Education and Popular Culture Section 3

Education and Popular CultureEducation and Popular CultureSection 3Section 3

School EnrollmentSchool Enrollment More students attended high schoolMore students attended high school Sparked by prosperous times and higher Sparked by prosperous times and higher

educational standards for industry jobseducational standards for industry jobs High Schools focus changed from High Schools focus changed from

preparing only college bound students to preparing only college bound students to preparing students for vocational jobs as preparing students for vocational jobs as well.well.

Schools were responsible for Schools were responsible for Americanizing Immigrant children.Americanizing Immigrant children.

Taxes increased to pay for more schools.Taxes increased to pay for more schools.

Mass Culture: MagazinesMass Culture: Magazines

http://www.ellisparkerbutler.info/epb/coverart.asp?p=Saturday+Evening+Posthttp://www.ellisparkerbutler.info/epb/coverart.asp?p=Red+Book

http://www.ellisparkerbutler.info/epb/coverart.asp?p=Better+Homes+and+Gardens

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug00/rekas/attic/main.htm

http://lancefuhrer.com/life3.htm

http://www.time.com/time/personoftheyear/archive/covers/1927.html

Literacy Rates were high and newspapers and magazines were available for Americans.

Tabloids lured readers.

Time Magazine started in the 1920’s.

Mass Culture: RadioMass Culture: RadioThe most powerful communication medium to emerge in the The most powerful communication medium to emerge in the

1920’s.1920’s.

As the popularity of radio expanded, As the popularity of radio expanded, advertisers began sponsoring radio advertisers began sponsoring radio shows to appeal to consumers. shows to appeal to consumers.

By the end of the decade, 40% of homes By the end of the decade, 40% of homes had radio receivers. had radio receivers.

Radio dance parties were common.Radio dance parties were common. In the 1920’s, radio was a formal affair. In the 1920’s, radio was a formal affair.

Announcers and musicians dressed in Announcers and musicians dressed in their finest attire, even without a live their finest attire, even without a live audience.audience.http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug00/3on1/radioshow/1920radio.htm

Listening to radio was a new experience in the early 1920s, and boys were ardent enthusiasts of the emerging technology.

Bettmann/Corbis http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/09/dayintech_0929

Mass Culture: Music and the Mass Culture: Music and the Music Industry Music Industry

Although the phonograph first Although the phonograph first became available at the turn became available at the turn of the century, the device of the century, the device became more popular as became more popular as sturdy disc recordings sturdy disc recordings replaced delicate wax replaced delicate wax cylinders during World War I. cylinders during World War I.

As America developed mass As America developed mass culture through film, culture through film, advertising, and radio, advertising, and radio, previously isolated musical previously isolated musical styles blended to produce styles blended to produce lively and often rebellious lively and often rebellious radio hits. radio hits.

Record companies profited as Record companies profited as Americans snapped up dance Americans snapped up dance records and new, exciting records and new, exciting types of music.types of music.

Learn how to dance the Charleston: http://lancefuhrer.com/charleston.htm

Listen to Dance Music @ http://www.besmark.com/danc3c.html

http://www.lawlessdecade.net/20-61.htm

George GershwinGeorge GershwinKnown for merging traditional Known for merging traditional

elements of music with American elements of music with American Jazz.Jazz.

Rhapsody in BlueRhapsody in BlueConcerto in FConcerto in F

Visit the Official Site @ http://www.gershwin.com/

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/george-gershwin/about-the-composer/65/

Baseball in the 1920’sBaseball in the 1920’s

Babe RuthBabe RuthThe Sultan of SwatThe Sultan of SwatHome Run record Home Run record

of 60 of 60 Lou GehrigLou Gehrig

The Iron HorseThe Iron HorseRecord for Record for

consecutive games consecutive games played-2,130 played-2,130

See Official Babe Ruth Web page: http://www.baberuth.com/


https://www.msu.edu/~jeakleke/babe2.htm

Red GrangeRed Grange “ “ The Galloping The Galloping

Ghost”Ghost” Premier Running Premier Running

Back for the Back for the University of University of IllinoisIllinois Scored 4 Scored 4

touchdowns in 12 touchdowns in 12 minutes minutes

Played for the Played for the Chicago BearsChicago Bears

http://www.lawlessdecade.net/


Knute RockneKnute Rockne

Knute Kenneth Rockne is highly regarded as Knute Kenneth Rockne is highly regarded as college football's greatest head coach. college football's greatest head coach.

