Chapter 01: Communication in the 21st CenturyTest Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. People for whom technologies already existed when they were born are referred to as ______.a. millennialsb. virtual pioneersc. digital nativesd. digital immigrants

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Knowledge

2. Today, there is deep permeation of communication, technology, and media in our daily lives, as part of the ______ Age.a. Communicationb. Informationc. Technologyd. Digital

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Comprehension

3. People who have learned and adopted digital technologies later in life, as opposed to being exposed to those technologies during childhood, are known as ______.a. digital immigrantsb. media amateursc. digital nativesd. computer immigrants

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Comprehension

4. Which of the following technologies did NOT exist for digital immigrants when they were born?a. Internetb. Moviesc. Record playersd. Cameras

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Application

5. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the permeation of communication, technology, and media into everyday life?a. Being able to instantly access information

b. Easily staying in touch with friendsc. The convenience and efficiency of having readily available technology for

communicatingd. The availability of communication technologies while driving

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Analysis

6. Maria just purchased a new cell phone and is struggling to understand how to download apps. Juan, Maria’s son, has been downloading apps for years and teaches his mother how to do so. According to the text, Juan can be considered a ______, while Maria can be considered a ______.a. tech savant, noviceb. digital instructor, digital learnerc. digital native, digital immigrantd. digital immigrant, digital native

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Analysis

7. ______ refers to the notion that communication requires the involvement of others.a. Communication involves messagesb. Communication is collaborativec. Communication is participatoryd. Communication is a process

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Comprehension

8. When individuals communicate over time, they use past messages to influence the nature and interpretation of present and future messages. This demonstrates how communication ______.a. is collaborativeb. involves messagesc. is creatived. is a process

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Comprehension

9. ______ is the collaborative process of using messages to create and participate in social reality.a. Text messagingb. A group dynamicc. Communicationd. Collaboration

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Knowledge

10. Being labeled a loser may alter a person’s perceptions and reinforce self-destructive behaviors, taking part in and shaping his or her social reality. This best demonstrates that communication ______.a. is collaborativeb. involves messagesc. is participatoryd. is creative

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Analysis

11. Communication is a “we” activity in which people work jointly to create and share meaning. This best demonstrates that communication ______.a. is a processb. is collaborativec. involves messagesd. is static

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Comprehension

12. If Bethany calls her mother on the phone and shares her day’s experience, this is an example of which type of communication context?a. Face to faceb. Mediatedc. Distanced. Cognitive

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Application

13. Which of the following situations is an example of interpersonal communication?a. Mary gives a presentation to a large meeting.b. Simon listens to a radio show about his favorite hip-hop group.c. Liz comments on a friend’s Facebook status update.d. James talks to himself while he goes grocery shopping.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Application

14. Complex computer data-mining operations use all of your online activities (ranging from site visits to purchase histories to group memberships) to compile highly specific profiles of you that advertisers can use to customize or ______ their advertisements to you.a. broadcastb. narrowcastc. targetd. personalize

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Comprehension

15. What is the definition of interpersonal communication?a. Communication with or between personsb. Communication with oneselfc. Communication to the general publicd. Communication using technology

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Knowledge

16. Which of the following is NOT identified as a type of communication?a. Mediatedb. Small Groupc. Interpersonald. Publice. Telepathic

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Application

17. Which of the following CANNOT be classified as interpersonal communication?a. Reading a news update on a university websiteb. Resolving a conflict with a spousec. Negotiating the price of a car with a salespersond. Ordering a drink from a bartender

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Application

18. Feedback can be defined as ______.a. intentional noise that interrupts conversationsb. a linear, one-way flow of conversationc. the communicator’s perception of the speaking situationd. a receiver’s response to a sender’s message

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

19. Communication as ______ is a linear communication model involving a one-way transfer of information in which a source sends a message through a channel or a medium to a receiver.a. transactionb. interactionc. transmissiond. social construction

