From Technologies to Markets

© 2021

From Technologies to MarketsFrom Technologies to Markets

Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and

Market Trends 2021

Market and Technology

Report 2021

Sample

222

Scope of the report 7

Methodologies & definitions 8

Acronyms 9

Companies cited in this report 10

About the authors 11

Impact of recent macroeconomic trends 12

Executive summary 16

Context 43

• Industry background

• Laser light

• What is LASER? – Introduction

• Types of lasers – Categorization

• Types of lasers – Classification

• Types of lasers

• Types of lasers – EEL application landscape

• Where is EEL positioned within different types of lasers

• Laser diode package types

• EEL as optical pumps for higher-power CW lasers

• Laser diode vs. Optically pumped semiconductor laser

• Edge Emitting Laser (EEL) diode applications - As a function of laser technology

• EEL types with their specifications and eligibility for applications

• EEL types linked with applications and examples of (top) players

• Importance of parameters for application categories

• Conclusion

EEL market forecasts 62

• Global market analysis

• Key market highlights by domain of application

• 2019-2026 market volume (Munits)

• Split by application

• Split by power

• Split by wavelength

• 2017-2024 market revenue ($M)

• Split by application

• Split by power

• Split by wavelength

• Conclusion

• Market Analysis by Application

• Introduction

• Focus on optical communication - Telecom vs. Datacom

• Focus on optical communication - Datacom

• Focus on optical communication – Telecom

• Focus on KW material processing

• Focus on display

• Focus on sensing

• Focus on medical treatment

• Focus on micro material processing

• Focus on lighting

• Conclusion

• EEL ASP aspects

• Introduction

• Key specifications impacting EEL price

• ASP by domain of applications

• Conclusion

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Part 1/5

333

Market trends 91

• Industry overview

• Edge Emitting Laser (EEL) diode applications - As a function of laser technology

• EEL as optical pumps for higher-power CW lasers

• Focus on end markets

• Total addressable market for lasers

• New laser applications

• Focus on EEL efficiency

• Laser adoption economics - Capital costs of various processes

• Laser adoption economics - Capital costs of lasers

• Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)

Optical communication 105

Market trends

• Introduction

• Drivers – Global network IP traffic growth

• Trends in data center - Data traffic

• Classification of semiconductor lasers

• Key applications in datacom and telecom

• Inside the optical communication industry

• 2020-2026 OT market revenue forecast

• Key trends in sub-applications - Datacom applications

• Notations & terminology - Suffixes for 100G OT and above – Overview

• Status of migration to higher speed in optical transceiver datacom

• Inside a DC

• Key trends in sub-applications - Telecom applications

• Focus on metro core / Metro access interconnection

• Status of migration to higher speed

• Paving the way in telecom

• Possible future speeds

• Future - What shape will 800G ethernet take?

• Co-packaged Optics (CPO)/On-Board Optics (OBO)

Technology trends 126

• Fiber-Optic Communication (FOC) – Principle

• Fiber-Optic Communication (FOC) - Optical transmitter/receiver

• Key technologies

• Form factor trends

• Different possible designs of EEL - Optical communication applications

• Segmentation - Overview

• Key trends - Overview

• Laser diode - Use case example - 100G data center

• 400G & pluggable coherent ZR/ZR+ (DCI & Telecom)

• Conclusion

Sensing 138

Market trends

• Introduction

• Drivers – LiDAR & Machine vision

• Sensing Applications – LiDAR drivers

• Drivers – Machine vision – Automated logistics

• Drivers – Machine vision – Automated logistics – new paradigm

• Drivers – Machine vision – Manufacturing automation trends

• Classification of semiconductor lasers by application

• Overview of fiber optic sensing

• Overview of machine vision

• Overview of ultrafast laser spectroscopy and Mid-IR spectroscopy

• Overview of flow cytometry

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Part 2/5

444

SensingMarket trends• Overview of LiDAR• LiDAR of various sizes• Key LiDAR applications – Two distinctive paths for autonomous vehicles• Key LiDAR applications – Industrial applications• System TAM per yearTechnology trends 155• Lasers for industrial and space, science, and military LiDAR• From component to LiDAR system• Toward diode lasers in automotive sensing• Typical lasers used for 3D sensing• Typical lasers used for 3D sensing - Challenges• Wavelength used in automotive LiDAR• LiDAR Principles and Components• LiDAR technology approaches• Choice of light source for automotive LiDAR• Conclusion

Material processing 167Market trends• Introduction• Drivers – new applications• Drivers – Semiconductor manufacturing• Drivers – Additive manufacturing• Kilowatt material processing vs. Micro material processing• Key sub-applications for material processing laser market segment• Laser applications – laser power vs. pulse width

• Key trends in sub-applications –

Kilowatt material processing applications 176

• Classification of semiconductor lasers by application

• Overview

• Focus on metal cutting

• Focus on metal welding/brazing

• Focus on cladding

• Focus on additive manufacturing (i.e. 3D printing)

• Technology trends – Kilowatt material processing applications 187

• Typical laser used for KW material processing applications

• Typical laser characteristics for KW material processing applications

• Fiber laser vs. CO2 laser

• Key highlights

• Cost of ownership comparison for laser cutting

• Key trends in sub-applications –

Micro material processing applications 193

• Classification of semiconductor lasers by application

• Overview

• Focus on fine metal and other low power material processing

• Focus on semiconductor material and display processing

• Overview

• Front-end process

• Back-end process

• Focus on flat panel display material processing

• Overview

• OLED display drilling

• Focus on marking and engraving

• Blue laser

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Part 3/5

555

Material processing

• Technology trends – Micro material processing applications 205

• Typical laser used for micro material processing applications

Medical 208

Market trends

• Introduction

• Drivers

• Classification of semiconductor lasers by application

• Focus on ophthalmology

• Focus on dermatology

• Focus on surgery

• Focus on dentistry

Technology trends – Medical 217

• Typical laser used for medical applications

• Focus on surgery – Ho:YAG vs Tm:Glass lasers

• Main wavelengths used in medical applications

• Conclusion

Display & lighting 223

Market trends

• Introduction

• Drivers

• Classification of semiconductor lasers by application

• Display

• Applications

• TV & cinema

• Head Up Displays (HUDs)

