egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY;ijd f’k{kk - INFLIBNETshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/26997/11/11_chapter 3.pdf · v/;k; r`rh; egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY; ijd f'k{kk vuqlkj

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egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY;ijd f’k{kk

v/;k; r`rh;

Å¡ ueks Hkxors oklqnsok;A

Å¡ ue% firkegk;A

Å¡ ue% ÁztkifrH;%A

Å¡ ue% —”.k}Sik;uk;A

Å¡ ue% loZfo?kfoukdsH;%

v/;k; r`rh; egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY; ijd f'k{kk

v/;k; r`rh;%

egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY; ijd f'k{kk%

fQYedkj ch-vkj-pksiM+k }kjk funsZf'kr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr dh 'kq:vkr lw=/kkj ds :i esa

^le;* djrk gSA lw=/kkj ^le;^/kkjkokfgd esa le;≤ ij tgka&tgka vko';d gqvk

mlus egkHkkjr dh ,d dgkuh dks nwljh dgkuh ls tksM+k ;k ,d ?kVuk ls nwljh lEcfU/kr

?kVuk dks tksM+kA lw=/kkj ^^le;** fofHkék ?kVukvksa dks tksM+rs gq, dgkuh dks bl çdkj vkxs

c<+krs gSa &

^êSa le; g¡w] vkSj ;g egkHkkjr dh vejdFkk lqukus tk jgk g¡wA ;g egkHkkjr dsoy

Hkjr oa'k dh dksbZ lh/kh lknh ;q¼ dFkk ugha gSA ;g dFkk gS Hkkjrh; laLÏfr ds

mrkj&p<+ko dh] ;g xkFkk gS lR; vkSj vlR; ds egk;q¼ dh] ;g xkFkk gS va/ksjs ls tw>us

okys mtkys dhA vkSj] ;g dFkk esjs flok dksbZ nwljk lquk ugha ldrk D;ksafd eSaus bl dFkk

dks bfrgkl dh rjg xqtjrs ns[kk gSA bldk gj ik= esjk ns[kk gqvk gSA bldh gj ?kVuk esjs

lkeus ?kVh gSA eSa gh nq;ksZ/ku g¡w eSa gh vtqZu g¡w] vkSj eSa gh dq:{ks=A D;ksafd egkHkkjr

curs&fcxM+rs fj'rkas vkSj fj'rkas ds vk/kkj vkSj thou lkxj dks eFk dj thou ds rRo

vkSj lR; dk ve`r dk<+us dh dgkuh Hkh gS vkSj ;g yM+kbZ gj ;qx esa vius&vius dq:{ks=

esa yM+uh iM+rh gSa D;ksafd gj ;qx esa lR; dks orZeku vlR; ls twa>uk iM+rk gS] vkSj tc

rd eSa g¡w ;g egk;q¼ pyrk jgsxk vkSj esjk dksbZ var ughaA eSa vUkUr g¡wA blfy, ;g

vko';d gS fd gj orZeku bl dgkuh dks lqus vksSj xquss] rkfd og Hkfo"; ds fy, rS;kj gks

ldsA ;s yM+kbZ yM+uk gj orZeku dk dÙkZO; gS vkSj gj orZeku ds Hkfo"; dh rdnhj gSA

blfy, eSa dHkh xq:] dHkh ek¡ vkSj dHkh ½f"k cudj u;h ih<+h dks bl dgkuh }kjk vius

bl egku egk;q¼ ds fy, rS;kj djrk jgrk g¡wA ;g dgkuh okLro eas ml fnu 'kq: ugha gqbZ

ftl fnu Jh Ï".k us vtqZu dks xhrk dk mins'k fn;k Fkk ;k ftl fnu ækSinh us nq;ksZ/ku

dk etkd mM+k;k FkkA ;g dgkuh bu ?kVukvksa ls Hkh igys nq";Ur vkSj 'kdqUryk ds iq=

pØorhZ egkjkt Hkjr dh fot;;k=k ls ykSVus ij gfLrukiqj jkt njckj esa 'kq: gksrh gSA

