高中数学易错、易混、易忘问题备忘录

学而思教育·学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网www.gaokao.com

Unit 1 Laughter is good for you

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分 教学设计

Aims and requirements

♦ Read a magazine article about stand-up comedy and two short plays

♦ Listen to an answering machine message and a radio talk show

♦ Discuss comedy and famous crosstalk performers

♦ Write an e-mail about crosstalk

♦ Present a short play

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1: Brainstorming

(T—teachers; S—students)

T: Boys and girls, are you happy today?

S: Yes.

T: Have you laughed today?

S: Yes./No.

T: If you haven’t laughed today, I’ll give you a chance. Let’s enjoy some pictures together. (show the above pictures to the students) Are you familiar with these pictures?

S: Yes, quite familiar.

T: Did you laugh when you first saw them?

S: Yes.

T: Do you think laughter is good for us?

S: Yes. Laughter can help us forget about worries, keep us in a good mood, have positive attitudes towards our lives, enjoy life better and live longer.

T: Usually what kind of things can make you laugh?

S1: Watching interesting and amusing programmers.

S2: Reading interesting books.

S3: seeing funny things.

S4: Hearing a joke.

T: Now that laughter is good to everyone, remember to laugh more in the daily life.

Step 2: Sharing Information

Today, I will give you a chance to laugh heartily.

There are four posters on our book. All of them are quite funny. Let’s enjoy them one by one.

Picture 1

T: What kind of expression is the man wearing?

S: A funny facial expression.

T: Where is he standing?

S: In a spotlight, on stage.

T: What is he doing there?

S: Putting on performances, amusing and entertaining the audience.

T: What might he be saying?

S: He might be telling a joke.

T: Where and when can you see the funniest man?

S: At the Comedy Club this Tuesday.

Picture 2

T: What does the poster tell us?

S: It recommends a book to us.

T: What’s the book about?

S: The book is about a funny girl.

T: What do critics say about the book?

S: Amazing, I laughed until I cried. ----Sunday Review

You won’t be able to stop laughing. ----Star Times

Funniest book of the year! ----Humor Weekly

T: Can these remarks attract you?

Picture 3

T: What’s this poster about?

S: The poster is about a course teaching the traditional Chinese technique of crosstalk.

T: Can you tell something about the Chinese crosstalk?

S: It is a traditional Chinese art. Two or more actors/actresses stand on the stage, using funny words to entertain the audience.

T: If you want to learn the crosstalk, what kind of qualities do you need to have?

S: Having a sense of humor, being quick-minded and able to cooperate well with his or her partners.

T: How can you find out more information according to the poster?

S: By calling 5555-1234 for course schedule and fees.

Picture 4

:

T: What is this poster about?

S: It is a comedy about life in the circus.

T: What can we see in a circus?

S: In a circus, we can see acrobats(钢丝), riders, clowns and performing animals.

T: Do you think the life in a circus is interesting?

Step 3: Discussion

After we talked about the four posters, which of the above do you think will be the funniest?

Who is your favorite comedian? Why do you like him or her?

Why do people like funny things?

Divide the students into different groups to discuss. Encourage them to use English while talking. Then collect their answers.

Sample answers

1 I think “Under the Big Top” might be the funniest. In a circus, you can see acrobats, riders, clowns and performing animals. When I was young, whenever I had a chance to watch circus performances, I had a really good laugh. I often wondered hoe clowns could wear such funny expressions and make such exaggerated movements. I was curious about their life and attitudes towards life. Also, trained performing animals are very amusing and can bring me a lot of happiness.

2 My favorite comedian is Song Dandan. She is very talented, versatile and dedicated. As a comedian, she has her own special way of presenting vivid characters on the stage. She can sing, dance, do crosstalk, etc. Once in an interview, she explained her understanding towards her career. According to her, it’s more than making people laugh. It’s about conveying dip meanings of life while entertaining people. I was deeply touched by this. .

3 It is human nature that people like funny things. We need to have something to laugh about, to release our emotions. According to psychologist, people who are often in a bad mood are likely to develop deadly diseases such as cancer. A hearty laugh can cheer people up and help them get rid of negative feelings.

Step 4: Homework

1. Read the article in Part A on page 104 and the one in Part B on page 105 in Workbook.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

● Reading Stand-up for Your Health

Step 1: Lead-in

T: Do you know who this person is?

S: Charlie Chaplin, a famous American comedian.

T: What kind of imagine will appear in your mind?

S: He always wears a small black hat, very wide trousers and a moustache, and carries a stick that he swings in the air as he walks.

T: How do you feel at the sight of him?

S: He is humorous and makes us laugh.

T: what’s the style of his film?

S: In his film, he’s never the Mr. Big and he always has much trouble in his life. However, he uses his sense of humor to teach people that there are always ways to face problems if you are able to laugh.

T: Do you think laughing is good for people’s health?

S: Yes. Laughter is a bridge that can lead people to health, happiness and peace. It is a good therapy to help people get rid of bitterness and forget all the problems.

T: Today, we’ll learn a passage entitled “Stand-up for your health!” Do you know the meaning of “Stand-up” here? Does it mean you have to stand up to keep healthy?

S: No. “Stand-up” is a kind of comedy in which the comedian stands in front of the audience and talk directly to audience members.

Step 2: Fast-reading for general idea.

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and find answers to the three questions in Part A.

1 What is the article about?

2 How many types of stand-up are there?

3 What is laughter good for?

Answers 1 It’s about stand-up comedy.

2 There are four main types.

3 It’s good for our health.

Step 3: Careful-reading for detailed information

1. Let's read the passage again more carefully and try to finish part C1 after your reading.

1 What is special about stand-up comedy?

2 what are the four main types of stand-up?

3 When did Billy Crystal begin practicing stand-up?

4 What is one reason Billy Crystal has become so famous?

5 How many times has Billy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards?

6 Who were Bob Hope and George Burns?

7 What dies your brain do when you laugh?

8 What is the English idiom about laughter mentioned in the text?

Answers

1 Stand-up is different from other forms of comedy because the comedian is in front of the audience and may talk directly to audience members.

2 They are observational, prop physical, and impressionist.

3 He began practicing stand-up when he was a child.

4 His outstanding ability to improvise.

5 Eight times.

6 They were two comedians who lived to be 100 years old and kept working until the end of their lives.

7 It sends chemicals that are good for you into your body.

8 Laughter is the best medicine.

2. Next let's listen to the tape and decide whether the following sentences are true or false.

1 A stand-up comedian is not allowed to make fun of an audience member.

2 If the comedians act or speak like a well-known person, this is called observational comedy.

3 What the physical comedians usually do is tripping over chairs, walking into doors and falling down on stage.

4 Quite a few stand-up comedians have become famous as television and film actor later on in life.

5 The fact that when Crystal hosts the Academy Awards, he always keeps a toothbrush in his pocket for good luck is only known to a few people.

6 Billy Crystal has no plans to go on making films to go on telling jokes.

7 The reason why people who laugh a lot live longer is that when you laugh, your brain sends chemicals around your body that are good for you.

Answers 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T

1. Now let's come to Part C2. The four main types of stand-up comedy are explained in the article. Match each type with an appropriate example. Write the correct letter in the bracket.

Answers 1 d 2 a 3 c 4 b

Step 4: Practice

1. Part D

Find these new words and expressions in the article. Guess their meanings from the contest. Then match them with the correct definitions.

Answers 1 b 2 d

3 e

4 h

5 g

6 a

7 c

8 f

2. Part E

Gao Hua is writing a biography of Billy Crystal for his English class. Help him complete it.

Answers

1 American 2 observe 3 appropriate 4 comedy 5 television

6 actors 7 improvise 8 host 9 healthy 10 comedian

Step 5: Post-reading activities.

1. Discuss the following questions in groups, then role-play the dialogues and act out before the class.

(1) What are necessary qualifications a good comedian needs to have?

(2) When you are in low spirits, what will you do to stop unpleasant feelings?

(3) Besides laughter, what are other factors that can help people keep healthy and live longer?