• Laser light show – Overview

• Lighting - Automotive lighting

• Overview

• Technological approaches

Technology trends – Medical 233

• Typical lasers used for display technologies

• Display - Projectors - Light source comparison

• Display - RGB laser sources

• Typical lasers used for automotive lighting technologies

• Automotive lighting – System resolution vs. System efficiency

• Laser diode vs. LED

• Technology roadmap - Light source level

• Conclusion

Technology 242

• Laser mode of operation

• Overview

• CW vs. Pulsed

• Laser mode of operation – Application requirements

• Typical laser parameters and application requirements

• Emission wavelengths

• By laser type

• Focus on semiconductor lasers

• Semiconductor laser – EEL vs. VCSEL – Attributes and parameters

• EEL as a pump laser

• The different possible designs of EELs

• What is LASER? – Principle of operation

• Laser amplifiers

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Part 4/5

666

• Semiconductor laser structures

• Basics

• Lasing modes

• Layer stacks

• Different possible designs of EEL

• Overview

• DFB laser - Device structure

• DFB laser - Manufacturing process

• Challenges – Epitaxy

• Challenges - High volume manufacturing (1/3)

• Conclusion

Industry 270

• Where does gain on EEL go?

• Player mapping - Overview

• Players’ positioning

• Level of integration - Introduction

• Vertical integration in laser industry

• Material processing vs. Device

• System vs. Tool

• Benefits of vertical integration

• focus on EEL as component

• focus on EEL as module

• Players’ positioning by market segments

• Value chain of different laser types for material processing industry

• Ultrashort-pulse laser technology – Industry

• Laser potential in machining

• Cost evolution of EEL’s high-power chips

• Recent Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A)

• Consolidations in the photonics industry

• Bidding war in photonics market

• Key laser technologies of top players

• Key laser applications of top players

• Competitive application landscape of top players

• Added value to the acquisition

• Laser annealing industry - Display market

• GAFAM as a key photonics technology adopters

• Coherent opted for II-VI

• U.S. – China relationship in photonics industry

• How potential decoupling China from the U.S will impact laser and photonics

industry

• Laser industry in regions

• Industrial lasers and systems in Japan

• Industrial lasers and systems in China

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Part 5/5

7

Dr. Martin Vallo, Market & Technology Analyst

Dr Martin Vallo is a Technology & Market Analyst specializing in solid-state lighting technologies, within the Photonics, Sensing & Display division at Yole

Développement ( Yole). With 9 years’ experience in semiconductor technology, Martin is currently involved in the development of technology &

market reports as well as the production of custom consulting projects at Yole.

Prior to his work at Yole, Dr Vallo worked at CEA (Grenoble, France), with a mission focused on the epitaxial growth of InGaN/GaN core-shell

nanowire LEDs by MOCVD and their characterization for highly flexible photonic devices. Martin graduated from Academy of Sciences, Institute of

Electrical Engineering (Slovakia) with an engineering degree in III-nitride semiconductors.

Contact: martin.vallo@yole.fr

Pars Mukish, Business Unit Manager

Pars Mukish holds a master’s degree in Materials Science and Polymers from ITECH in France and a master’s degree in Innovation and Technology Management from EM Lyon, also in France. He works at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’ market research and strategy consulting company, as a senior market and technology analyst in the fields of LED, OLED, lighting technologies and compound semiconductors. Pars performs technical, economic, and market analyses. In 2015, Pars was named business unit manager for emerging sapphire, LED/OLED, and display/lighting activities.

Previously, Pars worked for several years as market and techno-economic analyst at CEA, a French research center.

Contact: pars.mukish@yole.fr

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Biographies & contacts

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SCOPE OF THE REPORT

Diode lasers

Lasers based on

semiconductor gain

media

Solid-state lasers

Fiber lasers

EELs are used

as a light source

• Helium–neon lasers

(He–Ne lasers)

• Carbon dioxide lasers

(CO2 lasers)

• Krypton ion lasers

• Argon ion lasers

• Nitrogen lasers

• Excimer lasers

• Hydrogen lasers

• Copper vapor lasers

Diode-pumped solid-

state laser (DPSSL)

Pumped with EEL, generating

high output powers

Technology

Market segments

Optical

Communication

Material Processing

Sensing

Medical

Display & Lighting Defense

Market segments

Technology

In scope Out of scope

Edge Emitting Laser Diode

Laser

group

Laser

system

Laser

device

• IV-VI Lead salts Lasers

• Ge Intervalence band lasers

Semiconductor

lasersSemiconductor

lasers

Gas lasersLasers based on gases or

plasma as gain media

*Semiconductor laser types -

IV-VI Lead salts lasers and

Ge Intervalence band lasers

are out of scope of this

report. Therefore, the

wavelength range of SC

lasers has been reduced for

the purpose of this report

Your needs are out

of scope of this report?

