EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE BALANCE OF NATURE

Prepared by: Ms. Bernabeth Jo T. Tendero

DEFORESTATION

2002 DENR status report on land classification

DEFORESTATION

Actual Forest Cover 2 million ha.

DIPTEROCARP FORESTS

MOSSY FORESTS

PINE FORESTS

MANGROVE FORESTS

DEFORESTATION

Rate of decrease in Forest Cover – 2% per yearabout 130 000 ha per year

1997, 5.4 M ha out of 10M ha mentioned above remained

Out of the 5.4 M ha 804 900 ha are old dipterocarp forests

PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

Indiscriminate Logging

PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

Indiscriminate Logging

PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

Shifting cultivation (Kaingin Farming)

PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

Forest Fires

PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

Conversion to agricultural land

PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

Human Settlements

EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS

Greater Erosion

EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS

More Floods

EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS

Less protection of Coastal areas from erosion and wave action

EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS

Less income for people whose livelihood depends on Forest Products

Less Protection of Fragile Ecosystems from typhoon winds and rains

EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS

Fewer trees to draw or remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS

Depletion of wildlife resources

WILDLIFE DEPLETION

Wildlife – generally refers to plants and animal species, both terrestrial and aquatic, thriving in their natural habitat

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Mouse deer or Pilandok (Tragulus nigricans)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Philippine deer or usa (Cervus mariannus)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Palawan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron emphanum)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE Giant Scops Owl or kwago (Mimizuku

gurneyi)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE Kock’s pitta or liaco (Pitta kochi)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Mindoro’s imperial pigeon or balud (Dacula mindorensis)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE Eastern sarus crane or tipol (Grus antigone

sharpii )

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Rufous hornbill or kalaw (Buceros hydrocorax)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Dugong or duyong (Dugong dugon)

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Green Sea Turtle or pawikan (Chelonia mydas)

CAUSE OF WILDLIFE DISAPPEARANCE

Habitat lossDioscoro Rabor – rapid reduction of forest cover birds in Philippine forests disappear faster than scientists can identify them

Extinction vs. Speciation appearance of new species as a result of

continuous evolution (2 000-100 000 generations before evolution occurs)

Rate of extinction (100 species/day worldwide) exceeds speciation

DESTRUCTION OF COASTAL RESOURCES

COASTAL RESOURCES

Coral Reefs and Mangroves- serves as breeding grounds and nurseries of marine fishes

HARM DONE TO CORAL REEFS

Siltation due to erosion

HARM DONE TO CORAL REEFS

Destructive Fishing Method

HARM DONE TO CORAL REEFS

Coastal Development

HARM DONE TO MANGROVES

Overharvesting Conversion of Mangrove areas to fishponds,

salt beds, and resident areas

FISH KILL

EUTROPHICATION

EUTROPHICATION

RED TIDE OR ALGAL BLOOM

ACID PRECIPITATION

DEFOLIATION