Effect of Temperature on the P50Value for Human Blood

8/13/2019 Effect of Temperature on the P50Value for Human Blood

1/5

CLIN.CHEM.2 9/1 , 1 10 -1 14 (1983)

1 10 CL IN ICA LCHEMIS TRY , V ol. 2 9, N o . 1 , 1983

Effect o f Tem perature on the P50 V alue for Hum an B loodM Sama ja ,1 D . Me lo tti, E . Rovida ,2 and L . Ross l-B e rna rd i1We in ve stig ate d th e e ffe ct o f tem pe ra tu re (1 9, 3 0, 3 7, a nd43 {176}C)n th e P 50va lu e for n orm al h um an b lo od at Pco2 =5.72 kPa 43 mmHg) , at v ar io us p Hs r an ge 7 .0 to 7 .6 ) a ndmolar ratios of [2,3-diphosphoglycerate]/[Hb4] ( range 0. 4to 2 .4 ). T he d (lo g p 50 )/d (p H) c oe ffic ie nt v arie d from 0 .3 9at 19 {176}Co 0.35 at 43 {176}C .h e re la tio nsh ip b etw ee n lo gP50and lIT T = degrees K elvin) w as linear under thee xp erim en ta l c on ditio ns u se d, a nd th e d (lo g p 5o )/d (1 /T )coeffic ien t varied b etw een -2138 at pH 7 .0 a nd -2 16 2at pH 7.6 , independent o f the concentra tion of 2 ,3-d i-p ho sp ho glyc era te . A ss um in g th at the effect of pco2 on thep value is the same at 1 9,3 0, a nd 4 3 {1 76 }Cs at 37 {176}C,nec an u se th e re po rte d c oe ffic ie nts to c alc ula te th e P50 v a lu efo r n orm al human b lo od u nd er c on ditio ns o f te mp era tu re ,pH , Pco2 and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrationsprevail ing unde r phys io log ica l and pa tho log ica l c ond it io ns.The p value calculated by emp ir ic a l equa tions , taking intoa cc ou nt th e e ffe ct of temperat e, correlated w ell w ith th eva lues for P so dete rm in ed e xp er imenta lly ( y = 0 .97 74 x +0.453; r = 0.998; n = 60), w ith an SD of 52 Pa (0.39mmHg) .Add it Iona l Keyphrases : blood gases varia tion , sourceof tonom etry

Ea rl ie r, we desc ribed 1 ) a n ew m eth od fo r ton om ete rin gsm all a mo un ts o f blood w ith a known ga s p ha se , w h ic h al lowedth e s tu dy o f th e e ffe ct o f 2 ,3 -d ip ho sp ho gly ce ra te (2 ,3 -DPG ),H, and CO2 on th e p 50 v alue [th e p0 2 at w hich h em oglob in(H b4) is h alf saturated with o xy ge n] fo r n orm al h um an blooda t 3 7 {1 76 }C .e derived em pirica l equations and a nom ogram ,which made it po ssib le to ca lcu la te the value of p5 o fromkn ow n va lu es of pco2 pH , and the [2 ,3-D PG ]/[H b4] m olarrat io.

H ere w e extend the study of the effect o f 2,3-DPG and pHon the po va lu e fo r no rm al h um an b lo od to th e te mpe ratu rerange 19 to 43 {176}C.h ere as th e s im ple e ffe ct o f te mp era tu reon th e p 50 va lu e fo r n orm al, fre sh , u nm od ifie d b lo od h as a d-ready b een in vestig ated see Discussion), no descrip tion ofth e separate effect of 2,3-DPG and pH on the value of p50 atvarious temperatures has ye t been r epo rt ed . B e cause th e effectof pCO2 on p50 ca n bea s sumed to b e co nsta nt w ith in th e co n-sidered temperature ra ng e, a nd sim ilar to that found at 37 {176}C,th e d ata we report here allow calculation of the value fornorma l h uman b lo od u nd er v ar io us c on ditio ns o f tem pe ra tu re ,p H, P co 2 a nd 2 ,3 -D PG c on ce ntra tio n.Ma te ria ls and Me thods

B lo od sam ple s. About 30 to 40 mL of blood collected froma h ea lth y, n on sm okin g man w as used for a ll e xp erim en ts ,which were done within 8 h. W hen not in use, the b lood wasstored in an ice bath. Blood pH an d 2,3-DPG concentrationw ere v arie d as alrea dy d esc rib ed 1 ).

