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ROHIT KRISHNAN K.V ROLL NO: 44S8 ME Department of Mechanical EngineeringLBS CollegePovval

EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON CUTTING TOOL DURABILITY20-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE1

1OUTLINEINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVEEXPERIMENTAL SETUPPROCEDUREMETHODOLOGYRESULTSCONCLUSIONSREFERENCES

220-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCEINTRODUCTIONMajor needs are high material removal rate, good surface finish and low tool wear.Commonly used cutting tool is HSS.Machining of harder materials using existing conventional techniques is uneconomical.Cryogenic treatment is subzero thermal treatment for ferrous tool.Increases product life, Improves wear resistance of steel. Subjected to temp. below 196C for 20-60 hrs in well insulated chambers & liquid nitrogen.Tool life depends on cutting speed, feed , depth of cut 320-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCEOBJECTIVETo compare the performance of cryogenically treated and that of untreated tool.

To analyse the effectiveness of cryogenically treated cutting tool.

To improve stress relief, toughness of tool.

420-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCEEXPERIMENTAL SETUP Machine tool :- High power rigid lathe machine, 6.5 feet bed, 3-phase 2 HP MOTOR

Cutting tool :- Untreated HSS S-400 single point Cryogenically treated HSS S-400

Work material:- Mild steel

520-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCEPROCEDURE Following are the procedures being adopted for cryogenic treatment of cutting tool.Ramp down Lowering temperature of part down to -300F for 6 to 10 hrs.Slow ramp down is to prevent temperature gradientDipping in liquid nitrogenPrevents thermal shocking

620-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCESoakingHolding temp. at -300F for some period of time.Reactions and changes are slow and need time to occur.

720-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE Provides time for crystal structure to react to the low temp. Energy goes out of lattice and gives stronger crystal structure. Ramp up Very important process & may take eight to twenty hours. Brings temp. back to room temperature.

Ramping up too fast can create problems820-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCETemper ramp up Ramps up to the predetermined level over a period of time by tempering. Convert all retained austenite in the part to martensite which is brittle. Tempering temperatures are from 300F to 1100F. Temper hold Assures that entire part has had the benefit of tempering temperatures. It is about 3 hrs.

920-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE

Turning operation was done on rotating cylindrical workpiece. Cutting operation carried out using CT and UT HSS tool.

Increase in nose radius was measured for each CT and UT HSS tool. Different experiments were performed by changing machining parameters.

1020-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCEMETHODOLOGYIn the metallurgical study mild steel was used as the work material.Have been obtained using a metallurgical microscope of magnification x100

1120-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCENose radius of UT and CT HSS tools were measured after each experimental run.Was taken by universal measuring microscope.

Universal Measuring Microscope used to measure the nose radius1220-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCERESULTS

1320-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE The application of cryogenic treatment is seen to be more effective at a higher cutting speed. Tool life at a higher depth of cut is substantially low compared to that at a low depth of cut. Tool life at a lower feed rate is much higher than that at a higher feed rate. Increase in nose radius is less value for CT tools compared to that of UT tools.

1420-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE Microstructure obtained for cryogenically treated and untreated cutting tool

Microstructure of CT HSS tool materialMicrostructure of UT HSS tool material1520-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCECONCLUSIONSPerformance of CT tool has significantly enhanced & tool life is doubled.Microstructure of HSS gets refined and particles are uniformly distributed by CT.Cryogenic treatment provides less increase in nose radius thereby less tool wear. CT HSS tool represent positive scope of cryogenic treatment on tool & die materials.

1620-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCEREFERENCES1. Mohan Lal D, Renganarayanan S. and Kalanidhi A. (2001), Cryogenic treatment to augment wear resistance of tool and die steels, Cryogenics 41:149-155 doi:10.1016/S0011-2275(01)00065-0.2. Cohen .P and Kamody D. (1998), Cryogenics goes deeper Cutting Tool Eng150(7): 46-50.3. Sekhar Babu P, Rajendran P. and Rao K. N.(2005), Cryogenic treatment of M1,EN19 and H13 tool steels to improve wear resistance IE(I) JournalMM 86 : 64-66.4. Flavio J, Sinesio D, Emmanuel O, Allisson R and Antonio M (2006),Performance of cryogenically treated HSS tools Wear 261: 674-685.5. Raghuwanshi B. S. (1990), A Course in Workshop Technology, Volume II(machine tools) New Delhi: Dhanpat Rai & Company Ltd. 23(5) : 309-316.

1720-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE6. Bayhan Y. (2006), Reduction of Wear Via Hard Facing of Chisel Ploughshare Tribology International 39 :570-574, 2006.7. Singh A. H. (2007), Effect of Cryogenic treatmenton machining characteristics of titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4v) M.Tech. Thesis, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.8. Grewal J. (2007), Effect of cryogenic treatment of the wire on machining performance of Wire Cut Electric Discharge Machine M.Tech. Thesis, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India9) Huang, J.T. and Lliao, Y.S. (2003), Optimization of machining parameters of wire EDM based on Grey relational and statistical analysis,International Journal of Production Resources, Vol.41, No.8, pp. 1707-1720.10) Primero Limited (2005), User Manual-Cryo Processing System (Model No. CP 220 LH), Primero Enserve(I) Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India.11) Young, A. Y. L., Seah, K. H. W., Rahman, M. (2005) Performance of cryogenically treated carbide tools in milling operations International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, In Press.1820-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCETHANK YOU

1920-Mar-14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LBSCE