Sample answers

1

· Having enough courage to perform in front of the audience

· Practicing a lot to perfect their routine

· Being able to read their audience’s thoughts to know exactly what they would like to see

· Watching as many comedies as they can to learn about more techniques

· Making full preparations before going on stage

2

· Watching a comedy

· Listening to music or watching films

· Seeing friends

· Surfing the Internet

· Locking myself in my room and doing reading

3

· Having a balanced diet

· Exercising regularly

· Having a good mood

· Being optimistic

Step 6: Language Points

Vocabulary

Words

laughter, stand-up, humor, well-loved, comedy, comedian, response, reaction, main, physical, humorous, queue, visual, tennis, stage, actor, act, academy, award, routine, live, little-known, toothbrush, mirror, outstanding, microphone, lip, appropriate, silent, howl, amuse, brain, saying

Useful expressions

make fun of, in response to, make jokes about, queue up, trip over, later on, broadcast live, make up, have effect on, after all

Sentence patterns

1. One little-known fact is that when Crystal is the host of the Academy Awards, he always keeps a toothbrush in his pocket of good luck!

2. Instead of telling the joke he had planned, Crystal made up a new one.

3. It seems appropriate that he got his start in silent film.

4. Doctors have been researching what effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have on us.

Step 7: Consolidation exercises:

1 Fill in the blanks according to the text.

Stand-up is one of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy. In observational comedy, the comedian makes jokes about 1_______ things he or she 2________ in everyday life. Prop 3_________ use props to tell their jokes. Physical comedians use their 4_________ to make jokes. Impressionist comedians act or speak like a well-known person, which is called doing an 5_________ of the person,

Billy Crystal is one of the stand-up comedians who have become famous as television and film actors later on in life. His 6_________ with all age groups and his ability to 7_________ people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.

Doctors have been 8_________ the effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have on people. They have discovered that people who laugh a lot live longer. This agrees with the English saying

“9_________ is the best 10_________”.

Answers

1 humorous 2 observes 3 comedians 4 bodies 5 impression

6 popularity 7 amuse 8 researching 9 laughter 10 medicine

2 Translate the following sentences into English.

1 有一种非常出名，深受人们喜爱的喜剧形式叫做单口喜剧。

2 单口喜剧演员可以拿某一观众开玩笑，也可以根据观众的反应随机应变说不同的笑话。

3 观众只能看见他站在那里两片嘴唇动个不停。

4 克里斯托放弃了讲事先准备好的笑话，即兴编了一个。

5 克里斯托深受各年龄断人群的喜爱，他有能力让世人感到开心，这证明单口喜剧能被所有人欣赏。

Sample answers

1 One of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy is called stand-up.

2 A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of an audience.

3 The audience could only see him standing there moving his lips.

4 Instead of telling the joke he had planned, Crystal made up a new one.

5 Crystal’s popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.

3句型转换：

1. He or she might decide to tell different jokes to respond to the reactions of an audience.

He or she might decide to tell different jokes ______ ______ to the reactions of an audience.

2. One such person is Billy Crystal.

Such______ person is Billy Crystal.

3. Instead of telling the joke he had planned, he made up a new one.

He didn’t tell the joke he had planned._______ he made up a new one.

He didn’t tell the joke he had planned _______made up a new one.

4. He hopes to follow the way that other famous comedians usually do.

He hopes to follow _____ _____ _____ of other famous comedians.

5. Doctors have been researching what stand-up and other forms of comedy affect us.

Doctors have been researching what______ stand-up and other forms of comedy have_____ us.

6. David Canadian Mark Roswell from Canada, called Da Shan in China, is well known for his great ability to study Chinese.

David Canadian Mark Roswell from Canada,______ in China_____ Da Shan, is well known for his great ability to study Chinese

7. His classes are well received by his students from abroad.

His classes are very ______ ______the students from abroad.

8. Go out and see what is up there.

Go out and see what is_____ _____there.

9. Do you mind if I sit down here?

Do you mind_____ _____ down here?

10. Later on, the servant re-entered, magazine in hand.

Later on, the servant re-entered _____ a magazine in_____ hand.

Answers

1. in response 2.a 3.Instead; but 4. in the footsteps 5.effect, on

6. known, as 7.popular with/among 8.going on 9.my sitting 10.with,his

Step 8: Homework

1 Prepare a funny story to tell to your classmates.

2. Prepare the part Word Power

3 Finish A1 and A2 on page 100 of the workbook.

● Word Power

Step 1: Brainstorming

T: Have you heard of Shakespeare? Can you say out some of his works?

S: “Romeo and Julie”, “Merchants of Venice” and so on.

T: Have you seen them performed on the stage?

S: Yes. /No.

T: A piece of writing to be performed by actors in the theatre is called drama. Are you interested in drama? Do you want to learn something more about drama? Today we’ll learn some words used in a drama on the stage.

Step 2: Brainstorming and vocabulary learning

1 First, let’s check how much you have known about drama.

T: What do we call the person who acts in a play?

S: An actor or actress.

T: What do we call the person who is in charge of a play?

S: A director.

T: what are the words that the actors say called?

S: lines

T: Where can the lines can be found?

S: In a script.

T: what is a script made up of?

S: Acts and scene.

T: What are the words called that tell the actors how to act?

S: They are called stage directions.

Write these on the blackboard and make sure the students know the meaning of each word.

2 After you have grasped the above words, let’s focus on the picture in part B, which gives you some information related to things on a stage.

3 Let’s focus on the passage in part C, which checks yours’ ability of understanding and using the words you have just learnt. In order to fill in the blanks correctly, you have to understand the passage and the exact meaning of the missing words. You should first complete the exercises individually and then check answers with the class.

Answers

1 actor 2 director 3 lines 4 cast 5 script 6 stage

7 acts 8 scenes 9 costume 10 wings 11 props 12 light

13 scenery 14 stage directions

Step 3: Vocabulary extension

1 Boys and girls, let’s suppose you are going to perform a drama at the school art festival. Discuss in your group: How you are going to prepare and arrange for the performance. The following words can help you.

A drama

cast

directors, actors, actresses

script

theme, lines, stage direction, acts/scenes

stage

wings, microphone, curtains, lights, scenery, set

others

Budge, props, costumes

2 Let’s come to part D. We know in English, there are many useful idioms and saying about laughing and it is good for us to keep some useful idioms in mind. This part will present some to us. Look at the idioms and the sentences below. Then see if you can find any more idioms about smiling or laughing and write sentences using them in the space provided.

Sample answers

to have the last laugh: to make someone who has criticized or defeated you look stupid by succeeding in something more important or by seeing them fail

e.g. They fired her last year, but she had the last laugh because she was taken on by their main rivals at twice the salary.

He laughs best who laughs last.

all smiles: becoming happy again especially after feeling sad

e.g. When Mary found out about the holiday, she was all smiles.

Step 4: Consolidation exercises.

1 Write out the words according to the English explanations.

1 make somebody laugh or simile ____________

2 the person in charge of a play ____________

3 very good of high quality ____________

4 full of eagerness or interest ____________

5 perform without preparation ____________

6 take place, happen ____________

7 worried or afraid ____________

8 unlike anything else ____________

9 text of a play, film, ____________

10 instrument that changes sound waves into electrical current used in broadcasting speech, music, etc. _____________

Answers

1. amuse 2 director 3 excellent 4 enthusiastic 5 improvise

6 occur 7 nervous 8 unique 9 script 10 microphone

II. Reading

Words: 333； time: 5’30”

A night of fun

Wednesday night 7:30 p.m. at the Chuckle Bar!

Starring Rodney Mann, Pedro Mendez and Larry Dunne!

Next Wednesday night at the Chuckle Bar we have an all-star line-up of comedians. Three of the world’s best known comedians are coming together for one night only. Book your tickets by calling 1-900-555-6565 or be at the door early to buy them before the show begins.

Rodney Mann

Mann is famous for his jokes about average people and their lives. Many of his jokes are social commentaries on everyday. He loves to set his jokes in New York, the city where he grew up.

