Upload
vanthuy
View
225
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Effects of high PV penetration in a low voltage grid
meteoRES Oldenburg University/ ForWind – 19.11.2013
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Agenda
2
Top 1: Introduction
Top 2: The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid
Top 3: Results
Top 4: Outlook
Electricity Network SWU Netze GmbH
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
11/2
0/13
Sei
te 4
Distribution Network Total: 3.131 km HV: 26 km MV: 1.273 km LV: 1.832 km Meter: 53.000 Load: 94 – 282 MW Energy: 1.578 GWhPV-Systems Power: 86.6 MWp Systems: 4.164 Energy: 77,5 GWh
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
PV-Development – Number of Systems
4
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
PV-Development – Installed Power
5
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Agenda
6
Top 1: Introduction
Top 2: The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid
Top 3: Results
Top 4: Outlook
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid
11/2
0/13
Sei
te 8
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Roofpotential
Grid Data
PV Modell
Shading
Grid Simulation Weather Forecast
Weather Data
Satellit Images
Grid Status, Load Flow, Voltage, Feed In Management
PV System Info
endorse-fp7.eu
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Smart Grid Research at Ulm – Main Questions
! How much PV the grid can take?
! What happens when 25% / 50% ….100% of the houses have PV systems
! How the grid has to be enforced?
! Which technical solutions are available?
! What are the costs?
! Which are the cost effective solutions?
11/2
0/13
Sei
te 9
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Test Site 2 at Ulm„Hittistetten“ (setup started)
10
Eckdaten" Senden Hittistetten" 2 Trafostationen" 8,6 km Niederspannungskabel /
-freileitung" 110 Netzanschlüsse" 59 PV-Anlagen mit 1162 kW
Anschlussleistung
Senden
Gerlenhofen
Holzschwang
Richtung Ulm
A7
Hittistetten
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Test Site 2 - „Hittistetten“
11
Key Figures" Senden Hittistetten" 2 Transformer (630 kVA)" 8,6 km LV cables" 110 Grid connection points" 59 PV-Systems 1.162 kWp" Load 1.124 MWh" PV Input 1.104 MWh
" PV Fraction 100%
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Existing Monitoring Equipment
Energy Counter for PV-Systems• Power 15 Minute time resolution• Voltage 1 Minute-time resolution
„Smart-Meter“ at private selected Households• Power 15 Minuten• Smart Meter Gateway- Conexa
Grid Quality Measurement• Flicker • Voltage Quality (DIN EN 61000-4-30)
Sky-Image• General Electric Research
Local Weather Station/Solar Radiation Measurement• System from Skytron Energy: Solar Radiation, Wind, Temperature
LV Measurement at Transformer• Voltage, current, power at each feeder line
MV Measurement• Voltage at MV bus bar
Sei
te 1
3
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Meteorological data in Ulm
13
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Meteorological data in Ulm
13
Air temperatureRelative humidityWind speed and directionGround temperaturesRainAir pressure10 minutes averages
Air TemperatureWind speed and directionRelative humidityLuminosity
Wind speed and directionAir temperature and pressureRelative humidityPyranometer horizontal and 30 degreeDiffuse irradiance (under construction)10-minutes & Seconds
Air TemperatureWind speed and directionRelative humidityLuminosity
PV-Cell temperature (PT1000)Si-SensorPyranometer CMP11Air temperatureRainWind strength and direction10-Minutes & Seconds
PV-Cell temperature (PT1000)Si-SensorPyranometer CMP11Air temperatureRainWind strength and direction10-Minutes & Seconds
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Agenda
14
Top 1: Introduction
Top 2: The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid
Top 3: Results
Top 4: Outlook
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
ResultsClear Sky Day
! Power flow at the LV transformer
11/2
0/13
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Messung an 8 Transformator-Abgängenim Sekundentakt
Gefördert Im Rahmen des EU FP7-Projekts ENDORSE
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
ResultsScattered Day
! Power Flow at LV transformer
11/2
0/13
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Messung an 8 Transformator-Abgängenim Sekundentakt
Gefördert Im Rahmen des EU FP7-Projekts ENDORSE
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
ResultsOvercast Day
! Power flow at LV transformer
11/2
0/13
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Messung an 8 Transformator-Abgängenim Sekundentakt
Gefördert Im Rahmen des EU FP7-Projekts ENDORSE
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Variability Analysis (1 sec resolution)
! Power Change without PV
11/2
0/13
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Umwelt
! Power Change with PV
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Voltage at the LV transformer