Contact us for a custom report:

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METHODOLOGIES & DEFINITIONS

Market

Volume (in Munits)

ASP (in $)

Revenue (in $M)

Yole’s market forecast model is based on the matching of several sources:

Information

Aggregation

Preexisting

information

101010

ASP:Average Selling Price

AOC:Active Optical Cables

BALD: Broad Area Laser Diode

BEOL: Back-End-Of-Line

CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate

CD: Compact Disc

CMOS: Complementary Metal OxideSemiconductor

CO2: Carbon dioxide

CoC: Chip-on-Carrier

CoS: Chip-on-Submount

CoW: Chip-on-Wafer

CRW: Corrugated Ridge Waveguide

CW: Continuous Wave

CWDM: Coarse Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing

DBR: Distributed Bragg Reflector

DFB: Distributed Feedback laser

DH: Double Heterostructure

DML: Directly Modulated Laser

DOE: Diffractive Optical Element

DPSSL: diode-pumped solid state laser

DVD: DigitalVersatile Disc

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ACRONYMSDWDM: Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

EEL: Edge Emitting Laser

EMI: Electromagnetic Interference

EML: Electro-absorption Modulated lasers

EOM: Embedded Optical Modules

FC DL: Fiber-Coupled Diode Lasers

FEOL: Front-End-Of-Line

FP: Fabry Perot

FTTx: Fiber to the x

HB-LED: High Brightness Light Emitting Diode

HC-LED: High Current Light Emitting Diode

HID: High-Intensity Discharge

HMD: Head mount display

HPDDL: High Power Direct Diode Laser

HUD: Head up display

HVM: HighVolume Manufacturing

ILD: Injection Laser Diode

ILMZ: Integrated Laser Mach Zehnder

IoT: Internet of Things

IR: Infra-Red

IXP: Internet Exchange Point

LACR: Laser-assisted Cartilage Reshaping

LAN: Local-area networks

LARP: Laser Activated Remote Phosphor

LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

LD: Laser Diodes

LIDAR: Light Detection and Ranging

MAN: Metropolitan-area networks

MEMS: Micro-Electromechanical Systems

MM: Multi Mode

Munits: Million Units

NA: Numerical Aperture

Nd: YAG: Neodymium-Doped YttriumAluminum Garnet

NIR: Near Infra-Red

NPI: New Product Introduction

NPROs: Nonplanar Ring Oscillators

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer

OPSL: Optically Pumped SemiconductorLaser

PAM: Pulse Amplitude Modulation

PAROLI: Parallel Optical Link

QCW: Quasi Continuous Wave

QW: Quantum Well

R&D: Research And Development

RFI: Radio Frequency Interference

RGB: Red Green Blue

SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SH: Single Heterostructure

SHG: Second Harmonic Generation

SM: Single Mode

SONET: Synchronous Optical Networking

TDM:Time Division Multiplexing

TFL:Thulium fiber Laser

TMR:Transmyocardial Revascularization

UV: UltraViolet

VCSEL: Vertical-Cavity Surface-EmittingLaser

VIS:Visible

WAN:Wide-area networks

WDM:Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

WPE:Wall Plug Efficiency

111111

3SPTechnologies, Access Pacific, Accelink, Adtech Optics, Advanced Laser Diode Systems, Akela Laser Corp., Allwave Lasers, Alpes Lasers, Amonics, Applied Optoelectronics, Arima Lasers, Bright Solutions, Broadcom, Brolis Semiconductors, BWT, Canadian Photonics Fabrication Centre - Unit of National

Research Council of Canada, CNI Optoelectronics Technology, Cisco, Coherent, DenseLight Semiconductors, Diode Laser Concepts, Eblana Photonics, Egismos Technology, Emcore, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Fiibercom, FITEL - Furukawa, Focuslight, Gooch & Housego, Hamamatsu, HJ

Optronics, II-VI Inc., Infinera, Innolume, Innovative Photonic Solutions, InPhenix, Intense Photonics, IPG Photonics, Jenoptik, Kyocera SLD Laser, Laserline, LaserMaxDefense, LasersCom, Lasers components,

Lasertel, LDX Optronics, Lumentum, Lumibird, Lumics, Macom, Masimo Semiconductor, Mitsubishi Electric, MKS Instruments, Modulight, Monocrom, nanoplus, Necsel, NeoPhotonics, Nichia, nLIGHT Corp., NKT Photonics, NOLATECH, Norcada, Norlase, Northrop Grumman CEO, OPTOENERGY,

Optoway Technology , OSI Laser Diode, Osram, Panasonic Semiconductor, PD-LD, Pegasus Lasersysteme, Photodigm, QD Laser, QPC Lasers, QSI Laser, Quantum Light Instruments, Raycan,

Redfern Integrated Optics (RIO), Rohm, Sacher Lasertechnik LLC, Seminex, Sharp, Sheaumann Laser, Sivers Semiconductor, Sony Semiconductor, Source Photonics, Sumitomo Electric, Thorlabs, Toptica

Photonics, TrueLight Corp., Trumpf, UnikLasers, Union Optronics, Ushio Opto Semiconductors, Vescent Photonics, Vortran Laser Technology, Wavespectrum Laser, World Star Tech, WTD, XLT HIGH POWER

Semiconductor Lasers, Z-Laser Optoelektronik, and more.

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COMPANIES CITED IN THIS REPORT

Impact of recent macroeconomic trends (US/CN trade war and COVID-19

pandemic)

131313

• The recent US/China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic had some strong impacts on a number of end-system market trends in 2020. Someof the most affected fields were:

• Optical communication

• Material processing

• Medical

• Sensing

Optical communication

• The COVID-19 outbreak has had deep implications for theTelecom infrastructure supply chain.

• End-user spending on IT infrastructure such as servers and enterprise storage systems will decline in 2020.

