07 2010-A-PS-M-1-072.hwp
IEC 6 1 40 0 -21
An Implementation of Real-time Measurement and Assessment System
for Power
Quality Characteristics of Grid Connected Wind Turbines
* ** †
(Jong-Joo LeeDong-Joon KimYoung-Hwan Moon)
Abstract - The renewable resource are getting more attentions with
increased concerns on the depletion of fossil fuels
and several environmental issues like emission problem. Wind power
is a representative option among several renewable
sources and the generation capacity using wind power is being
increased.
However, the wind generation is so volatile on its output
characteristic, so it is required to assess the grid impact
of
wind power generation by measuring the fluctuation effect more
precisely. This paper proposes the method for measuring
the generation output according to IEC 61400-21(Measurement and
assessment of power quality characteristics of grid
connected wind turbines) to assess the power quality of wind
turbine generation.
In addition, it shows an application case to a small-scale wind
power generator. In the case study, it suggests a
structure design of the proposed measurement instrument both on
hardware and software aspects, which is composed of
a remote monitoring & data analysis program and an FPGA based
real-time signal processing device.
Key Words : Wind turbines, Power quality, IEC 61400-21, Real-time,
Embedded system
* :
** :
† , : smart grid
E-mail :
[email protected]
1997 12
.
,
.
.
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, [1-3].
2010 6
, 20MW
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· ,
IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission)
IEC 61400-21 (Edition 2.0)
. FPGA
Ethernet ·
.
2. IEC 6 1 40 0 -21
IEC 61400-21 Edition 2.0
2008 8 .
,
,
[7].
.
(Anemometer)
,
(signal conditioning) (low-pass
(analog-digital converter) [7].
Trans. KIEE. Vol. 59, No. 9, SEP, 2010
IEC 61400-21 1561
1
Fig. 1 Assumed elements of measurement system
1 1 IEC 61400-21
( , , ADC )
.
Class 1,0 IEC 60044-1 CT
±0,5 m/s IEC 61400-12-1
(as a guidance) Anemometer
Table 1 Specification of requirements for measurement
,
2kHz, (harmonics)
(higher frequency components)
20kHz .
(wind speed) 1Hz
.
(odd)
Table 2 Analysis components of output current
(harmonics),
(interharmonics) (higher
frequency components) ,
50 , 2kHz
2kHz~9kHz .
2
. , 0.2
. , 50Hz 10
, 60Hz 12
.
3.1
IEC 61400-21
,
.
2
. ,
(transducer) ADC DAQ
FPGA
(time-critical) [8].
2
Fig. 2 Hardware and correlational structure
FPGA(field programmable gate array)
(Onboard clock) 40MHz
.
(time deterministic)
.
3
.
59 9 2010 9
1562
Wind
River
VxWorks
: 0~359, : 0.1 [deg.]
Resolver Sensor
: NI 9263
FPGA
DMA FIFOs
. ,
DMA FIFO , 4 ADC
DMA FIFO
.
(× 64bit = 72kb)
frequency
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NMEA0183 ASCII
($WIMWV,180.00,R,30.5,M,A*2D) .
2 .
“$” Start Byte, “WIMWV,” ,
“180.00” (deg.), “,R,” , “30.5” ,
“,M,A” , “*” Data End, “2D”
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FIFO , ,
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2
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0.5
.
,
.
3
FPGA ADC
50.0kHz, 25.0kHz 2.50kHz
.
Fig. 3 Front panel of FPGA DAQ
4
. , ADC
Trans. KIEE. Vol. 59, No. 9, SEP, 2010
IEC 61400-21 1563
(simultaneous sampling) 50kHz
.
Fig. 4 Block diagram of FPGA DAQ
,
DAM FIFO . FIFO
. FPGA DMA FIFO
.
5 6 FPGA
DMA FIFO
. 5
2.5kHz/s, 0.6 ,
1,500 9,000
, Ethernet (byte)
72,000kb(9000ea×64bit/8bit) .
5
Fig. 5 Front panel of Real-Time controller
Ethernet TCP
. TCP
, FPGA
. FPGA
, DMA FIFO
. DMA FIFO
TCP
. DAM FIFO (FIFO
empty/full ) TCP
.
6
Fig. 6 Block diagram of Real-Time controller
RS485
,
(parsing) .
(shift register)
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300W
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.
3 (PMSG)
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(isolator) , DC 12V 1
59 9 2010 9
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2 . AC
220V, 60Hz, DC/AC PWM
.
7
,
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. 5
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8 m/s 12V100Ah
400 rpm 3 m/s
12/24 V 3~25 m/s
450 W 40 m/s
8
5
Table 5 Specification of wind turbine generator
8 9 Ethernet
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. 8
IP
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8 ·
Fig. 8 Front panel of Data acquisition and analysis
(encoder)
.
Vab
(8) .
THD
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9 ·
Fig. 9 Block diagram of Data acquisition and analysis
(rectangular
window function) ,
.
1(60 )
(binary) . 2.5kHz 25kHz
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5 .
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IEC 61400-21
.
, FPGA
.
,
FPGA
. ,
GPS
IEC 61400-25(Wind Turbines - Part 25:
Communications for monitoring and control of wind
power plants)
[9,10].
, ,
.
Trans. KIEE. Vol. 59, No. 9, SEP, 2010
IEC 61400-21 1565
[1] Sanz, M, Llombart, A, Bayod, A.A, Mur, J, “Power
quality measurements and analysis for wind
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[4] , , , , "LabVIEW
",
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[5] , , , , "
",
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[6] , , "
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[7] IEC 61400-21, “Wind turbines –Part 21: Measurement
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[8] PN 324561C-01, CompactRIO and LabVIEW
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Edition, National Instruments, Sep. 2008
[9] , , , “ IEC
61400-25 ”,
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[10] , , , , "IEC61400-25
", , 59 , 1 ,
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(). 2008
().
. 2001~2004
() . 2005~2007
. 2008
smart grid .
Tel : 031-420-6188
FAX : 031-420-6189
E-mail :
[email protected]
1971 1 7. 1992
. 1994
(). 2004
. ,
PSS
, .
smart grid .
Tel : 031-420-6184,
FAX : 031-420-6189
E-mail :
[email protected],
1956 5 13 . 1979
. 1981
(). 1990 Univ. of
Texas(Arlington) (
PSS , , WAMS,
. smart grid
, .
Tel : 031-420-6004
FAX : 031-420-6189
E-mail :
[email protected]