1 Cattedra di Chimica Biologica,Universit {224}i Milano, do OspedaleSan Raffaele, Via Olge tt ina 60 , 2 0132 Milano, Italy.r Ce ntr o S tu di d i F isio log ia del Lavoro Muscolare del C .N .R ., V iaMang iagal li 3 2 , 2 0133 Milano, Italy.Rece iv ed Ma y 1 0, 1 98 2; a c ce pt ed S ep t. 2 , 1 98 2.

Flasks. W e used 60-m L flasks 1 ) so as to obta in a largersurface of contact betw een the b lood and the gas phase andb etw een th e fla sks an d th e ton om ete r blo ck. W e u se d 0 .4 0 m Lof blood for each run .Tonometer . Th e ton om eter p reviou sly d escrib ed 1 ) wasm od ified to allo w blood sam ples to be equilib ra ted w ith thegas phase at tem peratures other than 37 {176}C.w o P le xig la scoils w ere applied to the side walls , and w ater w as p um pe dth ro ugh th em fro m a n exte rn al w ate r b ath . T he te mp era tu rein the core of the b lock w as m easured w ith a therm al sensorinserted in to a th in , deep hole in the block and calibra tedagainst a N ationa l Bureau of S tandards certified m ercury-bu lb therm om eter. The circu la ting water at the ex it o f theton om ete r w as used to m ain ta in the tem perature of the pHe le ctro de (IL 2 13 ; Instru men ta tion L abo ra to ry , Le xing ton ,M A 02 17 3). H ea t d isp ersio n w as p reve nted b y th erm al in su -la tio n o f tu bin gs .W e selected three operating tem peratures: 43, 30, and19 { 176 }C .he tim e req uired to ton om ete r th e b lo od a t th e va riou stemperatures w as determ in ed b y eq uilibratin g a blood samplew ith n itro ge n c on ta in in g CO 2 (6 3.1 m L/L ) an d mea su rin g th eh em og lo bin s atu ra tio n fo r o xy ge n (S 02 ) a t 5 -mm in te rv als .

Measurement of So2. The method for meas ur in g S o2 p re -v io u sly r epo rte d 2 ) w as m od ifie d a s follo ws. W e u sed a n a n-aerob ic, stainless-steel, 1-m L cu vette, w ith an o xyg en elec-tro de in co ntact w ith th e liq uid , sim ila r to th at d escrib ed 2 )but w ithout optical w indows. After filling the cuvette w iths od ium te tr ab or ate b uffe r 2 ), we added 10L of b lood to thebuffer, and determ ined the am ount of deoxygenated hem o-globin as described 2) . We then a dd ed to th e b lo od -b uffe rsolution 5 itL o f 0 .5 m o l/L K 3F e(CN )6 d iss olv ed in 2 .7 5 molfLH 3P 04 , to oxidize th e o xy hemoglo bin , a nd m ea su re d the P 02of th e so lu tio n. T he o xyg en c ap acity was ca lc ula te d b y u se o fth e fo llow in g equa tio n :

02 capaci ty = a X 4PO2/ Vc - O f) 1 )where v, , i st he v ol um e o f t h e c uv et te ,v is the volum e of theK3Fe (CN )6-H3P04 s ol ut io n , PO2 is th e P02 d i ff erence be fo reand after addition of the ox idant, and a is the so lub ilitycoeff icient of o xyg en in a qu eo us so lu tio ns. T he va lu e o f a atth e r eq ui re d tem pe ra tu re w as that o f Roughton and Sever-inghaus 3 ). The So2 of the blood sample was calcu latedfrom:

S0 2 = 02 capacity - deoxygenated Hb)/02 capacity (2)Calculation of the po. The P0 2 in the blood sam ple at th ee nd o f to nome try w as ca lc ula te d a s p re vio usly d es crib ed 2 ).B ec au se in se pa ra te e xp erim en ts a t t = 1 9,3 0, a nd 4 3 {1 76 }Chev alu e o f th e H ill c oe ffic ie nt (n ) was 2.7 0.2, th e p 50 v alu e wa scalcu lated from the P02 and So2 by the H ill equation, as-suming n = 2.7 4). T his co rre ctio n w as a pp lie d o nly if S 02 fe llbe tw een 40 and 60 . If the So2 w as outs ide th is range, them easu re me nt w as re pe ate d at a m ore su ita ble P 02 .O th er m ea su re me nts . At the end of the tonom etry , the

c on ce ntra tio ns o f h em oglo bin , m eth em oglo bin , an d carbox-yhem og lo bin w ere m easu red as d escribed 1 ). T he co nce n-tra tion of 2 ,3-D PG w as m easured once every three to fourruns. W e calib ra ted e lectrodes for pH m easurem ent a t eachte mp era tu re , u sin g a pp ro pria te te mp era tu re -re la te d v alu es


2/5

7.2 7.4 7.6

0

In

0

pH

1 m m Hg 13 3 Pa .

CLIN ICALCHEMISTRY ,Vo l. 29 , No . 1, 1983 111

9a

04Uft

2

pHF ig . 1 . D ecre as e in th e P co 2 i n t he fla sk (vo lu me = 60 mL )a ft erth e a dd ition o f 0 .4 m L of C 02 -free b loo d, a s a fu nctio n o f te m-peraturefo r N atio na l B ure au o f S ta nd ard s c ertifie d p ho sp ha te b uffe rs

Pco2 values. T he con cen tra tio n of C O2 in the ga s phasewasthe sam e for a ll the experim ents; it derived from m ixing thes am e b in ary g as m ix tu re s (6 .3 1 C 02 /b ala nce n itro ge n, a nd6 .3 4 /b ala nc e a ir), g iv in g a th eo re tica l P co 2 o f 6 .1 6 k Pa (4 6.3mmHg)3 1 ). B ecau se w e use d clo se d to no metry fla sks, th ee ffective P co 2 o f th e b loo d sa mp le w as som ew ha t lo we r (5 .72kPa, about 43 m mHg), but was nearly the sam e for a ll tem -p era tu re s in ve stig ate d. Small d iffe re nc es in th e P co 2 we re d ueto the d iffe ren t e xten t to w hich ga seo us C O2 w as d issolve d inth e liq uid p ha se a nd to te mp era tu re -lin ke d ch ang es in th e p Kva lu e fo r carb onic a cid (6 ). F ig ure 1 sh ow s h ow te mp era tu rech ang es affe cted th e valu e of P C02 o f th e b lo od sa mp le.Results

Tonometry. T he s pe cia l to nome tric fla sks u se d a llo we d awide surface of contact betw een the b lood sam ple and thealu min um b lo ck o f th e to no me te r. T he te mp era tu re g ra dien tbetw een the blood and the block never exceeded 0.05 {176}Cnth e in ves tig ated te mp era tu re ran ge. D ec rea sin g th e te mp er-ature always increased the oxygen affin ity of blood; conse-quently, the time to equilibrate a blood sample with a gasvaried from a m inimum of 15 mm at 43 {176}Co a maximum of45 mm at 19 {176}C.

Measurement of S02. The new m ethod to m easure So2wasfast and s im ple, requiring on ly one ca libra tion before thea na ly sis , i.e ., c alib ra tio n o f th e o xy ge n e le ctr od e w ith th e v alu eof atm ospheric Po2 The rate of oxidation of hem oglobin w ash igh (>99 in 20s), ow ing to the acid environm ent (pH -6)and the h igh concentra tion of K3Fe(C N)6, w hich increasedth e p seu do -firs t o rd er ra te (7 ).W e ch ecke d th is m eth od a gain st the pre vio usly d escribe dmethod 2) , meas urin g S o2 o n 1 11 s amp le s e qu ilib ra te d a tp o2va lues betw een 0 and 20 kPa (0 and 150 m mH g). The d iffer-ences betw een the results obta ined by the new m ethod andth os e o bta in ed b y th e re fe re nc e me th od we re n ot s ta tis tic allys ig nifica nt (0 .2 8 0 .8 0 S 0., u nits , t = -3 .64, 110 df). The re-p ro du cibility o f th e m eth od w as ch ecke d by d ete rm inin g theS o o n 1 0 sam ple s e qu ilib ra te d a t th e same Po2.R esults (m ean SD) w ere qu ite com parab le w ith those of the previouslyre po rte d m eth od : S o2 = 54.4 0.6 (C V 1.1 ) vs 54.6 0.7 (C V1.2 ), respective ly, fo r the com parison m ethod and for then ew me th od .