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

20. Manuel works at a coffee shop. He greets each customer with eye contact and a warm “hello.” If the order takes a few minutes, he acknowledges the customer wait time and apologizes for any inconvenience. Manuel displays a high level of ______.a. successful interactive styleb. speaking savvyc. socially constructive communicationd. communication competence

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Communication CompetenceOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Application

21. Which of the following does NOT fall under one’s field of experience that is brought into communication?a. Backgroundsb. Perceptionsc. Attitudesd. Dreams

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Application

22. The interaction metaphor can be described as which of the following?a. Communication shapes and creates the larger social realities in which we operate.b. A source sends a message through a channel to a receiver in a linear transfer of

information.c. Communication is a two-way process involving feedback and fields of experience.d. Communication involves transactions and exchanges that impact the people

involved.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

23. Which of the following metaphors was developed first?a. Social construction metaphorb. Interaction metaphorc. Transmission metaphord. Transaction metaphor

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

24. Communication as transmission describes communication as a ______, ______ transfer of information.a. linear, one-wayb. linear, two-wayc. circular, one-wayd. circular, two-way

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication Metaphors

OBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

25. Isabella’s teachers always told her she would grow up to be a nurse because she always seemed to be genuinely concerned and empathetic for the physical and mental well-being of her peers. Isabella began believing she would become a nurse, based on the feedback, and ultimately chose nursing as a major in college. From a communication metaphor standpoint, Isabella’s influence to become nurse falls under the ______ metaphor.a. transmissionb. transactionc. interactiond. social construction

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Application

26. Which of the following is the most recent communication metaphor to evolve?a. Communication as transmissionb. Communication as interactionc. Communication as transactiond. Communication as social construction

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

27. According to the communication philosopher and ethicist Jürgen Habermas, ethical communication is that which promotes ______ and ______.a. dependence; freedomb. autonomy; responsibilityc. freedom; exemptiond. groupthink; empowerment

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

28. Viewing communication as a process of social construction requires an appreciation of both ______ (the power and freedom to use communication to create the social realities we desire) and ______ (the limitations inherent in our social realities).a. agency; constraintb. democracy; lawc. possibility; dangerd. voice; control

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

29. Participating actively in groups as well as sharing in the activities of groups can be described as ______.

a. linkingb. engagingc. communicatingd. accenting

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MediumREF: Connecting and Engaging in CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

30. Which of the following is an example of using ethical communication in relation to the interaction metaphor?a. Sending a text message to a friend while on a first dateb. A boss reprimanding an employee in front of others then walking awayc. Having a face-to-face meeting with a boss to discuss a recent performance reviewd. Posting Instagram photos while at a funeral

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: HardREF: Evaluating Ethical CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Application

31. When an individual feels his or her right to make choices has been taken away, he or she no longer has ______.a. responsibilityb. interactionc. connectiond. autonomy

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

32. Agency and constraint must both be appreciated when viewing communication through which metaphor?a. Transmissionb. Interactionc. Social constructiond. Transaction

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

33. Having an orientation toward others that always views them as potential partners in the creation and negotiation of social reality is required in ______.a. engagingb. connectingc. disassociatingd. portraying

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MediumREF: Connecting and Engaging in Communication

OBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

34. Which of the following does the book list as a benefit of studying communication? (check all that apply)a. Associated with physical, emotional, and psychological well-beingb. Among the most valuable abilities employees can possess, according to employersc. Assist you in your analytical skills when solving puzzles and gamesd. Promotes media literacye. Helps drive social change and reformf. Influences personal and social relationships

ANS: A, B, D, E, F PTS: 1 DIF: MediumREF: Benefits of Studying CommunicationOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Comprehension

35. Which of the following are phrases associated with communication? (check all that apply)a. Communication is linear.b. Communication is static.c. Communication is collaborative.d. Communication involves messages.e. Communication is creative.

