Ecosystems

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Sun

Ecosystems

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Ecosystems

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Ecosystems

Detritus Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Ecosystems

Detritus Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Ecosystems

Microbes and other

detritivores

Detritus Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Sun

Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period

Ecosystems

Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period.

Ecosystems

Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time.

Ecosystems

Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R)

NPP = GPP – R

Ecosystems

Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R)

NPP = GPP – R

Ecosystems

IMPORTANT

GPP can be measured in: •Energy J/m2/yr•Biomass g/m2/yr

Ecosystems

GPP can be measured in: •Energy J/m2/yr•Biomass g/m2/yr

Biomass is dry weight and includes only new mass.

Ecosystems

Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)

Ecosystems

Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)

Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans

Ecosystems

Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)

Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans.

Eutrophication is overgrowth of algae in lakes and ponds.

Ecosystems

Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture

Ecosystems

Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture.

Ecosystems

NP

P (

g/m

2 /yr

)

Evapotranspiration (mm)

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

Ecosystems

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels net secondary production assimilation of primary production

Ecosystems

efficiency = -------------------------------

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

calories eaten calories stored

Ecosystems

efficiency = -------------------------------

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

calories eaten calories stored

Usually less than 20%

Ecosystems

efficiency = -------------------------------

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

Ecosystems

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

Ecosystems

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Biogeochemical cycles

Ecosystems

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Abiotic reservoir

Geologic processes

Important cycles:•Water•Carbon•Nitrogen •Phosphorus.

Ecosystems

Math Review

rB > C

Math Review

rB > C

ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)Δt K

Math Review

rB > C

net secondary production assimilation of primary productionefficiency = --------------------------------------

ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)Δt K