Hkjr dh cM+kbZ dsoy blesa ugha fd mlus gfLrukiqj jkT; dh lhek,a fgeky; ls

lkxj rd QSyk nh Fkh vkSj gekjk ;g egku ns'k mlh dk uke ysdj Hkkjr o"kZ dgyk;kA

---- 93 ----


egkjkt Hkjr dh cM+kbZ blesa Hkh gS fd mUgksaus vius jktnjckj dh feêh esa çtkra= dk

igyk cht Mkyk vkSj tUe vkSj deZ ds chp ,d js[kk Mkydj ;g dgk fd thou dk vFkZ

tUe ugha deZ gS D;ksafd dq:{ks= okLro esa /keZ{ks= gSA ;q¼ vkSj 'kkfUr ds chp vifjgk;Z

dkj.kksa dh leh{kk dj ekuo ek= dks fujkin thou thus dh f'k{kk ftlesa nh xbZ gS vkSj

vUrr% ;q¼ dh vis{kk 'kkfUr dks Lohdkj djus dk ekxZ ç'kLr fd;k x;k gSA **

bl dFku ds vkyksd esa ch-vkj- pkSiM+k dk nk'kZfud ifjiFk rS;kj gksrk gS tks

egkHkkjr dh ewy lkaLÏfrd psruk ls tqM+k gSA dFkkud dk lEcU/k ;q¼ vFkok 'kkfUr dh

xkFkk ij dsfUær ugha gSA ;g thou ds mu ewY;ksa vkSj fl¼kUrksa rFkk vkn'kks± dk mn~?kks"k gS

tks vkus okyh lH;rk dk LiÔ Hkfo"; js[kkafdr djrk gSA ;g bfrgkl ds ek/;e ls orZeku

dh leL;k igpkurk gS rFkk Hkfo"; ds çfr lUu/k vkSj lpsÔ djuk pkgrk gSA

'kks/kdrkZ us blh /kkj.kk ds lUnHkZ esa egkHkkjr dks ewY; çfriknu dh n`fÔ ls lQy

xzUFk ekuk gS vkSj mlesa fufgr fofo/k thou ewY;ksa ds 'kSf{kd lanHkZ dks ns[kk gSA mUgha ewY;ksa

dks vkxs la'ysf"kr ,oa Li"V #i ls foosfpr fd;k tk jgk gS &

3-1 vkn'kZ fir`Hkfä%

{kf=; oa'k dh ijEijk dk måe lw;Zoa'k vkSj paæoa'k ds dks[k ls gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA

blh ijEijk esa egkjkt nq";Ur vkSj 'kdqUryk ds iq= ds :i esa Hkjr uke ds ,d çrkih

jktk gq, ftuds uke ij Hkkjro"kZ tSls Hkw[k.M dh laKk fuf'pr gqbZA blh ijEijk esa 'kkUruq

,d pØorhZ lezkV gq, ftudks nsoozr tSlk iq= çkIr gqvk vkSj dkykUrj esa blh nsoozr dks

Hkh"e dgk tkus yxkA ;s egkHkkjr ds u dsoy egkuk;d Fks vfirq dkSjo ,oa ik.Mo nksuksa

oa'kksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk ,oa laj{k.k dk dk;Z Hkh bUgksaus gh fd;kA bUgsa iwjss egkHkkjr esa vf/kdka'k

firkeg 'kCn ls lacksf/kr fd;k x;kA Hkh"e us thou ds çkjEHk esa gh firk dh bPNk iw.kZ

djus ds fy, lalkj ds lkeus vykSfdd R;kx dk vkn'kZ LFkkfir fd;kA ftl jkT; ds fy;s

muls nks gh ih<+h ckn mUgha ds thoudky esa muds csVksa iksrksa esa Hkh"k.k lagkjdkjh egk;q¼

gqvk] mlh jkT; dks mUgksaus ckr&gh&ckr esa vius firk dh ,d ekewyh&lh bPNk ij lnk

ds fy;s r`.kor~ ifjR;kx dj ,d fojä egkRek&lk vkpj.k fd;kA vius firk jktf"kZ

'kkUruq dk dSorZjkt dh lqUnj dU;k ls fookg djokus ds fy, dU;k ds firk dh 'krZ ds

---- 94 ----


vuqlkj nsoozr us jkT; gd ifjR;kx dj vktUe czãp;Z ozr ikyu djus dh çfrKk dh

rHkh ls bUgsa Hkh"e dgk tkus yxk&

jkT;a rkor~ iwoZeso e;k R;äa ujkf/kik%A

viR;gsrksjfi p dfj";s·| fofuĵ;e~û95û

v|çHk`fr esa nk'k czãp;sZ Hkfo";frA

viq=L;kfi esa yksdk Hkfo";UR;{k;k fnfoû96û

rrks·Urfj{ks·Iljlks nsok% lf"kZx.kLrnkA

vH;o"kZUr dqlqeSHkhZ"eks·;fefr pkcqzou~û98û 1

bUgha 'yksdksa ds vk'k; dks egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ;g 'kCnkoyh nh xbZ&

dSorZjkt & (xaxkiq= ls) ------- ;fn vkidh lUrku us gfLrukiqj ij vf/kdkj dk ç'u

mBk;k rks mldk ifj.kke D;k gksxk xaxkiq=\

xaxkiq= & (dSorZjkt ls) & nk{kjkt] eSa xaxkiq= nsoozr pkjksa fn'kkvksa /kjrh vkSj vkdk'k

dks lk{kh ekudj vkt ;g çfrKk djrk gw¡ fd eSa vkthou czãpkjh jgw¡xk

thou Hkj fookg ugha d:axk oa'kghu thÅ¡xk vkSj oa'kghu gh e:¡xk ;g esjh

v[k.M çfrKk gSA 2

vius iq= }kjk bl egku Hkfä ls çHkkfor gksdj 'kkUruq us mUgsa bPNk e`R;q dk ojnku fn;k

