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Slides for Lecturers

By Phil Hughes MBE and Ed Ferrett

Chemical and biological Health hazards and control

Chapter 14

After reading this chapter you should be able to:

1. recognize the forms of, and classification of, substances hazardous to health2. explain the factors to be considered when undertaking a preliminary assessment of the health risks from substances commonly encountered in the workplace3. describe the use and limitations of workplace exposure limits including the purpose of long-term and short-term exposure limits4. distinguish between acute and chronic health effects5. outline control measures that should be used to reduce the risk of ill-health from exposure to hazardous substances6. outline the basic requirements related to disposal of waste and effluent (and the control of atmospheric pollution)

Chemical and biological Health hazards and control

Figure 14.1 Existing European chemical symbols and the new GHS International symbols

Figure 14.2 Hazardous substances – principal routes of entry into the human body

Figure 14.3(a)(b) Upper and lower respiratory system

Figure 14.4 The nervous system

Figure 14.5 The cardiovascular system

Figure 14.6 Parts of the urinary system

Figure 14.7 The skin – main structures in the dermis

Figure 14.14 Chemical storage in France which needs to comply with European standards

Figure 14.9 Product labels and material safety data sheets

Figure 14.10 Hand pump and stain detectors

Figure 14.11 Common elements of a simple LEV system

Figure 14.12 Natural ventilation in a building

The principal requirements of PPE are as follows:

• PPE which is suitable for the wearer and the task

• Compatibility and effectiveness of the use of multiple PPE

• A risk assessment to determine the need and suitability of proposed PPE

• A suitable maintenance programme for the PPE

• Suitable accommodation for the storage of the PPE when not in use

• Information, instruction and training for the user of PPE

• The supervision of the use of personal protective equipment by employees and a reporting system for defects

Figure 14.13 Personal Protective Equipment at Work

Figure 14.14 Types of Respiratory protective equipment

Compressed air line breathing apparatus with full-face mask fitted with demand valve

Filtering half mask

Half mask re-usable with filters

Figure 14.15 Variety of eye protection goggles

Figure 14.16 Heavy industrial air pollution

Figure 14.17(a) Water pollution from an oil spillage

Figure 14.17(b) Water pollution from plastic waste and other solids

Figure 14.18 Wastes collection

Figure 14.19 Electronic waste from developed countries in Europe under WEEE