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Efficiency Evaluation of Vegetable Oils for Deep Drawing Process

1* 2 1,2

E-mail: jiraporn.sri@kmutt.ac.th*

Jiraporn Sripraserd1*Ratchanee Hato2

1,2Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut�s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand

E-mail: jiraporn.sri@kmutt.ac.th *

(SUS430)

1:3 1:1 3:1

SKD11 (JIS) 60±2 HRC

0.12 ISO CUT 507 0.134

1.83 ISO CUT 507

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the possibility of using vegetable oils instead of synthetic lubricant for deep drawing process of ferritic stainless steel, SUS 430 (JIS). In this study, three types of

base lubricants were selected; coconut oil, palm oil and castor oil. Mixing of palm oil and coconut oil by the ratio of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:3 were applied. A ball-on-disk tribometer has been used to systematically

evaluate the friction coefficient. The limiting drawing ratio of SUS 430 when using various kinds of lubricants was investigated by Universal Sheet Metal Testing Machine. Tool was made from cold work

tool steel, SKD11 (JIS) and was hardened to 60±2 HRC. The results show that coconut oil and castor oil

are the best lubricant with the lowest friction coefficient of 0.12 while the synthetic oil ISO CUT 507 has a friction coefficient of 0.134. In addition, castor oil has given the maximum limiting drawing ratio of 1.83

equal to synthetic oil ISO CUT 507.

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Keywords: Stainless Steel, Deep Drawing Process, Lubricant, Vegetable Oil, Friction Coefficient,

Limiting Drawing Ratio

1.

(High carbon-high

chromium cold-work tool steel)

(Adhesion)

(Scratch)

(SUS430)

SKD11 (JIS)

1:3 1:1 3:1

ISO CUT 507

2.

2.1

Ball-on-Disk [1]

1 (Normal load, N)

(F)

( ) (1)

N

F (1)

SKD11 60 2HRC (Disk)

SUS430

( 1) 1 N

(Contact pressure)

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[3-5] 40 mm/s 250 m

1 [2]

1

Lubricant Viscosity (cSt) Price

@40oC @100oC (Baht/Liter)

ISO CUT 507 54.21 5.57 150

Coconut oil 25.56 6.96 120

Palm oil 41.26 8.14 45

Castor oil 249.40 19.21 70

Ratio of mixing

of palm oil &

coconut oil

1:3 31.34 7.21 101.25

1:1 35.28 7.39 82.50

3:1 39.02 7.84 63.75

2.2

(2)

d

d

1

0 (2)

( )

( d0)

( d1)

(Limiting Drawing

Ratio; max) ( 2)

SKD11 60 2HRC

42.5 mm 41.6 mm SUS430 0.4 mm

60-80 mm

( 2 mm) (Universal sheet metal testing

machine)

2

3.

3.1

3

2

[6]

3

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Punch

Die

Blank Holder

Workpiece

Cantilever transducer

Disk Friction force

Motor

Load

Ball

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0.12 1:3 1:1 3:1

ISO CUT 507 0.134

0.14

( 4 2)

ISO CUT 570

ISO CUT 507

(Mixed Film Lubricant)

(Boundary Lubricant)

4

2

Dry Condition ISO CUT 507 Scale

500 m

Coconut oil Palm oil Castor oil

Ratio of mixing of palm oil and coconut oil

1:3 1:1 3:1

3.2

5 2

1.68

1.83 ISO CUT 507

1.78

5

020406080

100120140160

1.60

1.65

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.85

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2

Lubricant Drawing Ratio;

= 1.44

Limiting Drawing

Ratio; max

Dry Condition

1.68

ISO CUT 507

1.83

Coconut oil

1.78

Palm oil

1.78

Castor oil

1.83

Ratio of

mixing of

palm oil & coconut oil

1:3

1.78

1:1

1.78

3:1

1.78

4.

- 0.12

ISO CUT 507 0.134

-

ISO CUT 570 -

-

-

1.83 ISO

CUT 507 -

ISO CUT 507

[1] ASTM G133-95, Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear,

p. 523-536. [2] Schey, John A., 1984, Tribology in Metalworking,

The American Society for Metals, U.S.A., pp. 94-99, 524-530, 536-550.

[3] John A.W. and Rob S. Dwyer-Joyce, 1999,

�Contact between Solid Surfaces�, In Modern Tribology Handbook Volume One, New York,

McGraw-Hill, pp. 121-159. [4] Johnson, K.L., 1994, Contact mechanics,

Cambridge university press, United State of America, pp. 92-93.

[5] ,

, 2549, ,

, .

[6] , 2547, ,

( - ).