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FIxTurESq UseoneAmericansWithDisabilities

Act(ADA)-compliantxtureoreachtoiletroom.

q Usewall-mountedxturesinlieuooormountedoreasiercleaning.

q Dontusetank-typewaterclosetsbecausetheyarepronetovandalismandpresentmaintenanceproblems.

q Encouragewall-hunglavatoriesorsolid-suracelavatorysystems.Coun-tertoplavatoriesdontholdupaswell.

q Electricwatercoolers/drinkingountainsshouldnotprotrudeintocorridorsandexitpassageways.TisisahazardandanobstructionandnotallowedbyADAandICC/ANSI

A117.1:Standard on Accessible and

Usable Buildings and Facilities.

GEnEraL CLaSSrooMSq Prekindergartenandkindergarten

classroomsshouldhavetheirowndrinkingountainsattheappropriateheight.Acombinationsink/drinkingountainisideal,butseparatebowlsareamust.

q Prekindergartenandkindergartenclassroomsshouldhavetheirowntoiletrooms.

Educational OccupanciesSchool-learningsettingsthataresecure,developmental,ex-

ible,andappealingimprovestudentssuccess.Designingschoolacilities that efectively tackle modern and up-and-comingrequirements or instruction and learning environments, as

well as achieve long-term value and economy o operation,challenges the plumbing design proessional as perhaps nootherundertaking.Overtime,thequalityoboththepipingandinrastructurewilldecidethenalaccomplishmentoadesign.Incorporatingthebest obtainableplumbingcomponents intotheplanningprocessisadvised.

Structuresusedoreducationalpurposesarechallengingbutsometimes repetitive.Most engineerssayi youcandesign ahospital,thenyoucandesignanytypeobuilding,sincemosthospitalsencompassavarietyosystems.Aneducationaloccu-pancybuildingmaychallengethisrationale.Aschoolcanhaveanatatorium,aresearchlaboratory,acentralplant,shops,andaull-servingkitchenwithdiningarea.Insideeachdepartment

areamaybenumerousspecialtysystemstoserveeachspecicprogrambeingtaught.Programsvarybyregiono thecountryandschoolcurriculum.Aschoolnearthewatermayspecializeinaquaculture,whileoneinaarmingregionmayconcentrateonagriculture.

I multiple schools are being designed, or i the town hasamaster plan or its schools, try to ollow the municipalitysguidelines.Tissimpliesuturemaintenanceandrenovationsandallowsoraminimumamountostoragespaceorsuppliesandparts.Learnisuchaprogramexistsorseekoutaacilitymanagerwhomyoucouldinterviewtoestablishyourownpro-gram.

oallowrepairswithoutturningofwatertotheentirebuild-

ing,isolationcutofvalvesmayberequiredtoisolateeachwingothebuildingandthetoiletrooms,lockerareas,andkitchen.

Numerous codes and guidelines may be applicable or aneducationaloccupancyproject.Teseinclude thestatepublichealthcode,

U.S.DepartmentoLaborOccupationalSaetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)regulations,

RehabilitationActo1973Section504,

UniormFederalAccessibilityStandards(UFAS),

AmericansWithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)designstandards,

ADAAccessibilityGuidelinesorBuildingsandFacilities(ADAAG),

NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)standards,

InternationalPlumbingCode(IPC)orUniormPlumbing

Code(UPC), InternationalMechanicalCodeorUniormMechanical

Code,and

localandstatecodes.

ChILDrEnS GuIDELInES

Reactingtotheideasoarchitectsandothersworriedabacilitiesusedlargelybychildren,theU.S.AccessBoardreleasaccessibilityguidelinesin1998ortheconstructionobuildiintendedmainlyorchildrensuse.Teguidelinesprotectag

12andyoungerandincorporateprovisionsordrinkingoutains,waterclosets,andsinks.EventhoughthechildrensudamentalguidelineshavenotbeenadoptedbytheU.S.DepamentoJusticeaspartoitsADAregulations,theycanbeusto provide comparable alternative designs.Te child heigmaybeusedithedesignprovidesasubstantiallyequivalengreateraccesstoandusabilityoaacility(seeable1).

JaMeS StenqViSt, cpD, is a project engineer withDiversifed Technology Consultants in North Haven, Conn.For more inormation, or to comment on this article,contact rls@sdmgz.org.This article ismeant to provide some basic guidelines. Always check allrelevant codes and resources or a par ticular project.

ChECkLIST ForEDuCaTIonaL oCCuPanCIESq

PLuMBInG DESIGn b te nuMBErSBy JaMES E. STEnqVIST, CPD

0 PlumbingSystems&Design MARCH/APRIL 2006 PSDMAGAZINE

table 1 Specifcations or Water Closets Serving Children Ages 3-12

Ages 3 and 4 Ages 5-8 Ages 9-12

Water closet centerline12 inches(305 mm)

12-15 inches(305-380 mm)

15-18 inches(380-455 mm)

Toilet seat height11-12 inches

(280-305 mm)12-15 inches

(305-380 mm)15-17 inches

(380-430 mm)

Grab bar height18-20 inches

(455-510 mm)20-25 inches

(510-635 mm)25-27 inches

(635-685 mm)

Dispenser height14 inches(355 mm)

14-17 inches(355-430 mm)

17-19 inches(430-485 mm)

Source: U.S. Access Board

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q Sinksgenerallyarenotrequired,exceptinspecialtyclassrooms.

kITChEnSq Isthekitchenullservingorwarming

onlywithsatellitecookingdoneelse-where?