FkkA Hkh"e us bl ojnku dks vius ijkØe ls dHkh ugha tksM+kA ;g muds czãp;Z dk çrhd

FkkA

u rs e`R;q% çHkfork ;koTthforqfePNflA

RoÙkks áuqKka lEçkI; e`R;q% çHkforku?kû103û 3

dFkkud esa ,slk vkrk gS fd Hkh"e us vius firk ls dgk &

xaxkiq= & ('kkUruq ls) vki fcuk dkj.k gh fgpfdpk jgs Fks firk egkjktA vkidks esjh

vksj ls ;s opu nsus dk iwjk vf/kdkj Fkk fd ekrk lR;orh dk T;s× iq= gh

jkt djsxkA

'kkUruq & ijUrq iq=A 1. egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ] v/;k; 100A 95&96]98 xhrk çsl xksj[kiqj 2. ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 3 3 . egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ v/;k; 100A 103

---- 95 ----


Xakxkiq= & ('kkUruq ls) eSa gfLrukiqj ds jkt flagklu dk ugha vkidk iq= gw¡A vkids lq[k

dk [k;ky djuk esjk dÙkZO; gS vkSj blfy, bl dÙkZO; dk ikyu djus ds

fy, eSusa vkthou czãp;Z dh çfrKk dj yhA

'kkUruq & (xaxkiq= ls) ugha] ugha bruh Hkh"k.k] bruh Hk;adj çfrKk ughaA nsoozr ughaA

xaxkiq= & ('kkUruq ls) Hkwy tkb;s] firk egkjkt!

'kkUruq & (xaxkiq= ls) dSls Hkwy tkÅ¡ iq=! dSls Hkwy tkÅ¡ fd rqeus esjs vkuUn ds fy,

vius thou ds lkjs lq[kksa dk R;kx dj fn;kA------------------------

'kkUruq & (xaxkiq= ls) rqeus rks eq>s vkokd~ dj fn;k iq= vc blds vkxs eSa D;k dgw¡

iq=! 'kkUruq rqEgsa ;g ojnku nsrk gS fd tc rd rqe Lo;a bPNk u djks e`R;q

yksd dks ugha R;kxksxsA iq= Hkh"e rqEgkjk uke lnk vej jgsxkA rqe tc rd

pkgksxs thvksxs vkSj e`R;q rqEgkjh bPNk ds fcuk rqEgkjs ikl ugha vk;sxhA 4

;|fi ,d egku ;ks¼k] ;q¼ dyk fo'kkjn rFkk vejRo dk ojnku çkIr Hkh"e dkSjo

lsuk dk usr`Ro fd;k fdUrq viuh çfrKkvksa ds dkj.k mUgsa ykSfdd Ny] Nù] }s"k] ik[k.M]

/kwrZrk] vU;k;] vR;kpkj dk f'kdkj cuuk iM+kA pawfd os gfLrukiqj dh jktxíh vkSj jktk

dh lqj{kk dk ozr fy, gq, Fks vr% nq;ksZ/ku }kjk fd, tk jgs v/keZ ,oa vU;k; dk fojks/k os

ugha dj ldsA ;gh mudh ijkt; vkSj ijkHko dk dkj.k cukA egkHkkjr ds bl egku ik=

dks lEiw.kZ /kkjkokfgd ds dsUæ esa j[kk x;kA eqds'k [kUuk }kjk vfHkuhr Hkh"e dh Hkwfedk

laiw.kZ /kkjkokfgd ds vkd"kZ.k dk dsUæ gSA ftl çdkj Hkh"e dh fir`Hkfä çfl¼ gS mlh