• The optical networking market is in an interesting situation. Demand for networking and cloud services is currently huge. Due topandemic-related lockdowns, people work and communicate from home while taking advantage of digital entertainment available through theinternet. Telecom networks and datacenters continued to operate while most manufacturing and travelling businesses were shut down. Networkand datacenter operators are trying to maintain high bandwidth for storage and streaming services and are working continuously on enhancingnetwork capacity.

• Demand for optics by Chinese datacenter operators such as Alibaba, Baidu, ByteDance and Tencent is very strong, bolstered by Chinesegovernmental support for deployment of 5G and cloud datacenters. That means the future for the optical communication sector isn’t necessarilybad, if manufacture of optical modules and systems restarts in three months and Chinese consumers continue to subscribe to cloud services thisyear.

• In conclusion, we assume differing negative impacts on data and telecommunication infrastructure systems. Defining elements of this impactinclude changing demand from buyers, supply chain shortages and logistical delays, short-term component price increases, and a suppressedeconomic and social climate. Even though the demand for bandwidth is high, sales in the optical communication industry have beennegatively impacted due to more investment in legacy infrastructure instead of in the new ecosystems.

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IMPACT OF RECENT MACROECONOMIC TRENDS

The US/CN trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic – 1/3

141414

Material processing

• By late 2018, tariffs on trade between China and the U.S. moved from rumor to a reality.

• Laser companies reacted by relocating production, if they could, to avoid the tariffs. Many were able to relocate, especially largerlaser companies, but smaller laser companies who could not move production felt the pressure.

• In China, economic growth was starting to slow. Not so much due to the tariffs themselves, but more due to the fear that these tariffswould slow the economy. More fears led to more slowdown which led to more fears!

• In 2019, both US and Chinese economies slowed, which translated into slower laser sales. This alone was not great, but it alsocaused a second problem. The number of Chinese laser companies continued to grow, and even with a slowdown, these Chineselasers had to go somewhere. This caused a glut in the market and laser selling prices to drop up to 50% in one year, where typically theydrop less than 10%.All this made 2019 a difficult year for laser companies to be profitable.

• Then, in 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic led to the closing of several factories in all regions of the world which made it verydifficult to sell laser systems for manufacturing facilities. Whether this will be resolved quickly or will drag on for years is not yet fullyknown. Based on the situation in Q1-2021, we are taking a mid-level stance in this report, estimating that the situation will get back tonormal (i.e. 2019-level sales), by 2022.

Medical

• 2019 was a poor year for revenue from medical lasers. The import tariff battles, slowing economies in developing countries, and theinflux of Chinese lasers are all partially to blame for lower medical laser revenue.

• Cosmetic lasers were hardest hit in 2019. For a long time, they were fueled by a growing middle-class, especially in Asia, but when theeconomy took a big hit in these regions, a large drop in investment in cosmetic lasers followed.

• The COVID-19 pandemic has further reinforced this situation with multiple lockdowns and a global depression.

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IMPACT OF RECENT MACROECONOMIC TRENDS

The US/CN trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic – 2/3

151515

Sensing

• The growth of the EEL market related to sensing applications is mostly driven by LiDAR for automotive applications.

• The automotive sector was under stress before the COVID-19 pandemic:

• The crisis came at a time that was already particularly tense for automakers, who were in the midst of transforming their engine offerings to comply withnew environmentally friendly regulations;

• The automotive industry is still suffering from the aftermath of the trade wars between the USA, China and the European Union;

• There is growing pressure from several cities and countries to reduce the number of cars on the road;

• Car sales and production were in decline.

➔ In conclusion, automotive sectors were already weakened in 2019.

• With the COVID-19 pandemic, partial or total shutdown of many OEM and supplier factories has further exacerbated this situation.

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IMPACT OF RECENT MACROECONOMIC TRENDS

The US/CN trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic – 3/3

• In automotive applications, LiDAR volumes are low. Short-termdisruption of the supply chain is unlikely.

• Mid-term projects have so far not been disrupted by COVID-19, as hasbeen verified by investments, new product launches, and Velodyne’s plansto go public in Q3-2020.

• In the long term, COVID-19 could have a negative impact onautomotive LiDAR with projects related to autonomy being delayed.

The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on

OEMs

161616Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EEL market revenue forecast by segment (2020 vs. 2026)

$1,724M

2020

2026

$503M$319M

$10M

$203M

$116M

~$2,874M

~$6,613M

$4,708M

CAGR 18%

$592M

CAGR

2%

$448M

CAGR

6%

$23MCAGR

15%

$778M

CAGR 25%$65M

-9%

Optical communications

Material processing

Display

Emerging applications (Sensing, medical and lighting

Declining applications (Printing and optical storage)

R&D

CAGR 2020-2026: 15%

17

EEL MARKET - ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

2019-2026 market revenue ($M) - Split by application

EEL market revenue is expected to grow from $2.9B in 2020 to $6.6B in 2026.

CAGR2020-2026 = 15%.

• Despite strong decline in volume in 2017-2019 period, revenue continues to increase.

• The main reason for this is that optical storage applications use low-power EELs with low ASPs that have a low impact on revenue.

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181818

EEL market revenues for DATACOM will mainly be driven by development of 100GbE, 400GbE and 800GbE optical transceivers.

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EEL MARKET - ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

Focus on optical communication - Datacom

Extremly high CAGR for EELs in 800GbE modules:• xx• xx

9

C

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bE , , , , , , 9 ,

bE , , , , , ,9 , , 9

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Volume Munits)

a et o me stimations nits atacom pp ication p it anscei e

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,

,

,

,

,

,

,

evenue M)

a et e en e stimations atacom pp ication p it anscei e

19

EEL market revenues for sensing will mainly be driven by LiDAR systems.