As Notre Dame's head coach from 1918 to 1930, As Notre Dame's head coach from 1918 to 1930, Rockne set the greatest all-time winning Rockne set the greatest all-time winning percentage of .881. This mark still ranks at the percentage of .881. This mark still ranks at the top of the list for both college and professional top of the list for both college and professional football. football.

During his 13-year tenure as head coach of the During his 13-year tenure as head coach of the Fighting Irish, Rockne collected 105 victories, 12 Fighting Irish, Rockne collected 105 victories, 12 losses, five ties and six national championships. losses, five ties and six national championships.

He also coached Notre Dame to five undefeated He also coached Notre Dame to five undefeated seasons without a tie. seasons without a tie.

Died in a plane crash near Matfield Green, KansasDied in a plane crash near Matfield Green, Kansas

Visit Official Site @ http://www.knuterockne.com/

Visit Unofficial Site @ http://www.knuterockne.net/

Visit Crash Site @ http://www.kansasphototour.com/rockne.htm

Bobby JonesBobby Jones

Jones is most famous for his unique "Grand Jones is most famous for his unique "Grand Slam," consisting of his victory in all four Slam," consisting of his victory in all four major golf tournaments of his era (the open and of his era (the open and amateur championships in both the U.S. & amateur championships in both the U.S. & Britain) in a single calendar year (1930). Britain) in a single calendar year (1930).

Co-designed the Co-designed the Augusta National course with course with Alister MacKenzie, and founded , and founded The Masters Tournament, first played at Augusta , first played at Augusta in March 1934. in March 1934. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)

https://www.msu.edu/~jeangue1/iahweb.htm

http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00014123.html

Jones at age 14, in the 1916 U.S. Amateur

http://www.bobbyjones.com/index.htm

l

Jack DempseyJack Dempsey BIRTH NAME: William Harrison DempseyBIRTH NAME: William Harrison Dempsey NAME CHANGE: Changed his name to Jack NAME CHANGE: Changed his name to Jack

Dempsey at the age of 19.Dempsey at the age of 19. NICKNAMES: NICKNAMES:

'The Manassa Mauler' 'The Manassa Mauler' 'Kid Blackie''Kid Blackie' 'Young Dempsey‘'Young Dempsey‘

World Heavy Weight Crown from 1919-World Heavy Weight Crown from 1919-19261926

Suffered 2Suffered 2ndnd defeat to Gene Tunney in 1927 defeat to Gene Tunney in 1927

Official Jack Dempsey site: http://www.cmgww.com/sports/dempsey/index.php

http://www.lawlessdecade.net/27-21.htmThe Famous LONG COUNT

Helen WillsHelen Wills

Helen Wills was widely considered one of the greatest Helen Wills was widely considered one of the greatest female tennis players of all time.female tennis players of all time.

Known as “Little Miss Poker Face” Known as “Little Miss Poker Face” Wills won 31 Wills won 31 Grand Slam titles (singles, women's titles (singles, women's

doubles, and mixed doubles) during her career, doubles, and mixed doubles) during her career, including seven singles titles at the including seven singles titles at the U.S. Championships, eight singles titles at , eight singles titles at Wimbledon, and four singles titles at the , and four singles titles at the French Championships..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Wills_Moody

http://tennis.quickfound.net/history/suzanne_lenglen_helen_wills.html

http://www.tennisfame.com/famer.aspx?pgID=867&hof_id=95

http://aeltc.wimbledon.org/en_GB/about/history/helen_willsmoody.html

Big Bill TildenBig Bill Tilden Bill Tilden (1893-1953)Bill Tilden (1893-1953) Known as "Big Bill" Known as "Big Bill" The first American tennis player The first American tennis player

to compete at Wimbledon - and to compete at Wimbledon - and the first American winner. the first American winner.