çdkj ;qf/kf×j Hkh /k`rjkÔª ds çfr fir`Hkfä j[krs gSa&

|wr dks cqjk le>rs gq, Hkh vius T;s× firk /k`rjkÔª dh bPNk dks vkKk ekudj

;qf/kf×j |wr fØM+k dk fueU=.k Lohdkj fd;kA

ukga jkKks /k`rjkÔªL; 'kkluk&

ék xUrqfePNkfe dos nqjksnje~A

bÔks fg iq=L; firk lnSo

rnfLe drkZ fonqjkRFk eka ;Fkkû14û

4 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 3

---- 96 ----


u pkdke% 'kdqfuuk nsforkga

upsUeka ft".kqjkàf;rk lHkk;ke~A

vkgwrks·ga u fuorsZ dnkfpr~

rnkfgra 'kk‚ra oS ozra esû16û 5

bl lanHkZ esa /k`rjkÔª ,oa ;qf/kf×j ds dFkksidFku dk Hkko nsf[k,&

/k`rjkÔª& (;qf/kf×j ls) rks D;k rqe bl nko ds fy, LohÏfr nsrs gks iq=A

;qf/kf×j& (/k`rjkÔª ls) ;fn ;g vkidk vkns'k gS rks esjh LohÏfr dk dksbZ ç'u ugha

mBrkA vkidh vkKk dk ikyu gksxk] T;s× firkJh! 6

os |wr ØhM+k esa nq;ksZ/ku ds ekek 'kdqfu dh diV Hkjh pkyksa ls viuk loZLo gkj x;sA ;gk¡

rd fd viuh iRuh ækSinh dks Hkh nkao ij yxk fn;k vkSj diV iw.kZ pkyksa dk f'kdkj gks

x,A ækSinh ds dgus ls /k`rjkÔª us ik.Moksa dk lkjk /ku vkSj jkT; ykSVk;k vkSj mUgsa okil

bUæçLFk HkstkA nq;ksZ/ku dks ;g lgu ugha gqvkA D;ksafd mlesa firk ds çfr lEeku dk Hkko

ugha Fkk] og vgadkj ls ;qä jktdqekj FkkA mlus /k`rjkÔª dks le>k&cq>kdj bl ckr ds

fy;s iqu% jkth dj fy;k fd ik.Moksa dks nwr Hkstdj fQj ls cqyk;k tk; vkSj muls

ouokl dh 'krZ ij iqu% |wr [ksyus gsrq ck/; fd;k tk;A ;qf/kf×j |wr dk nq"ifj.kke ,d

ckj ns[k pqds Fks rFkk dkSjoksa dh uh;r dk Hkh irk py x;k FkkA fQj Hkh vius T;s× firk

dh vkKk dks os Vky ugha ldss vkSj chp jkLrs ls gh ykSV vk;sA 7 ;g fooj.k egkHkkjr esa

lHkk ioZ esa v/;k; 74 ds 'yksd la[;k 17ls 27 rd cM+s gh jkspd <+x ls fn;k x;k gSA

okil vkdj ;qf/kf×j us dgk&

;qf/kf×j& (/k`rjkÔª ls) vkids vk'khokZn dh Nk;k gesa lnSo gh nq[kksa dh /kwi ls lqjf{kr

j[krh gS T;s× firkJhA esjs fy, D;k vkKk gSA

/k`rjkÔª& (;qf/kf×j ls) tks vkKk eSa nsus tk jgk gwa iq= mls nsdj Lo;a eS Hkh çlUu ugha

gwaA --------- esjk iq= nq;ksZ/ku rqe yksxksa ls fey tkus ;k rqEgsa vius esa feykus dks

rS;kj ugha gS blfy, og rqels ,d nkao vkSj [ksyuk pkgrk gSA nkao ij gS 12

5 . egkHkkjr] |wr ioZ v-58A 14] 16 6 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 49 7 . egkHkkjr ]|wr ioZ v-74A 24&27

---- 97 ----


o"kZ dk ouokl vkSj 13 osa o"kZ dk vKkrokl ;fn rqe thrs rks nq;ksZ/ku dks 12

o"kZ dk ouokl vkSj 13 o"kZ dk vKkrokl Lohdkj djuk gksxk] vkSj ;fn og

thrk rks ;gh rqEgsa Lohdkj djuk gksxkA 8

T;s× firk dh vkKk ikyu Lo:i /keZ ds fuokZg ds fy;s mUgksssaus lc dqN pqipki lg

fy;kA ;g fir` Hkfä dk vkn'kZ gSA lkjh nqfu;k¡ ds lkeus bu vkn'kksZa dks Lohdkj djus

okyh vk;Z larkusa dkykUrj esa |wr dk;Z tSls ?k`f.kr [ksy dks NksMus dk fu.kZ; ysrh jgh gaSA

bldh loZ= fuank dh tkrh jghA bl egkdkO; ls bl çdkj ds ewY;ksa dks vkRelkr fd;k

tk ldrk gSA

egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa Ï".k vkSj Hkh"e nks ,sls pfj= gSa ftuds vklikl lkjk

dFkkud ?kwerk gSA Hkh"e ,d egku ;ks¼k gksus ds lkFk&lkFk egku firkeg Hkh gSaA mUgkasus

