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Effects of the Oceans on the

Land

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Introduction

The ocean waves and currents are

constantly in the process of changing

coastlines through the process of erosion.

Entire land areas can disappear in a single

powerful hurricane. In other cases,

currents deposit thousands of tons of sand

and silt. This lesson addresses the abilityof the land to be changed by oceans.

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http://classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFolio.cgi?direct=Geography/Coasts&img=

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Take OnlyPhotos, Leave

Only Footprints

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Ocean Waves

Wind and Friction Create Waves

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Two Types of Waves

Erosional Waves Depositional Waves

More Energy Less Energy

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Stage 1Waves attack a weakness

in the headland.

Stage 2A cave is formed.

Stage 3Eventually the cave

erodes through the headland to

form an arch.

Stage 4The roof of the arch

collapses leaving a column ofrock called a stack.

Stage 5The stack collapses

leaving a stump

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Stacks and Cliffs

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Cliffs

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Erosional Stack

.

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Cliffs caused by Wave Erosion

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Groynes

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Your experiences

How many of you have been to the Texas coast ?

How many of you have had experience on a beach andwhat did you most remember?

What evidence is there that the waves are actually movingthe sand?

What about more powerful waves such as those seenduring hurricanes? Do you think that they change theland?

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Rock Wall Along the Coast

Protecting the coastline from waves

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Groyne or Rock Wall

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Cliffs

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Cliffs Caused By Erosion

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Salt Marsh

A salt marsh is a coastal marsh that forms

on mud flats. They usually form in very

sheltered inlets and estuaries, or behind

spits (places where fine sedimentaccumulates). Salt marshes form as

vegetation builds up on these mud flats .

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Mudflats

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Beaches

The beach is the area between the lowest

spring tide level and the point reached by

the storm waves in the highest tides.

Every beach is different but they are

usually made up of material depositedby

waves.

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Sand Dunes

Sand dunes are created by strong windsand not by coastal erosion or deposition.

As sand is blown up a beach it forms smallhills. These are often kept together bylong-rooted grasses such as marramgrass. Marram grass is usually planted toreduce the erosion of the otherwiseunstable sand dunes.

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Waves

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The Beach

High Tide

Low Tide

Beach

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Processes That Move sediment

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Sand Dunes

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Sand Dunes

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Language

Backwash-movement of water back towards the sea after a wave has broken Shingle-small rounded pebbles, usually found on the beach

Swash-movement of water up the beach away from the sea as a wave reaches the

shore.

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Beaches

Shingle (pebblesand Stones)

Sandy Beach

http://www.angliacampus.com/tour/sec/geog/coastal/beachb.gifhttp://www.angliacampus.com/tour/sec/geog/coastal/beachb.gifhttp://www.angliacampus.com/tour/sec/geog/coastal/beachb.gifhttp://www.angliacampus.com/tour/sec/geog/coastal/beachb.gifhttp://www.angliacampus.com/tour/sec/geog/coastal/beachb.gif

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