EDISON & FORDIn 1891 Henry Ford worked for Thomas Edison and they became friendsEdison initially encouraged Ford to build combustion engine carsBut Edison worked to improve batteries, some for EVsEdison later said about motor cars: “Electricity is the thing. There are no whirring and grinding gears, with their numerous levers to confuse. There is not that almost terrifying uncertain throb and whirr of the powerful combustion engine. There is no water circulating system to get out of order - no dangerous and evil smelling gasoline, and no noise!”Ford went on to create the Model A and Model T then announced he would manufacture an Edison-Ford electric car. Alas this never came to pass as Edison could not make good on his promise for a lightweight, durable battery. Electric vehicles predate them both - the first prototype was in 1828

THE FUTURE?

ELECTRIC VEHICLESTom Hunt

Renew. lllawarra Branch Feb 2019

RISE OF THE MOTOR CAR

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_

industry

Production volume (1000 vehicles)

WHY I WANTED TO GO EVAverage Australian Car - 15,500 km/yrAverage fuel efficiency - 11.9 li/100km*

So use 1,850 litres of fuel/yr Burn 3.5 tonnes of oxygen

Create 4.25 tonnes of CO2 (petrol)or 5 tonnes of CO2 (diesel)

Other data from the ABS

• There were 19.2 million registered motor vehicles in Australia as at 31 January 2018. • The national vehicle fleet grew by 2.1 per cent between 2017 and 2018. • Diesel powered vehicles constitute 23.4 per cent of the national fleet, up from 17.2 per cent in 2013.

* ABS stats, from bitre.gov.au/publications/2017/files/is_091.pdf

2007 Toyota Priusavg 4.8 li/100km, then

2.5 li/100km after conversion

2016 BMW i3130km ev range

+ range extender13,000 km

Avg 0.15 li/100km

WHATS NEEDED FOR CHARGING STATIONS

1)Make it easy to find the charging stations - A failsafe location system?

2)Devote the parking spots (dont let us be ICE’d out)

3)Front or rear parking.

4)Accurate information, good instructions and signage.

5)Clear bright screens. Good holsters. Quality plugs.

6)Apps for all nations.

7)Accept all cards.

8)Robust network connections.

9)Backup options.

10)Test charger with all cars.

11)Public phone nearby.

12)Timely Maintenance.

2013 Holden Volt70km ev range

+ range extender16,000 km

Avg 1.3 li/100km

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?

gear box

engine

hydrocarbon fuel

air CO2 H2O +

electric motor

batteryElectricity

Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle

Hybrid(Toyota approach)

Electric Vehicle

enginegearbox, clutch

fuel tank carburettor/air-fuel sys

cooling systemexhaust systemstarter motor

alternator

engineextra ‘diff ’fuel tank

carburettor/air-fuel syscooling systemexhaust systemelectric motors

high voltage battery

electric motor/s

big battery with battery management system

battery charger

[battery cooling system]

engine

hydrocarbon fuel

CO2, H2O, +

electr. motor

elect. motor

battery

air

Internal Combustion Engine

VehicleHybrid

Plug-in Hybrid EV (PHEV) or EV + range extender

Electric Vehicle

energy comes from burning fuel

energy comes from burning fuel and reuse

Energy for ev range comes from electricity

source

All energy comes from electricity source

~20% efficiency ~30% efficiency ~40-50% efficiency ~60% efficiency

kinetic and height gain energy lost when braking

kinetic energy stored and reused

kinetic energy stored and reused

kinetic energy stored and reused

~6 li/100km ~4 li/100km ~2 li/100km +~9 kwh/100km

0 li +~18 kwh/100km

~$7.80 / 100km ~$5.20 / 100km ~$3.50-$5 / 100km ~$1.80-$4.80 / 100km

ENERGY USE - COST

According to the US Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, “EVs convert about 59%–62% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels. Conventional gasoline vehicles only convert about 17%–21% of the energy stored in gasoline to power at the wheels.”

Internal Combustion Engine

VehicleHybrid

Plug-in Hybrid EV (PHEV) or EV + range extender

Electric Vehicle

energy comes from burning fuel

energy comes from burning fuel and reuse

Energy for ev range comes from electricity

source

All energy comes from electricity source

~20% efficiency ~30% efficiency ~40-50% efficiency ~60% efficiency

kinetic and height gain energy lost when braking

kinetic energy stored and reused

kinetic energy stored and reused

kinetic energy stored and reused

~6 li/100km ~4 li/100km ~2 li/100km +~9 kwh/100km

0 li +~18 kwh/100km

~$7.80 / 100km ~$5.20 / 100km ~$3.50-$5 / 100km ~$1.80-$4.80 / 100km

FILLING UPStandard

SuperPremiumUnleaded92 Octane

E-10Diesel

AC DC

(CCS)(Type 1)

