Effects twins multiples in family.pdf

7/28/2019 Effects twins multiples in family.pdf

1/18

The eecTso Twins andmulTiple birThs onamilies and Theirliving sTandardsStephen McKayUniverSity o BirMinghaMMarch 2010


2/18

02

conTenTsconTenTs .............................................................................................................iilisT o Tables ...................................................................................................... iiilisT o igures ....................................................................................................iii

1........... idu ................................................................................................................................................................................041.1........ Mds ......................................................................................................................................................................................042........... Bkud ................................................................................................................................................................................042.1........ tds mull bs ............................................................................................................................................................042.2........ pus s ws d mull bs .......................................................................................................................052.3........ rs ws d muls ........................................................................................................................................................053........... rs u ws d ls t s .....................................................................................................................063.1........ D d mds .....................................................................................................................................................................063.2........ ml sus ...............................................................................................................................................................................063.3........ t s ...............................................................................................................................................................................073.3.1..... adjusm bm ...........................................................................................................................................073.3.2..... ims d l sus .....................................................................................................................................................083.3.3..... emlm ...............................................................................................................................................................................093.3.4..... cld .....................................................................................................................................................................................103.4........ tddls d s sl .....................................................................................................................................................104........... rs mls w ws d mull bs ........................................................................................................................114.1........ D d mds .....................................................................................................................................................................114.2........ oums mls s ws d mulls .......................................................................................................114.2.1..... ims.......................................................................................................................................................................................114.2.2..... Ml d ..................................................................................................................................................................124.2.3..... emlm ...............................................................................................................................................................................124.2.4..... Ml sus ..............................................................................................................................................................................134.3........ mls w ws w ms mss? ...................................................................................135........... all w u, ws m 23 46 s ld .............................................................................................................................145.1........ D d mds .....................................................................................................................................................................145.2........ Ml wll-b ....................................................................................................................................................................145.3........ ml m d ml sus .........................................................................................................................................145.3.1..... B , s ld .............................................................................................................................................................155.4........ Sus ml su ..................................................................................................................................................156........... cluss ................................................................................................................................................................................17

rs ..................................................................................................................................................................................18lisT o Tablestbl 3.1 Ms ls m b, d ms l (McS) ..............................................................06tbl 3.2 ....as w m d ld (McS) .......................................................................................................................07tbl 3.3 .... es (McS) .................................................................................................................................................07tbl 3.4 ....a ms (McS1) ...................................................................................................................................................08tbl 3.5 .... l s (McS1)................................................................................................................................08tbl 3.6 .... Wk sus, m uls d l s (McS1) ...................................................................................................09tbl 3.7 .... cs wk sus m (McS) ..........................................................................................................................09tbl 3.8 ....cld ms wls wk/ll (McS1) ...............................................................................................

10tbl 3.9 ....Sl-dss (McS2) ....................................................................................................................................................10tbl 4.1 ....husld wkl qulsd ms, b w ml ludd mull b (rS 04/5-06/7) ......................11tbl 4.2 ....adul d ld ml d (rS 04/5-06/7) ......................................................................................................12tbl 4.3 .... adul mlm (rS 04/5-06/7) ...................................................................................................................................12tbl 4.4 ....Ml sus m ms (rS 04/5-06/7) ................................................................................................................13tbl 5.1 .... cumss ncDS sds 46 ..............................................................................................................14tbl 5.2 .... cumss ncDS sds 23 ..............................................................................................................15tbl 5.3 .... cumss ncDS sds 41 ..............................................................................................................15tbl 5.4 ....W b wls w u ..................................................................................................................15tbl 5.5 ....M su su dd 41 ......................................................................................................................16tbl 5.6 ....M su su dd 46 ......................................................................................................................16

lisT o iguresu 2.1 ..... aul umbs bs eld & Wls, 1938-2007............................................................................................04u 2.2 ..... p mull bs eld & Wls, 1938-2007, d ms m b ..........05u 3.1 ..... W l u wk, b ld (McS1), m s l u ....................................09u 4.1 ..... Sd ms (equlsd, wkl) b ml sus (rS 3 ws) .....................................................................11

Poesso Stepen MKy is te i in soil ese t te Univesity o Bimingm.all imges by: Den Willims, Mlplu


3/18

03

orewordOu sinee tnks to Poesso Stepen

MKy wo ompiled tis epot nd o

Blys Bnk wo elped meet te osts

involved.

