Effectiveness of problem gambling brief telephone interventions: An uncontrolled outcome study

Effectiveness of problem gambling brief telephone interventions: An uncontrolled outcome study

Provider Number: 467589

Agreement Number: 326673/00 and 326673/01

Final Report

Re-issued 18 July 2013

Prepared for:

Note:

This report is DRAFT, contains PRELIMINARY INFORMATION and is subject to change in later versions. Therefore, at this stage it is confidential to the Ministry of Health and should not be disseminated further

Ministry of Health

Note:

This report is DRAFT, contains PRELIMINARY INFORMATION and is subject to change in later versions. Therefore, at this stage it is confidential to the Ministry of Health and should not be disseminated further

Note:

This report is DRAFT, contains PRELIMINARY INFORMATION and is subject to change in later versions. Therefore, at this stage it is confidential to the Ministry of Health and should not be disseminated further

PO Box 5013

Wellington

Authors:

Professor Max Abbott

Dr Maria Bellringer

Nick Garrett

Associate Professor Alain Vandal

Professor David Hodgins

Katie Palmer Du Preez

Dr Jason Landon

Dr Sean Sullivan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report has been prepared by the Gambling and Addictions Research Centre, National Institute for Public Health and Mental Health Research, School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.

The authors are highly appreciative of, and would like to thank, Gambling Helpline Ltd (now part of Lifeline Auckland) which was the partner organisation for this research. Gambling Helpline staff embraced this project with enthusiasm and recruited all participants to the study, providing the interventions with fidelity and integrity. Without Gambling Helplines commitment to the study, this research would not have been possible.

Thanks are also due to Professor Philip Schluter and Professor Valery Feigin for advice in the developmental stages of the project and Dr Justin Pulford for project management of the pilot phase.

Grateful acknowledgement is made of all the gamblers who participated in this study, the majority of whom continued to participate throughout the follow-up interviews.

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY6

1BACKGROUND11

2LITERATURE REVIEW12

3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY26

3.1Ethics approval26

3.2Study design26

3.2.1Study aims26

3.2.2Overview26

3.2.3Study population26

3.2.4Eligibility criteria27

3.2.5Setting and location28

3.2.6Schedule of assessments28

3.2.7Training30

3.2.8Treatment integrity and fidelity30

3.2.9Data analyses31

4RESULTS33

4.1Descriptive statistics33

4.1.1Socio-demographic characteristics at each assessment point33

4.1.2Baseline socio-demographic characteristics by baseline and follow-up data availability and whether formal assistance accessed in first three months33

4.1.3Primary mode of problem gambling34

4.1.4Time trends34

4.2Predictors of utilisation of formal treatment services44

4.2.1Uptake of formal services by socio-demographic characteristics44

4.2.2Uptake of formal services by baseline gambling and related behaviours44

4.2.3Uptake of formal services by other baseline covariates45

4.2.4Multivariate model examining interactions46

4.3Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes - PGSI47

4.3.1PGSI-12 change at 12-months by uptake of formal services in first threemonths47

4.3.2PGSI-12 change at 12-months by socio-demographic characteristics47

4.3.3PGSI-12 change at 12-months by baseline gambling and related behaviours48

4.3.4PGSI-12 change at 12-month assessment by other baseline covariates49

4.4Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes - days gambled51

4.4.1Days gambled by assessment point51

4.4.2Days gambled by uptake of formal services51

4.4.3Days gambled by socio-demographic characteristics52

4.4.4Days gambled by baseline gambling and related behaviours and other baseline covariates52

4.5Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes - money lost53

4.5.1Money lost by assessment point53

4.5.2Money lost by uptake of formal services53

4.5.3Money lost by socio-demographic characteristics53

4.5.4Money lost by baseline gambling and related behaviours54

4.5.5Money lost by other baseline covariates54

4.6Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes - control over gambling56