firk dh bPNk vkSj lq[k ds fy, vkthou czãpkjh jg dj jkT; dh j{kk dk ozr fy;k FkkA

;g egkHkkjr dh gh ugha vfirq Hkkjrh; laLÏfr dh ,slh felky cuh ftldk fodYi vHkh

Hkh çkIr ugha gqvkA vkt dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk ,sls fir` HkDr vkn'kZ ckydksa dh xkFkkvksa dks

egRo u nsdj dkYifud dgkfu;ksa esa my>k nsrh gSA ;fn ckydksa ds lkeus Hkh"e tSls pfj=

dks j[kk tk, vkSj muesa ifo= laLdkj fn;s tk,a rks fQj bl /kjrh ij egkiq#"kksa dk

vorj.k gksus yxsxkA egkjkt ;qf/kf×j Hkh /k`rjkÔª ds vkns'k dks firk dk vkns'k ekudj lc

dqN djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gaS tks U;k;ksfpr u gksus ij firk dh bPNk vkSj vkn'kks± ds

vuqdwy FkkA

3-2 n`<+ çfrKk ikyu%

n`<+çfrKrk%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & n`<+ladYirk] n`<+fu'p;rk] vVyrk] fLFkjrk] n`<+orA

Synonyms – Resoluteness, Staunchness, steadfasteness, Unwavering, Determination. 9

dFkkud ds vk/kkj ij egkHkkjr esa ;g o.kZu vkrk gS fd fofp=kÂn o fofp=oh;Z

nksuksa ds dksbZ lUrku u Fkh] vkSj Hkh"e vfookfgr jgus dk ozr ys pqds Fks Qyr% dq:oa'k ds

mPNsn dk ladV mifLFkr gks x;kA Hkh"e pkgrs rks vklkuh ls jkT; ij vf/kdkj dj ldrs

8 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 49 9 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] Lo:i ,.M lUt] u;h fnYyh](2005)] f}rh; [k.M] i`- 827

---- 98 ----


FksA çtk muds vuqdwy Fkh ghA oa'k j{kk ds fy;s fookg djus esa vc muds lkeus dksbZ

vM+pu ugha Fkh] ijUrq cM+s&ls&cM+k çyksHku rFkk vko';drk Hkh Hkh"e dks vius opu ls

fMxk ugha ldrh FkhA lR;orh ds firk ls dh gqbZ çfrKk dks nqgjkrs gq, mUgksssaus dgk Fkk&fd

os f=yksd dk jkT;] czãk dk in vkSj bu nksuksa ls vf/kd eks{k dk Hkh ifjR;kx dj ldrs

gSa ij lR; dk R;kx ugha dj ldrsA egkHkkjr esa ,slk mYys[k gS &

,oeqDrk rq iq=s.k Hkwfjæfo.krstlkA)

Ekkrk lR;orh Hkh"eeookp rnuUrje~û19û

tkukfe es fLFkfra lR;s ijka lR;ijkØeA

bPNu~ l`tsFkkL=haËksdkuU;kaLRoa Losu rstlkû20û

tkukfe pSoa lR;a rUenFksZ ;ĵ Hkkf"kre~A

vki¼e± Roekos{; og iSrkegha /kqje~û21û 10

blh çlax dks /kkjkokfgd esa ch-vkj- pksiMk us bl çdkj le>k;k gS&

lR;orh& (Hkh"e ls) ^^rqeus dq:oa'k dh lsok vkSj lqj{kk dk opu fn;k Fkk u firk

egkjkt dks\**

Hkh"e & (lR;orh ls) ^^gkaA**

lR;orh& (Hkh"e ls) ^^rks ml opu dh vko';drk ds fy, dq:oa'k dh vko'drk gksxhA

dq: oa'kghu gksxk rks lsok fdldh djksxsA fp=kxan vkSj fofp=oh;Z ds fu/ku

ds ckn dq:vksa ds oa'k dk jkLrk gh can gks x;k gS vkSj vc ;g jkLrk dsoy

rqe gh [kksy ldrs gksA ,d vksj rqEgkjh çrhKk gS nwljh vksj rqEgkjk opu

fuĵp; rqEgsa djuk gSA**

Hkh"e & (lR;orh ls) eSa le>k ugha ekrs!

lR;orh& (Hkh"e ls) ^îjEijkuqlkj vkt rqEgkjk ;g dÙkO;Z gS fd vfEcdk vkSj

vEckfydk ls fookg djds dq:vksa dh oa'k js[kk dks vkxs c<+kvks vkSj rqEgkjh

eka gksus ds ukrs vc ;g esjk vkns'k Hkh gSA**

Hkh"e & (lR;orh ls) ^^vkidh vkKk dk ikyu djuk esjk /keZ gS ekrs] ijUrq

çfrKkc¼ gksus ds ukrs eSa foo'k gw¡A** 11

10 . egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ v-103A 19&21 11 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 6