Sine te Twins nd Multiple Bits

assoition (Tmb) oundtion ove 30

yes go, we ve been telling suessive

Govenments tt it osts moe to ise

twins, tiplets nd moe nd tt ou

milies fnd it difult nd need elp.

To dte, evey Govenment s lgely

dismissed tese onens nd dditionl

elp s not been otoming.

Well, tis epot uses te Govenments

own dt to pove onlusively tt ou

milies know wt tey e tlking bout.

By ny ompison, tey e pooe tn

ote milies, fnd it moe difult ising

tei ilden nd onsequently ige

popotion o eltionsips ppe to end in

seption.

Tee e some simple tings tt

Govenments oss te UK n do to elp

nd tese inlude;

easing The TransiTion To parenThood by:1. exd m d l mull b s m m lsl s , w

ddl 18 wks ms ws, 30 wks ms ls (d mulls) d 18 ds

ll s.

reducing The inancial sTrain by:2. ad mdl ld b ss usd rubl ild, w mull b s

d m b d l w ld u s d w ld b

ms sd b l ws d dubld ls d d mulls.

easing moThers back inTo work by:3. idu su bl ll us sl ls mull b ld

sm s d sm m d s l su mls w ws us sl

ld ds.

supporTing amily relaTionships:4. pd su tmbs su ss.

i ls mmd su ss u s mus . Dl 30 s wll

sml sul m m d ssd, u, mull b mls.

kt r

T c ext


4/18

04

at t t tt

t f

q t t.

wt t t t t t tt t-

-t t, t t

x t q

t f.

h, t

t tt t t

tt t f

tt ,

t

t tx ft t.

T t t ttt ,

t t

t

tt, t t

t t.

1.1 meThodsW ls ll smll

ul u, su s ws

w ud 1/65 bs B, l s

s b lss

l-sl dss. t

umb m sus

lud l smls ld,

d lk su s s ms,

bs, l sdds

d s wk. tw

ul s s lss

Mllum c Sud d

ml rsus Su.t Mllum c Sud

(McS) s llw u 18,500

ld b 2000/2001, w

ws w ld

d 9 ms, s,

s, d u. ts sud

us d UK b

suds. t ws lll

su sd 1958, t

nl cld Dlm Sud(ncDS) k u ld

b sm wk ,

d s ud w m

(, w u, s)

subsqu ss.

t ul ml rsus Su

(rS) s 25,000 uslds

w 16,000 ld, d s

k su sss

d lw m.

t McS d ncDS dmull bs dl; rS

w mus mk us s

ld (d lss w

usld) d mull

bs. ts, w, s lkl b

d xm, w.

1: inTroducTion

2.1 Trends inmulTiple birThst w 10,000 mull

bs eld & Wls,

lus ud 800 Sld d 300

n ild. t umb

mull bs s fuud

m, s s ll umb

bs. t umb mull

bs eld & Wls d

xd 11,000 1947, d

lw 5,500 1977. as sw

u 2.1, umb mull

bs fs, l x,

ll umb bbs b

b. t l umb bs ws

ull jus sd

wld w, d sd

s-w bb bm w kd

md-1960s d s w

ms w mull bs w

ms qu.

t ds l d mull

bs md us

s 1970s. t umb

mull bs s b sl

s d s md-1970s,w s ud b

ds l umb bs.

tl bs ll bw 1990 d

2001, bu umb mull

bs ud s

ms s.