Mann’s most famous opening line, “You know, I was walking down the street the other day…’ is know all over the world. He is just back from his tour of Europe, and is appearing at the Chuckle Bar for one night only. Don’t miss out!

Pedro Mendez

Pedro Mendez grew up on a small farm in Panama. He moved to the USA with his parents when he was ten, and has been telling jokes and making people laugh ever since. Recently, the 30-year-old comedian began filming a new TV programmer that he will both act in and produce.

Experience Mendez’s unique Latin style humor for yourself. His “I had a farm in Panama” routine is a classic that should not be missed.

Larry Dunne

Larry Dunne has been making people laugh all over the world for more than five decades. He began his career by performing for soldiers in Hawaii in the 1950s, and since then, he has been the host of his own late night TV programmer. The videos and DVDs of his performances are the best selling of any stand-up act out there. An old style comedian, Dunne uses lots of singing and dancing as part of his routines.

Dunne is best known for his jokes about life in the USA and how it has changed during his lifetime. This will be Dunne’s last show before he retires, so don’t miss it.

Call 1-900-555-6565 to reserve your tickets or be at the door by 7:00 p.m.

1 The comedy show will have_______ comedians on _______ night.

A three; one

B three; two

C one; three

D one; two

2 Rodney Mann grew up in ________.

A the USA

B Panama

C Hawaii

D New York

3 The show begins _______.

A at lunch time

B at 7:30 p.m.

C at 7:00 p.m.

D at 7:30 a.m.

4 Pedro Mendez has lived in ______for _____ years.

A the USA; thirty-four

B the USA; ten

C Panama; thirty-four

D the USA; twenty

5 The oldest comedian is probably ________, and has been performing _______.

A Rodney Mann; for over fifty years

B Larry Dunne; since the 1970s

C Larry Dunne; for over fifty years

D Pedro Mendes; for over fifty years

Answers

1-5 A DBDC

Step 5: Homework

1 Parts B1 and B2 on page101 of the Workbook.

2 Prepare the Part Grammar and Usage

● Grammar and usage

Step 1: General introduction

This section helps us overview present tenses. You are expected to review the four types of present tense. They are the simple present, the present continuous, the present perfect and the present perfect continuous.

Step 2: Explanation

I The present tense

1 表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)

The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。

2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用.

He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。

My mother works at the same company as my father. 我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。

We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心相互帮助。

3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。

Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。

Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。

4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。

The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。

Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。

5 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。

I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。

When you see her, just tell her that I am all right. 你见到她告诉她我很好。

Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。

If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.

如果你能接受我的邀请来参加我我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴的。

II. Present continuous tense

1 表示说话时正在进行的动作。

—what are you doing?

—I am writing a letter.

It’s raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.

2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。

Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。

He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一边教英语一边学中文。

3 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。

I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去见王先生。

I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. 我计划今年去青岛过暑假。

The plane is leaving for London soon. 飞机即将飞往伦敦。

4 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。

The girl is always talking loud in public. 那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。

She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. 她经常借钱却忘记还。

She is constantly complaining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。

Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

A 表示心理状态、情感的动词

Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need

B 表示存在状态的动词

appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on

C 表示瞬间动作的动词

allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete

D 表示感官的动词

see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look

III. The present perfect tense

1 表示反复发生的经历

He has hosted the show eight times. 他已经连续八次主持表演。

Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。

We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我们已去过长城多次。

2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。

He has paid his income tax. 他已经交了个人所得税。

Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer! 医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。

3 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。

My mother has been ill for three days. 我妈妈已经生病3天。

Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。

4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。

It is (has been) +一段时间＋ since +从句

This (that/ It ) is the first (second…) time that + 完成时

This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting….+that+完成时

It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他们结婚已有3年了。

It’s the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城。

This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。

Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。

If you have done the experiment, you’ll understand the theory better. 如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。

Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 车停稳之前，别忙着下车。

Notes: 注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时

(1) 时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。

(2) 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。

IV. The present perfect continuous tense

表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。

Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。

She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她从1995年就来深圳工作了。

Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。

The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子们一上午一直在看电视。

She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了将近一个小时。

Step 3: Practice

1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different tenses in the article.

Answers

1. am 2 have been writing 3 am looking 4 is 5 have been imagining

6 is 7 is making 8 has been planning 9 have designed

10 are printing 11 are going 12 is 13 hope 14 opens

2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense.

1 I am performing at the comedy Club tonight.

2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.

3 My family is coming to watch my show.

4 I am nervous about the show.

Step 4: Consolidation exercises

1. Multiple choice

1 How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. （2004北京春）

A. has been B had been C was D will be

2 I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. （2004北京春）

A. wouldn’t expect B haven’t expected C hadn’t expected D wasn’t expecting

3 Although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. (2004上海春)

A hadn’t left B didn’t leave C doesn’t leave D hasn’t left

4 ―Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to….

―Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______ you forget it! （2003全国）

A do B didn’t C did D don’t

5 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_______.（2003全国）

A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown

6 Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______ fresh for several days. （2003全国）

A be stayed B stay C be staying D have stayed

7 ―_______ David and Vicky _______ married? (2003北京)

―For about three years.

A How long were; being B How long have; got

C How long have; been D How long did; get

8 Come and see me whenever_______. (2003北京)

A you are convenient B you will be convenient]

C it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you

9 ―When will you come to see me, Dad?

―I will go to see you when you ______ the training course. (2003北京)

A will have finished B will finish

C are finishing D finish

10 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _______ yet. (2003北京春)

A are not decided B have not been decided

C has been completed D had been completed

11 I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全国)

A hasn’t written B doesn’t write C won’t write D hadn’t write

12 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______ from the university next year. （2002上海）

A will graduate B will have graduated C graduates D is to graduate

13 ―Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?

―It _______. （2004上海）

A all depend B all depends C is all depended D is all depending

14 John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that. (2002北京春)

A had been; have seen B have been; have seen

C had been; had seen D have been; had seen

15 ―How are the team playing?

―They’re playing well, but one of them ______ hurt. (2002北京春)

A got B gets C are being cut D had been cut

16 Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春)

A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut

17 It ______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春)

A will not be; will know B is; will know

C will not be; know D is; know

18 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly. （2001全国）

A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change

19 I _______ ping-pong quite will, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. （2001全国）

A will play B have played C played D play

20 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _______. （2001上海）

A have survive B are to survive C would survive D will survive

2. Translation

1 火车将在上午9：00点钟开。

_________________________________________________________________________.

2 那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。

_________________________________________________________________________.

3 别相信他。他经常撒谎

_________________________________________________________________________.

4 我做完家庭作业就去你家。

_________________________________________________________________________.

5 你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。

__________________________________________________________________________.

Answers:

1-5 ACDDC

6-10 BCCDD 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 CCADB

1. The train starts at nine in the morning.

2 That boy is always making trouble.

3 Don’t believe him. He is always telling lies.

4 I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

5 When you are going around the street, don’t forget the traffic rules.

3. Exercise.

I单选题：

1 --Where ______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

--I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.

A did you put; have put B have you; put

C had you put; have put D were you putting; have put

2 No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building.

A been given B given C to give D be giving

3 When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except for a few words of each.

A spoke; had forgotten B spoke; have forgotten

C had spoken had forgotten D had been broken into; stolen

4 The volleyball match will be put off if it ________.

A will rain B rains C rained D is raining

5 --Have you moved into the new house?

--Not yet, the rooms ________.

A are being painted B are painting

C are painted D are being painting

6 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?

A was happening B to happen C has happened D having happened

7 --Do you know our town at all?

--No, this is the first time I ______ here.

A was B have been C came D am coming

8 My dictionary ________. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______ it.

A has lost; don’t find B is missing; don’t find

C has lost; haven’t found D is missing; haven’t found

9 -- I am sorry to keep you waiting.

--Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.