CHARGING SPEED

Standard power socket 10A

15A Power socket

1 phase x 30Aor

3 phase x 10AAC fast charging3 phase x 32A

Rapid ChargeHigh voltage DC

SuperchargerHigh voltage DC

2.4kW 3.6kW 7.2kW 22kW 50kW 120-350kW

10-15 km/hr(km range/hr of charging)

15-22 km/hr(km range/hr of charging)

30-45 km/hr (km range/hr of charging)

80-120 km/hr (km range/hr of charging)

200-300 km/hr (km range/hr of charging)

500-1500 km/hr (km range/hr of charging)

Short range car Overnight

Med. range car Overnight

Med range4 hours Hour or two Med range

< hourLong range car 20 minutes -

hour

WORKING IN WITH HOME

SYSTEMS

ELECTRICITY RATESC

ents

per

Kw

h

0

12.5

25

37.5

50

Time of day0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00

From Grid To Grid (normal) To Grid (special) Time of day

Off peak

Peak

Flat rate

Feed In Tariff

Special Feed In Tariff

Time-of-use rate

WHAT’S BEEN AVAILABLE IN AUSTRALIA?

The Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV$50,000 on road,

50km ev range, ~700km petrol range

Nissan LeafLaunched in 2010, it has sold over 360,000 units globally, making it the world’s best-selling full electric vehicle. 170km range~$52,000,

EV’S REGISTERED IN AUSTRALIAModel

Total2010–2017(1)

To April2017(1)

2016[38] 2015[38] 2014[38] 2013[38] 2012[38] 2011[38] 2010[30][39]

Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV 1,666 1 49 753 863 – – – –

Nissan Leaf 635 0 42 136 173 188 77 19 –

Tesla Model S(2) 323 ? 150 104(2) 69(2) – – – –

BMW i3 310 34 93 150 33 – – – –

Holden Volt 247 0 0 8 58 101 80 – –

Mitsubishi i MiEV 237 0 0 0 0 0 95 30 112

Mercedes-Benz C350e 230 54 168 8 – – – – –

Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid 138 0 77 58 3 – – – –

Audi A3 e-tron 128 60 60 8 – – – – –

BMW i8 102 6 32 61 3 – – – –

BMW 330e 102 28 74 – – – – – –

Volvo XC90 T8 98 26 72 – – – – – –

BMW X5 xDrive40e 78 2 60 16 – – – – –

Mercedes-Benz GLE500e 56 16 40 – – – – – –

Tesla Roadster 11 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 –

Renault Kangoo Z.E. 10 1 4 0 5 – – – –

Renault Fluence Z.E. 4 0 0 0 0 3 1 – –

Total registrations 4,420(3)

282 912 1,302 1,207 292 258 55 112

Notes: (1) 2017 figures as of 25 April. (2) Model S figures correspond only to registrations in New South Wales and Victoria (3)0.023% of 19 million carsSource: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Australia

PLUG IN EVS AVAILABLE IN AUSTRALIACompany Model Body Avail. Approx new Price Battery E Range Extender Notes

Audi e-tron SUV 2019 $140,000 95 kwh 400 kmBMW i3 5 Door Hatchback 2014 $78,000 31 kwh 200 km Option Earlier model 20kwh, 130kmBMW i3 - 2019 model 5 Door Hatchback 2019 $90,000da 42 kwh 260 km Option?

BMW i8 Sports Car 2015 $320,000 11 kwh 55 km PHEV

Holden Volt 5 Door Hatchback 2012 $60,000 16 kwh 70 km 1.4li gen No longer offered (2015)Hyundai Ionic Elite 5 Door Hatchback 2018 $50,000da 28 kwh 230 km 100kw fast charge Hyundai Ionic PHEV 5 Door Hatchback 2018 $41,000 9 kwh 60 km PHEV

Hyundai Kona Electric SUV 2019 $54,000+ 64 kwh 400 kmJaguar i-Pace EV400 SUV 2018 $119,000+ 90 kwh 480 km Can towKia e-Niro SUV 2019 $50,000? 39 kwh 312 km Also has 64kwh, 485km modelMini Countryman All4 SUV 2019 $56,000? 8 kwh 40 km PHEV

Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV SUV 2014 $46,000 12 kwh 50 km PHEV 5.3L/100 - no longer for saleMitsubishi iMiEV 5 Door Hatchback 2010 $49,000 16 kwh 130 km

Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV 2-4 Seat Van 2015 10 kwh 80 km 16kwh optionNissan Leaf 5 Door Hatchback 2001 $52,000 40 kwh 170 kmNissan Leaf version 2 5 Door Hatchback 2019 $52,000? 60 kwh 270 kmNissan e-NV200 Cargo / 7 seat van 2015 40 kwh 190 kmRenault Zoe 5 Door Hatchback 2018* $55,000da 41 kwh 300 km *Feb 2019 - Col Crawford Brookvale

Renault Kangoo Cargo Van 2018 $53,000+ 33 kwh 200 km Can towTesla Model S 4 Door Sedan (Saloon) 2014 $140,000+ 75 kwh 410 km Also 100kwh,520km optionTesla Model X 7 Seat SUV 2016 $165,000 75 kwh 350 km Can tow. Also 100kwh, 470km optionTesla Model 3 5 Door Hatchback 2019? $55,000? 50 kwh 350 km 410km and 500km options avail USAVolvo XC90 T8 7 seat SUV 2016 $125,000 8 kwh 40 km PHEV

Information collected from wikipedia and various other internet sources - accuracy is not guaranteed :)

TESLA NETWORK

NRMA NETWORK

CHARGING OPTIONS

CHARGING OPTIONS

NEWS

O n e b i l l i o n e l e c t r i c vehicles on road by 2040, predicts oil bodyGiles Parkinson, Renew Economy Even with conservative cost estimates, the IEA predicts one billion electric vehicles on the road by 2040 – half of all vehicles.

Canada electr ic vehicle sales going through roof Bridie Schmidt Sales of all EVs (pure and plug-in hybrid) in the calendar year to date has exceeded the previous three years combined.

AUSTRALIAN INITIATIVES

SALES GROWTH

BATTERY IMPROVEMENTS

EV PRICES MORE THAN ICE BUT DROPPING

CLIMATE COUNCIL REPORT ON TRANSPORT

CLIMATE CHANGE

Transport is Australia’s second largest source of greenhouse gas pollution (after electricity)Emissions growing each year85% road based, 60% cars & light commercials.

Australia is one of just a handful of OECD countries with no standards for greenhouse gas emissions from vehiclesBy 2025, an electric car is anticipated to be similar in terms of upfront cost compared to a conventional (petrol or diesel) vehicle. EV adoption held back by the lack of policy support or incentives

higher upfront costlack of choice of available electric vehicles for sale, and availability of public vehicle charging infrastructure.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY MAKERS

1. Federal & State govts should set targets for zero vehicle emissions2. Include pollution costs in transport infrastructure cost benefit analyses 3. Set mode shift targets (to public & active transport) 4. >50% infrastucture speanding on public and active transport5. Set targets for transition all vehicles to EVs, especially buses and govt fleets6. Contract additional renewable energy to power trains, light rail, buses7. Introduce strong vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards8. Encourage rollout of 100% renewable powered EV charging on major routes & regional areas 9. Put a price on pollution. Reflect cost of greenhouse gas pollution, 10. End government subsidies, incentives and support for fossil fuel use.

PROS CONSRecharge at home Recharge at home?

Lower cost energy Shorter range (for now)

Less cost to maintain More expensive up front (for now)

Power universally available Not many fast charge stations (for now)

More efficient

No poisonous gases

Can avoid all CO2 emissions*

No noise No noise ?* Australia’s transport sector adds 100 million tonnes of greenhouse gas pollution to the atmosphere every year.

Wiebe Wakker has driven across the world in the past two years from his native Netherlands in his electric-converted Volkswagen Golf to prove that electric vehicles can go enormous distances. He’ll be at the Electric Vehicle Expo 2019 in Melbourne on Saturday, March 16.

MY NEXT CAR?

QUESTIONS?

WHAT IF YOU USED A DIESEL GENERATOR TO RECHARGE AN EV?

Ref: thedriven.io/2018/12/14/diesel-charge-evs-remote-locations-greener-than-you-think/

• Jon Edwards, a retired engineer from Perth combined an inexpensive diesel generator and EV charger from Tritium, into a “ChargePod”, and tested it with a group of 10 other EV drivers.

• BMW i3 came in as the most efficient, 4.392 litres/100km about the same fuel efficiency as a diesel BMW 3 series.