19
+10% (EN 50160)
-10% (EN 50160)
UN U
U
t
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Voltage at the LV transformer
19
+10% (EN 50160)
-10% (EN 50160)
UN
U
U
t
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Voltage at the LV transformer
19
• Voltage depends on • Load• Generation• Medium voltage
• Load following standard load profile• Generation following irradiance• Medium voltage is NOT constant 10.2 kV
+10% (EN 50160)
-10% (EN 50160)
UN
U
t
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Measurements Clear Sky
20
• No similarity even under clear sky condition Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Umwelt
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Medium Voltage Change
11/2
0/13
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Umwelt
Dependency on medium voltage
Dependency ofload and generation
Will get steeper with larger PV share
or weaker grid
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
PV Influence on the voltage
22
Voltage rise: reduction of the voltage drop over the transformer
Clear Sky Overcast
Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Umwelt
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Agenda
23
Top 1: Introduction
Top 2: The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid
Top 3: Results
Top 4: Outlook
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Pro-Active Grid Planning – Grid Enforcement
17
6
45
3/1
11
8
5
5
69
25
26
1824
11
2
4
58
3
67
Today: Buildings 130
Load 767 MWh PV-2013 222 kWp Transformer 630 kVA
Future: PV-100% 1.430 kWp PV/Ptr 227 %
Feeder-Lines Load Voltage
A 30% 1,00B 14% 1,00C 170% 1,09D 96% 1,04E 57% 1,03F 111% 1,07G 150% 1,11H 22% 1,05
1,03 pu
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Pro-Active Grid Planning – Feed in management
26
17
6
45
3/1
11
8
5
5
69
25
26
1824
11
2
4
58
3
67
Today: Buildings 130
Load 767 MWh PV-2013 222 kWp Transformer 630 kVA
Future: PV-100% 1.430 kWp PV/Ptr 227 %
Feeder-Lines Load Voltage
A 30% 1,00B 14% 1,00C 170% 1,09D 96% 1,04E 57% 1,03F 111% 1,07G 150% 1,11H 22% 1,05
Feed
er H
– P
V10
0%
Feed in management – better solution
# Precise curtailment on very few days/hours of the year
# Energy losses about 0,3%/year
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Solar Roof Potential Analysis
! Test Site Einsingen All roofs with PV Systems!! Transformer 630 kVA! PV Roof Power 1430 kWp
Two times solar energy compared to load! Load 747 MWh! PV Input 1500 MWh! BUT NOT DURING NIGHT! NOT ENOUGH DURING WINTER
11/2
0/13
N11
, Flo
rian
Mei
er, N
etz-
& A
nlag
enpl
anun
g.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Gefördert durch SWU, Stadt Ulm und Sparkasse Ulm
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
" Standard solar roofpotential analysis
" Old Data (2002)" Rough Estimate
(app. 1 Point/m²)
Solar Roof Potential Analysis – Experiences
GoogleMaps LUBW Potentialatlas EE
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
" No useful results
" Standard solar roofpotential analysis
" Old Data (2002)" Rough Estimate
(app. 1 Point/m²)
Solar Roof Potential Analysis – Experiences
GoogleMaps
SunArea + GridIt
LUBW Potentialatlas EE
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
" Improved results
" Still problems with existing PV
" No useful results
" Standard solar roofpotential analysis
" Old Data (2002)" Rough Estimate
(app. 1 Point/m²)
Solar Roof Potential Analysis – Experiences
GoogleMaps
SunArea + GridIt
LUBW Potentialatlas EE
SunArea + Blom
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
" Improved results
" Still problems with existing PV
" No useful results
" Standard solar roofpotential analysis
" Old Data (2002)" Rough Estimate
(app. 1 Point/m²)
Solar Roof Potential Analysis – Experiences
GoogleMaps
" New flight data
" Excellent results
" Correct analysis ofexisting PV-systems
SunArea + GridIt
LUBW Potentialatlas EE Laserscanner 2013
SunArea + Blom
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Smart Grid Gateway needed
29
11/2
0/13
Abt
eilu
ng, N
ame
in F
ußze
ile e
intra
gen
.
© S
WU
-Unt
erne
hmen
sgru
ppe
Our Research Projects are supported by:
Projects Financing Partner
ENDORSESolar Power Forecast
EU-FP7-Space(2010-2013)
Ecole d‘Mines, DLR,…
SmartSolarGridSmart Grid Gateway for PV-Systems
EU-EFRE-BW(2012-2014)
THEBEN, KACO, SWU, AMA Systems, BTC,Solare Datensysteme, Hessware
PVSYS-NSLV-Grid-Optimisation
BMU(2012-2014)
ZSW, SWU
NATHAN PVGrid Planning
BMBF(2013-2017)
SWU, Uni Agder (NO), AMA Systems, Digsilent
OrPHEuSElectricity/Gas/Heat
EU-FP7-ICT(2013-2016)
WIP, AIT, TU Wien, SWU, UNI/DSO Schweden, NEC
Contact:
Prof. Gerd HeilscherHolger RufFalko Ebe
Hochschule Ulm - University of Applied SciencesInstitut für Energie- und Antriebstechnik Eberhard Finckh Str. 1189075 UlmMail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Florian Meier
SWU Netze GmbHHead of Network PlanningKarlstraße 189073 Ulm Tel.: 0731 / 166 - 1810Mail: [email protected]