E ffec t o f te mp era tu re . We made 60 d ete rm in atio ns o f th ep va lue : a t five m ola r ra tios of [2,3-D PG ]/[H b4 J 0 .4 , 0.6 , 0 .8,1.9, a nd 2 .4 ), a t th re e te mp era tu re s (19 , 30 , a nd 4 3 {1 76 }C ),ndin th e p H ran ge 7 .0 to 7 .6 . T o d ete rm in e th e B oh r fa cto r, d(lo g

F ig . 2 . Plotsof lo g P50vs p H, i.e., th e B oh r e ffe ct, a t = 43mmH g (5 .7 2 kP a) an d five [2 ,3 -D PG ]/[H b4J m ola r ra tio s: a p-prox im ate ly 2 .4 (U ), 1 .9 (0), 0 .8 (s), 0 .6(0), and 0.4 (S )Th e regression l in es s hown a re c alc ula te d b y l ea st -s qu ar es a na ly si s

p50)/d pH), for each constant value of 2,3-DPG and tem per-ature, we determ ined four p o va lue s (F ig ure 2). The rela-tionsh ip between log p5 and pH was linear in the range oftem pe ra tu re v alu es a nd [2 ,3 -DPG]/[H b 4] ra tio s in ve stig ate d.T he B oh r e ffe ct, d(lo g p 50 )/d (p H), d ecrea sed sligh tly fo r in -cre asin g te mp era tu res (from 0.3 9 0 .0 8, m ea n S D, a t 1 9 {1 76 }Cto 0.35 0.03 at 43 {176}C ),o nfir min g p re vio us s tu die s 8-10).Figure 3 shows the effect of 2 ,3-DPG on log P5o a t v ar io u ste mp era tu re s. D ata a t 3 7 {17 6}Ce re o bta in ed fro m e qu atio nsp re vio u sly r epo rte d 1 ). The Vant Hoff isochores w ere ob-ta in ed fo r th e extre me va lu es of p H (F ig ure 4 ). T he re latio n-ship betw een log p50 and l/T (T = d eg re es K elv in ) w a s lin ea ru nd er a ll th e co nd itio ns u se d. T he a ve ra ge ( SD ) slo pe s o f th elines were -2138 57 at pH 7.0 , and -2162 67 at pH 7.6.T he d iffe re nce b etw ee n th e slo pe s a t p H 7. 0 and at pH 7.6 wasno t s ign if ic ant t = -0.63, 7 d f), b ut a sm all, a lth ou gh s ta tis -tically poor, trend tow ard steeper lines cou ld be seen for in -c re as in g c on ce ntra tio ns o f 2 ,3 -DPG .O ur d ata , o bta in ed fro m fre sh u nm od ifie d b lo od , ar e in g oo da gre em en t w ith th ose o bta in ed b y o th er a uth ors u nd er sim ila rco nd itio ns. F ig ure 5 s ho ws a comp aris on w ith th e m os t re ce ntd ata re po rte d in th e lite ra tu re 10-12).

C alculating Pso values at various temperatures. Becausethe s lopes of the lines shown in F igure 4 are practica lly thesame w ith respect to pH and 2,3-DPG concentra tion , thefo llo win g e qu atio n m ay b e a pp lie d to d escrib e th e d ata :

d ( log p50 )/ d(1 /T ) = -2149 56 (3)