See igUre 2.1

ts u s msl ud-

b s ls

sss , ludiv, bu ls fs ds

s ms. e wu

sss qus, lkld

mull ms s

2: background


5/18

05

ld m, d

s s b s

s.

ts sl ds

uqu eld & Wls,

bu b llwd m

us w w m. gs d Dadd

(2006: 250) ud mm

d dl w

s du s

qus 20 cu, d

sl uwd d

s 1970s 1980s.

t s u udl, kw

s hlls lw, w bs u

bu 89 s,

ls 89 x 89 ( 7921), quduls 89 x 89 x

89 ( 704,969), d s . ts

mul s b mll

u bu ds ud

xm s

mull bs bs

l m (llm d

ekss 2009).

i umb mull

bs eld & Wls w

ss ud 65 bs 15 bs 1000

(, 1.5 ). t

bs suld ws,

ls d mull bs

ll smw bw 1950 d

l 1970s (s u 2.2).

t mull b

ud s s

ms, 1.5

ll. a s,

md 1970s, s wuld l

b b 100. t bs w du

sl ld s l

s s s s dd du

1990s, bu s sll slwl s.

i sd l u

2.2, (b), w l

w ms b

. t s-w d

wm ws

dd w d

b, w uddu 1960s bb bm. t

subsqu s qu

mull bs s fd

s s

w wm b s m

26 s ld

l 1970s, 29 s

ms us.

See igUre 2.2

2.3 raising Twins and

muTiplest s sl sw l s ws;

l l ldd

ds l d ml

bw sls d ws suld

b smll ( xs ll). W s

lss l d mu lss sd,

d subj s sud, s

squs mls

s ws d ld m

mull bs.t d ss

x b ds

xs s

s ws sl

ld. ps s ws

umb ds md

s sl ld.

s, w m x b

ds w s

ws sd m, s w

ld wll dmd m m . i su ds

m us, s m u

ssu lss. Sd,

ss ld wll bl

b w w ld

, mk u wk

m dul. td, wll b

d sd m -

uss w ld, w

lss d dw su

ms m ld .t ddl s

bs mls

mull b.


6/18

06

3.1 daTa and meThods

t Mllum c Sud(McS) s b llw u

ld b ud m

mllum. ts u

ld b UK

12 ms s Smb

2000 (sll l Sld d

n ild). im ws

s lld m s mls

ul ms bs

d k l. a sd su

k l w s ld w s ld, d d su

w w d d sd

m sl.

alss s uqu su

d l-sl d u

d ds suls s

s. W s lk sm

ds ml umss

bw mls ws d

ls (mull bs) d

sl bs (sls), bu lk ms d

mlm.

3.2 amily sTaTustws d ls m lkl

sls b b

s w md d

l (tbl 3.2).

Sm 71 w

bs, d 83 lbs, w md s,

md w 59

ll bs McS.

ts ds m

x. ps w l

d

s mlm d l

sdds d l s;

m, md s d

b b s

l wls umd.S w m x sm

kd

mull bs m m

dd bs.

B m s w,ud ms b,

w 89 ws (d ll

smll umb ls)

md usld,

md w 85

sl bs.

See taBLe 3.1

o m dsbw mull bs d

sl bs s m

m lkl s ms

bm ld. am s

ws, b ws

bu 31 s, md w jus

ud 29 bs s wl t

3: raising young Twins and TripleTs -The irsT year


7/18

07

l bs ws

34. ts suls ss

w l d, w ds

s mull bsm s d 35-39, w

lws d m u

ms. Sm

bs ms d ud 20,

bu l mull

bs, McS.

Mu s w wuld lk s

suls mls w ls

sl, w l su

mls, u 18500,

s ud s su. tm w w wll (lul, bu

bl) mb suls w

s mls w ws, w

d xs m b

. u m

s u s lbl nl

Su tls d h-d

Bs m l 1980s (B

l 1990).

See taBLe 3.2

i wll b m

sd s

d ml s.

old ms m

lkl b d wk, d

md, u ms.

i s m w k

sm ss su

mss b md

lk--lk, d w d

bu s ws s sul

ld m. o sml w

d s s djus suls

sls s s

m sm l

s ms w mull bs

m sdds. S,

wls ll bls w sw suls sl bs, sm ss

w wll m sw w

suls wuld lk lk sl

s b sm s

s s w mull b. ts

ls l s

ds ms

w ws d ls

ll b.