---- 99 ----


egkHkkjr esa bl lanHkZ dk mYys[k djrs gq, eg£"k O;kl th us dgk Fkk& ikapksa Hkwr

vius&vius xq.kksa dks R;kx nas] pUæek viuh 'khryrk NksM+ nsa vkSj rks vkSj Lo;a /keZjkt

Hkys gh viuk /keZ NksM+ nsa] ijUrq os (Hkh"e) viuh lR; çfrKk NksM+us dk fopkj Hkh ugha dj

ldrsA

jkT;kFksZ ukfHkf"kaĳ s;a uksis;ka tkrq eSFkque~A

RoeiR;a çfr p es çfrKka osRFk oS ijke~û13û

Tkukfl p ;Fkko`ra 'kqYdgsrksLRonUrjsA

l lR;ofr lR;a rs çfrtkukE;ga iqu%û14û

ifjR;ts;a =SyksD;a jkT;a nsos"kq ok iqu%A

;n~ okI;f/kdesrkH;ka u rq lR;a dFkapuû15û 12

Hkh"e dh ;g çfrKk bl ckr dk lUns'k nsrh gS fd gesa vius thou esa mPpkn'kks±]

viuh çfrKk dks loksZPp Lfkku fn;k tkuk pkfg, pkgs dksbZ fdruk gh cM+k /keZ ladV D;wa u

mifLFkr gks tk,Apkgs blds fy, vius ls cM+ksa ds funsZ'kksa dh ikyuk ls Hkh llEeku bUdkj

djuk iM+s ;gk¡ rd fd oa'k ijEijk ds fuoZgu dk ç'u gh D;wa [kM+k u gks tk,A

Hkh"e ds vfrfjä t;æFk o/k gsrq vtqZu dh çfrKk] nq%'kklu ds o/k esa Hkhe dh

çfrKk] Lo;a vius vieku dk cnyk ysus esa ækSinh dh çfrKk] lR; vkSj /keZ dh j{kk esa

;qf/k×j dh çfrKk ;gka rd fd Lo;a Ï".k }kjk ik.Moksa dh j{kk dk ozr] d.kZ dh nku'khyrk

dk ozr vkfn vusd çlax gS tks egkHkkjr ds dFkkud esa fufgr çfrKkc¼ thou uhfr ds

lk{kkr n`ÔkUr gSaA nqHkkZX; ls vkt ge oSf'od dwVuhfr dk f'kdkj gksrs tk jgs gaS vkSj n`<+

çfrKk ;k ozr tSls vkn'kks± dks rqPN LokFkZo'k utjankt djrs tk jgs gSaA çfrKk ;k ozr dk

gh ifjekftZr :i 'kiFk vkSj ?kks"k.kk gS tks U;k;ky; ls ysdj lkekU; ifjokj rd bl

dnj vius vuqdwy cnyh tkrh gS fd ^'kiFk*] ^?kks"k.kk* vkfn 'kCn gh vFkZghu gks x, gSa

vkSj ;gh gekjs /keZ ;k laLÏfr ds çfr fucZy ekufldrk dk dkj.k curk tk jgk gSA

Hkh"e] çfrKk ls ca/ks gq, jktlÙkk ds j{kd gSaA mudh çfrKk dk vk/kkj lR; vkSj

/keZ dh lqj{kk djuk gS vkSj vUr rd bl Hkko dks U;k;iwoZd fuHkkrs jgsA vkt Hkh Hkh"e

12 . egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ v-103A 13&15

---- 100 ----


çfrKk eqgkojs ds :Ik esa ç;ksx gksrh gSA ftldk nwljk dksbZ mnkgj.k ugha feyrkA f'k{kk esa

lR; /keZ vkSj U;k; ij pyus dk ekxZ ;fn fo|k£Fk;ksa ds lkeus ckj&ckj mnkgj.kksa lfgr

lq>k;k tk, rks f'k{kk dk mís'; iwjk gks ldrk gSA vkt dh f'k{kk LokFkZ vkSj jksth jksVh dh

lhek esa ca/k xbZ gSA blfy, ;qf/k×j vkSj Hkh"e tSls ik=ksa ds dk;ks± dks u dsoy ge Hkqyk jgs

gSa cfYd vçklafxd rdZ&dqrdks± ls mudk migkl djus ls Hkh ugha pwdrsA

3-3 lR; çfrKk vkSj ohjrk dh ijkdk×k%

lR;%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & ;FkkFkZ] okLrfodrk] lPp] lPpkbZ] rF;] vforFkA