3/5

[2 ,3 - D PG ]/[H bJ

0Ina0

1.8 pH 7.0

1. 5

1. 2

1. 0

0.8

PH 7.6

\

3.2 3. 3 3. 4 3.2 3.3 3.4

112 CL IN ICALCHEM ISTRY ,Vo l. 2 9 , No . 1 , 1983

F ig . 3 . Effect o f 2 ,3 -DPGon lo g 5o at the t wo extremes of th e pH range anda t f ou r t empe ra tu re s : A) 43 , ( 0)3 7, ( { 14 9} )3 0,nd ( {149})19 {176}CT his e qua tion ca n b e use d to ca lcula te th e p 50 va lu e o f h um anblood at any tem perature in the range 19 to 43 {176}C ,hen itsva lu e at a no th er te mp era tu re in th e sa me ra nge is known, an dit is v alid a tp co 2 = 43 mm Hg (5.72 kPa) , in the pH range 7.0to 7.6 , a nd in th e [2 ,3 -D PG J/IH b4 J m ola r ra tio ra ng e 0.4 to 2 .5 .T he P co 2 co rre ctio n fro m 43 mmHg to a ny o th er va lu e o f Pco2ca n b e e stim ated a t a ny te mpe ratu re fro m 1 9 to 4 3 {176}Cy us inga s a firs t a pp ro xim atio n th e p re vio us ly d esc rib ed n om og ram1 ). Figure 6 s ho ws th e co rre la tio n b etw ee n th e e xp erim en ta lpo value and that obtained by the combined use of the no-mograln 1 ) and equa tion 3 . T h e p 50 v alu e was ca lcu la t ed withan SD of 52 Pa (0.39 m mHg).Discussion

The increase in the oxygen affinity of hum an blood withd ec re as in g temp er atu re w as first desc ri bed in 1909 13). Sinceth en , m an y in ve stig atio ns o n its e ffe ct o n th e o xy hemog lo bind isso ciatio n curve in b lo od h ave b een repo rted , b ut w itho utfull co nsid eratio n o f all th e factors later d iscovered to affectthe oxygen affin ity of w hole blood. M ore recently, som e au-thors have investigated the effect of tem perature on the p,o

va lue, the Bohr effect, and the H ill coefficien t o f normalhuman blood 10-12). H ow ever, in th ese repo rts th e effect o f2,3-DPG was not investigated at various tem peratures. Tostud y th e sep arate effects o f th e k nown a llo ste ric r eg ula to rsof the oxygen affin ity of b lood at different tem peratures, w ehave adapted our recently reported method 1 ), which issu itab le for the rap id determ ination of the p value underdefined conditions of p H, P co 2, a nd 2,3 -D PG concentra-tion.T he a vera ge va lue fo r d (log p 5o )/d (t {1 76 }C )0.0229, as de-te rm in ed o n fresh , u nm odifie d b lo od, is com pa ra ble (T able1) w ith the va lues reported by other authors 10-19) undersim ilar con ditio ns. H ow eve r, w e fo un d th e co effic ien t d (logp 50 )/d (1 /T ) m o re s uita ble to e xp re ss th e e ffe ct o f tem pe ra tu re ,th e slo pe s o f th e lin es o f F ig ure 4 be in g p ra ctica lly in dep en -dent o f the concentra tion of 2,3-D PG and of pH . W e did notinvestiga te the effect o f P co2, and thus w e did not calculateth e d (lo g p5 0)/d (p o2) co efficie nt. H ow eve r, C O2 is kn ow n toaffect phys iolog ically the oxygen affinity of b lood, m ain lythrough th e a lka lin e B oh r e ffe ct. In th e p re se nce of 2,3-DPG,th e e ffe ct o f CO 2 is g re atly d ecre as ed , b ec au se 2 ,3 -D PG an d

(1/T.K ) w io-3Fig . 4 . The Vant Ho ff i so cho re s a t p H 7 .0 a nd 7 .6 , a nd fiv e m o la r ra tio s o f [2 ,3 -D PG]/[H b4 ] la be le d a s in F ig . 2Th e c or re la tio n c oe ff ic ie n ts v ar ie d b et we en 0 .9 95 an d 0.999


4/5

20 30 40T EM PE RA TU RE c

EXPERIMENTAL P51

T ab le 1 . C orre ctio n F ac to r, d lo g p 50 )/d t {1 76 }C ),R eporte d fo r N orma l, F re sh Human B lo odAuthors Year Factor

Us in g c an in e b lo od . b Interpolated from f igure.