3.3 The irsT yeari s lds l ll

s lkl ud

ss djusm. ts m

b s ld, bu

w subsqu ld wll

b s, s ull

ld sbls. adjus ws

d ls s lkl b m

dmd sl bs.

3.3.1 adjusTmenTTo becoming aparenTi tbl 3.3 w s

sws b ms

ws d ls, md

ms sud. cls w ds (64

) ms w d

mull b sd l

d ms ll m,

md w jus ud l

(49 ) ms

sl b. Sm

38 s w

mull b dsbd ls

sl ls (24

ll ms), d 60 sd l d

d m lk

ld (71 ll).

W sml ud 250

ms w ws ls w

mus llw d m

suls. Ssll u

sms s u subj

d l bu

lus--mus 6%. W ls du

us ssl ss ds bw ms, d

s bl s

s, l ds d

bw mull b ms d

sl ms w ssll

s 1% ll, m

s m 99% lkl

ds sw dd s

b .

See taBLe 3.3


8/18

08

3.3.2 incomes andinancial sTaTusps ws lw

ms s sls,

ll ds

ml sz. t m msu

m m uss sss s qulsd

m, w ms dd l

m b msu ml sz.

ts suld su mls

b md lk--lk

bss. s, ul ds

m m sl s

sm sdd l, bu

w s mu. as w sw

tbl 3.4, m

mls ( Mllum c

Sud) ws 340 wk. Bus

smll u mls s

ms, md m

ws lw, 271.

mls w d d mull

b, md sl b,

d lw ms, buw sll m lkl d

b lw m. o qu

ll mls d ms blw

161, wls s qu

mull b mls d ms

blw 172. hw, ml

bkud ws (s ld,

m lkl b md) suld

dd sm d

s lw ms. i

ms sls d

sm l s ms

ws, ms wuld b

sl d wuld b

l mls w ws w

m lkl b lw m.

e wu su djusms,

mls w mull b lss lkl ms.

t qu mls d

ms b ud 460

wk, md w mls w

mull b w m 393

wuld u m qu

ms m s u.

See taBLe 3.4

Ds u sml m lls, s s

ws ls

lls l sss (s

tbl 3.5). Wls 26

ll mls sd w l

mbl, d 28

s s sls w

-md mull bs,

l 17 s s

ws ls uld s

sm. Sm s w mull b

sd w d qu

dul,

s s sl ld

(w wuld ll s

ms l

md mull bs).

i ms us ,

du w smld ld

ld w b, 62

mull b u sd w w ll ws

, md w 41

s. ad l 11

s s ws/

ls sd w b ,

md w 19 ll

ms. t ls s tbl

3.5 lks w s d

s ss. abu l

s s ws ls

d usd u sm ll ss, md w 37

ll mls s sud.

See taBLe 3.5


9/18

09

3.3.3 employmenTi tbl 3.6 w sw wk

sus l s, d

j wk sus uls. t

umb l s w d

mull b ws qu smll

(30 ss) s w us uls. jus l (52 )

uls b s w

d wk (lud -m

wk). W mls d d

mull b, l 44

w dul- mls (ud

ms b). i

w djus sl us

m l s

s ws,

dul sbms sll l

See taBLe 3.6

tw ds ms d b

wk du

(tbl 3.7). W wd

sm ms

b, ls l (48 )

sl ms w

ld bk wk, md

w 40 s wd mull b. ts s

ds m Bw d pull

(2006: 36) us d d

Ms w bs ws

ls k l bs

s w sl

b. o m s ,

m s wk s w

mull b w sll m

lkl s w

l wk uu.

See taBLe 3.7

i u 3.1 w sw w qukl

s ms w l

u wk, lk s

( ld) w ld wk. ts sws slw

( l ) u

wk s w d mull

b. t s mu

x d wk wll

w ul ws ls d

(, ull-m m

sl) s.

csl ms sl

ld m lkl b

sd u wk w ld s d w, u.