ANS: C, D, E PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Application

36. In Marco’s English class, Marco’s professor asked the class to get into small groups to brainstorm topics for their final papers. After they talked about the papers, they also decided to exchange phone numbers to find time outside of class to study together for the upcoming exam. They texted each other that evening to set up a time to study. What type(s) of communication did Marco and his classmates engage in? (check all that apply)a. Face to faceb. Mediatedc. Publicd. Small Groupe. Mass

ANS: A, B, D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Analysis

37. Which of the following is considered masspersonal communication? (check all that apply)a. The Obama campaign using text messages to announce campaign decisionsb. An ad on your Facebook page featuring a discount for the pocketbook you just

viewed on another sitec. The nightly news on a television channel you flipped tod. A GoFundMe page soliciting donations for an uncle who needs medical aide. An engagement announcement on a friend’s Facebook wall

ANS: A, B, D, E PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Application

38. Which of the following occurred in the evolution of communication metaphors? (check all that apply)a. Communication was described as a one-way transfer of information.b. Ideas of communication broadened to understand impacts on participants in a

communication transaction.c. Descriptions of communication acknowledged its role in the creation of social

reality.d. Communication was described as something that could occur without participants.e. Communication was examined via artwork.

ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Analysis

39. In which of the following locations should one practice ethical communication? (check all that apply)a. In the workplaceb. When interacting with familyc. In the classroomd. At worke. In our online presence

ANS: A, B, C, D, E PTS: 1 DIF: EasyREF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Knowledge

TRUE/FALSE

40. True or False: Convergence introduces new challenges in our daily communication.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Comprehension

41. True or False: In the Communication Age, we maintain both a bodily and digital existence.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Comprehension

42. True or False: Communication is creative.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Knowledge

43. True or False: Mediated communication is defined as communication or messages that are transmitted through some type of medium.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Knowledge

44. True or False: Public communication is defined as a situation in which a person delivers a message to an audience.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Knowledge

45. True or False: A pair or dyad is considered a small group.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Comprehension

46. True or False: “The information superhighway” is known as a communication metaphor used to describe the Internet.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

47. True or False: The transmission metaphor expands the role of communicators beyond sender-receivers to joint creators of our larger shared social worlds.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Knowledge

48. True or False: The attitudes, perceptions, and backgrounds each of us brings to communication are referred to as fields of experience.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Knowledge

49. True or False: The social construction metaphor describes participants as simultaneous senders-receivers linked in relationship to one another.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Knowledge

50. True or False: Engagement refers to the power of communication to link and relate us to people, communities, social institutions, and cultures.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: EasyREF: Connecting and Engaging in CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Knowledge

51. True or False: One of the ways we can harness the power of communication for the greater good is by engaging in communication activism, or the direct, energetic action in support of needed social change for individuals, groups, organizations, and communities.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Knowledge

52. True or False: In today’s society, the words we choose, the images we portray, and the stereotypes we hold require us to be more sensitive than ever to the impact we have on others.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

SHORT ANSWER

53. How has the relationship between face-to-face and mediated communication changed with the digital-native generation?

ANS:Face-to-face and mediated communication used to be treated as distinct and separate modes of interaction, and now they are intimately connected.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Analysis

54. What is the difference between a digital native and a digital immigrant?

ANS:Digital natives are people for whom technologies such as computers, cell phones, video games, and digital cameras already existed when they were born. Digital immigrants, those a little older than digital natives, are people who have adopted and learned digital technologies later in life.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Application

55. What technologies may have existed for digital natives when they were born that did not exist for digital immigrants?

ANS:Cell phones, personal computers, computerized video games, digital cameras, and the Internet

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Application

56. How are social realities formed?

ANS:Through social interactions (alternate: through communication between individuals)

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Comprehension

57. Which type of communication historically has tended to be the most impersonal in nature and why?

ANS:Mass communication is the most impersonal because it is produced by few and directed toward large and diverse audiences. It is typically transmitted through electronic and print media and includes television, radio, newspapers, and magazines.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Analysis

58. Rajiv and Natalie met at a fraternity party and engaged in small talk. The next day, Rajiv friended Natalie on Facebook and texted her to ask her on a date. How would you classify their interactions with respect to types of communication used so far in their relationship?