CLIN ICA L CHEM IS TRY, V ol. 2 9, No. 1 , 1 98 3 113

F ig. 5. C om parison of our data w ith the m ost recent dataava il ab le in the l it era tu re unders im i la r cond it ions& A strup et al .11), pH 7 .4, about 36 mmHg. [ 2, 3- DPG I/ IH b 4J u n kn own ;0, Hlastalat al . 10), pH 7 .4 , p, 2 t o neutr a li ze th e base excess,L2,3-OPGI-/[Ft4) 0.90;, Reeves 12), pH 7 .4 , c ons ta n t CO2 cont en t, [ 2, 3-DPG ]/ I1 b4 l= 0 .8 5; { 14 9 }.resent work. pH 7.4. p = 43 mmHg , [ 2, 3 -DPG ] /[Hb4 ] =0.80

CO2compete fo r tw o of the four N -term ina l am ino groups ofhemoglobin 20). More ove r, th e e ffe ct o f CO 2 h a s already beenfound experim enta lly not to be s ign ificantly affected byte mp era tu re ch an ge s 12). W e therefore assum ed that theeffect o f C O2 (separated from the co lla tera l e ffect o f pH ) onthe oxygen affin ity of b lood is sm all and of the sam e order ofm agnitude in the tem perature range 19 to 43 {176}Cs is fo un dat37 {176}C.

A s a result of th e present stud y, on e can no w d eterm ine b otht he sepa rat e an d the in teg rated effect o f the th ree m ain allo -steric regulators of the oxygen affinity of hum an blood as afunction of tem perature. In fact, the previously describedequat ions 1) can be used to calculate the P50 value as afunction of the concentration of 2,3-DPG, pH , and Pco2 at37 {176}C,hereas the effect of tem perature at any value of pH,Pco 2, and 2,3-D PG co ncentratio n is described by equ atio n 3.A p rog ram fo r a Texas T I 59 calculator th at req uires less t han18 0 program steps is available upon request from t he a u tho rsfo r th e n ume ric al solutions of th e equations. F ig ure 6 sho wst he accu racy of t hi s pr oc ed ur e a nd t he h om og en ei ty o f t h eda ta ob ta ined a t t hr ee d if fe ren t t empe ra tu re s .

Barcrof t and K ing 1 3) 1909 0.0283Brown id H ill 15 ) 1923 0.0229Di ll and Forbes (16 ) 1941 0.0192Albersetal. 17)8 1958 0.0231Callaghan etal.18) 1961 0.0176-0.0228Astrupetal.(11) 1965 0.0245Severinghaus 1 9) 1966 0.0230H lasta la e t a l. 10) 1977 0.0226Reeves(12) 1980 0.0230Present work 1982 0.0229

F ig . 6 . C o n- ela tio n between t he experimen ta l P5ova lu e a nd tha tc al cu la te df ro m t he c om bi ne d u se o f e q ua ti on 3 a nd t he n om o-gram 1)L ea st -s qu ar es r eg re ss io n a na ly sis : y = 0.453 + O .9 77 4x , r = 0.998. = 60 .T emp er at ur es 4 3 { 17 6} C4 ), 3 0 { 17 6} CU), an d 19 {176}C0)

This studywa s s up po rt ed b y a grant from the C onsig lio N azio naledelle R icerche, R om e, Ita ly.