Focus on Sensing

EEL MARKET - ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

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2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

CAGR

2020-

2026

Machine Vision 4,6 5,2 6,1 6,8 7,5 8,4 9,3 10,3 12%

3D Sensing - Others 0,3 0,6 1,5 2,9 5,1 9,1 16,2 28,7 90%

3D Sensing - LiDAR 3,4 4,3 5,9 10,3 17,3 42,4 71,8 96,0 68%

UV Inspection - Semiconductor 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1%

Flow Cytometry 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 18%

Mid-IR Spectrsocopy 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 11%

Ultrafast Spectroscopy 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 5%

Telecom Instrumentation 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0%

Fiber Sensors 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 18%

TOTAL 8,5 10,4 13,8 20,3 30,4 60,4 97,8 135,8 54%

-

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

160,0

Volu

me (

Munits)

2019-2026 EEL Market Volume Estimations (Munits) -

Sensing Application - Split by Type

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

CAGR

2020-

2026

Machine Vision $ 16,3 $ 15,5 $ 14,7 $ 14,0 $ 13,3 $ 12,6 $ 12,0 $ 11,4 -5%

3D Sensing - Others $ 0,9 $ 1,8 $ 3,8 $ 6,8 $ 10,9 $ 18,4 $ 31,0 $ 52,3 76%

3D Sensing - LiDAR $ 10,1 $ 16,4 $ 28,5 $ 59,9 $ 108,2 $ 247,5 $ 364,9 $ 418,9 72%

UV Inspection - Semiconductor $ 0,7 $ 0,7 $ 0,7 $ 0,7 $ 0,8 $ 0,8 $ 0,7 $ 0,7 0%

Flow Cytometry $ 16,9 $ 19,0 $ 21,2 $ 23,8 $ 26,6 $ 29,8 $ 33,4 $ 37,4 12%

Mid-IR Spectrsocopy $ 1,9 $ 2,0 $ 2,3 $ 2,4 $ 2,6 $ 2,8 $ 3,1 $ 3,3 8%

Ultrafast Spectroscopy $ 16,8 $ 17,4 $ 18,1 $ 18,7 $ 19,3 $ 19,9 $ 20,5 $ 21,1 3%

Telecom Instrumentation $ 0,2 $ 0,2 $ 0,1 $ 0,1 $ 0,1 $ 0,1 $ 0,1 $ 0,1 -2%

Fiber Sensors $ 3,4 $ 3,9 $ 4,5 $ 5,2 $ 6,0 $ 6,9 $ 8,0 $ 9,2 15%

TOTAL $ 67,1 $ 76,9 $ 94,0 $ 131,6 $ 187,7 $ 338,8 $ 473,6 $ 554,5 39%

$-

$ 100,0

$ 200,0

$ 300,0

$ 400,0

$ 500,0

$ 600,0

Reve

nue (

$M

)

2019-2026 EEL Market Revenue Estimations ($M) -

Sensing Application - Split by Type

202020

Edge emitting

laser diode –

Application landscape

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CONTEXT

Types of lasers by type of gain medium

Diode lasers

EEL used as a light source

Types of lasers

Fiber lasers

Gas lasers

(3.9 nm – 10.6 μm)

Semiconductor material

Crystals, Glass, Ceramics

doped with rare earth ions

Nd +, Yb +, Er +…)

Optical Glass Fibers

doped with rare earth

ions Nd +, Yb +, Er +…)

Diode-pumped solid-state

laser (DPSSL)

Pumped by EEL generating

high output powers

EEL

usage

Semiconductor

Lasers (0.33 – 11 μm)Solid State Lasers (0.17 – 360 μm)

Gain

media

Lasers based on gases or plasma as gain

media

Direct light emission• Helium–neon lasers (He–Ne lasers)

• Carbon dioxide lasers (CO2 lasers)

• Carbon monoxide lasers (CO lasers)

• Krypton ion lasers

• Argon ion lasers

• Nitrogen lasers

• Excimer lasers

• Hydrogen lasers

• Copper vapor lasers

212121Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL MARKET SEGMENT

Edge Emitting Laser (EEL) diode applications - As a function of laser technology

MATERIAL

PROCESSING

• kW

• Cutting

• Welding/Brazing

• Cladding

• Micro

• Fine processing

• Processing

semiconductors

• Marking

• Additive

manufacturing

MEDICAL

• Ophthalmic

• Dermatologic

• Surgical

• Dentistry

OPTICAL

COMMUNICATION

• Transceivers

• Active Optical Cables

• Optical amplifiers

• Optical Switches

DISPLAY &

LIGHTING

• Display

• TV, Cinema

• Lighting

• Automotive

• General

SENSING

• Fiber Optic Sensing

• Telecom

Instrumentation

• Ultrafast laser

spectroscopy

• Mid-IR spectroscopy

• Flow cytometry

• Machine vision

• LiDAR

xx

xx

xx

Pumped Lasers

xxxxxx

xx

Injection Laser Diode

Tech

no

logy

Ap

plicati

on

sM

ark

et

segm

en

ts

xx

222222

Diode lasers

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CONTEXT

Where is EEL positioned within different types of lasers – Overview

FIBER LASERS(fiber-optic versions of solid-

state lasers)

DPSSL

Diode-pumped solid-state

laser

SOLID-STATE LASERSSEMICONDUCTOR

LASERS

EEL

EELs are semiconductor

lasers

EELs re a type of laser diode:

semiconductor component

EELs are core

of diode lasers

VCSEL

Laser diodes

Pulsed

CW

EELs are pumping source for

DPSSLs and fiber Lasers

Pulsed CW

Courtesy of RPMC

Courtesy of IPG

Courtesy of Coherent

232323Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Highlights of selected laser end-solutions and their forecast through to 2026

MATERIAL

PROCESSING

OPTICAL

COMMUNICATION

DISPLAY

SENSING

LIGHTING

2021 2026Market segments

&

24

TelecomDatacom

xxOperating environments xx

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

Inside the optical communication industry

Historically, the photonics industry has been strongly influenced by Telecom. However, the market is now being driven by new cloud-based Datacom models.