q Dotheplatesandutensilsrequirewashingoraretheydisposable?

q Howmanystudentsareservedper

day?

q Isbreakastordinnerservedinaddi-tiontolunch?

q Floordrainsshouldnotbeinstalledinoodstorageareas.

q Floordrainsshouldbeaminimum4inchesindiameter.

q Caeteriaandkitchenoorsshouldhavedrainswherespillagemayoccurorrequenthosingandcleaningarerequired.Floorsunderandaroundsteamersandkettlesshouldbe

drainedindependentlyootheroorareas.

q A140-degreehotwatersupplyandseparatereturnlineshouldbepro-vided.

q Hosebibbsshouldbeprovidedoroorwashdown.

q Aservicesinkorareceptorshouldbelocatedinthekitchenarea.

SCIEnCE CLaSSrooMSq Acid-resistantwastelinesshouldbe

providedorchemistrylaboratoriesinhighschoolsandinstructorstationsinmiddleschoolsciencelaboratories,buttheygenerallyarenotconsiderednecessaryorotherlaboratoryareasandlowergrades.

q Providetepidwatertoemergencyeyewashesandshowers.

q Provideoordrainswithtrapprimersunderemergencyshowers.

q Specicationogasjets,aucets,andoutletsshouldbebythearchitectslaboratorycaseworksectionanddetailedonthelarge-scalemillwork

plans.q Fumehoodsshouldbespeciedas

pre-pipedbythearchitect.

q AnADA-typeemergencygasshutofattheroomspointoexitisrequiredwheregasispresentbystateandlocalcodes,standardizedschoolconstruc-tion,goodengineeringpractice,and

NFPA45:Standard on Fire Protection

for Laboratories Using Chemicals.

q abletopsandsinksshouldbeblackepoxyresinspeciedanddetailedbythearchitect.Duetothehomogenousnatureoblackepoxyresin,thereisnolaminationtobubbleorcrackandnoporositytoallowliquidpenetration.Tesuraceisalsohighlyheatresis-tant.

q Wateraucetsshouldbeequippedwithintegralvacuumbreakers.

arT rooMSq Counterswithintegralsinksshouldbe

acid-resistantblackepoxyresin.

q Sinksshouldhavesedimenttrapsandbeaccessiblerommorethanoneside.

q Sinksshouldbeheightappropriatewithhotandcoldwatersupplied.

q Floordrainsshouldbeprovidedinareaswherewaterorotherliquidsmightbespilled.

q Forceramics,providealarge,deepsinkwithhotandcoldwatersuppliesandaclaytrap.

GyMnaSIuMSq Drinkingountainsshouldnotbe

locatedinareaswithwoodoors,includingperormingartsclassrooms.

q Drinkingountainsshouldbeusedinlieuoelectricwatercoolers.Chilledwatermayhaveanadverseefectonthebody,causingstomachcramps.

q Drinkingountainsshouldbelocatedinalcovesawayromanyeldoplay

topreventinjury.q Sprinklersshouldbespeciedwith

headguardstopreventaccidentaldamageromactivities.

q Considermastermixingvalvesandshutofstationsoreachlockerroomshowerarea.

q Considerpush-buttonmeteringshowervalvestoautomaticallytimeandshutofshowers.

q Areshoweroorsandwallstiled,one-pieceacrylicunits,orbasesspeciedbytheplumbingengineer?

q Provideoordrainsintheareasothelockerroomswherestudentsdryof.

q Intheshoweranddryingareassu-cientoordrainsshouldbeprovidedandlocatedsothatnostudentneedstostandinorwalkthroughwastewater.

ShoPSq Semicircularandcircularwashbasins

usuallyarespecied.

q Combinationemergencyeyewash/showersmayberequiredbytheOccupationalSaetyandHealthAdminis-tration(OSHA)wherechemicalsarepresent.

q Acompressedairsupplyusuallyisrequiredorvehiclemaintenance,woodshopequipment,andpoweringohandtools.

q renchdrains,aswellasanoiland/osandinterceptor,mayberequiredorlargewash-downareas.

q Automotiveshopsrequireoordraininthecenteroanareaapproximately1414eet.Teoorinthisareashouldslopetothedrain,andanoilinterceptorshouldbeprovided.

ToILET rooMSq Areelectronic,hands-reextures

required?

q Provideoordrainsaminimum3inchesindiameterineacharea.

q Providecorrectxtureheights,styles,andsizesorvaryinggradelevels.

q Ensurevandal-resistantxturesandtrimarespecied.

q Specialtoiletroomsshouldbepro-videdorschooladministrators,teachers,andserviceworkers.

q Hosebibbsandoordrainsshouldbeprovidedineverytoiletroom,withthe

oorpitchingtowardthedrain.q Whereschoolgroundsarelikelyto

beusedonweekends,vacations,andothertimeswhentheschoolbuildingitselisclosed,itisadvisabletopro-videtoiletroomsorbothsexesacces-sibletooutdoorphysicaleducationspaces.Tiscanbedonebyplanningthetoiletacilitiesorthelockerandshowerroomsorexterioraccess.

ExTErIor PLuMBInGq Irrigationsystemsshouldhaveback-

owpreventersandawatermeter.

q Wallhydrantswithbackowpre-ventersshouldbespacedat100-ootintervals(andreeze-prooiappli-cable).

q Arethereoutdoordrinkingountains?

MARCH/APRIL 2006 PlumbingSystems&Design