ANS:Their interpersonal communication started out face to face at the fraternity party, and then it moved onto mediated communication the following day using text and social media.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Application

59. Describe what feedback is in the interaction metaphor and why feedback is beneficial.

ANS:Feedback refers to a receiver’s response to a sender’s message. Because of feedback, senders are able to adapt their messages in real time to increase chances of communication success.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Analysis

60. What is the importance of the content and relationship dimensions in the transaction model of communication?

ANS:The content dimension refers to the surface-level meaning or what is said in its simplest form, and the relationship dimension refers to how a message is stated, which always conveys something about the relationship between participants. It is important to note that content is largely perceived in the context of the relationship of the participants and how messages have been conveyed in the relationship previously.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Application

61. What is an example of way to become involved in communication activism?

ANS:An example of direct, energetic action (picketing, Facebook group, fundraiser, etc.) to increase awareness of a social issue that needs change for an individual, a group, an organization, or a community

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Connecting and Engaging in CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Application

62. What ethical standards must be upheld when viewing communication through the transmission metaphor?

ANS:The message must be honest and truthfully represent the real state of affairs. The personal character of the sender and the factual integrity of the message are of utmost importance.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Evaluating Ethical CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Analysis

COMPLETION

63. ______ can be defined as “ways in which the many forms of technologically mediated and face-to-face communication overlap and intersect in our daily lives.”

ANS: Convergence

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Knowledge

64. A digital ______ is a term used to refer to people who have adopted and learned digital technologies later in life.

ANS: immigrant

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Knowledge

65. Interpersonal communication via telephone, e-mail, or text message is part of ______ communication.

ANS: mediated

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Comprehension

66. When interpersonal communication channels are used for mass communication, including mass text messages and computer-generated telephone calls, the communication is referred to as ______ communication.

ANS: masspersonal

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Comprehension

67. ______ is the ability to communicate in a socially appropriate and personally effective manner.

ANS: Communication competence

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Communication CompetenceOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Knowledge

68. The distinguishing principle behind communication as ______ is that it did away with the idea of a separate sender and receiver and instead viewed participants as simultaneous sender-receivers linked in a relationship with one another.

ANS: transaction

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Comprehension

69. ______ refers to the power of communication to link and relate us to people, groups, communities, social institutions, and cultures.

ANS: Connecting

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Connecting and Engaging in CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Knowledge

70. ______, in its simplest term, relates to right and wrong conduct.

ANS: Ethics

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Comprehension

ESSAY

71. What is convergence? List one advantage and one disadvantage of communication convergence in the Communication Age.

ANS:Convergence refers to the coming together of the many forms of technologically mediated and face-to-face communication. One advantage is the positive potential for connecting and engaging afforded by the massive increase in the number and types of opportunities to connect with others. One disadvantage is that as we multitask to take full advantage of technology, media, and communication, we may feel easily distracted, overcommitted, or spread too thin, effectively scattering our potential.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Communication AgeOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Analysis

72. How does studying communication benefit you outside of your immediate relationships?

ANS:Studying communication helps you become an active participant in democratic society. It also can help drive social change and reform because you become a skilled listener and can analyze others’ communication effectively. Furthermore, communication skills are critical to building healthy and vibrant communities. Finally, studying communication can help one effectively evaluate media and develop media literacy.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: The Benefits of Studying CommunicationOBJ: 1-1 Understand the nature and characteristics of the Communication Age.COG: Analysis

73. Describe what is meant by “communication makes and does.”

ANS:Communication is used to construct our social realities. Social realities emerge through social interaction. Communication can actually alter our perceptions of the world and be used as an instrument to accomplish tasks such as persuading, informing, supporting, and entertaining. It involves both creation and participation and is dual natured.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: What Is Communication?OBJ: 1-2 Define Communication. COG: Analysis

74. What is masspersonal communication? Provide an example of masspersonal communication.

ANS:Masspersonal communication occurs when a person uses a mass-communication context for interpersonal communication or when a person uses an interpersonal-communication context for mass communication. One historical example is when President Obama was the first presidential nominee to unveil his vice presidential pick (mass communication) through social media and e-mail blasts (through an interpersonal context).