A have been B had been C was D will be

10 I need one more stamp before my collection _______.

A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed

11 I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A hasn’t written B doesn’t write

C won’t write D hadn’t written

12 Great changes _______ in the city, and a lot of factories_________.

A have been taken place, have been set B have taken place, have been set up

C have taken place, have set up D were taken place, were set up

13 I promise that the matter will _______.

A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take care of

14 The surface of the table ______ smooth enough.

A hasn’t felt B doesn’t feel C isn’t feeling D isn’t feel

15 He never let himself ________.

A being cheated B to be cheated C cheating D be cheated

II. 用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充。

1.--How long_____ David and Vicky ______ _______(marry)?

--For about three years.

2.Come and see me whenever it ______(be) convenient to you.

3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______ ______(take).

4.--Are you still busy?

--Yes, I ______just ______(finish) my work, and it won’t take long.

5.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ (graduate)from the university next year.

6.Because the shop______ ______(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.

7. Every possible means _____ _____ _____(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

8.--What’s that terrible noise?

--The neighbors ______ ______(prepare) for a party.

9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003, so they_____ _____ _____(live) there for 3 years.

10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ ______(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.

11. You _____ always______(watch) television. Why not do something more active?

12. The crazy fans _____ _____ ______(wait) patiently for two hours and they will wait till the movie star arrives.

13. Don’t stop your car here. Look at the sign which _____(read) “No Parking!”

14. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_____ so rapidly.

15. The surface of the table _____ _____(not feel) smooth enough.

III.用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式翻译下列各句 ：

1. There _____ ______ ______(来了辆汽车)! Hurry up.

2. It is the second time that I_____ _____ _____(来到上海) in Shanghai. What great changes have

3. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003 and they won’t move any longer, so they______ ______ ______(live) there for 3 years

4. --- Can I help you, Madam?

--- No, thanks. I _____just______ ______(只是到处看看look around).

5. My money ______ ______ ______(快用光了run). I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.

6. New technology ______ ______ ______(正得到使用use) to make sure that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use ______ ______(不污染) the air. .

7. It won’t be too long before we _____ _____(设计出) a way to smooth away these difficulty.

8. Collecting stamps as a hobby _____ _____(已成为) increasingly popular during the past fifty years.

9.The war between the two countries is reported ____ ____ ____ ____(引起了result) a great loss.

10.It won’t be long before everything in the flooded area_____ _____(将恢复正常return)normal.

Answers

I 1—5 DABBA 6-10 CBDBD 11-15 ABBBD

II 1.have,been married 2.is 3.are taken 4.am,finishing 5.graduates

6.is closing 7.has been tried 8.are preparing 9. have been living

10.are persuaded 11. are always watching 12. have been waiting

13. reads 14. is changing 15. doesn’t feel

III 1. comes a bus 2. have been; is 3.have been living 4. am, looking around 5. is running out 6. is being used; don’t pollute 7. work out

8. has become 9.to have resulted in 10.returns to

● Task Writing to a foreign friend

This section consists of a series of activities which provide you with opportunities to learn and practice the listening, speaking, reading and writing skill. This section is divided into three steps and each step is preceded with a skills building part. Through listening and reading, you will get information about Chinese crosstalk. You are asked to use the information you have got to write an e-mail to a foreign friend answering his questions about Chinese crosstalk.

Skills building 1: identifying priorities

In this part, you will learn how to identify the most important part and the least important part of a task.

Now look at the sentences on the blackboard.

I need to know how many of you will go to watch the play this Saturday. I’ll have to book the tickets.

I want to know why you are so interested in the play.

I would like to know how you will go to the theatre.

Discuss in your groups and decide which one means the most important request and which one is the least important request. And give me your reasons. ( Do not judge whether their answers are right or not directly. Take notes of the reasons beside the sentences on the blackboard.)

If you want to know whether your judgment is right or wrong, you can refer to the guideline and the three points in skills building 1 on page 10.

Now have you known how to identify the most urgent request? Let’s come back to the sentences on the blackboard and check if you have judged correctly.

Step 1: answering questions

This part is designed to help you develop your listening skills. You are first asked to take some notes while listening to a telephone message and decide which requests are the most important, somewhat important or the least important, according to what you have learnt in Skills building 1. Then you will listen to an English radio talk show and read a magazine article to get more information needed to find the answers to the questions asked by a foreign friend.

1 read Part A on page 10 to make sure what you are asked to do when listening to the recording. While listening, you should take some notes and pay attention to the words used in Bill’s requests, so you decide what is the most important , somewhat important or the least important.

Tapescript

Bill: Hi, this is Bill! I’m sorry you are not at home. I need to ask you some questions. My teacher

has asked us to write a report about a form of comedy. I want to writhe about Chinese

crosstalk. Can you answer my questions about crosstalk and then e-mail me back the

answers? I’d appreciate it so much!

First, I need to know some basic information about crosstalk: What is crosstalk? When did it

start? What are the different parts of a crosstalk performance? I also would like to know

where one can hear it or see it. Do you watch it in a theatre or on television, or do you list3n

to it in the radio?

I want some information about famous crosstalk performers too, both living and dead. Please

tell me their names, and if they performed recently or a long time ago. If there are any

famous foreign crosstalk performers, then I would like to know about them.

The other thing I would like to know about is if it is possible to learn Chinese crosstalk. Do

people study it at school? Can I learn it outside of China? Do I need to speak Chinese to

enjoy crosstalk?

I know I have a lot of questions. I hope it is not a problem for you to answer them. Thank

you for your time. I’ll talk to you again soon. Bye!

Play the tape again for the students to check.

Answers:

A 1 most important 2 most important 3 most important 4 least important

5 somewhat important 6 somewhat important 7 somewhat important 8 least important 9 least important 10 least important 11 least important 12 least important

2 Now read the guidelines of Part B on page 11 to know what you should do to finish this part. Then listen to the radio talk show and make corrections. If you are not sure about your answers, I’ll let you listen to it again.

Tapescript:

Laura: Welcome to “Talking Comedy”, a show where we learn about different forms of comedy around the world. I’m your host, Laura Laughs. Today we’re talking about crosstalk, a traditional form of Chinese comedy. Our guest on the show is Cao Jun, a student who loves Chinese crosstalk. Welcome to the show!

Cao Jun: Thanks, it is great to be here!

Laura: Can you tell us a little bit about crosstalk?

Cao Jun: Of course! Crosstalk began during the Qing Dynasty, over 150 years ago. Performers then traveled between villages and did small comic performances. People liked these small comic performances very much. Eventually, some of the performers became quite famous. For may years, you could turn on the radio at anytime and hear people doing crosstalk in China. Now, the best time to see or heart crosstalk is in television during the Spring Festival.

Laura: What happens during a crosstalk performance?

Cao Jun: Crosstalk involves talking, imitating, telling jokes and singing. The talking is normally between two performers, who use language in clever ways that make people laugh. There is also a one-person form of crosstalk, and it is also sometimes done by three or more people. Unlike Western stand-up comedy, where comedians tell jokes that are only loosely related, a crosstalk performer tells a whole story. It has a clear beginning, middle and end.

Laura: Most of our English audience has never heard about crosstalk, so this is all new to them.

Cao Jun: Yes, that is because crosstalk is always done in Chinese. Crosstalk is not performed in English, and you must understand both the Chinese language and Chinese culture to understand the humor in it.

Laura: Well, Cao Jun, that is just another reason for people to study Chinese!

Cao Jun: Yes, it is.

Laura: Thanks for joining us in the show.

Cao Jun: My pleasure.

I will play the tape again for you to check.

Answers:

B 2 None of the crosstalk performers became famous. some

3 For many years, you could turn on the TV at any time and find a crosstalk performance.

radio

4 A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and dancing. telling jokes

5 Crosstalk can be done by two people only. one person, two people, three people or more

6 If you listen to a crosstalk performance, you will hear part of a story. a whole story

7 Crosstalk is sometimes performed in English. never

8 You don not need to understand the Chinese language and Chinese culture to enjoy crosstalk.

must

3 Please check the answers that you have got to the questions in Part A to see if there are some questions to which you have not found the answers. Let’s read the article in Part C and underline the answers you need.

Answers:

C Ding Guangquan, a well-known master of crosstalk (a Chinese comedy form), has been teaching this unique form to foreigners since 1989.