See igUre 3.1

When child is aged


10/18

10

3.3.4 childcaret w 91 sds w

d ud wk ( ll)

d ll d

ld s ms.

i ll bu s ld

ms w sm mull-b ld, d

s w lk m

m.

t ms s

sw tbl 3.8, d ls sm

l ds bw mls.

ts s ws d ls

md m us

lk ld wls

wk sud, md

qud b lms l (46 ),md w ud d (31

) mls. ts

s mull b bbs w

ls lss lkl b us

ldmds s, bu

subsll m lkl b us

m u

u lms ll ss s ws

sm usd m

l-.

t s w

ld (34 ) w

qu sml ss w s

ml. hw, s s ws

ls w dubl mu ( s wkl,

120 wk 60), w

b us us ud 25 us

d ld.

See taBLe 3.8

3.4 Toddlers andsTarTing schoolt mls ld b

2000-01 w -wdud s b.

Wls sm s s

b qu s bu l

llul dlm ld

m mull bs, ll

s s b dud

B. i w 2 McS

ss quss ws skd bu

ld ms sl

lds sl-dss (Bk

2002). ts ludd quss

88 d s sx

s (s, lus, ls,

umbs, szs, mss d

ss). t ll sul m blssd us sl

dss m dd

dld.

i tbl 3.9 w sw s

suls us sls

d mull bs. ts ssssm

ws d u ld

sud, jus ld

usld. oll bu

sx ld w lssd

s , w bu b dld, d

dd sd. tws

d ls w m lkl

b lssd s dld,

d lss lkl b dd s

dd dd.

ts ds sus

ms sm dsd l

ldd b

mull b. t sm

x s suls m ls bf mu bs d

lw b ws, w

ls ssd w lds

dlm.

See taBLe 3.9


11/18

11


ts s lks mls wdd ld w d

mull b. r uss

ws d ls s bbs,

lks s ll s dd

s b dd s

u 16 s, u 18 sll

ull-m du. t k su

d s s s ml

rsus Su (rS). ts s

sud u b Dm

Wk d pss, d s usd(m s) d d

ld , s

d k-u sl su

bs. t gms

s du d ull

lm ld

kd us s

su.

W k su

s rS, 2004/5, 2005/6

d 2006/7 d sbl sml sz w

w wk. ts s

s s 581 ss

ws d 14 ss ls,

m l ud 25,000

mls. t d

mull bs m sd s

s , d wll

lud sm ld w

lsl sd (w ),

bu w sus s ds l d m. oll w

d ud 1.3

ms s b

mull b, ls

u mull bs

UK.

4.2 ouTcomes oramilies raising

Twins and oThermulTiples

4.2.1 incomest rS bbl s bs

d ms s lbl.

s mbd, m m mls w

dd ld ws 372

wk, bu l 346 mls w

mull b. t md m

( md- ms) ws 295

ll, bu l 268 mls

s ws ls.

t s qu ll mls

w l 192 wk lss,

bu s qu mls

w ws/ls d b w181 wk ls. as ud

b, ws ls szbl

d d ms.

See taBLe 4.1

t ull sd ms s wsw s u 4.1. ts ms

b sss, sw

mull b ld m

lkl ld b l

mls lw m, d

lss lkl b l s

mls b- lls

m. ts mss d

k u s,

su s

md uls mls wws, d ( dd) m

sw ll dsd.

See igUre 4.1

4: raising amilies wiTh Twins andmulTiple birThs


12/18

12

4.2.2 maTerialdeprivaTiont msum s

dll usd lls

m. i s, w,

s b sd dm

d l m d msus d. ts lud su

quss s w ml

d wk ld

, k u s su,

u bdms

ld . W

ml ds s,

skd s s bus

d m, sd

bus s d

wu m. D s msud b lk

umbs ms mls

d (smms w

w ds/

ss m mml

wd). t m ks

umbs mls w

lw m d lk s

kds s, s wll s s

w lw ms.

i rS quss sk bu ld

ml d, d l

bu duls wd ml.

t ls quss bu

umb ul blls

s (.. ul blls,

ul x, d ds). W

bul s s

ml d tbl 4.2.

mls w mull b

m lkl ms ld d, d

m s blls,

mls. t

d duls s

l u b ssll

s.

oll, , m

s d kds mls,

sml dul l

sdds s, bu lw

wll-b ld. Mdld lss suls

ld sw bs

ds w ld

u swmm d u

bdms ld.