During the 1920s, he was During the 1920s, he was undefeated for seven years.undefeated for seven years.

His book The Art of Tennis is His book The Art of Tennis is still regarded as a classic in the still regarded as a classic in the game.game.

"In the 1920s and 1930s, Bill "In the 1920s and 1930s, Bill Tilden was to tennis what Babe Tilden was to tennis what Babe Ruth was to baseball."Ruth was to baseball." Kim Shanley on tennisone.com Kim Shanley on tennisone.com

http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016509.html

http://www.answers.com/topic/bill-tilden

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Tilden

Gertrude EderleGertrude Ederle In 1926, at the age of In 1926, at the age of

19, she became the 119, she became the 1stst women to swim the women to swim the English Channel and English Channel and broke the record broke the record previously held be a previously held be a man.man.

14 hours and 39 14 hours and 39 minutesminutes

Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh flew the first flew the first nonstop solo flight nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic across the Atlantic in a record 33 in a record 33 hours and 29 hours and 29 minutesminutes

Instantly became Instantly became America’s HeroAmerica’s Hero

““Spirit of St. Louis”Spirit of St. Louis”

http://www.charleslindbergh.com/

Mass Culture: The Movies Mass Culture: The Movies Silent FilmsSilent Films Films celebrated themes like consumerism, romance, exotic Films celebrated themes like consumerism, romance, exotic

locales, and new fashions. locales, and new fashions. Young people emulated the glamorous Hollywood elite just as Young people emulated the glamorous Hollywood elite just as

they do today, raising much concern among parents. they do today, raising much concern among parents. Rudolph Valentino and Clara Bow- two sex symbols and film Rudolph Valentino and Clara Bow- two sex symbols and film

icons of the Jazz Age.icons of the Jazz Age.

http://www.goldensilents.com/

Walt Disney and Steamboat Walt Disney and Steamboat WillieWillie Disney's Disney's Steamboat Steamboat

WillieWillie is a landmark in is a landmark in the history of the history of animation. It was the animation. It was the first Mickey Mouse first Mickey Mouse film released and the film released and the first cartoon with first cartoon with synchronized sound. It synchronized sound. It threw silent animation threw silent animation into obsolescence, into obsolescence, and launched an and launched an empire. empire. http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=89284

http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/collection/masterworks/steamboat/index.html

http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/steamboat/steamboat.html

The Jazz Singer & End of Silent The Jazz Singer & End of Silent MoviesMovies

Although it was not the first film to incorporate an Although it was not the first film to incorporate an element of sound, the 1927 Warner Brothers film element of sound, the 1927 Warner Brothers film The The Jazz SingerJazz Singer is widely credited with heralding in the is widely credited with heralding in the age of "talkies" and the end of the silent film era. age of "talkies" and the end of the silent film era.

The star Al Jolson appears in blackface in the film. The star Al Jolson appears in blackface in the film.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jolson

Rudolf Valentino – “The Rudolf Valentino – “The Sheik”Sheik”

http://www.rudolph-valentino.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino

A Sainted Devil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino

http://www.goldensilents.com/stars/rudolphvalentino.html http://www.goldensilents.com/stars/rudolphvalentino.html

Rudolph Valentino Site

In Death



Clara Bow – The “It” GirlClara Bow – The “It” Girl

http://www.moviemaidens.com/

http://www.lawlessdecade.net/26.htm

http://www.lawlessdecade.net/261.htm

Mary Pickford “America’s Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”Sweetheart”

http://www.moviemaidens.com/

Douglas FairbanksDouglas Fairbanks

http://www.goldensilents.com/stars/douglasfairbanks.html

Douglas and Mary Pickford, his 2nd Wife

Fairbanks as Robin Hood

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks

Charlie Chaplin – “The Little Charlie Chaplin – “The Little Tramp”Tramp”

Charlie Chaplin and Jackie Coogan, in the classic silent film "The Kid" (1921)

http://www.goldensilents.com/comedy/charleschaplin.html

Georgia O’KeeffeGeorgia O’Keeffe

Produced intensely colored canvases Produced intensely colored canvases that captured the grandeur of New that captured the grandeur of New York City.York City.