References1. Samaja , M., Mosca,A.,Luzzana,M., e t a l., E qu at io ns an d nomo-g ram fo r th e re la tio nsh ip o f h um an b lo od p 50 t o 2 ,3 -d ip ho sp ho gly-cerate, C02, an d H . C lin . C he m. 2 7, 1 85 6-1 86 1 1 98 1).2 . Ros si -Be rna rd i, L. ,Perrella, M ., Luzzana, M., etal.,imultaneousdeterm ination of hemoglob in derivatives, oxygen conten t, oxygencapacity, and oxygen saturation in 10 i1 o f w ho le blood. C lin . C he m.23, 1215-1225(1977) .3 . Roughton, F. J . W . ,an d Severinghaus, J. W ., A ccu rate determ i-n atio n o f 0 2 d is so cia tio n curve o f h um an blood above 98 .7 sa tura ti onw ith data on 02 solubility in unm odified hum an blood from C )to 37 {176}C.J . A pp . P hy siol. 35 , 8 61 -8 69 1 97 3).4. Rough ton , F . J . W . , Transport of oxygen and c ar bon d io xid e . I nH an db oo k o f P hy sio lo gy , Sect ion 3 , V o l. 1, W . 0. Fenn and H . Rahn,Eds., Ame ric an Phys io lo g ic al S o cie ty , Was hin g to n , DC , 1964 , pp767-825.5. B ates, R . G ., E le ct ro me t n c p H D ete rm in atio ns , John Wiley , NewY ork, N Y, 1954.6 . R ee ve s, R . B ., T em pe ra tu re -in du ce d c ha ng es in b lo od a cid -b as estatus: p H a nd p CO 2 in a binary buffer. J. A pp . P hy sio l. 40,752-7611976).7. An tonin i, E ., B runori, M ., and Wyman, J., S tudies on t he ox ida -tion -reduction potentia ls o f heme prote ins. IV . The kinetics of oxi-dation of hem oglobin and m yoglobin by ferricyanide . Biochemistry4,545-551(1965).8. R ossi-Bernardi, L ., and R oughton, F . J. W ., The effect of tem -pera ture on th e oxygen-linked io nizations of hem oglobin. J . B io l.Chem. 2 42 , 7 84 -7 92 (1 96 7).9. Antonin i, E ., W yman, J., B runori, M ., et a l., S tudies on the rela-tio ns b etw ee n m ole cu la r an d functional properties of hem og lobin. V .The influence of temperature on the Bohr effect in human and inhorsehemoglobin. J . B io l. C he m. 240, 1096-1103 1965).1 0. H la sta la , M . P ., Woodson, R . D ., a nd W ra nn e, B ., Influence oftemperature on hemoglobin-ligandnteraction in whole blood. J .A pp . P hy sio l. 43,545-550 (1977).1 1. A str up , P.,Engel,K.,Severinghaus,.W., e t a l., T he in flu en ceo f t empe ra tu re a nd p H on th e dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobinof hum an blood. Scand. J. C lin. L ab. Invest. 1 7, 5 15 -5 23 (1965).


5/5

1 2. R ee ve s, R . B ., T he effect of temperature on the oxygen equilib - of hypotherm ia. A m . J . P h ys io l. 1 32 , 6 85 -6 97 (1 94 1).rium curve o f h um a n blood. R e sp ir . P h ys io l. 42 , 317328 1 980). 17. Albers, C., B re nd el, W ., H ard ew ig , A ., e t a)., B lu tg as e in hy-13. Barcroft, J . ,and King, W . 0 . R ., T he effect o f temperature on the potherm ie . P fl ue g er s A rc h . 266,373-377 (1958).dissociatio n curv e of blood. J. Physiol. London) 39 , 374-384 18 . Callaghan, P. B., Lister, J. , Paton, B . C ., e t a l., E ffe cts o f v ary in g(1909). carbon dioxide tension on the oxyhem og lobin dissociation curve under14 . Ima i, K ., a nd Y on eta ni, T ., T he rm o dy namic al s tu die s o f o xy ge n h yp oth erm ic c on ditio ns . A n n. S u rg . 154,903-910 (1961).equil ibrium o f h emogl ob in . J . B io l. C h em . 250, 70937098 (1975). 19. Severinghaus, J. W ., Blood-gas calculator. J . A pp . P hy sio . 21,15 . B ro wn , W . E . L ., an d H ill, A . V ., T he oxygen dissoc iation curve 1108-1116 (1966).of blood and its t he rmodynam ica l bas is . Proc. R . Soc . London 9, 20. Kilmartin, J.W ., Fogg, J., Luzz ana , M . , et al., R ole of t he a -am in o297-334 (1923). groups o f the a a nd 3 ch ains of h um an hemoglobin in oxygen-l inked16 .D il l, D . B .,and Forbes,W. H., R es pira to ry a nd m eta bo lic e ffe cts b in din g o f ca rbo n d iox id e. J . B io l. C h em . 248,7039-7043 (1973) .

1 14 CL IN ICA LCHEM IS TRY , V o l. 2 9, N o . 1 , 1 98 3

Documents

Effect of Temperature on the P50Value for Human Blood