The most famous is Canadian Mark Roswell, known in China as Da Shan. Other students are David Moser (Mo Dawei) from the USA and Koiac Korio (Ka Erluo) from Yugoslavia.

Skills building 2: asking questions orally

In this part, you will practise asking questions orally in various forms and using the correct question words.

1. You need to answer the following questions and I’ll write down your answers on the blackboard.

What do we say when we want to ask whether someone knows something or not?

(Do you know…?)

Are there any other ways we can use to ask the same question?

(Could you please tell me if/whether…? Please tell me if/whether….? Would you mind telling me if/whether…?)

If we want to know someone’s name, what do we say?

(Who is…? Please tell me his/her name.)

If we want to know the time or the place that something happened, how will we ask the question?

(When/ Where did…? Please tell me when/where…)

2 Read the guidelines in this part and go over the sentence structures listed.

Step 2: taking part in a radio talk show

This part is designed to have you use what you have learnt in Skills building 2 to practice asking different forms of questions.

1 Read the guidelines and make sure you know what you are going to do in this part. And go over Column A on the right and decide what question words you should use according to the information in this column. You should know that for people’s names, you will use who or what name, that for a place, you should use where or at what place, and that for the year, you should use when or in which year. Are you clear?

2 Now work in pairs to ask and answer questions according to the two columns. You can ask more questions according to other information you have got in Steps 1 and 2. Try to use different ways to ask the same question. Minutes later, I’ll check your answer and see who can ask more questions for one piece of information.

Sample answers

S1: Do you know the names of the first crosstalk artists? Name one of them.

S2: Yes. Zhu Shaowen.

S1: Do you know what his stage name is?

S2 Qingbupa, or ‘Poor-but-proud’ in English.

S1: At what place/ Where did he perform?

S2: At Tianqiao, Beijing。

S1: Who is the most important master of crosstalk?

S2: Hou Baolin.

S1: Can you name one of Hou Baolin’s famous students, please?

S2: Yes. Ding Guangquan.

S1: What’s the name of the person who comes from a famous crosstalk family?

S2: Ma Sanli. His grandfather, father and brother all performed crosstalk.

S1: Is Ma Sanli still alive and giving performances now?

S2: No, he isn’t. hi is dead.

S1: When/In which year did he die?

S2: He died in 2003.

S1: Will you please name some famous modern cross talkers?

S2: Jiang Kun, Feng Gong and Niu Qun.

S1: Who do you think is a famous foreign crosstalk performer?

S2: Da Shan. He is the most popular foreign cross talker in China.

Skills building 3: answering questions in an e-mail

In this part, you will learn how to answer questions in an e-mail in an effective way.

1 Read the guidelines and the two points in this part. You will know what you should pay attention to when they use an e-mail to answer questions.

2 Read the sentence structures to know what informal language and formal language you can use to answer questions in e-mails. Do you know when to use informal ways and when to use formal ways to answer questions? You should know that when you write e-mails to your family members or good friends, you usually use informal language. If you write e-mails to someone important or you are applying for a job through e-mails, you should use formal language.

Step 3: writing an e-mail

This part is designed to have you use the information about Chinese crosstalk in Step1 and 2 and the skills building 1 and 3 to write an e-mail to Bill to answer his questions.

1 Work in pairs to discuss what you should write in the e-mail to Bill. Decide the order of the answers according to the importance of the questions. You should also decide what structure you use to write the e-mail.

2 Please write the e-mail after the discussion. I’ll choose some different styles of e-mails, formal or informal, to help you compare and think about which style you think is better.

Possible example

Dear Bill, I think I have got enough information about crosstalk and can answer your questions about it. Crosstalk is a traditional form of Chinese comedy, which began during the Qing Dynasty. At that time, performers traveled between villages and did small comic performances.

You asked me about different parts of crosstalk performance. It can be done by one person, two people, three people or more, and involves singing, telling jokes and talking. The talking is normally between two performers, who twist their language in way that make people laugh. There is also a one-person form of crosstalk, and it is occasionally done by three or more people. You can hear a whole story if you listen to a crosstalk performance. It has an obvious beginning, middle and end.

You wanted to know something about famous crosstalk performers, living and dead. One of the first crosstalk artists was Zhu Shaowen, whose stage name was Qiongbupa, or ‘Poor-but-proud’ in English. The most important master is Hou Baolin, who died in 1993. another one named Ma Sanli was from a famous crosstalk family, whose grandfather, father and brother were all crosstalk performers. He died in 2003. there are quite a few famous crosstalk artists loved by the Chinese people and they are still active on stage, such as Jiang Kun, Feng Gong and Niu Qun. Now there are also some famous foreign crosstalk performers, among whom is Da Shan from Canada. A lot of Chinese know him and like his performance very much.

As for where one can here it or see it, we often listen to it on the radio or TV. The best time to see or hear crosstalk is on television during the Spring Festival.

You asked if you could learn it outside of China and if you needed to speak Chinese to enjoy crosstalk. You hardly get the chance to learn crosstalk outside of China. And if you want to enjoy it, you must be able to speak Chinese. Now in Beijing, a famous crosstalk master Ding Guangquan gives lessons to foreigners. He was one of Hou Baolin’s students and has been teaching foreigners to perform since 1989. If you want to know more about Chinese crosstalk, just e-mail me.

Yours,

(student’s own name)

3 Finish the note in part A on page 106 in workbook after listening to the recordings. Then you can complete the article in Part C on the same page.

● Project Putting on a play

I General induction

This section is designed to help you learn and use English through doing a project. You are first asked to read the two plays in Part A. You should understand what the two plays are about. Then you are encouraged to perform one of the two plays. The purpose of this section is to let you use what you have learnt to finish a project by working together. In the course of doing the project, you will discuss what steps are needed to prepare a play. In order to finish the project, you will discuss what steps are needed to prepare a play. In order to finish the project, you are expected to learn how to cooperate as a team and how to fulfill each part of the work.

II Reading

Part A

1 Read the first play and try to ask the following questions:

Is there a bench in the courtyard? (Actually no)

What dies the word ‘invisible’ mean? (It means ‘can’t be seen’)

Is this a comedy? Why or why not? (Yes, it is a comedy because it is very funny.)

In the reading passage of this unit, we have learnt that there are four main types of stand-up comedy. They are observational, prop, physical and impressionist. In what style of comedy do you think this one is? ( It is in the physical style. Actors use body language to perform the play.)

2 Read the second play and answer the following questions:

How many characters are there in the play? Who are they? (Three. The king, the Queen and the servant.)

Who do you think is the main character in the play? (The King.)

What does the King actually want? (Toilet paper.)

Why are the others unable to understand him? (Because he was a king and he says that he wants important papers. The others would mistake them for some official documents.)

In what style of stand-up comedy is this play? (It is in the style of prop. Actors use the prop — toilet paper and some other papers to perform the play.)

How does the playwright make the play funny? (The playwright uses a play upon words— important paper and toilet paper--- to make people laugh.)

3 Let’s do Parts B1 and B2 on page 101 in Workbook to practice the usages of some words and phrases learnt in this section.

4 Please do Parts D1 and D2 on page 103 in Workbook as your homework. The two exercises will help you be more familiar with the usages of some words, phrases, and patterns learnt in this unit.

Part B

1 Now work in groups of four to discuss the eight questions given in this part. While discussing, you should choose one of the two plays to perform. You should also allocate the different tasks among your group members. For example, who will be the actors and actresses? Who will be the director? Who will make the scenery if it is needed? Who will find props? Who will make costumes? You may make a flow chart to help you manage the task.

Before perform it, you need to practice a lot.

2 Have each group perform the play. After all the groups have performed their plays, have students decide which group’s performance is the best, and who is the best actor or actress in the class. The awards may also go to the best costume, the best director, etc.