Later became famous for her Later became famous for her paintings of the southwest paintings of the southwest SkullsSkullsFlowersFlowersDesert LandscapesDesert Landscapes

View her work @ http://www.okeeffemuseum.org/home.aspx

Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis

The first American to win the Nobel The first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.Prize in Literature.

Wrote Wrote Main StreetMain Street and and BabbittBabbittTheme was to show the shallow, Theme was to show the shallow,

stifling existence of middle class stifling existence of middle class AmericaAmericaSee excerpt of Babbitt on page 450See excerpt of Babbitt on page 450

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1930/lewis-autobio.html

H.L. MenckenH.L. Mencken Henry Louis Mencken (1880 - 1956)Henry Louis Mencken (1880 - 1956) by by Gibbons Burke The most prominent newspaperman, The most prominent newspaperman,

book reviewer, and political book reviewer, and political commentator of his day, Henry Louis commentator of his day, Henry Louis Mencken was a libertarian before the Mencken was a libertarian before the word came into usage. His prose is as word came into usage. His prose is as clear as an azure sky, and his rhetoric as clear as an azure sky, and his rhetoric as deadly as a rifle shot. deadly as a rifle shot.

Frequent targets of his lance were Frequent targets of his lance were Franklin Roosevelt and New Deal politics, Franklin Roosevelt and New Deal politics, Comstocks, hygenists, "uplifters", social Comstocks, hygenists, "uplifters", social reformers of any stripe, boobs & quacks, reformers of any stripe, boobs & quacks, and the insatiable American appetite for and the insatiable American appetite for nonsense and gaudy sham. nonsense and gaudy sham.

But his life was not defined by But his life was not defined by negativity. He was positively negativity. He was positively enthusiastic about to the writings of enthusiastic about to the writings of Twain and Conrad, the music of Brahms, Twain and Conrad, the music of Brahms, Beethoven and Bach, and the victuals Beethoven and Bach, and the victuals offered up by Chesapeake Bay. offered up by Chesapeake Bay.

Mencken's writing is endearing because Mencken's writing is endearing because of its wit, its crisp style, and the obvious of its wit, its crisp style, and the obvious delight he takes in it. delight he takes in it.

http://www.io.com/~gibbonsb/mencken.html

Literature and Poetry in the Jazz Literature and Poetry in the Jazz Age: The Lost Generation Age: The Lost Generation

Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer who spent most of her life in France, and who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. Coined “Lost Generation”,

http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/s_z/stein/stein.htm

Photo By Carl Van Vechten

Lost Generation Writers

Expatriate Writers – lived in Europe because of a dissatisfaction with the U.S.

Ernest Hemingway

F. Scott Fitzgerald

John Dos Passos

Ezra Pound

T.S. Elliot

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald

Wrote: Wrote: The Great The Great GatsbyGatsby

Coined the “Jazz Coined the “Jazz Age”Age”

F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald often wrote critically often wrote critically about the illusions of about the illusions of wealth and fame, wealth and fame, while at the same while at the same time partaking in the time partaking in the excesses of celebrity excesses of celebrity and striving for and striving for immortality in immortality in literature. literature.

F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald

He suffered from alcoholism and she struggled with mental illness after years behind after years behind the facade of glamour and the facade of glamour and celebrity.celebrity.

.