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HighInstallation costs xx

Medium-LowDeployment unit volume High

xxForecast visibility from

equipment providersPoor

xxUpgrade cycle

xx

SlowPace of innovation xx

xxCost sensitivity xx

252525Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS – DATACOM

Status of migration to higher speed in optical transceiver datacom

it in t e data cente ac s

et een data cente ac s

ata ente nte connect

it na e ase

Starting to be deployed

Volume ramp

eing deployed

9

o e ent

o e ent

i icon otonics

domain

m m

400G

Faster internet• Technology advances become

available.• Faster interfaces allow

throughput improvements on both the electrical and optical sides.

• Price performance of hyperscalers.

• New technology

• Applications

• Compatibility

• New business models

262626Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION –TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

Possible designs of EEL – Optical communication applications

Fabry Pérot (FP) lasers

• Facets are obtained by simply cleaving the materials along a cleavage plane which results in an extremely flat surface acting as mirror.

• Multiple longitudinal modes, due to lack of longitudinal confinement.

Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) lasers

• Instead of cleaved facets in FP lasers, etched gratings are used for reflection at the short ends in DBR lasers allowing selection of a specific wavelength.

• DBR lasers offer both longitudinal and transversal mode selection.

Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers

• In DFB lasers, the diffraction grating is integrated in the active region.

• This allows reflection of only a narrow band of wavelengths producing a single longitudinal lasing mode.

Directly Modulated (DML) lasers

• DMLs use distributed feedback structure with a diffraction grating in the waveguide for stable operation for direct modulation.

• The optical beam is modulated by the injection current. This current is generated by a driver IC and is directly applied to the laser diode chip to output a modulated optical signal.

Electro-absorption Modulated (EML) lasers

• EML is a laser diode integrated with an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) in a single chip.

• The laser diode operates under a CW mode, and input voltage on/off signals are applied to the EAM to generate optical output signals.

• EML has smaller chromatic dispersion with a stable wavelength under high-speed operation, because the injection current to the laser section is not modulated.

Integrated Laser Mach Zehnder (ILMZ) chip

• The light emitted by a CW laser is coupled into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

• Both transparent arms of Mach-Zehnder modulator operating at wavelength of 1550 nm are coupled into a unique output waveguide.

272727

CPO assembly:

• High density organic substrate

• Switch IC

• 8x optical modules

• 3x fiber arrays (Tx, Rx, ELS)

• ELS (External Light Source): 1x high power CW laser array (4x EML)

• Polarization Maintaining single-mode fiber for ELS

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OPTICAL COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS – DATACOM & TELECOM

Co-packaged Optics (CPO)/On-Board Optics (OBO)

ELS

ELS ELS

ELS

ELS

ELSELS

ELS

ELSTx

Rx

Optical module

CPO 51,2 Tbps CPO 51,2 Tbps CPO 25,6 Tbps

Optical modules xx xx xx

ELS number xx xx xx

Number of lasers per

1 ELSxx xx xx

Number of fibers

from ELSxx xx xx

Number of

wavelenghts from ELSxx xx xx

Number of lanes

supported by 1 laserxx xx xx

28

SENSING APPLICATIONS

Drivers – LiDAR & Machine vision

Semiconductor laser devices gain importance as the LiDAR and machine vision markets mature.

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Defense &

Aerospace

Automotive

Industrial

LiDAR

Drivers DevicesEnd-markets

LiDAR

LiDAR

&

Machine vision

Source: TDK

Source: OSRAM

292929Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

SENSING –TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

Typical lasers used for 3D sensing (1/2)

VCSEL DFB-Edge Emitter Fabry-Pérot Edge Emitters

Narrow bandwidth

Efficiency (WPE)

Output beam

xx xx xx

xx

Circular Elliptical Elliptical

xxWavelength stabilization with temperature

xx xx

xx xx

Many factors come into

consideration when

selecting the ideal diode

laser for an application.

Power range 200 mW – to 10s of W 200 mW – to 10s of W 200 mW – to 10s of W

Applications Short-range (<10 m) Long-range Long-range

Emission uniformity xx xx xx

Typical wavelength 850 nm; 940nm 1550 nm (<1 km) 940 nm (~200 m)

Grating mirrors

Output

beam

Active

layer

Output beam

Active

layer

Wavelength

grating

CladdingActive

layerOutput beam

Cladding

30

MATERIAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS

Drivers – new applications

Semiconductor lasers play animportant role in traditional as well as new material processing applications due to their higherefficiency and design flexibility.

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Traditional applications

Gas Lasers Solid-state lasers

New applications

Semiconductor

lasers

• Additive Manufacturing

• Fine material processing

• Micro-electronics

• Display

• Medical devices

• KW material processing

• Welding

• Cutting

• Cladding

Technology and application evolution

Tech

nolo

gy

evo

lution

Applic

atio

n

evo

lution

Pumping source

313131

• With DPSSL lasers, material processing is expensive due to their low efficiency, high capital cost (Nd:YAG) and maintenancecost.