Synonyms – Truth, Reality, Genuineness, Virtuousness, Truthfulness. 13

ohjrk%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & tok¡ enhZ] tk¡ckth] thoV] rst] fnykojh] fnysjh] ijkØe]

ikS:"k] çrki ;qä] cgknqjh] ejnkuxh] foØe] 'kfäeÙkk] 'kwjrk] 'kkS;Z] lwjekiuA

Synonyms – Bravery, Heroism, Valour, Gallautany, Courage, Fortitude.14

egkHkkjr esa ,slk çlax gS fd&dk'khjkt dh iq=h vEck] 'kY; dks viuk ifr eku

pqdh Fkh ij mlds vLohdkj djus ij mlus ifjfLFkfro'k Hkh"e ls 'kknh djuk pkgkA

ij'kqjke us Hkh"e dks dq:{ks= esa cqykdj vEck ls fof/kiwoZd ikf.kxzg.k djus dks dgkA Hkh"e

us mudh ckr Lohdkj ugha djrs gq, dgk fd *ml dU;k us gh muls dgk Fkk fd og 'kY;

dh gks pqdh Fkh blfy, os mls Lohdkj ugha dj ldrs &

foHkzaf'krk Ro;k gh;a /kekZnkLrs ;'kfLouhA

ijke`Ôka Ro;k gheka dks fg xUrqfegkgZfr û 29û

çR;k[;krk fg'kkYosuRok··uhrsfr HkkjrA

rLekfneka efék;ksxkr~ çfrx`÷h"o Hkkjrû30û

Lo/keZs iq:"kO;k?kz jktiq=h yHkfRo;e~A

u ;qäLRooekuks·;a jkKka drq± Ro;ku?kû31û

rrLra oS foeuleqnh{;kgeFkkczqoe~A

ukgesuka iquæ|ka czãu~ Hkzk=s dFkapuû32û

'kkYoL;kgfefr çkg iqjk ekeso HkkxZoA

13 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la- 1922&1923 14 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] prqFkZ [k.M] i`"B la- 1726

---- 101 ----


e;k pSokH;uqKkrk xrs;a uxja çfrû33û 15

ch-vkj- pksiM+k us bls LiÔ djrs gq, /kkjkofgd esa fpf=r fd;k gS&

Hkh"e & (ij'kqjke ls) Hkxou~A vc rks eSa mls vius HkkbZ ds lkFk Hkh ugha C;kg ldrk

D;ksafd Lo;a vEck us eq>ls dgk fd oks rks 'kkYojkt dh gks pqdh gS vkSj eSa

mls vknj ds lkFk 'kkYojkt ds ikl Hkstdj vius {kf=; /keZ dk ikyu dj

pqdk gwaA 16

ftldk nwljs iq:"k ij çse gS] mls dksbZ /kkfeZd iq:"k dSls j[k ldrk gS \* ;g

lqudj ij'kqjke uss Hkh"e dks ;q¼ ds fy;s yydkjkA Hkh"e us mudh pqukSrh Lohdkj dj yhA

bls egkHkkjr ds m|ksx ioZ ds vEcksik[;ku ioZ ds v/;k; 178 ds 'yksd 45 ls 49 esa

ns[kk tk ldrk gSA /kkjkokfgd esa ch- vkj- pksiM+k us bls thoUr Hkk"kk nsdj dFkkud dks

vkxs c<+k;k gS &

ij'kqjke& (Hkh"e ls) tc rqEgsa fookg ugha djuk Fkk rks rqeus dk'kh dh jktdqekjhvEck

dk gj.k D;ksa fd;k\ vkSj tc gj.k dj gh fy;k rks mlds fdl vijk/k ij

rqeus mls R;kx fn;kA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd og vdsyh vkSj vlgk;

jg xbZA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd 'kkYo ujs'k us mls vLohdkj dj fn;kA vr%

vfXu dks lk{kh ekudj rqe mls xzg.k djks vkSj vius {kf=; /keZ dk ikyu

djksA

Hkh"e & (ij'kqjke ls) Hkxou~A vc rks eSa mls vius HkkbZ ds lkFk Hkh ugha C;kg ldrk

D;ksafd Lo;a vEck us eq>ls dgk fd og rks 'kkYojkt dh gks pqdh gS vkSj eSa

mls vknj ds lkFk 'kkYojkt ds ikl Hkstdj vius {kf=; /keZ dk ikyu dj

pqdk gwaA

ij'kqjke& (Hkh"e ls) gs xaxk iq= nsoozrA ;fn rqeus gekjh vkKk dk ikyu ugha fd;k rks

rqEgsa gels ;q¼ djuk gksxkA

15 . egkHkkjr] m|ksx ioZ ]vEcksik[;ku ioZ ] v-175A 5&6 16 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 70