3 Last, read the article in Part A on page 107 in Workbook, and then write a summary. You may do it as your homework.

III Practice

用下列词适当形式填充。

doubt, happen, see, hold, uncross, you, surprise, tear

The important papers

Once upon a time, there (1)______ a very funny story among three people, the King, the Queen and a servant. One day, as soon as the King entered the palace, he called in a servant and told him he had to have some important papers immediately. Soon came back the servant with a stack of official-looking papers, but (2)______this, the King threw them away at once and shouted: “No, no, no bring my important papers!” The servant dashed out and in a minute re-entered with a newspaper in his hand. This time, to his (3)______, the King tore it into halves and cried: “No, (4)______fool! I must have my important papers RIGHT NOW!!!” However, like the first and second time, the servant failed to bring the King what he wanted several times. Even the Queen didn’t know what her husband wanted and just (5)______ a page from her book and offered it to King. The King moved around in his chair, crossed and (6)_____his legs and seemed very anxious. At last, the servant (7)_______ out a roll of toilet paper. He was puzzled and (8)_______whether the King needed it or not. On the contrary, upon getting it, the King ran out as fast as possible. So can you guess what happened to the King?

Answers:

1.happened 2.seeing 3.surprise 4.you 5.tore 6.uncrossed 7.held 8.doubted

● Self-assessment

This part aims to help you determine the progress you have made, how well you have achieved it, and also what else you can do to improve your studies.

In part A, some items are presented to you to check how well you think you have developed these skills. Each item corresponds to one or more parts in this unit. For example, after finishing Part E on page 5, you will know whether you can understand the useful words in the reading material and can use them properly. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. The color bar with 5 levels rates how confident you feel about what you have learnt in this unit. If you feel very confident about one item, you give yourselves a score of 5. If you feel slightly confident about another item, you get a score of 2. After going over all the items in this part, you need to add all the scores up and divide the total amount by the total sum. Thus, you will get a percentage, which shows your level. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, including skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, the usages of vocabulary and grammar items, as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing yourselves as learners, you will realize whether you have achieved the goals in this unit.

If you feel there are some areas in which you are not confident or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and take some effective measures.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分 教学资源

Section 1 Text structure analysis

I. Summary of the text

Main idea of the passage

A general introduction of stand-up comedy

Main idea of Part 1

How many types of stand-up there are.

Main idea of Part 2

Introduce a famous comedian---- Billy Crystal.

Main idea of Part 3

The effect stand-up and other forms of comedy

have on people.

II. A tree diagram of the text:

III. A retold version of the text

Stand-up is one of the most well-know and well-loved types of comedy. In observational comedy, the comedian makes jokes about humorous things he or she observes in everyday life. Prop comedians use props to tell their jokes. Physical comedians use their bodies to make jokes. Impressionist comedians act or speak like a well-known person, which is called doing an impression of the person. Billy crystal is one of the stand-up comedians who have become famous as television and film actors later in life. His popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all over the world prove that stand can be enjoyed by everyone.

Doctors have bee researching the effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have on people. They have discovered that people who laugh a lot live longer. This agrees with the English saying ‘Laughter is the best medicine’.

IV．Translation of reading and project

Reading

有益身心健康的单口喜剧

人们从来爱笑，幽默一直存在。有一种非常出名、深受人们喜爱的喜剧形式, 叫做单口喜剧。

单口喜剧很特别，因为单口喜剧演员与观众面对面，可以和某些观众直接交谈。单口喜剧演员可以拿某一观众开玩笑，也可以根据观众的反应随机应变，说不同的笑话。

单口喜剧的类型

单口喜剧有不同的类型，主要有四类：观察评论类、道具类、形体动作类和印象模仿类。在观察评论类单—口喜剧中，演员拿自己在日常生活中所观察到的幽默趣事来讲笑话。如果你听到演员就人们在排队时的行为方式开玩笑，或者演员问为什么偏偏在你忘记带雨伞的时候开始下雨呢，你这时候就是在听一个观察评论类单口喜剧演员在表演。道具类单口喜剧演员借助物品(行话叫道具)来说笑话。如果看不见道具，这类笑话就索然无味了。这是—种视觉幽默。如果演员指着一个电脑网球游戏说：“我每天都打网球，已经—个月了。我就是搞不懂，为什么体重就一点也降不下来呢?”该演员就是在拿电脑作为道具。形体动作类演员运用肢体语言来说笑话。这些演员多年来玩的把戏有：被椅子绊倒，撞到了房门，或者是跌倒在舞台上。最后一种表演方式就是印象模仿类单口喜剧。这类演员的动作或说话方式都像某个名人，也就是针对该名人做印象模仿。

一位著名的喜剧演员

只有为数不多的单口喜剧演员在随后的生涯中成为走红的影视明星。—个成功的例子就是比利·克里斯托。和其他转向电影表演的单口喜剧演员—样，克里斯托现在依然热爱单口喜剧。全世界的观众都喜爱看他主持的奥斯卡颁奖典礼。他曾主持过八次奥斯卡颁奖典礼。每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼的时候，他都会通过电视直播在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧保留节日。这里有一个鲜为人知的事实：每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼的时候，克里斯托总要在自己的口袋里放一把牙刷，以此得到幸运!他说，这是因为从小时候开始练习单口喜剧的时候，他就习惯于站在镜子面前，边刷牙边对自己说笑话!

克里斯托之所以如此出名， 原因之—就是他有非凡的即兴发挥才能。他思维异常敏捷，特别擅长就身边的人或事即兴编排笑话。当克里斯托主持2004年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼时，期间有 一个在无声电影时代就开始表演的老演员上台发言。老演员讲了好几分钟，却忘了先把话筒打开。观众自然没有人能够听见他在说些什么，大家只能看见他站在那里，两片嘴唇动个不停。见此情景， 克里斯托干脆放弃了事先准备好的笑话，即兴编了一个笑话。他说： “看来，他不愧是从默片起家的啊!”观众暴笑。

克里斯托深受各年龄段人群的喜爱.。他有能力让世人感到开心，这证明，单口喜剧能被所有入欣赏。你可以期待听到比利·克里斯托表演更多的单口喜剧——他尚无停止电影表演的打算，也没有停止讲笑话的想法。他希望效仿鲍勃·霍普和乔治·伯恩斯等单口喜剧明星，这两位著名演员都活到了—百岁，而且生命不息、工作不止。

笑，有益健康!

如今，单口喜剧流行全世界。医学工作者一直在研究单口喜剧和其他喜剧形式能够对人们产生什么样的影响。他们发现的结果令人惊讶!医学工作者发现，经常大笑的人长寿!医学工作者说，这是因为你笑的时候，大脑会向全身传送有益健康的化学物质。笑有助于保持身体健康，甚至能够帮助你战胜疼痛。这个说法或许能够解释鲍勃·霍普和乔治·伯恩斯两人长寿的秘诀吧!不管是什么原因，研究表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。所以，行动起来，让别人笑—笑——这或许能够有助于他们(以及你自己)长命百岁!

Project

隐形长凳

人物： 五名学生

场景： 某公园

迈克： 真的，这个院子要说缺的，就是—条长凳。或许可以放这儿? (“坐下来”， 好像有一条长凳似的) 不。(站起来， 走到舞台另外一端。托尼上场， 但迈克没有注意)也许这儿? (又“坐下来”)嗯，我想也许可以放这儿。

托尼： 你在干什么呢?

迈克： 我自然是坐在—条隐形长凳上噢。

托尼： 我可以坐你旁边吗?

迈克： 当然可以。(挪至一边，仿佛是在给对方腾出空间)

托尼： 啊，这里相当惬意啊，对吧?

迈克： 的确是。

两人坐了一会儿，挪动挪动位置， 翘起双腿， 又分开双腿，读一本书，在笔记本上写点什么，或者做些人们坐在长凳上时可能做的其他事情。

卡西上场。

卡西： 你们在这干啥呀?

迈克： 我们正坐在—条隐形长凳上呢。

托尼： 你不妨也来吧。这里真的很舒服。

卡西： 好的。(迈克和托尼挪到一边，卡西坐下来)哇噻，真的好舒服啊I

波拉上场。

波拉： 你们坐在一条隐形长凳上，是吧?

