ECTOPIC PREGNANCY… acute congestion

“NUTMEG” LIVER … CH. CONGESTION…

SUBARACHNOIDAL HEMORRHAGE… types of hemorrhages?

PARENCHYMAL HEMATOMA…

Lesion?... Mechanisms?... Clinical entities?

Lesion?...Mechanism?...Clinical entities?

Same questions…

WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME

IDEM

THROMBOSIS: PATHOGENESIS: VIRCHOW’S TRIAD.

VEIN THROMBOSIS: Causes…

EMBOLIZATION, PULMONARY THROMBO-EMBOLISM

EMBOLISM: TYPES

FAT

Most likely cause?

RED (HEMORRAGHIC) INFARCT

OVARIAN CYST W/TORSION & FURTHER INFARCT

WHITE (ANEMIC) INFARCT

SPLEEN

Fibrinoid thrombusCauses, mechanisms…

GENETIC DISORDERS I

CATEGORIES OF MUTATIONS: GENOME (vgr.Trisomies) CHROMOSOME (vgr. Cri-du-chat) GENE (vgr. Mendelian)

Organelle?... Process?

TAY-SACHS

NIEMANN-PICK

CHERRY-RED-SPOT …BLINDNESS

VON-GIERKE

MC. ARDLE

Muchopolisaccharidosis

OCHRONOSIS… Serum abnormality… other affected tissues…transmission?

TYPE OF: Mutation, inheritance

IDEM

XANTHELASMAS

TWO LESIONS…

MENINGIOMA

NF2

Which chr.Affected?

Type of cyto-genetic alteration

Idem,,, Best other diagnostic test?

9:22rearrengement

bcr

abl

Residual abl

Risk factor?... Most common phenotypical alterations…

Phenotypical alterations…

Idem…

Idem…

Idem…

COMMON MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDERS

3 major characteristics…

ANENCEPHALY

Hirschsprung disease: Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Elongated face & large mandibuleLarge, everted earsMild strabismusHyperelastic joints, high palated & mitral valve prolapseMental retardationMacro-orchidism

LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY (LHON)

MUTATIONS IN MITOCHONDRIAL GENES

IDEM:PEDIGREE