Visit the following: http://www.pbs.org/kteh/amstorytellers/bios.html


Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway’s dense, Ernest Hemingway’s dense, understated writing style understated writing style became a model for became a model for generations of writers. He wrote generations of writers. He wrote for "the lost generation," of for "the lost generation," of young men who came of age in young men who came of age in the trenches of World War I and the trenches of World War I and were unable to settle back into were unable to settle back into the norms of traditional society.the norms of traditional society.WW I veteran.WW I veteran.

Introduced tough, simplified Introduced tough, simplified style of writing using “hard, style of writing using “hard, little sentences”little sentences”

Criticized the glorification of Criticized the glorification of warwar

Explore Michael Palin’s Heminway Adventures @ http://www.pbs.org/hemingwayadventure/index.html

Check out Site: http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/hemingway/index.htm

http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/hemingway/index-paris.htm

Algonquin Round TableAlgonquin Round Table The The Algonquin Round Algonquin Round

TableTable was a celebrated was a celebrated group of New York City group of New York City writers, critics, actors and writers, critics, actors and wits. Gathering initially as wits. Gathering initially as part of a practical joke, part of a practical joke, members of "The Vicious members of "The Vicious Circle," as they dubbed Circle," as they dubbed themselves, gathered for themselves, gathered for lunch each day at the lunch each day at the Algonquin Hotel from 1919 Algonquin Hotel from 1919 until roughly 1929. At these until roughly 1929. At these luncheons they engaged in luncheons they engaged in wisecracks, wordplay and wisecracks, wordplay and witticisms that, through the witticisms that, through the newspaper columns of newspaper columns of Round Table members, were Round Table members, were disseminated across the disseminated across the country. country.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_Round_Table

Dorothy ParkerDorothy Parker

Dorothy Parker was one of the Dorothy Parker was one of the most successful and influential most successful and influential women writers of her era.women writers of her era.

Member of the Member of the Algonquin Round Algonquin Round TableTable

http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/parker/http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/parker/

“ “ Men seldom make passesMen seldom make passesAt girls who wear glasses.”At girls who wear glasses.”

Dorothy ParkerDorothy Parker, , Not So Deep as a Well Not So Deep as a Well (1937), (1937), "News Item""News Item"

U.S.U.S. author, author, humorist, poet, & wit humorist, poet, & wit (1893 - (1893 - 1967)1967)

The Flapper by Dorothy The Flapper by Dorothy ParkerParker

The playful flapper here we see,The fairest of the fair.

She's not what Grandma used to be, --You might say, au contraire.

Her girlish ways may make a stir,Her manners cause a scene,

But there is no more harm in herThan in a submarine.

She nightly knocks for many a goalThe usual dancing men.

Her speed is great, but her controlIs something else again.

All spotlights focus on her pranks.All tongues her prowess herald.

For which she well may render thanksTo God and Scott Fitzgerald.

Her golden rule is plain enough -Just get them young and treat them rough.

Edna St. Vincent MillayEdna St. Vincent Millay

First FigFirst Fig

by Edna St. Vincent Millayby Edna St. Vincent Millay

My candle burns at both ends; My candle burns at both ends;

It will not last the night; It will not last the night;

But ah, my foes, and oh, my But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends— friends—

It gives a lovely light. It gives a lovely light.

One of the premier twentieth-century lyric poets

http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/millay/millay.htm

http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/ednamillay/index.shtml#bio

Other WritersOther Writers

T.S. Elliot T.S. Elliot Ezra PoundEzra Pound Edith Warton – dramatized the clash Edith Warton – dramatized the clash

between traditional and modern values between traditional and modern values that had undermined high society 50 years that had undermined high society 50 years earlier.earlier.

Willa Cather – celebrated the simple, Willa Cather – celebrated the simple, dignified lives of people such as immigrant dignified lives of people such as immigrant farmers of Nebraska in farmers of Nebraska in My AntoniaMy Antonia and and O O Pioneers!Pioneers!..

http://cather.unl.edu/gallery.htmlhttp://www.willacather.org/

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Education and Popular Culture Section 3