卡西： 是啊，你怎么知道的?

波拉： 我也曾做过同样的事，就昨天。介意我坐下来吗?

迈克看上去有点气恼的样子。

托尼和卡西：不介意不介意。请坐!

大家都为卡西腾出地方。 迈克却站起来， 溜达到了舞台中央，然后 “坐” 下来。

安上场， 看着迈克。

安： 你看上去像是坐在条隐形长凳上嘛。

迈克： 是啊，没错。

安： 那他们在那边又是干什么呢?

波拉和卡西：我们也是坐在一条隐形长凳上呀!

迈克： 不，你们不是!

托尼： 我们怎么不是?

迈克； 对，你们不是。我想必是；忘记告诉你们了。(面带微笑)刚才人太拥挤，所以我就将长凳给抽走了。

一行人(托尼、波拉和卡西)都倒了下去。

剧终

重要的纸

人物： 国王，王后，仆人

场景：皇宫。国王的御座空着。王后坐在自己的御座上，在读一本书。

国王上。

国王： 我们的仆人都上哪儿去了?—群懒鬼。(叫喊)仆人!

仆人上。

仆人： 陛下，您需要什么?

国王： 我需要，不，我必须拿到，我的(挑起眉毛，意味深长地看着仆人)重要的纸(坐上御座)仆人拿着一摞官样文件上场， 将文件递给国王。

国王： 这都是些什么? (将文件扔向仆人)不对，不对，不对，把我重要的纸拿来!

仆人一躬身, 小跑着离去, 之后手持一份报纸重新上场。

国王： 不对，你这个傻瓜! (将报纸扯为两半)我必须拿到我的重要的纸，现在就要!

仆人退下， 之后手持一份杂志重新上场。

国王： 啊呀呀呀! (抓着杂志，用杂志将仆人撵下台)把……我的……重要的……纸……：拿来…… 现在就要!情况紧急! (转向王后)亲爱的，你跟他说！

王后： 嗯哼，(起身， 庄重宣布) 国王陛下急需他的重要的纸。责你立即送达国王陛下。(转向国王) 行吗?

国王在座位上不停地挪动着身体, 一会儿架起双腿, 一会儿放下双腿。

王后： 你没事吧?你看上去……有些着急……

国王： 我没事，我只是需要(意味深长地)我的重要的纸。

仆人冲上舞台， 来到王后身边， 两手空空，耸了耸肩膀。王后指向一本词典或者是墙上的招贴画之类。仆人就赶紧跑过去，将其取下送给国王。

国王： 不对不对不对不对!根本不对。你们当中—定有人能将我重要的纸拿来!

王后从自己的书上扯下一页，送给国王。他瞪着王后。仆人重新上场，身后拿着什么东西。

仆人： 陛下? (递上一卷卫生纸)

国王： 对了!这就是我最最重要的纸! (飞速冲下舞台， 在下台的过程中或许还会撞到人或什么东西)

剧终

●Section 2 Background information

I. 相关背景知识

Laughter is the "Best Medicine" for Your Heart

By Michelle WeinsteinUniversity of Maryland Medical System Web Site Writer

Can a laugh every day keep the heart attack away? Maybe so.

Laughter, along with an active sense of humor, may help protect you against a heart attack, according to a recent study by cardiologists at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. The study, which is the first to indicate that laughter may help prevent heart disease, found that people with heart disease were 40 percent less likely to laugh in a variety of situations compared to people of the same age without heart disease.

"The old saying that 'laughter is the best medicine,' definitely appears to be true when it comes to protecting your heart," says Michael Miller, M.D., director of the Center for Preventive Cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center and associate professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. "We don't know yet why laughing protects the heart, but we know that mental stress is associated with impairment of the endothelium, the protective barrier lining our blood vessels. This can cause a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to fat and cholesterol build-up in the coronary arteries and ultimately to a heart attack."

In the study, researchers compared the humor responses of 300 people. Half of the participants had either suffered a heart attack or undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. The other 150 did not have heart disease. One questionnaire had a series of multiple-choice answers to find out how much or how little people laughed in certain situations, and the second one used true or false answers to measure anger and hostility.

Miller said that the most significant study finding was that "people with heart disease responded less humorously to everyday life situations." They generally laughed less, even in positive situations, and they displayed more anger and hostility.

"The ability to laugh -- either naturally or as learned behavior -- may have important implications in societies such as the U.S. where heart disease remains the number one killer," says Miller. "We know that exercising, not smoking and eating foods low in saturated fat will reduce the risk of heart disease. Perhaps regular, hearty laughter should be added to the list."

Miller says it may be possible to incorporate laughter into our daily activities, just as we do with other heart-healthy activities, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator. "We could perhaps read something humorous or watch a funny video and try to find ways to take ourselves less seriously," Miller says. "The recommendation for a healthy heart may one day be exercise, eat right and laugh a few times a day."

A radio talk show about stand-up

American Cafe

Script: Stand-up Comedy Class

J: Hello everyone and welcome to American Cafe! My name's Jody.

Y: 欢迎大家到美语咖啡屋。我是杨晨。

J: So, Yang Chen, I have a joke. Do you have a minute?

Y: Uh huh.

J: Okay, did you hear the one about the mushroom who walked into the bar?

Y: 一只蘑菇走进一个酒吧，很好笑啊。

J: Well, a mushroom walked into a bar and the bartender said, "Hey, get out of here. We don't serve your kind."

Y: 为什么？

J: That's exactly what the mushroom asked. "What do mean you don't serve my kind...I'm a fun guy!" Fun-guy. You know, fungus ... See the mushroom's a fungus. Oh, never mind. It's kind of funny. Yang Chen, are you there? Don't you get it? Fungus...Fungi...

Y: Hahha ... 是挺幽默的。我相信我们的听众在收音机前已经笑得直不起腰来了。

J: Oh you know what, don't humor me，Yang Chen.

Y: 不错，你还是挺会讲笑话的。继续努力。

J: You know maybe I should take me friend's comedy class. You know, polish my act a little.

Y: A little？

J: Yeah, you know polish it up a little.

Y: 真的有这种专门教人讲笑话的课吗？

J: Oh sure. My friend Jason teaches a stand up comedy class so I went to check it out.

Y: 怎么样，有什么收获吗？

J: Actually the thing that surprised me the most was how serious the class was. Jason talked a lot about the pain and sorrow in comedy.

Y: 痛苦，悲伤？你确定他们上的是喜剧课？

J: I was surprised too. But let's here from Jason as he describes his philosophy of comedy.

Jason: Comedy is actually your pain turned into comedy; that is what it is. It's the things that affect you in your life. Unfortunately the things that most people will laugh at are your pain and your sorrow that actually is actually in their life as well in some sort of fashion, maybe a bad mother, a bad father, bad working conditions, something like that, but they can still identify.

Y: Jason讲的倒是挺有道理的。幽默就是把自己的痛苦经历当笑话讲给别人听。这样既可以引起他们的共鸣，又可以让他们哈哈一笑，忘记了生活中的不愉快。这的确是很深奥的道理。

J: I agree. We all laugh at things we can identify with. As a comic Jason is not afraid of sharing the most painful parts of his life. During our interview as we were driving from his stand-up class Jason talked about how he grew up with a heart condition, his open heart surgery and the connection to comedy.

Jason: Comedy has always been dear to my heart. Um, I grew up with a heart condition I had open-heart surgery. Um, I found that comedy was the unique thing that would bring people together. And it was always something I could do to make them laugh and help them enjoy their life and actually take their pain and sorrow of their life, identify it with me ... and actually get some sort of ... maybe a closure or some sort of ending to their saga or their story.

Y: 其实我们每个人在生活中都有这样的经历。 你越是在困难的时候就越想看喜剧片或者听听笑话。

J: Oh, I think so too.

Y: 说到这里，我很好奇，Jason的学生都是些什么人呢？

J: Most of the students in the class were older women. There was only one man. Here's Jason again talking about one of his students.

