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Tampa Convention Center • Tampa, Florida
EER Optimizer™ for DX Air ConditionersMike West, PhD, PE
Advantek Consulting EngineeringAugust 16, 2017
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
TOPICS• Problems addressed• EER Optimizer on-board• i-Optimize hand-held• IoT cloud connectivity• Field Tests• Summary
2
EER Optimizer™ for DX Air Conditioners
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Most U.S. commercial space is conditioned with unitary package equipment, yet it is the lowest performing type.
Problems addressed
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Current unitary air conditioner design compromises operating costs and performance for the lowest purchase price.
Loads drastically differ from Florida to California, Texas to Illinois In many applications latent cooling capacity is inadequate, SHRs are
too high, and expensive reheat is used for dehumidification. Most current designs maximize energy efficiency at the AHRI IEER
rating points, which does not give the lowest possible energy cost. Performance is difficult to cost-effectively maintain.
“ Compromise is but the sacrifice of one right or good in the hope of retaining another - too often ending in the loss of both.”
Tryon Edwards
Problems addressed
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
The technology is utilized in two systems:Hand-held instrument for quick, portable measurement & diagnosis
On-board controller to optimize & report operational parameters
EER Optimizer is a cost-effective IoT technology that:a) Diagnoses and mitigates degrading energy efficiency of DX HVAC systemsb) Optimizes operational parameters as load and conditions varyc) Realizes best achievable efficiency as operating conditions and load changes
EER Optimizer™ for DX Air Conditioners
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
• Optimizes all operating parameters• Target is maximum EER while precisely
meeting sensible and latent loads• Continuous performance tuning
Supply Blower Speed Condenser Fan Speed Refrigerant Flow & Charge Supply Air Temperature Coil Temperature Economizer Damper
• Web monitoring & reporting EER, IEER Efficiency, Tons Capacity Detects faults: low refrigerant, stuck TXV,
restricted airflow, broken economizer, compressor wear, fouled coil, … many others.
Sensitive diagnostics identify issues before they become problematic
On-board EER Optimizer is installed in DX package units and split systems.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
RUN MODE energy efficiency comparisonsMANUAL – reverts to factory control
sequence of operationAUTO – temperature and humidity set
points optimally met via blower, damper and fan speed control
OPTIMIZE – maximum energy efficiency sought via continuous simultaneous adjustment of all operational parameters while precisely satisfying comfort and IAQ requirements.
On-board EER Optimizer features integral commissioning and energy savings Measurement & Verification.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
The portable i-Optimize™ connects to any DX package unit or split system, measures energy efficiency & cooling performance, and diagnoses faults.
Voltage Probes
Amp Clamp
Humidity Probes
Hi/Lo Refrigerant Pressure Sensors
Temperature Clamps
Temperature Probe
The portable i-Optimize has 12 sensors and a CPU consisting of 2 cloud-linked single-board computers. It allows a technician to take a comprehensive set of measurements, evaluate system performance, verify corrections, and upload readings for analysis and documentation.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
• Tests EER, IEER, Tons• Web connected
• Remote tech assistance• Readings stored in cloud• Historical trends analyzed• Reporting &
documentation• Diagnostics identify
issues before problematic• Low refrigerant• Stuck TXV• Restricted airflow• Compressor wear• Fouled coil
The portable i-Optimize™ connects to a cloud server and performs diagnostics.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
RTUControllerGUI
Any Web DeviceTablet, Phone, Laptop
Cloud Servers
php
Web
Sock
et
LANVPN
or co
mm
ercia
l WAN
InternetDatabase
http://eeroptimizer.com/summary/
EER Optimizer on-board and hand-held are cloud connected IoT devices.
