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Ecosystems and Ecosystems and CommunitiesCommunities
March 22, 2011March 22, 2011
Turn in your cycles of matter hw!!Turn in your cycles of matter hw!!
Warm Up: How is the flow of energy Warm Up: How is the flow of energy different from the flow of matter? different from the flow of matter?
Anticipation Guide! Anticipation Guide!
CompetitionCompetition
Occurs when organisms of the same Occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.place at the same time.
Resources-any necessity of lifeResources-any necessity of life
Competitive Exclusion Competitive Exclusion PrinciplePrinciple
No two species can occupy the same No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the niche in the same habitat at the same time.same time.
PredationPredation
Interaction in which one organism Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another captures and feeds on another organism.organism.
Predator vs. PreyPredator vs. Prey
Give me some examples! Give me some examples!
Predation
SymbiosisSymbiosis Any relationship in which Any relationship in which two species two species
live closely together.live closely together.
Types of Symbiotic Relationships:Types of Symbiotic Relationships: MutualismMutualism-both benefit, -both benefit,
Ex. Flowers and insectsEx. Flowers and insects CommensalismCommensalism-one member benefits, -one member benefits,
other neither helped nor harmed, other neither helped nor harmed, :- :- Ex. Barnacles and whaleEx. Barnacles and whale
ParasitismParasitism-one helped, one harmed, -one helped, one harmed, Ex. Tapeworms and mammalsEx. Tapeworms and mammals
Mutualism
Commensalism
:-
Parasitism
Ecological RelationshipsEcological Relationships
After a student reads the scenario, After a student reads the scenario, hold up which card you think BEST hold up which card you think BEST APPLIES. APPLIES. CommensalismCommensalism MutualismMutualism ParasitismParasitism PredationPredation
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships
Complete the manipulative set with your Complete the manipulative set with your partner. Call me to check on it! partner. Call me to check on it!
Anticipation Guide – recap!Anticipation Guide – recap!
When finished, start the handout. Finish for When finished, start the handout. Finish for hw!!!hw!!!
Circle the correct relationship (a, b or c)Circle the correct relationship (a, b or c) Write which type of symbiosis that Write which type of symbiosis that
relationship is. relationship is.
March 23, 2011March 23, 2011 Bring book tomorrow and Friday!!!Bring book tomorrow and Friday!!! Quiz on Friday – Chapters 3 and 4 – No notes!Quiz on Friday – Chapters 3 and 4 – No notes! Warm Up – Warm Up –
What is symbiosis? What is symbiosis? What are the three symbiotic relationships? What are the three symbiotic relationships?
Review Cycles/Anticipation Guide/Exit TicketReview Cycles/Anticipation Guide/Exit Ticket Create a symbiotic bat! Create a symbiotic bat!
DefinitionDefinition ExampleExample Picture of what it isPicture of what it is
March 24, 2011March 24, 2011
Bring Book Again Tomorrow!Bring Book Again Tomorrow! Symbiosis PP Review with Symbiosis PP Review with
homework! homework! Symbiosis Worksheet – PART I Symbiosis Worksheet – PART I
ONLY!!!! ONLY!!!!
Biotic vs. Abiotic FactorsBiotic vs. Abiotic Factors
Together determine survival Together determine survival and growth of an organism and growth of an organism and productivity of the and productivity of the ecosystem.ecosystem. Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors NicheNiche
A. biotic factors- the biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem
-living things!
B. abiotic factors-physical or nonliving factors that shape an ecosystem
-nonliving things!
C. niche-the full range of physical and biological conditions in which and organism lives and how it uses them
NICHE describes the job of the organismwithin the ecosystem – it is the full range of
physical and biological conditions itlives in and out it uses those conditions!
Here is a picture of a wormand its niche…how can we describe a worm’s niche?
Describe your niche!!
Biotic Factor Abiotic Factor
Definition:
3 Examples:
Definition:
3 Examples:
How is a niche different than a habitat????
The Role of ClimateThe Role of Climate
Are all species able to tolerant all Are all species able to tolerant all environmental conditions?environmental conditions?
Temperature, precipitation and Temperature, precipitation and other environmental factors in the other environmental factors in the atmosphere combine to produce atmosphere combine to produce climate and weather.climate and weather.