Jason: One of my students had brain surgery and she wanted to use it as some sort of healing. Bring out her pain into the public and actually to resolve that and turn her pain into someone else's happiness. And, um, it's a way of putting closure on events.

Y: Jason刚才讲的这个学生做过脑部手术。她想借助喜剧来恢复健康。对这个学生来说，"putting closure on events" 就意味着要忘掉过去的痛苦，开始新的生活。说起来美国的这种 "stand-up comedy" 是一种很特殊的喜剧表演方式，有点类似中国的单口相声。

J: Stand-up comedy is one of the hardest types of performing. It literally means that you stand up in front of people and make them laugh.

Y: 我有个很严肃的问题：要是没有人笑该怎么办？

J: You know that's a good question. You feel vulnerable. You feel exposed. You feel embarrassed. You feel naked.

Y: 还是广播好，我们可以用音响效果来掩饰你的尴尬。

J: That's right!

Y: 对，要是没人笑，你按一下按钮用音响效果就可以了。

J: Let me tell my joke again and see if it's any better.

Y: 好阿，效果一定很好。

J: We'll finish with my joke. Thanks for joining us on American Cafe.

Y: 好，我们今天的时间到了。谢谢您到美语咖啡屋。我们下次节目再见。

J: So a mushroom walks into a bar ...

(laughter)

J: ... and the bartender says, "Hey get out of here! We don't serve your kind.

(laughter)

A general introduction of Da Shan ( Mark Roswell)

大山(MarkRoswell)是中国电视观众非常熟悉的国际友人。十几年前，大山作为第一名外籍相声演员而扬名天下。大山的相声节目雅俗共赏，脍炙人口，有机地结合了中西文化，获得了曲艺内行以及广大观众的高度评价。相声之外，大山所从事的中外交流工作涉足文化、教育、商贸、公益等各领域。自称是“自由职业”的大山如今已经发展成一位全方位的中外友好使者。“加拿大在中国的友好大使莫过于‘大山’。”加拿大前总理克雷蒂安“大山虽然是外国人，但不是外人”。《人民日报海外版》1998年，中国的改革开放20周年时，大山作为“20年来在中国最有影响的外国人之一”被列入《新周刊》20年风云人物谱。世纪之交大山被多伦多大学评为“20世纪最有影响的100名校友”之一。同时美国《时代周刊》预计大山将成为“未来将塑造21世纪的青年人”之一。2002年大山应邀正式被列入“加拿大名人录”。2004第大山被评为北京十大杰出青年，成为获此殊荣的首位外籍人士。大山(MarkRoswell)是中国电视观众非常熟悉的国际友人。

艺苑园丁 广纳桃李 笑声泉涌

相声一直以其幽默诙谐的舞台风格和雅俗共赏的表演形式深受大众喜爱。近年，相声艺术借助迅速崛起的影视、网络技术等先进传播手段打破时空界限，走进亿万家庭，致使许多外国人不远万里前来学艺，相声舞台涌现了许多“洋笑星”。他们多数是著名相声演员丁广泉先生的门生。

丁广泉系中国相声大师侯宝林先生的入室弟子，中国煤矿文工团著名相声演员，中国曲艺家协会会员，由于他在弘扬民族文化方面的突出贡献，先后被世界人物出版社、美国海外艺术家协会授予世界艺术大师称号。

丁先生自1989年开始教授加拿大洋学生大山并创作《新编孔乙己》以来， 10余年间陆续又收了巴西、美国、黎巴嫩、荷兰、法国、日本等国的70多位洋徒弟。如今诸多弟子纷纷成了中国曲艺舞台和踪艺晚会上的明星，像大山、卡尔罗、莫大伟、郝莲露等更是逢年过节晚会上不可缺少的“角儿”。

文化使人相知，交流使人相近。丁广泉的洋弟子们对此理解颇深。第一位向丁先生学艺的大山，离开北大后曾在加拿大驻华大使馆文化处工作过。大山是一位家喻户晓的“洋笑星”，他称丁广泉为恩师和搭档。他认为学习中国的民间说唱艺术是一个掌握中国语言、了解中国文化的最佳途径。一个外国人怀着对中国的一份好奇心来到中国，时间长了，感情深了，中国成了他的第二故乡。大山认为，“学习一种语言，必须同时接受其背景的文化。不接受一种语言所代表和表现的文化，肯定学不好这种语言，两者密不可分。同样，要学好一门艺术必然要对产生这一艺术形式的社会有比较充分的认识”。

  对于丁广泉教授的“洋学生”以及他们在艺术舞台和中外文化交流方面做出的辛勤努力和取得的卓越成就，我想借用相声前辈马三立老先生勉励后人的话与丁教授的“洋徒弟”们共勉（学大师样子）：“我就嘱咐你们一句话：别骄傲，百尺竿头要更上一层楼，一层不行就再高点儿，上九九八十一层楼——可千万别忘了带钥匙！

Section 4 words and expressions from the text

● Welcome to the unit

1. Everyone agrees that laughter is good for you. (page 1) 每个人都认为笑对身体有好处。

laughter

n. [U] the act or sound of laughing 笑；笑声；笑的样子She roared with laughter (= laughed very loudly).As we approached the hall we could hear the sound of laughter.

常用搭配：burst into laughter 爆发出一阵笑声

roar with laughter 放声大笑

be good for

(1）beneficial; wholesome 对……有益的;有益健康的

Is this kind of food good for me?

Sunshine is good for your plants.

Exercise is good for health.

(2) suitable; appropriate 对……适合;对…..适宜

It’s a good time for buying a house.

She would be good for the job.

This beach is good for swimming but bad for surfing.

agree

vi. or vt. to have the same opinion, or to accept a suggestion or idea:Ann and I never seem to agree.I agree with you on this issue.My father and I don't agree about/on very much.[+ that] I agree that he should be invited.[+ question word] Experts seem unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not.[+ speech] "You're absolutely right,” agreed Jake.I suggested that we should meet, and they agreed (= said yes).[+ to infinitive] The bank has agreed (= is willing) to lend me £5000.

相关短语:

in agreement with 同意,赞同

reach/ come to/ arrive at an agreement 达成协议

break an agreement 违反协议

conclude/ make an agreement 签订关于……的协议

2. Which of the events above do you think will be the funniest? (page 1) 你认为上面那件事罪有趣?

句法分析:此句为复杂疑问句,其结构为: 疑问词+do you think +其余部分(陈述语序)

who do you think is the tallest in your class?

Why do you think the earth’s temperature keeps rising?

● Reading

1.people have always enjoyed laughing, and there has always been humor.

人们总是喜欢笑,并且总是含有幽默感.

enjoy doing 喜欢做, doing动名词做enjoy的宾语.

I enjoy watching TV.

后接v-ing 的动词还有: appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, precise, resist, risk, stand, suggest

I don’t mind waiting for you in the cold wind.

Have you considered making some necessary changes to yu plan?

Only by practicing speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.

I didn’t imagine your coming here so early.

相关高考试题

----There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.

----My goodness! I can’t imagine ______ that old. (2006.江苏)

A to be B be have been C being D having been

答案:C

humor

1) n. [U] the ability to be amused by things, the way in which people see that some things are amusing or the quality of being amusing:He's got a great sense of humor (= he is very able to see things as amusing).I must say I find his schoolboy (= childish) humor rather tiresome.

2) vt. to do what someone wants so that they do not become annoyed or upset:I applied for the job just to humor my parents.

humorous

 adj. funny, or making you laugh:Her latest book is a humorous look at teenage life.

2. A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes on response t the reactions of an audience. (page 2)单口喜剧演员可能就某一观众开玩笑，或是根据观众的反映讲不同的笑话。

make fun of

cause people to laugh at sb./ sth., usually unkindly; ridicule sb./sth. 取笑；哪……

开玩笑

常用搭配: make fun of=poke fun at开玩笑;嘲笑

Play jokes on 开……的玩笑

Play a trick on捉弄,开玩笑

It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.

Don’t play jokes on that poor girl.

Don’t be serious. He just played a trick on you just now.

相关高考试题

Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were tougher, _________ f