http://eeroptimizer.com/portable/
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Field Test 1: Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, SC
MCX
MCA
SB, S
outh
Car
olin
a
Mixed-Humid Climate Zone 3A2650 Cooling Degree-Days
On-board EER Optimizer was installed in fully instrumented 2003 dual compressor Trane 20-ton rooftop DX unit.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
MCA
SB, S
outh
Car
olin
a
Portable i-Optimize was used to diagnose energy efficiency degradation on 10 units, measure IEER, and estimate energy savings after servicing.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Operational Energy Efficiency: 13.1% ImprovementEER Optimizer Demonstration - MCASB Bldg 1283 RT-2
Trane YCD241 2/2003, IEER rating 11.2
MANUAL11.9
AUTOMATIC13.0
OPTIMIZE13.4
10
11
12
13
14
15
Data period: June 8 - September 7, 2016
IEER
[MB
H/k
W]
MCA
SB, S
outh
Car
olin
a
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
MCA
SB, S
outh
Car
olin
a
Energy Savings After Servicing MCASBAverage 26% Savings
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
RT-1RT-11RT-3RT-4RT-5RT-6RT-7RT-8RT-9
RT-10
Energy Savings
• Portable i-Optimize energy efficiency measurements of 10 units at MCASB• Average “before” energy efficiency loss versus factory rating: 42%• Average age of unit: 13.3 years.• Average IEER: rated 11.0 / “before” 6.4 / “after” 8.8
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Field Test 2: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL (Patrick AFB)Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU)
Engineering Development Laboratory
CCAF
S-N
OTU
, Flo
rida
Hot-Humid Climate Zone 2A3290 Cooling Degree-Days
On-board EER Optimizer was installed in fully instrumented 2012 10-ton dual-compressor Carrier R410a package DX unit.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
CCAF
S-N
OTU
, Flo
rida
Portable i-Optimize was used to diagnose energy efficiency degradation on 10 units, measure IEER, and estimate energy savings after servicing.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Operational Energy Efficiency: 21.5% ImprovementEER Optimizer Demonstration - NOTU Hangar Y, CCAFS, FL
Carrier 50HCD-09 1/2012, IEER rating 13.2
MANUAL12.8
AUTOMATIC14.5
OPTIMIZE15.5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Data period: June 5 - September 8, 2016
IEER
[MB
H/k
W]
CCAF
S-N
OTU
, Flo
rida
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
CCAF
S-N
OTU
, Flo
rida
Comparison of Measured CCAFS vs Rated Efficiency Average IEER 7.2 vs 11.9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
6263062630S62630N
55865817015589349926499261115
52003
IEER [MBH/kW]
RATED IEERCIRC 1CIRC 2
• Portable i-Optimize energy efficiency measurements of 10 units at CCAFS• Average “before” energy efficiency loss versus factory rating: 39%• Average age of unit: 10.9 years.• Energy savings “after” servicing: 22%
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Field Test 3: Fort Irwin, CANational Training Center
DPW Environmental
Arm
y Ft
. Irw
in, C
alifo
rnia
Mojave High DesertHot-Dry Climate Zone 3B3134 Cooling Degree-Days2597 Heating Degree-Days
On-board EER Optimizer was installed in fully instrumented 2010 12½-ton dual-compressor Carrier R410a package heat pump.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Operational Energy Efficiency: 30.4% ImprovementEER Optimizer Demonstration - Fort Irwin Bldg 606
Carrier 50TCQ-D14, IEER rating 10.7
MANUAL9.8
AUTOMATIC11.4
OPTIMIZE12.8
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Data period: June 8 - September 26, 2016
IEER
[MB
H/k
W]
Arm
y Ft
. Irw
in, C
alifo
rnia
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Refrigerant Charge Fort IrwinAverage 16% Underchaged
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
604
308S
308B 16 12
7
RTU
-16
RTU
-15
RTU
-9
RTU
-5
FOO
D C
T
Ove
r or U
nder
Cha
rge
CIRC 1CIRC 2
Arm
y Ft
. Irw
in, C
alifo
rnia
• Portable i-Optimize efficiency measurements of 10 units at Fort Irwin• Average “before” energy efficiency loss versus factory rating: 25%• Average 16% refrigerant undercharge – a 10% efficiency loss• Average IEER: rated 11.3 / “before” 8.4 / “after” 10.3 – 19% savings
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Summary of on-board EER Optimizer results
Site CCAFS MCASB AFINTC Average
Factory Rated 13.2 11.2 10.7 11.7
Benchmark (2014) 13.9 11.8 9.5 11.7
Baseline 12.8 11.9 9.8 11.5
Optimized 15.5 13.4 12.8 13.9
Point Increase 2.7 1.6 3.0 2.4
Efficiency Gain 22% 13% 30% 22%
Energy Savings 30% 24% 22% 25%
Confidence Anova 0.997 0.998 0.965 0.965
Confidence t-Test 0.99886 0.99997 0.99878 0.9988
Results
Stats
IEER
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM FIELD TESTS• Reduction in air-conditioner energy usage averaged 28%.• On-board payback period ranged from 3.2 to 5.8 years.
– Larger air conditioners provide shorter payback period.
• Portable produced payback periods from 0.4 to 1.1 years.– Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) 1.0 to 2.4
• Project buy-in from HVAC shop and the contracting officer is essential to successful implementation.
• Portable can support a performance-based DX system maintenance program.
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGY BENEFITSa. Continuously optimizes operational parameters to minimize energy
cost while improving occupant comfort and productivity.b. Slows performance deterioration and potentially adds years of service
life.c. Provides a realistic assessment of equipment operating condition to
guide the repair / replace decision process.d. Detects & diagnoses faults for performing targeted preventive
maintenance or supporting performance-based maintenance to maximize cost effectiveness.
e. Provides remote connection to identify issues before they become problematic, for faster response to an occupant complaint, and to enhance technician productivity.