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Effects of Climate Change on Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystems and Natural Resources of Ecosystems and Natural Resources of
the Yukon River Basinthe Yukon River Basin
Yukon River:
• Entirely above 60 degrees N
• Freshwater source for Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean
•Potential large source of carbon to the coastal ocean
Integration of DOI Monitoring, Assessment, and ManagementYukon Basin:
5 National Parks/ NRAs (Vital Signs)
8 Wildlife Refuges
3 Large military land holdings (CRREL)
Groundwater (DOC, DIC)Groundwater (DOC, DIC)
PERMAFROSTPERMAFROST
Surface runoffSurface runoff(DOC, DIC, POC, PIC)(DOC, DIC, POC, PIC)
Sedimentation &Resuspension
CO2, CH4
Decompositionof POC, DOC
COCO2, 2, CHCH44
DecompositionDecomposition
Bank erosionBank erosion (POC, PIC, DOC, DIC) (POC, PIC, DOC, DIC)
CO2
PhotosynthesisSoil waterSoil water(DOC, DIC)(DOC, DIC)
DOC, DICDOC, DIC
Glacial runoff (PIC)
CO2
2 HCO3-
+ CaCO3
COCO22
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Carbon, Water, and Energy Budgets using a watershed as a common frame of reference
Multi-component –Multi scale Observations Within a Common Frame of Reference
Tier 1: Research Installations
USGS and UAF Research on the effects of wetter/dryer/warmer conditions on C flux
Roofed plots
Manipulated water table in wetlands
Hydrologic Data Collection- USGS/Canada
Porcupine
River
Tanana River
Yukon
RiverKoyukuk River
WhitehorseWhitehorse
Fort YukonFort Yukon
Pilot StationPilot Station
StevensStevensVillageVillage
EagleEagle
Fixed Station NetworkFixed Station NetworkIntensive SamplingIntensive Sampling
June & Aug-Sept., 2002June & Aug-Sept., 2002
June & Aug-Sept., 2003June & Aug-Sept., 2003
Major Drainage Basins
Porcupine R.Tanana R.
Upper Yukon R. & Headwaters
East Central Yukon R.Koyukuk R. & West, Lower Yukon R.
Yukon R. at EagleYukon R. at Eagle
Yukon R. at Pilot StationYukon R. at Pilot Station
Tanana R.Tanana R.
Porcupine R.Porcupine R.
Yukon R. near Stevens VillageYukon R. near Stevens Village
LTERNOAA-IPYUSGS
Research Watersheds (Tier 1) and Fixed river stations (Tier 2)
Snow Depth
Air Temperature
ShortwaveRadiation
PermafrostTemperatures
5-120 cm
DataloggerAnd Power
Solar Panel
• soil temperatures (5-120 cm)
• soil moisture
• active-layer depth & duration
• snow depth & duration
• albedo
Terrestrial
Atmospheric
• air temperature• wind speed & direction• cloudiness
Tier 1,2: Active-Layer Monitoring Stations Each AL Station Monitors
the Following Climate Parameters:
Soil Moisture @ 15cm
Wind Speedand Direction
sample rate = 30 sec
Estimated Costs Per Site
•Equipment and installation: 20K
•Operation per year: 5K
Tier 3: The Watershed as a landscape frame of reference•Forest/landscape and hydrologic data collected intensively within each study watershed.
•Survey data (FIA plot grid) for linking to broader watershed or region.
•Models linking datasets for basin-wide water, energy, and carbon budgets.
FIA Plot (hypothetical)USGS Gage (also hypoth).
Riparian StudyResearch Area
Yukon Basin:
853,300 km2
~ 3.02% water
~ 1.08% river water
~ 0.52% Yukon River
B. Wylie & B. Jones
Detecting surface water change through remote sensing
CommunityViz
USGS
Decision Support Systems
National Integrated Network (GC-IMS)
Science Priorities for the DOI Task ForceScience Priorities for the DOI Task Force
• Development of a DOI integrated science and monitoring plan
• Integration of existing monitoring networks
• Downscaling of models
• An adaptive management approach with USGS science and DOI resource Bureaus
• Building decision-making capabilities centered on a robust Global Change Information Management System (GC-IMS)
• Improving integration and access to USGS and other DOI Bureau data sets crucial to climate change science and resource management
GC-IMS
Yukon-North Slope
Regional Integrated Regional Integrated Monitoring Systems (RIMS)Monitoring Systems (RIMS)
The Vision – A National Climate Effects The Vision – A National Climate Effects NetworkNetwork
• A truly integrated National climate effect monitoring A truly integrated National climate effect monitoring network capable at a range of temporal and spatial scalesnetwork capable at a range of temporal and spatial scales
• A scientific team focused on early detection and scientific A scientific team focused on early detection and scientific analysis in support of adaptation or mitigation strategiesanalysis in support of adaptation or mitigation strategies
• An information dissemination and decision support system An information dissemination and decision support system for cost effective, scientifically rigorous management and for cost effective, scientifically rigorous management and policy decisionspolicy decisions
• The capacity for the next generation to protect and The capacity for the next generation to protect and sustain our National trust resources through early sustain our National trust resources through early detection of changedetection of change