Effectiveness of Early Application of Penetrating Sealants

DAN VRUNO, P.E.American Engineering Testing, Inc.

St. Paul, Minnesota

Independent Variables

Three independent variables will be considered at two levels:

1. Curing time

2. Type of sealer

3. Deicer exposure

St. Paul, Minnesota

Dependent Variables

The two dependent variables (that is, responses) are scaling, which will be determined by ASTM C672, “Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals,” and chloride ion ingress, which will be determined by performing AASHTO T260, “Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ion Content in Concrete Procedure A, Acid-Soluble Chloride Ion Content.”

St. Paul, Minnesota

Independent Variables Studied in the Laboratory Phase

Factorial Points Curing Sealer Deicer Exposure

1 4 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

2 4 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

3 4 weeks None None

4 4 weeks None CaCl2

5 2 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

6 2 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

7 2 weeks None CaCl2

8 2 weeks None None

9 3 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

10 3 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

St. Paul, Minnesota

23 Factorial Design

St. Paul, Minnesota

Independent Variables Studied in the Laboratory Phase

Factorial Points Curing Sealer Deicer Exposure

1 4 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

2 4 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

3 4 weeks None None

4 4 weeks None CaCl2

5 2 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

6 2 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

7 2 weeks None CaCl2

8 2 weeks None None

9 3 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

10 3 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

St. Paul, Minnesota

23 Factorial Design

St. Paul, Minnesota

Field Study Layout

St. Paul, Minnesota

6 bag 42% sand 58% rock 6.2% air w/c .43

St. Paul, Minnesota

Day of Placement – 10/31/14

St. Paul, Minnesota

Finishing Tools

St. Paul, Minnesota

Ancillary Study

St. Paul, Minnesota

Date of Placement – 11/1/14

St. Paul, Minnesota

November 2, 2014

St. Paul, Minnesota

Two Week Sealer Addition

St. Paul, Minnesota

Three Week Sealer Addition

St. Paul, Minnesota

Four Week Sealer Addition

St. Paul, Minnesota

Ancillary Popout Study

St. Paul, Minnesota

No sealer

St. Paul, Minnesota

St. Paul, Minnesota

St. Paul, Minnesota

Independent Variables Studied in the Laboratory Phase

Factorial Points Curing Sealer Deicer Exposure

1 4 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

2 4 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

3 4 weeks None None

4 4 weeks None CaCl2

5 2 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

6 2 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

7 2 weeks None CaCl2

8 2 weeks None None

9 3 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2

10 3 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2

St. Paul, Minnesota

Time of Curing

4 weeks- 3 weeks- 2 weeks-

9

6

5

2

1

3

8

7

4

10

St. Paul, Minnesota

Type of Sealer Placed

8% Siloxane- 40% Silane- None-

9

6

5

2

1

3

8

7

4

10

St. Paul, Minnesota

Deicer Exposure

CaCl₂- None-

10

4

7

8

3 9

6

5

2

1

St. Paul, Minnesota

Scaling Rating

Per ASTM C672/C672M

0 – no scaling

1 – very slight scaling (3 mm depth, no coarse aggregate visible)

2 – slight to moderate scaling

3 – moderate scaling (some coarse aggregate visible)

4 – moderate to severe scaling

5 – severe scaling (coarse aggregate visible over entire surface)

St. Paul, Minnesota

0 Rating

#1 4 weeks Siloxane Deicer#2 4 weeks Silane Deicer

St. Paul, Minnesota

1 Rating

#3 4 weeks No sealer No deicer#8 2 weeks No sealer No deicer

St. Paul, Minnesota

2 Rating

#5 2 weeks Siloxane Deicer#10 3 weeks Silane Deicer

St. Paul, Minnesota

3 Rating

#4 4 weeks No sealer Deicer#6 2 weeks Silane Deicer

St. Paul, Minnesota

4 Rating

#4 4 weeks No sealer Deicer#7 2 weeks No sealer Deicer

St. Paul, Minnesota

5 Rating

#7 2 weeks No sealer Deicer

St. Paul, Minnesota

0-5 Rating

St. Paul, Minnesota

Responses of the Laboratory Phase

St. Paul, Minnesota

Factorial Points Curing Sealer Deicer Exposure Scaling Rating

1 4 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2 0

2 4 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2 0

3 4 weeks None None 1

4 4 weeks None CaCl2 3.5

5 2 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2 2

6 2 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2 3

7 2 weeks None CaCl2 4.5

8 2 weeks None None 1

9 3 weeks 8% siloxane CaCl2 1.5

10 3 weeks 40 % silane CaCl2 2

Curing Time

2.6

1.75

1.1

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

2 Weeks 3 Weeks 4 Weeks

Scal

ing

Rat

ing

St. Paul, Minnesota

Type of Sealer

2.5

1.7

1.2

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

No Sealer 40% Silane 8% Siloxane

Scal

ing

Rat

ing

St. Paul, Minnesota

Deicer Exposure

1

2.1

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

No Deicer CaCl2

Scal

ing

Rat

ing

St. Paul, Minnesota

Daily High and Low Temperatures10/31/14 to 4/6/15

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10/28/2014 11/17/2014 12/7/2014 12/27/2014 1/16/2015 2/5/2015 2/25/2015 3/17/2015 4/6/2015

Pre

cip

itat

ion

Tem

pe

ratu

re, °

F

Date

High Temp

Low Temp

Precipitation

St. Paul, Minnesota

Daily High and Low Temperatures10/31/13 to 4/6/14

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10/28/2013 11/17/2013 12/7/2013 12/27/2013 1/16/2014 2/5/2014 2/25/2014 3/17/2014 4/6/2014

Pre

cip

itat

ion

Tem

pe

ratu

re, °

F

Date

high temp

low temp

precipitation

St. Paul, Minnesota

Daily High and Low Temperatures10/31/14 to 4/6/15

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10/28/2014 11/17/2014 12/7/2014 12/27/2014 1/16/2015 2/5/2015 2/25/2015 3/17/2015 4/6/2015

Pre

cip

itat

ion

Tem

pe

ratu

re, °

F

Date

High Temp

Low Temp

Precipitation

St. Paul, Minnesota

Average Precipitation

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April

2013

2014

2015

St. Paul, Minnesota

Now….. for the happy customer….

St. Paul, Minnesota

3 Popouts

St. Paul, Minnesota

The Dick Stehly Rule of Scaling

St. Paul, Minnesota

QUESTIONS???

THANK YOU!St. Paul, Minnesota