See taBLe 4.2

4.2.3 employmenTo m dms

m s mlm sus. as w

ud w lss McS,ms s ws lss lkl

wk ms. Lk

dd ld ll s, 26

ms w wk

ull-m, md w 22

ms w mull b

(tbl 4.3). t l u w

ls m lkl b mll

, b mbl m

u s. t

ds m s smll us ull

d busss

suls.

See taBLe 4.3


13/18

13

4.2.4 mariTalsTaTusW ws d ls w

b, s w m

lkl b

md d l

(s 3). am llmls w dd

ld, mls w ws

ls m sll

m lkl b md,

bu ls m lkl

bm sd dd.

Ms sl bs m

lkl md sl, b 21

md w 15

s w d mull b.

t s sdbl sd ss ml

bkud. Wls s s

s bm m mm,

l dsss ds b m

ms mml d ss.

See taBLe 4.4

4.3 amilies wiThTwins which areThe mosT appropriaTe

comparisons? ml w wld m sm s

l ws m b

sm kd blss. h w

ld m mk s

dul m, bu uld

s ml bs w sm

bs md w

w sl bs? ts s

m w sd,

bu w xss d ssm bu s usulss.

t s m s s

, s sd b, s l

s ds ss

ws s ld

ml, d m b

md s

sl b d .

i s m u.

am s bbs ludd

Mllum c Sud, sm 55 ws w b

mls ld d ld,

d 24 ss

d w m ld b

ws. ms mull

bs, ws ks ml

sz m 1 ld ( m) 3

ld ( m), m z

w ld. W kw m

ls dl ml sz s w, s ws m s m

bd umb, s

ds s umb.

g bk 1958 s, w

l mls d b md

sssd du ls

sd w,

ud -qus ws w

b ld ls

ld b ss.

ts s m , ,s s wll-udsd l

mls d lls

dsd, d mull

bs bu

l ml ( Lu d

Bud 2006).

t sd s w s

w s lmd s s

usd s, d ll ld. cmd

w ld, s sw b

s 3.4, d s w sw

s 5, dsds

u s m mull

b. i s mu sl

s dduls d

m b sm m m

bs s

w ld sm m.

Dsd s mullbs m sll m d su

s m b bs ms

ddss s ds.


14/18

14


t nl cld DlmSud (ncDS) mss u

l ll b sm wk

1958. ts u b

d d -wd

sl ms ls . ts

ss uqu d m

su m ml

. i ws ll usd

lk uss ml

l l. isl s b

usd lk s ldd xs dul

ums. i s, s, b

usd k ds sl

mbl m (Bld l

2005).

i l j lk

ml, d s

m b, w 18,000

ld ludd sud,

lud 430 ws d ss

ls. B m d b-sd s subsqu

s 46, ws

w d w 200 ws

( ll m m s)

d w ls, d ll

w 9500 l u.

o us, sm d md

bd, dd, uld

b d ss.

ts uqu su l-

sl d ms quklms ums

ws (lus w ls)

mddl- md

sl bs. W us s

ds k w l m

b lk ws s w

u ldd. W lk

m s m w

s u w d 23, u

ms ws w

w d 46. uuws w s u

ls k l.

5.2 maTerial well-

beingi ms ml umss, ms msus, s

ssul ll d

mull bs m s b

46. W lkd ds

l, l sus, us

u, d w l w

.

ts ds m

xs ( tbl 5.1)

smll b ssll s.S, sml s

m mddl-d l m

mull d sl bs

ms : w-u;

; s m u

m; sl-ssssd l

su d sl-ssssd s

l. ts dub bu

wds s s

l m duld

ul ll l ld. tssuls d l

ds w kw xs

ws m lkl b

b ld ms, s

bu su ls wuld bbl l l u

sml ums ms l,

us d l mm.

