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Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity, and Property Values in an
Urbanizing Region
Kevin Bigsby, Chris Clary, Nyeema Harris, George Hess, Megan Lawler, Melissa McHale, Alicia Raimondi, Shawn Shifflett, Neal Wisenbaker
(World Population Prospects 2007, United Nations)
Introduction
US Population Growth
Introduction
Land Use Change
(Foley et al. 2005, Science)
Introduction
Impacts of land use change
Biophysical Approach:
Does managing for ecosystem services in a highly urbanizing region inherently encompass areas of conservation concern?
Valuation Approach:
Will the monetary value of ecosystem services outcompete property value in a rapidly developing area?
Introduction
Research Questions
Study AreaTRIANGLE REGION, NORTH CAROLINA Introduction
Study Area
BIODIVERSITY: HABITAT QUALITY AND RARITY
CARBON STORAGE
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
RESERVIOR HYDROPOWER PRODUCTION
WATER PURIFICATION: NUTRIENT RETENTION
AVOIDED RESERVIOR SEDIMENTATION
MANAGED TIMBER PRODUCTION
CROP POLLINATION
InVESTMethods
2001 Land CoverMethods
URBAN AREAS: MODERATELY HIGH
AGRICULTURAL AREAS LOW
WETLANDS AND FORESTS : HIGH
CARBON STORED (BIOPHYSICAL) Methods
Ecosystem Service
NUTRIENT RETENTION (BIOPHYSICAL) Methods
Ecosystem Service
HIGH VALUES THROUGHOUT
SPATIALLYHETEROGENEOUS
POLLINATION (BIOPHYSICAL) Methods
Ecosystem Service
URBAN AREAS LOW
FORESTS LOCATED NEAR AG AREAS HIGH
Methods
Stacked Ecosystem Service
Carbon
Nutrient Retention
Pollination
ALL SERVICES
VERTEBRATE SPECIES RICHNESS
Methods
Biodiversity Metric 1:
ELEMENT OCCURRENCES
Methods
Biodiversity Metric 2:
SIGNIFICANT NATURAL HERITAGE AREAS Method
Biodiversity Metric 3:
Methods
Ecosystem Service Quartiles
FORESTS LOCATED NEAR AG AREAS AND WETLANDS IN FOURTH QUARTILE URBAN AREAS IN FIRST QUARTILE
VERTEBRATE SPECIES RICHNESS
Q3
98% 96% 99% 100%
Modeled species richness does not vary significantly according to the Ecosystem service quartile. NO CONCORDANCE
Result
Biodiversity Metric 1:
Element Occurrences
Completeness – n (%) of total occurrences
Representation – n (%) of unique occurrences
Ecosystem services capture to identity, but not the spatial distribution of element occurrences MODERATE CONCORDANCE
ELEMENT OCCURRENCES
Result
Biodiversity Metric 2:
SIGNIFICANT NATURAL HERITAGE AREAS
Ecosystem services do not efficiently protect SNHAs
LOW CONCORDANCE
Result
Biodiversity Metric 3:
• Interpretations varied depending on the biodiversity metrics
• Overall, low concordance between biodiversity and ecosystems services
• Win-win locations do exist in a urbanizing region
• Using an ecosystem approach to conserve biodiversity is not efficient
Summary
Ecosystem Services & Biodiversity
Biophysical Approach:
Does managing for ecosystem services in a highly urbanizing region inherently encompass areas of conservation concern?
Valuation Approach:
Will the monetary value of ecosystem services outcompete property value in a rapidly developing area?
Part II
Ecosystem Service Valuation
Ecosystem ServicesCarbon SequestrationWater Purification: Nutrient RetentionCrop Pollination
InVESTMethods
How are we comparing values? Property Value vs. Multiple Ecosystem Service Value 20 year values with a 1% discount rate
ThemeThere are reasons to establish contracts early for ecosystem service conservation.