• The Tesla models, 5.011 to 6.014 L/100km for the Model S5.689 to 6.957 L/100km for the Model X

• Teslas under similarly sized vehicles in their range Eg. diesel Holden Commodore does 5.7 litres/100kmVW Touareg diesel SUV does 7.2 litres/100km

MODELS AVAILABLE TO 2017 (INCL HYBRIDS)Company Name Type Body First

available Approx Price Fuel / Range

Notes

Blade Electron BEV

5 Door Hatchback (Hyundai Getz)

2008 $48,000 100 km range

Ceased making in 2011[44]

BMW i3 BEV

5 Door Hatchback 2014 130km Range extender option available

BMW i3 BEV

5 Door Hatchback 2019 $69,000 260km

BMW i8 PHEV

Sports Car 2015 $320,000 2.1L/100

Holden Volt PHEV

5 Door Hatchback 2012 $60,000 3.8L/100 No longer offered (2015)[41]

Honda Civic Hybrid HEV

2004 5.3L/100

Honda CR-Z HEV

3 Door Hatchback, sport compact car

2011 $35,000 4.0L/100 No longer offered as of 2015.[40]

Honda Jazz HEV

5 Door Hatchback 2013 $23,000 4.5L/100 [42]

Honda Accord HEV

2015 4.6 L/100

Hyundai

Ionic BEV

Hyundai

Kona Electric BEV

SUV 2019 $60,000 480km

Infiniti Q50 Hybrid, Q70 Hybrid

HEV

Sedan (Saloon) 2014 $79,197 [46]

6.8 L/100 Premium Unleaded

Lexus CT200h HEV

2012 4.1 L/100

Mitsubishi

Outlander PHEV

PHEV

SUV 2014 $47,500[4

3]5.3L/100 (Hybrid

Mitsubishi

iMiEV BEV

5 Door Hatchback 2010 160 km range [45]

Available for fleets only

Nissan Leaf BEV

5 Door Hatchback 2001 $51,500 170 km range

Tesla Model S BEV

5 Door Sedan (Saloon)

2014 $115,000 408km range

Various Models

Tesla Model X BEV

SUV 2016 $165,000 417km range

As of 2017 there are 4 models ranging from about $165,000 to about $265,000 with battery range from 417km to 565km

Tesla Model 3 BEV

5 Door Hatchback 2019? $55,000 320km

HE Two models are available, a base

EUROPEAN REGISTRATIONS BY BRAND

GLOBAL REGISTRATIONS BY BRAND

Sweden passes bill to ban new ICE car sales by 2030 JANUARY 24, 2019 · 2 MINUTE READ · BRIDIE SCHMIDT

https://thedriven.io/2019/01/24/sweden-passes-bill-to-ban-new-...23&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_46a1943223-03a8bbfa60-40426929 Page 1 of 8

Sweden passes bill to ban new ICE car sales by 2030 | The Driven 24/1/19, 11(24 pm

Sweden is joining Scandinavian neighbours Denmark and Norway in the push to ensure a transition to zero emissions transport, passing a bill last week that will see the sale of new petrol and diesel cars banned from 2030.

The bill, which was announced by Prime Minister Stefan Löfven in a statement last week, was agreed to by various parties in the Swedish government and will assist the country achieve its goals under the Paris Climate Agreement.

In a statement on the Swedish government website, Löfven wrote (translated from Swedish), “No new petrol and diesel powered cars will be sold after 2030. So we reduce the large climate emissions from the transport sector.”

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According to Swedish media site Expressen, the government’s climate and energy spokesperson Lorentz Tovatt (translated from Swedish) said, “If it is possible to implement according to EU legislation, it remains to be seen, it will be part of the investigation. But we know that we have allies, such as the Danish government, which has a similar attitude to us. I both believe and hope that a ban is possible.”

But the measures, which also include investment in electric car charging infrastructure and biogas fuels, have been met with comments from some parties that the ban may be difficult to implement.

“It is a very radical proposal and I think you should be careful about predicting technology development in this way. It is simply unrealistic to have a ban in place already in eleven years, ”said Martin Kinnunen, climate policy spokesman for the Swedish Democrats (translated from Swedish). Learn more

https://thedriven.io/2019/01/24/sweden-passes-bill-to-ban-new-...23&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_46a1943223-03a8bbfa60-40426929 Page 2 of 8

Sweden passes bill to ban new ICE car sales by 2030 | The Driven 24/1/19, 11(24 pm

“It can be difficult for many people who live in some parts of the country to have a car, and it can be very costly for those who must have a car,” he said.

Swedish Democrat Martin Kinnunen said (translated from Swedish) that, “It is futile to believe that the EU would join such a big trade barrier. There is no similar example of it, it is certain that you will have the same rules within the EU. And there is not much to suggest that the whole of France and Germany would like to promote a ban on the sale of all diesel and petrol cars”.

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However Sweden joins a growing list of countries committing to a ban on ICE vehicle sales, joining Norway, Denmark, Israel, France, UK, Ireland, Spain and Germany among others. Learn more

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Bridie Schmidt

WHAT DO YOU WANT IN A VEHICLE

Fun, Powerful, Attractive, Comfortable, Practical, Safe,

Reliable, Affordable, Healthy, Sustainable