• Fiber lasers are well-suited for a variety of material processing applications. The high-quality beam is especially useful fordrilling, cutting and welding.

• The recent advances in HPDL (High Power Diode Laser) technology bring the available power to a level usable by a widerange of material processing applications. In the heat-treatment niche, this type of laser overcomes the most significantdisadvantages of both CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers and enhances laser’s advantages over conventional processes.

• High-power, multimode laser diodes are workhorses for many industrial applications. They are used as tools for cutting, welding,sintering and soldering various materials and as pump sources for fiber, disk and solid-state lasers.

• Laser diodes will certainly increase in power, and we’ll see dramatic improvements in their beam quality. Lasers that are widelydiscussed today, such as fiber and disk types, will be replaced by direct diode systems for many applications.

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KILOWATT MATERIAL PROCESSING –TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

Typical laser characteristics for KW material processing applications

Wavelength

(μm)

Output

power

Overall

efficiency

Beam

quality

Form

factor

Initial

cost

Operating

cost

Maintenance

period

Lifetime

CO2 10,6 < 12kW xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

Nd:YAG

(DPSSL)1,06 < 10kW xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

Nd:Glass

(Fiber laser)1,06 < 20kW xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

Diode Laser 0,8 < 5KW xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

Advantageous DisadvantageousModerate

32

KILOWATT MATERIAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS

Focus on additive manufacturing (i.e. 3D printing) 1/5

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are typically broken into seven categories according to ASTM Standard F2792.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM)

Binder

jetting

Directed energy

deposition

Laser type

Material

extrusionMaterial jettingCategory

Powder bed

fusion

Sheet

lamination

Vat

photopolymerisationP

rocess

es

3DP – Three dimensional printing

DMD – Direct metal deposition

FDM – Fused Deposition Modelling

AJ – Aerosol Jet

PBE – Pressure-based Extrusion

SLM – Selective laser melting

SLS – Selective laser sintering

SLA – Stereolithography

33

MICRO MATERIAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS (INCLUDING MARKING)

Focus on semiconductor material processing (2/5) – Front-end process

The term ‘front-end’ refers to the production of semiconductor devices which occurs prior to packaging.

• As semiconductor device geometries decrease in size, devices become increasingly susceptible to smaller defectsduring each phase of the manufacturing process.These defects can negatively impact yield.

• Using defect detection and inspection techniques that are closely linked to the manufacturing process have becomeinevitable as a response to the increasing vulnerability of semiconductor devices to small defects.

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Laser Ablation Laser Inspection Laser LithographyWafer and Reticle

InspectionPulsed Laser Deposition

Lase

r ty

pe

Ap

plicati

on

ch

ara

cte

rist

ics

* Although gas lasers have been directly compared with other laser technologies in this report, gas lasers are not included in market data or other quantitative analyses because

their construction is not based on semiconductor diodes.

343434Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Classification of semiconductor lasers by application

Medical

Ophthalmology

Ultrashort pulse lasers

Femtosecond laser

Dermatology Surgery

Holmium:

YAG laser

Thulium

fiber laser

Dentistry

Erbium

laser

Nd: Glass

laser

Applications

Laser type

Specific laser

types

Market segment

Solid-state lasers

Fiber laserDPSSL Fiber laserDiode laser

(HPDDL)

Semiconductor

lasers

Solid-state

lasers

Diode laser

(HPDDL)

Semiconductor

lasers

Fiber laser

Solid-state

lasers

Diode laser

(HPDDL)

Semiconductor

lasers

Fiber laser

Solid-state

lasers

35

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Focus on ophthalmology

Ophthalmology was the first medical field where lasers found an application.

• Over more than five decades, the use of lasers in ophthalmology has successfully shown effective and saferesults in treating various eye conditions. Whether lasers are used to correct vision or repair damagedue to degenerative diseases, the optimal laser type, wavelength, and pulse length are required.

• Laser surgery can successfully treat many diseases or conditions, including retinal tears and detachment,diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Laser surgery can prevent loss of sight orprovide improvements in vision.

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Principle of Refractive Eye Surgery

Principle of Clouding Treatment

Principle of Retinal

(Micro) Coagulation

Ophtalmology

Lase

r ty

pe

Ap

plicati

on

ch

ara

cte

rist

ics

Refractive Eye Surgery Clouding Treatment Retinal (Micro) Coagulation

363636Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

DISPLAY AND LIGHTING APPLICATIONS

Drivers

• Small size

• High luminous flux

• 4x higher brightness

than LED

DriversDevices End-markets

Red, Green, Blue

laser diode

Automotive

TV & Cinema

Lighting

HUD

Display

37

DISPLAY AND LIGHTING –TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

Automotive Lighting – System resolution vs. System efficiency

Following the sustainability megatrend, low power consumption and thus reduced CO2 has been achieved by increasing the efficiency of new technologies such as LEDs and lasers.