See taBLe 5.1

5.3 amily ormaTionand mariTal sTaTusUlk w ml umss,

d b sm

ds s mlm m ws/

ls w sl bs.

i tbl 5.2 w lk suls

23, d sd m d

wm sl. am m,

s b md,

dd, w jus bu dl.

hw, m wm, s

w w ws w sl

m lkl md d

dd s u, b 23. t

m ls b m lkl

m sl, u d

5: all grown up, Twins rom 23 To 46years old


15/18

15

s s ml. oll w lss lkl md, d

sll b md, 23 (..

suls u 1981).

See taBLe 5.2

B 33 ( ncDS 5, 1991),

wm ud d

ml sus d b

mull b. B s , sm

15 ml ws ll ml sus s

dd, md w

sl bs.

ad l u w

sd ( l)

m, md w

s. t

ud b ds

ml sus ml ws,

md w ll m

sm . B 2004, wd 46, wm ud

b lss lkl b md (-

md), d m lkl

b dd, bu ds

w qu smll, d

smll ssl

d (=103).

ps lkd s

d s, wm w

w ws w lss lkl

dd ld lw m ( 41)

wm (s sw

tbl 5.3). t smd b

sml sl d

m, bu s d ws smllu b sul.

See taBLe 5.3

5.3.1 being in care,as a childa -23 w, ll

sds w skd: W

u , u kwld,

s ld? oll

sdd db sm s

ldd. t s s

w mu

ml ws, wm sm

lld

b ssm

sm m. t w

ds sss u wm bu b

, bw sl d

mull bs. i wuld b

s sd m

us, bu

b ld.

i s kw lkl

b squs

w u , lud

lw quls d

sks msm. ts 10 s szbl u, u

s ulkl ll

suls s u bu s lkl

b sl s d.

See taBLe 5.4

5.4 sources oemoTional supporTt ws l s w

sss dd b ws w d sws s


16/18

16

m sl bs, d s

ld sus sl

su. rsds w

skd: i u dd sm

su u sl l,

w s s u wuld b

ms lkl u su l? rsuls

sw blw, sus

b 41 d 46 -

tbl 5.5 d tbl 5.6. t

ws s (d ssll

s) d

sss . i ul,

lms w s m

ws sd wuld l

sbl su, md

w s (19 md w 10 ,

46). W l s

ssbl lk sl

m d wm, d sms

ds w m

ud ml

ws m. Ml ws

w, w, m lkl

s uld lk bu

w su

su, wls sws b wm w uml

w.

tws w sll lss lkl

m

s m su sl

su u sll w

ws d s l

s. ts sul sus

du bd bw ws

us qu l.

See taBLeS 5.5 & 5.6


17/18

17

Twins nd multiple bits e moe ommon mongolde motes, nd mong mied ouples. Tese

tos ougt to povide some degee o potetion

ginst disdvntge o low inome.

Despite tis, on vege milies wit multiple bit

d lowe vege inomes tn ote milies. Tey

lso epoted ige levels o mteil depivtion.

In bot ses te esults e om te suvey te

Govenment uses to tk ild povety.

Te te t wi motes etun to pid wok islowe (o, slowe) o mote o twins o tiplets,

omped to otes. howeve, te te o employment

o tes did not ppe to be eted.

Fmilies wit twins o tiplets wee moe likely

tn ote milies to epot tt tei inomes d

deesed ollowing te bit, nd tey epoted using

up moe o tei svings duing tis time.

Tese esults tend to undestte te disdvntgeed by su milies, nd moe ontolled

ompison (ginst milies wit motes o te sme

ge) sow gete disdvntge omped to singleton

milies.

Fmilies wit twins o tiplets wee lso moe likely

to epot eelings o tiedness, nd lowe levels o

onfdene nd ompetene in looking te tei

ilden.