4.6.1Control over gambling by assessment point56

4.6.2Control over gambling by uptake of formal services56

4.6.3Control over gambling by socio-demographic characteristics56

4.6.4Control over gambling by baseline gambling and related behaviours57

4.6.5Control over gambling by other baseline covariates58

4.7Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes - treatment success60

4.7.1Treatment success by assessment point60

4.7.2Treatment success by uptake of formal services60

4.7.3Treatment success by socio-demographic characteristics, gambling and related behaviours and other baseline covariates60

5DISCUSSION61

6REFERENCES67

APPENDIX 1 Ethical approval74

APPENDIX 2 Descriptive statistics76

Table 2.1: Socio-demographics by assessment point76

Table 2.2: Baseline socio-demographics by follow-up data availability and formal assistance accessed in first three months78

Table 2.3: Area of residence80

Table 2.4: Primary problem gambling mode81

Table 2.5: Trends82

Table 2.5: Trends - continued84

APPENDIX 3 Predictors of utilisation of formal treatment services85

Table 3.1: Univariate odds ratios for uptake of services by socio-demographic characteristics85

Table 3.2: Univariate odds ratios for uptake of services by baseline gambling and related behaviours86

Table 3.3: Univariate odds ratios for uptake of services by other baseline covariates87

APPENDIX 4 Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes: PGSI88

Table 4.1: PGSI-12 change at 12-month assessment by socio-demographic characteristics88

Table 4.2: PGSI-12 change at 12-month assessment by baseline gambling and related behaviours89

Table 4.3: PGSI-12 change at 12-month assessment by other baseline covariates90

APPENDIX 5 Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes: days gambled91

Table 5.1: Days gambled change by socio-demographic characteristics91

Table 5.2: Days gambled change by baseline gambling and related behaviours92

Table 5.3: Days gambled change by other baseline covariates93

APPENDIX 6 Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes: money lost94

Table 6.1: Money lost change by socio-demographic characteristics94

Table 6.2: Money lost change by baseline gambling and related behaviours95

Table 6.3: Money lost change by other baseline covariates96

APPENDIX 7 Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes: control over gambling97

Table 7.1: Control over gambling change by socio-demographic characteristics97

Table 7.2: Control over gambling change by baseline gambling and related behaviours98

Table 7.3: Control over gambling change by other baseline covariates99

APPENDIX 8 Predictors of successful problem gambling outcomes: treatment success100

Table 8.1: Univariate odds ratios for treatment success by socio-demographic characteristics100

Table 8.2: Univariate odds ratios for treatment success by baseline gambling and related behaviours101

Table 8.3: Univariate odds ratios for treatment success by other baseline covariates102

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Number and percentage of participants at each assessment point33

Table 2: Previously and/or currently receiving assistance at baseline assessment40

Table 3: Individual additional assistance access42

Table 4: Formal service access by assessment point - number of respondents, median, minimum and maximum number of sessions43

Table 5: Odds ratios for uptake of services by gender44

Table 6: Odds ratios for uptake of services by baseline gambling and related behaviours45

Table 7: Odds ratios for uptake of services by other baseline covariates46

Table 8: Multivariate model of interactions between variables46

Table 9: PGSI change by uptake of formal services in first 3 months47

Table 10: PGSI-12 change by socio-demographic characteristics48

Table 11: PGSI-12 change by baseline gambling and related behaviours49

Table 12: PGSI change by other baseline covariates50

Table 13: Change in days gambled by assessment point51

Table 14: Change in days gambled by uptake of formal services51

Table 15: Change in days gambled by socio-demographic characteristics52

Table 16: Change in money lost by assessment point53

Table 17: Change in money lost by uptake of formal services53

Table 18: Change in money lost by baseline PGSI-1254

Table 19: Change in money lost by baseline major depressive disorder55

Table 20: Change in control over gambling by assessment point56

Table 21: Change in control over gambling by uptake of formal services56

Table 22: Change in control over gambling by marital status57

Table 2