Weather vs. ClimateWeather vs. Climate
WeatherWeather-day to day -day to day ClimateClimate-year to year-year to year
Climate is caused by many factors.Climate is caused by many factors.
The energy of incoming The energy of incoming sunlight drives Earth’s sunlight drives Earth’s
weather and in turn weather and in turn determines climate.determines climate.
The Greenhouse EffectThe Greenhouse Effect Atmospheric gases Atmospheric gases
trap heat energy trap heat energy and maintain and maintain Earth’s Earth’s temperature range.temperature range.
Gases act like a Gases act like a “glass window” of “glass window” of a greenhouse.a greenhouse.
Heat is retained by Heat is retained by layer of layer of greenhouse gases greenhouse gases creating effect.creating effect.
Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect
Greenhouse gases allow solar energy Greenhouse gases allow solar energy to penetrate the atmosphere.to penetrate the atmosphere.
Converted into heat energy as it hits Converted into heat energy as it hits the Earth’s surface and radiates the Earth’s surface and radiates back into the atmosphere.back into the atmosphere.
But, the gases do not allow the But, the gases do not allow the escape as easily as the entrance.escape as easily as the entrance.
In turn, heat is trapped in the In turn, heat is trapped in the atmosphere.atmosphere.
Latitude’s Effect on Latitude’s Effect on ClimateClimate
Earth is tilted, so Earth is tilted, so solar radiation solar radiation strikes at different strikes at different parts of Earth’s parts of Earth’s surface at angles surface at angles that vary at different that vary at different times of year.times of year.
This causes three This causes three climate zones: polar, climate zones: polar, temperate and temperate and tropical tropical
Winds and Ocean Winds and Ocean CurrentsCurrents
The unequal heating of Earth’s surface The unequal heating of Earth’s surface drives wind and ocean currents drives wind and ocean currents transporting heat throughout the transporting heat throughout the biosphere.biosphere.
The upward movement of warm air and The upward movement of warm air and downward movement of cool air create downward movement of cool air create air currents or winds moving heat.air currents or winds moving heat.
The flow of water due to temperature as The flow of water due to temperature as well as by winds causes ocean currents. well as by winds causes ocean currents.
Ocean currents also transport heat Ocean currents also transport heat energy and in turn affect weather and energy and in turn affect weather and climate.climate.
Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession Ecosystems constantly change due to Ecosystems constantly change due to
natural and human disturbances.natural and human disturbances. Series of unpredictable changesSeries of unpredictable changes Primary succession: succession that Primary succession: succession that
occurs on surfaces with occurs on surfaces with no soilno soil Ex. After a volcanic eruptionEx. After a volcanic eruption
Pioneer speciesPioneer species Secondary succession: Secondary succession: soil is presentsoil is present
Ex. Land cleared for farming is Ex. Land cleared for farming is abandoned or after wildfires in woodlandsabandoned or after wildfires in woodlands
Primary Succession = No soil!
Secondary Succession
Aquatic EcosystemsAquatic Ecosystems
Determined primarily by depth, flow, Determined primarily by depth, flow, temperature, and chemistry of the temperature, and chemistry of the overlying water.overlying water.
Marine – saltwater/oceanicMarine – saltwater/oceanic Limiting Nutrient = nitrogen! Limiting Nutrient = nitrogen!
Freshwater – flowing (rivers) or Freshwater – flowing (rivers) or standing (lakes, ponds)standing (lakes, ponds) Limiting Nutrient = phosphorus! Limiting Nutrient = phosphorus!
Coral ReefsCoral Reefs
Named for coral animals with Named for coral animals with calcium carbonate skeletonscalcium carbonate skeletons
BiomesBiomes
Complex terrestrial communities Complex terrestrial communities that covers a large areathat covers a large area
Tolerance: ability to survive and Tolerance: ability to survive and reproduce under conditions that reproduce under conditions that differ from optimal onesdiffer from optimal ones
MicroclimateMicroclimate
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical Savanna
Tropical Savanna
Deserts
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Woodland and Scrubland
Temperate Forest
Northwestern Coniferous Forest
Boreal Forest
Tundra