Tee is some evidene tt milies wit multiplebit e moe likely to septe o divoe tn otes

milies.

One in middle ge, tee ppeed to be no

lingeing mteil disdvntges eting tose

om multiple bit, toug suppot menisms, in

ptiul, nd peps mily omtion pttens do

ontinue to die

6: conclusions

european soluTionsi UK, s ws mull bbs

ddl lm l l bs.

hw, m us ms

k u d umss s

s mull b ld, b ms

ss d - ss, d f bs s wll s

l l.

M us l lm ml w mull bs, lud ,

Blum, S, cz rubl d Swd.

xml, djusms md d

m l w mull

bs l sd m 11 ds 18 ds;

m l bs d w s l ws

s sl bs. p-ml l ss w

wks l Blum s mull bs,

d il d l l s l. i

cz rubl m bs ls wks

l s mull bs (37 wks). S

ds ddl w wks m l

mull b ld , Swd, sx ms.

Sd, bs lss d m

mull bs. hw, ild sl s

md m b d l w ld 4 d 12 s ld. M, ld b

ms sd b 50 s

ws, d dubld w ls

d bs . i Bul l

mls (3+ ld) s d w,

ml s l sz. t b s

mull bs cz rubl.

some o The main indings rom The daTa analysis were as ollows:


18/18

18

Euope nd Not amei Sutton Tust

Botolus, r., Pzzini, F., ctenoud, L., Benzi, G., Bini, M.

nd Mini, a. (1999) Te epidemiology o multiple bits, inhumn repodution Updte vol. 5 no. 2, pp 179-187

Botting, , B., Mlne, a. nd Pie, V. (1990) Tee, ou ndmoe: a study o tiplet nd ige ode bits, London: hMSO

Bken, B. (2002) Bken sool ediness ssessment:dministtion mnul, Psyology copotion

Bewe, M. nd Pull, G. (2006) Newbons nd new sools:itil times in womens employment, Leeds: cDS (DWPrese repot No. 308)

Bulme, M. (1970) Te biology o twinning in mn Oxod:

clendon Pess

cmpbell, D., Teijlingen, E. nd Yip, L. (2004) Eonomi ndsoil implitions o multiple bit in Best ptie & eselinil obstetis nd gyneology vol. 18 no. 4 pp 657-668

cistensen, K. nd MGue, M. (2008) Editoil: ademiievement in twins, in BMJ; 337; 651

Fellmn, J. nd Eiksson, a. (2009) On te istoy o hellins lwin Twin ese nd umn genetis, vol. 12, no. 2, pp 183-90

Golding, J. (1990) Ftos ssoited wit twinning nd otemultiple bit in Godlding, J. (edito) Soil nd biologil eetson peintl motlity, vol III Bistol: Univesity o Bistol, pp 21-66

Iovou, M. nd Betoud, r. (2006) Te eonomi positiono lge milies, Leeds: copote Doument Sevies (DWPrese repot No. 358)

Lytton, h. nd Gllge, L. (2002) Penting twins nd tegenetis o penting pp 227-253 in Bonstein, M. (edito)hndbook o penting New Jesey: Lwene Elbumassoites

Pison, G. nd Daddto, a. (2006) Fequeny o twin bits indeveloped ounties, in Twin rese nd humn Genetis, vol.9 no. 2, pp 250-259

ronlds, G., Stvol, B. nd Leon, D. (2005) Te omptiveost o being twin: evidene om ompisons witin miliesin te abedeen ilden o te 1950s oot study BMJ2005;331;1306

Wd Pltt, M., Glinini, S., rnkin. J., Wigt, c. nd renwik,M. (2006) Te Not o Englnd Multiple Pegnny registe:fve-ye esults o dt olletion in Twin rese nd humnGenetis, vol. 9 no. 6, pp 913-8.

reerences

t d usd s ubl w md lbl u eSrc D a. n l lls

d b ssbl lss s sd .

Documents

Effects twins multiples in family.pdf