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Ecosystem Interactions
Ecosystem: Living and non-
living things that interact in an environment
Terrestrial Ecosystems• LAND
Freshwater Ecosystems• Lakes, streams, and marshes
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/117-1715_IMG.JPG/220px-117-1715_IMG.JPG
Marine Ecosystems• Salt water • Includes Estuaries
Photo by CBF Member Steve Aprile,
Estuary – Where land and fresh water meet the sea
Estuary
Ocean
Nutrients wash into the
streams when it rains
Then flow into the estuary
Ocean water mixes in with
the freshwater
Chesapeake Bay• Largest Estuary in the U.S. (3rd largest in the world)• Nutrients washed in from the land support life• Organisms must be specially adapted to the ever-changing mixture of salt and fresh water.
Chesapeake Bay Watershed:
All water in Ashburn eventually flows into the Bay.
Chesapeake Bay Fast Facts:
• Home to 2,700 species of plants and animals
• Averages only 21 feet deep
• Annual rest stop for migrating birds
• One of the most productive habitats on Earth
• ½ of its water comes from the Atlantic Ocean,
the other ½ from rivers and streams
• Over 17 million people live in the watershed
• The watershed loses 100 acres of forest per day to development
Baltimore
Washington, DC
Ashburn
Underwater Plants:
• There are 80,000 acres of underwater grasses• The shallow water lets the sunshine through• Nutrients are constantly flowing in from streams• Grasses provide shelter, oxygen and food for
animals• Grass roots hold soil in place
Underwater Plants:
• PRODUCER – Make food with energy from sun. CO2WS GO
• CONSUMER – Eat other organisms to get energy. GO CO2W + ATP
• DECOMPOSER – Break down dead organisms’ cells
Web Notes
WHAT IS A CHAIN? A series of objects connected one after
the other.FOOD CHAIN – list of food from the producer to the final consumer.
WHAT IS A WEB? -Interwoven pattern.-complicated
relationshipFOOD WEB – all of the
interrelated food chains in an ecological community.
The arrow always points in the direction of energy flow.
POINT TO WHO IS GETTING THE ENERGY!
PRODUCERThe base of all
food webs.
Energy comes from the sun.
CONSUMER -- Eats other organisms for energy.
PRIMARY – eats producersSECONDARY – eats primary
consumersTERTIARY – eats secondary consumersQUATERNARY – eats tertiary
consumers
• 100% • 10% • 1% • 0.001%
A LOT of Energy is lost when you transfer the energy from one level to the next – as much as 90% or more per transfer!
.1% .01%