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DMD

LCD Laser MEMS

scanner

µAFS Gen. 2

µAFS Gen. 1

Single/Double row

matrix Gen. 2Single/Double row

matrix Gen. 1

LARP

Laser Diode

Point LED

sourceXenonHalogen

Lig

hti

ng s

yst

em

reso

luti

on

(P

ixels

)

System efficiency (lm/W)

Current laser

applications

383838Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL TECHNOLOGY

Semiconductor laser – EEL vs. VCSEL –Attributes and parameters (1/2)

EEL VCSEL

Wavelength

Any material systems

650, 780, 850, 1300, 1500 nm

low to mederate yield

Primarily GaAs device

650 nm low yield

850 nm high yield

940 nm high yield

1300 nm very low yield

Speed Tens of GHz Tens of GHz

Optical beam

• Asymetric and divergent

• xx

• xx

• Symetric and low divergence

• xx

• xx

Electrical to optical power

conversionModerate (xx%) High (xx%)

Modal characteristics Single or multimode Single or multimode

Processing

• Complex heteropetaxy growth

• xx

• xx

• xx

• Very complex heteropetaxy growth

• xx

• xx

393939Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL TECHNOLOGY

Different possible designs of EEL – Overview 1/2

Source of Illustrations: FBH Berlin

Fabry Pérot (FP) Laser

Ridge Waveguide Laser

Distributed Bragg Reflector

(DBR) Laser Tunable Laser Distributed Feedback (DFB) Laser

Concept

404040Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL TECHNOLOGY

Challenges – Epitaxy

Negative impact on peak

power and efficiency

Diode laser blocking points

Device failure

Fundamental loss

mechanisms

✓ Reliability has been solved

Introduced asymmetries in the

structure design

Current blocking technology for

either side of lateral structure

Root cause analysis

&

Solutions

Inventions

protected by

patent portfolio

414141Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL INDUSTRY

Where do semiconductor lasers go?

EEL

Optical

communication

Material

processing

MedicalSensing

Datacom & Telecom Industry

• Data center operators &

National mobile operators

• Equipment suppliers

• Optical modules suppliers

• Component manufacturers

Mat. Processing Industry

• General Manufacturing

• Automotive manufacturing

• Heavy Industry

• Aerospace

• Additive Manufacturing

• Semiconductor &

Microelectronics

Highly diversified

EEL marketLargest EEL market

Highest growing

EEL market

Very promising

market

Sensing

• LiDAR in Automotive

• ADAS

• Autonomous

• LiDAR & Machine vision in

Industrial market

• Logistics

• Factory automation

• Spectroscopy in R&D

Medical

• Ophtalmology

• Dermatology

• Surgery

• Dentistry

• Hospitals

• Clinics

• Ambulances

424242

Material processing

Laser components

Laser module Laser (sub-) system

Laser tool

EEL INDUSTRY

Player positioning –Vertical integration in the laser industry

Vertically

integrated

players

Mostly xx segment

Mostly xx segment

Mostly xx segments

Typical players

Typical players

Typical players

Typical players

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434343Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL INDUSTRY

Player positioning by market segment

MAT. PROCESSING MEDICAL OPTICAL

COMMUNICATION

DISPLAY &

LIGHTING

SENSING

Material

processing

Laser

components

Laser

module

Laser

(sub-)system

Laser

tool

Vertically integrated

optical transceivers

players

Vertically integrated

medical laser system

players

LiDAR players adopting EELs

Typ

ical p

layers

Typ

ical p

layers Typical

players

Typical players

Typical players Typical players

Typical players Typical players

Typical players

Automotive players adopting

EELs

Fully vertically

integrated mat.

processing laser

machine players

Vertically

integrated mat.

processing laser

system players

444444Edge Emitting Lasers - Technology and Market Trends 2021 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2021

EEL INDUSTRY

Benefits of vertical integration – focus on EELs as component

Business

• Competitive advantages

• Enhanced ability to

increase the power and

functionality of products

• Low cost manufacturing

Production

Large internal capabilities

to produce and test

semiconductor diode

chips for particular laser

modules/(sub-)systems

Epitaxy

• MBE & MOCVD wafer

growth systems

• Proprietary recipes and

reactor settings to grow

GaN, GaAs and InP

wafers

• Wafer process equipment,

facet passivation and coating

techniques

• In-house automated equipment

and proprietary processes for

packaging

• produce micro optics

and package mechanical

subcomponents

internally

Device processing

Testing

• To ensure long-term PLD

reliability

• Some equipment can be

designed and manufactured

internally enabling a lower

manufacturing cost

454545

EEL INDUSTRY – RECENT CONSOLIDATION

Consolidation trends in the photonics industry are having impacts on different end-products and their integrators.

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Autonomous vehicle technologiesSmartphones/Tablets

3D sensing Display

Excimer Laser

Battery

En

d-s

yst

em

Su

b-s

yst

em

/

Mo

du

le

Micro-chips

Lase

r

Co

nso

lid

ati

on

stra

tegy

GAFAM

Datacenters

Optical Transceivers

Component Tool Tools Component

VCSEL VCSEL/EELDifferent Laser Systems

Display

Excimer Laser

Tool

3D sensing

Component

EEL/VCSEL

Coherent opted for II-VI due to small competitive overlaps and diversified opportunities through

complementary technology platforms

46

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

46

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

46

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications 2020

VCSELs – Market and Technology Trends 2020

Optical Transceivers for Datacom & Telecom 2020

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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED ANALYSES

Yole Développement

47

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

47

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

47

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

Intel Silicon Photonic 100G CWDM4 QFSP28 Transceiver

II-VI/Finisar 100Gb CWDM4 Optical Transceiver

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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED ANALYSES

System Plus Consulting

48

Yole Group of Companies, including Yole Développement,

System Plus Consulting and PISEO, are pleased to provide

you a glimpse of our accumulated knowledge.

We invite you to share our data with your own network,

within your presentations, press releases, dedicated

articles and more, but you first need approval from Yole

Public Relations department.

If you are interested, feel free to contact us right now!

We will also be more than happy to give you updated data

and appropriate formats.

Your contact: Sandrine Leroy, Dir. Public Relations

Email: leroy@yole.fr

HOW TO USE OUR DATA?

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49About Yole Développement | www.yole.fr | ©2020

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