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EDF’s Nuclear Fleet Objectives and Challenges of an Industry
Eric MAUCORT Deputy Director Nuclear Operations
Nuclear energy: A French Choice
France based its choice of nuclear energy after the two oil crises of 1973 and 1979
to control the costs of electricity and ensure its energy independence
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600
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
TW
h
Source : RTE
Hydro* 12%
Nuclear
75%
Fossil
fuels
Other
REN 3%
Oil crises
1973 1979
EDF is the largest nuclear operator in the world
Nuclear energy: a French choice
A nuclear industry developed: EDF, CEA, AREVA, Alstom… a fabric of small & medium size
companies and industries …
today representing 240,000 jobs
Nuclear energy is the 3rd largest French industrial sector
EDF’s nuclear power generation
Fleet in France – 18 plants, 58 reactors
Fukushima: Legitimate questions
The causes of the accident
A tsunami of a scope unforeseen when the plant was designed,
A crisis organization that did not allow water and electricity to be restored
within 24 hours to cool the damaged reactors
Reactors that did not have the systems to avoid the explosion of hydrogen
and limit releases in the environment
The first lessons from the accident support the French options
The importance of criteria taken into account in design (the origins of the
accidents at Three Mile Island and Tchernobyl were operation-related)
The operator is the only one responsible for safety: Advantage of the EDF
operator/designer model
Necessity for plants to regularly improve their design to incorporate:
- experience feedback from accidents and incidents world-wide
- progress in knowledge
- changes in the environment
… and a desire to go even further
.
Additional Safety Assessments
Safety reassessments have been carried from the outset:
Every 10 years and on experience feedback from incidents (storm of 99, 2003 heat wave, etc. and
accidents (TMI etc.))
Additional Safety Assessments, a complementary approach: Assess the resistance of facilities
beyond design basis
Guarantee the maintenance of vital functions for several hours in extreme situations (total loss of water
and power), …. Then be able to route resources to the site to restore water and electricity
After these additional safety assessments:
EDF (Sept 2011) confirms the good safety level of facilities
Certain modifications planned for a ten-year re-examination will be
accelerated
EDF proposes the implementation of further measures
The ASN (Jan. 2012) considers that the facilities inspected show a
sufficient level of safety.
The ASN considers that their extended operation requires the
reinforcement of their resistance in extreme situations, beyond
the safety margins they already have, as quickly as possible.
It has issued technical recommendations consistent with EDF’s
proposals with stringent lead times.
The ENSREG (European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group)
confirmed the quality of the assessments (April 2012), after
peer reviews
SFEN JG - 24-25 October 2012
A global reality: the need for energy
7 billion inhabitants on earth… 20% do not have access to electricity…
9 billion inhabitants in 2050….
All forms of energy will be necessary… in particular in emerging countries
In the context of the economic crisis …
and global warming.
A possible increase of 80% of electricity consumption
beginning in 2035 and a risk of doubling CO2 emissions
in 2050 (AIE 2011)
Faced with the need for affordable, safe and
low-carbon electricity,
nuclear energy is part of the solution
Electricity in France
• 35% less expensive than in other European countries
• Nearly two times less expensive than in Germany
In France, electricity is affordable…
Tax-inclusive price in €/MWh Private consumers (Eurostat) 300
€ 212/MWh average Euro zone - 17 countries not including France
€70/MWh
142 158
209 208 212
253
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France U.K. - Spain Italy Belgium Germany
90
218
299
386
430 450
640
0
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200
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France Belgique Espagne Italie Allemagne Royaume-Uni Pologne
gC
O2
/KW
h
Average for OECD Europe
CO2 emissions per kWh
related to the production of electricity and heat
Source : IEA CO2 Highlights 2011, statistics cover both electricity and heat in light of the importance of co-generation in some countries.
France
…, carbon-reduced, …
Thanks to nuclear and hydroelectric energy, CO2 emissions
per kWh in France are the lowest in Europe, with Sweden,
5 times less than in Germany per kWh (and 2 times less per
inhabitant all energies combined).
Belgium Spain Italy Germany U.K Poland
…and generates jobs
240,000 jobs* all over the country, including suppliers;
410,000 jobs* when indirect jobs are included;
Even more thanks to the low price of electricity.
3rd largest industrial sector in France, comparable to the aeronautics industry
In France, the nuclear industry provides
(* Source PricewaterhouseCoopers, awaiting figures from the Nuclear
Stream Strategic Committee)
A vision for production in France: Take advantage of the
existing fleet and develop renewable energies
Use the existing nuclear fleet
Benefit from the industrial assets built up over 20 years… and the corresponding jobs
Benefit from a cost of electricity half as expensive as that of any new power generation resource
Preserve France’s leading position among low CO2-emission countries
Remain protected from unpredictable international events
Pursue energy saving measures and energy transfers.. By creating jobs: less electricity per
use, more uses for ‘’carbon-reduced’’ electricity
Develop renewable energies including hydro-electric: Use the right energy at the right time
and lower costs
Build for the future
Allow serene choices: New generation nuclear energy, photovoltaic technologies, electricity storage, CO2 capture etc.
.
The renovation of the existing nuclear fleet
A major overhaul necessary as the 30-year mark
approaches:
Replacement of major components, modernization of I&C,
etc.
Improvement of industrial safety (including the incorporation
of experience feedback from Fukushima).
…allowing a lifetime extension
under the control of the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN)
(USA : 70 reactors out of 104 obtained a 60-year license)
An opportunity for our industry:
Offer young people 50,000 highly qualified jobs,
in metallurgy, mechanics and electronics.
New hires necessary starting in 2012-2013 (training time)
Long-term jobs (> 20 years)
The renovation of plants:
A major overhaul with a human and financial
investment comparable to construction
A new start for the fleet
A huge challenge to be met by everyone
Initial investments and first
years of operation Maintenance program and
safety step
Renewal
A technical and financial challenge
Mobilize significant financial resources
An industrial challenge
Mobilize partners to respond to the volume and complexity
of work
Find new partners
Provide visibility to anticipate investments and recruiting
An organizational challenge
Organize to handle the volume of activity while retaining control over
quality
A human challenge
Renew the skills of EDF and its industrial partners
The renovation of plants:
A huge challenge to be met by everyone
A future to build:
Contribute to supplying abundant, safety and carbon-reduced nuclear and
renewable energy
France’s nuclear fleet is envied
Its good safety level has been confirmed
Experience feedback from Fukushima
will further improve it
Thank you for your attention