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Effectiveness ofAir Burst Munitions
J.J.M. PaulissenE. van Meerten (RWMS)Th.L.A. Verhagen
9 April 200944th NDIA GMS2
Contents• ABM (KETF) modeling• ABM (KETF) effects• Firing doctrine
for CV9035
FAPDS
PELE
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Functioning of KETF
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Characteristics of ABM (KETF)
10°to
15°
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-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
-2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5
35 mm AHEAD
Range E
ject
ion
Ang
le
1
5 m10 m15 m20 mFiring data
Impact velocity
Pen
etra
tion
1
01530456075
Angle
Modeling of ABM (KETF)
• Sub-projectile ejection and trajectories• Sub-projectile penetration
Con
e an
gle
Pla
te th
ickn
ess
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Effects of ABM (1/2)
• Burst of 3 rounds against F-104G Starfighter
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Effects of ABM (2/2)
• Burst of 3 rounds against F-104G Starfighter
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Input to TNO V/L modelling
Threat Target
VulnerabilityLethality
Interaction simulations
Target hit?Target penetrated?Components hit?Damage to components?Functioning of damaged components?Functioning of damaged systems?Readiness of damaged platform?
TARVAC
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• Ammunition selection & modeling• Caliber selection: 30 or 35 mm• Ammunition optimization: firing trials with
ABM sub-projectiles against optical sights, helmets, fragment resistance vests
• Firing doctrine development
RNLA IFV Firepower
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Ammunition selection
Air Burst MunitionHETF/KETF
APFSDS FAPDS/PELE
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ABM (KETF) optimization
• Standing soldier, including helmet and vest, 30. sec assault• Ballistic protection based on experimental data• Using ComputerMan (US-ARL)
Pk view
Increasing sub-projectile mass ->
NoneMinorModerateSeriousSevereCritical
Unsurvivable
More Critical
0%
50%
100%
25%
75%
Impact velocity: 600 m/s Impact velocity: 900 m/s• Fixed total payload mass:
heavier sub-projectiles results in smaller density of fragment cloud
• Result: 35 mm KETF prototype is redesigned -> sub-projectile mass: 1.24 gram
Injury view
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Firing doctrine (35 mm KETF against T-80U)
• Neutralise T-80U by killing all optical sights
Initiation distance
Initiation height
• Selection of initiation distance and height is essential for effectiveness KETF
initiation distance (m)#
proj
ecti
les
low
middle
high
aiming height
# projectiles
effe
ctiv
enes
s (%
)
Initiationdistances
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Firing doctrine (35 mm KETF against Foxhole)
• Kill two men covered Foxhole
Initiation distance
Initiation height
• Selection of initiation distance and height is essential for effectiveness KETF
#projectiles
effe
ctiv
enes
s
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Firing doctrine (35 mm KETF against Mi-24 Hind)
• For KETF the selection of initiation distance is essential for KETF effectiveness
• KETF is very effective against helicopter
• Kill helicopter for three azimuth angles, 2000 m range• K-kill, without manned control within 30 sec
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Firing doctrine (dismounted soldiers in open field)
• Soldiers next to each other (line formation):8 men covering an area of 10 x 40 m
• Soldiers in column formation:5 men covering an area of 50 x 10 m
• Doctrine determined bycombined variation of:• Initiation distance • Initiation height • Number of rounds• Distance between initiation
points• System dispersions
9 April 200944th NDIA GMS16Initiation distance
10 m deep x5 m wide
Man1 Man2 Man3Man4 Man5 Man6
Man7 Man8
Grid size1 m x 1 m
10 m
40 mPosition ofSoldier
Target area10 m x 40 m
Distance betweeninitiation points
�lateral�ax, horizontal
�ax, vertical
• Initiation distance • Initiation height (offset to aimpoint)• Distance between initiation points• Number of rounds in initiation point• Total system dispersion is taken into account• Tools: Fragment trajectory + ComputerMan
Firing doctrine (dismounted soldiers in open field)
Initiation height
#rounds
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KETF initiation distance optimization
Line of Fire
Initiation distance
Too short
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KETF initiation distance optimization
Line of Fire
Initiation distance
On target
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KETF initiation distance optimization
Line of Fire
Initiation distance
Too long
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CV9035 with 35 mm KETF
• The 35 mm KETF was selected for the RNLA IFV (CV9035) to fulfil the Firepower requirements
• Simulations proved essential in development of CV9035 Firing doctrine. Simulations based on an optimal balance between:• The number of fired projectiles• Initiation distance• Initiation height• Distance between initiation points• Time setting of the fuze
• Co-operation between operator, industry (RWMS) and TNO for projectile optimization
• Co-operation between operator and TNO for firing doctrine
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TNO Weapon effectiveness simulation models
• Medium caliber ammunition:
• Air Burst Munition: terminal ballistics & lethality modelsavailable
• Frangible projectiles: terminal ballistics & lethality modelsavailable
• PELE projectiles: terminal ballistics & lethality modelsunder development