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.

COG: Application

75. Describe, through an example, how each of the following forms of communication might be practiced in your college experience: interpersonal, small group, public, mass, and masspersonal.

ANS:Interpersonal may include conversations, e-mails, and phone calls with roommates, professors, teammates. Small group may include group projects in classes, strategies in a sports team, and fundraisers in clubs and organizations. Public communication might be seen at a commencement address or in a public-speaking class. Mass communication might occur through a college radio or television station. Masspersonal communication could be departments and organizations, Facebook pages, Twitter sites, or Instagram.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Contexts of CommunicationOBJ: 1-3 Identify the various contexts within which communication occurs.COG: Analysis

76. Which metaphor for communication assumes that we become who we are in relation to others through communication and that the process of communication is the chief means by which we build the social world? Provide an example of the power of communication as seen through this metaphorical lens.

ANS:Communication as social construction expands upon the insights of the other models. One example of the power of communication as social construction is in labeling practices with children. For example, research demonstrates that labeling children academically gifted (even when they aren’t!) has dramatic effects. Teachers and parents treat such children differently, the children think of themselves differently, and most importantly, the children actually achieve better academic results.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Application

77. Why are communication metaphors important to study?

ANS:Communication metaphors matter because they acknowledge the sheer power of communication. Each metaphor builds on the last and recognizes the influences on communication and how dramatic the impact of communication is on all individuals. It is important to understand how the metaphor one chooses to adopt can be applied to real-life situations. For example, communication as transmission may be viewed as useful in a corporate e-mail, which is linear by nature, but not in a meaningful personal conversation between loved ones that depends on fields of experience and social realities surrounding the situation.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication MetaphorsOBJ: 1-4 Describe metaphors used to describe communication.COG: Analysis

78. Why is the study of communication ethics important?

ANS:The topic of communication ethics is important because ethical communication enhances the well-being of individuals and society. As communicators, we must concern ourselves with the ethical responsibilities of living in a democratic society. We must also consider communication ethics in the workplace, the family, the classroom, and the professions. Our increasingly technological, global, and multicultural society requires us to be ever more sensitive to the impact of the words we choose, the images we portray, and the stereotypes we hold.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Communication EthicsOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Analysis

79. How does communication help fulfill the deeply held, heartfelt desires written about by communication theorist Gregory Shepard “that we have some say in the future, some measure of influence on our destiny” and “that we are not alone.”

ANS:Communication connects us and ensures we are not alone. Through communication, we build common ground, relationships, and a shared vision of reality. It engages us and ensures that we have a hand in shaping our own destinies. Through communication, we participate and offer our own contribution in the realities and the futures we seek. Communication enables us to bring an element from the realm of potential to the realm of the actual as we speak realities into being.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Connecting and Engaging in CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Analysis

80. Why is simply connecting not enough to fully realize the potential of communication in transforming our identities, relationships, communities, and social realities?

ANS:While we can easily connect through the touch of a button to anyone at any time via our mobile phones and computers, simply connecting does not mean we are fully engaged with another individual. We must both connect and engage to fully participate and create our social reality, which is fundamental to being competent communicators. By engaging, we share in the activities of the group and jointly create and negotiate social reality. Engagement deepens relationships.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Connecting and Engaging in CommunicationOBJ: 1-5 Explain the importance of considering the ethics of communication.COG: Analysis