---- 102 ----


Hkh"e & (ij'kqjke ls) eSa vkidks le>kus dk ç;Ru djds f'k"; dh e;kZnk dk mYya?ku

ugha djuk pkgrkA

Ikj'kqjke& (Hkh"e ls) gs xaxkiq= rqe bl e;kZnk dk Hkh mYy?kau djds ns[k yksA

Hkh"e & (ij'kqjke ls) gs Hkxou~ vki esjs xq: gSaA vki vius f'k"; ds lkFk D;w¡ ;q¼

djuk pkgrs gSa\

ij'kqjke& (Hkh"e ls) f'k"; dks mldh vlH;rk ij dBksj n.M nsuk xq: dk ije drO;Z

gSA nsoozr eSa fQj dgrk gwa] vEck dks xzg.k dj yksA

Hkh"e & (ij'kqjke ls) gs czãf"kZ! ;g rks laHko gh ugha vkSj vkius ;q¼ dk vkns'k ns gh

fn;k gS rks vkidk ;g f'k"; vkidh vkKk dk ikyu vo'; djsxkA 17

xq:&f'k"; esa rsbZl fnuksa rd Hk;adj ;q¼ gksrk jgk ijUrq fdlh us Hkh gkj ugha

ekuhA vUr esa nsorkvksa rFkk eqfu;ksa dks chp cpko dj ;q¼ cUn djkuk iM+kA egkHkkjr dk

;g çlax ml Hkkjrh; laLÏfr ,oa /keZ ds laj{k.k gsrq ,d {kf=;ksfpr deZ dk ladsr djrk

gS tks xq: ,oa f'k"; ds ifo= laca/kksa ls vkxs c<+ pyk gSA ;g n'kZu gS] thou n`fÔ gS] /keZ

dh ml fnO;rk dh ehekalk gS] tgka ekuoh; laca/kksa dks dksbZ egRo ugha fn;k tk ldrk ;fn

ogk¡ /keZ] laLÏfr ;k e;kZnk dk vfrØe.k gksrk gSA /k`rjkÔª vkSj nq;ksZ/ku ds chp blh laca/k

us egkHkkjr dh uhao j[kh] mls jksdk ugha tk ldkA

lR; vkSj ohjrk ds :Ik esa egkHkkjr ds vusd ik= gekjs lkeus gSaA Hkh"e] æks.kkpk;Z]

Ïikpk;Z] vtZqu] Ï".k ;gka rd fd nq;ksZ/ku mlh Js.kh esa vkrk gS fdUrq vgadkj ds dkj.k

mldh ohjrk dk dksbZ ewY; ugha gksrk gSA buds vykok d.kZ] Hkhe] cyjke vkfn vusd ik=

Hkh egkHkkjr esa ohjrk ds çfrfuf/k gaSA vkt dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa ,slk dksbZ çko/kku ugha gS

tks fo|k£Fk;ksa dks ohjksfpr /keZ ;k ekxZ fl[kk, vkSj u gh fo|kFkhZ lh[kuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn

mUgsa volj feyrk gS rks vuq'kklughurk vkSj mn~.Mrk dk c<+ p<+ dj çn'kZu djrs gaSA


---- 103 ----


3-4 lR;fu×k%

lR;fu×k%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & ln~o`fÙk] lno`Ùkrk] ijksidkfjrk] vuq¼rrkA

Synonyms – Truthfulness, Righteousness, Good nature, Benevolence, Kindness,

Benignity. 18

oLrqr% egkHkkjr ,d ;q¼ egkdkO; gS ftlesa nksukas i{kksa esa lR; dks vius vius <ax

ls le>k x;k gS] ysfdu ik.Mo i{k dk usr`Ro djus okys JhÏ".k Lo;a lR; vkSj /keZ ds

çfrfuf/k cudj j.k{ks= esa mrjs gSa blfy, mudh rqyuk esa lR;fu×k dk /otokgd cuus

okys 'ks"k lHkh O;fä muds lkeus ckSus fl¼ gks tkrs gSaA Hkh"e] ækSinh] Hkhe vkfn dh çfrKk

dk mís'; lR; lja{k.k gSA t;æFk] vfHkeU;q ] æks.kkpk;Z] ;gk¡a rd fd Hkh"e dh e`R;q Hkh

fdlh u fdlh lR; ds lkFk ifjHkkf"kr gSA xkU/kkjh&dqUrh vkfn ds nq%[kksa vkSj ihM+k dk Hkh

,d lR; gSA fonqj uhfr vkSj 'kdquh ds iklksa esa Hkh lR; dk ,d :i ifjHkkf"kr gSA dguk u

gksxk fd egkHkkjr esa nks lR; gSaA ,d lR; tM+ gS & ftldk çfrfuf/kRo Hkh"e dj jgs gSa]

tks çfrKk ds lkFk tqM+k gS] ftlds ifj.kkeksa dh dksbZ fpUrk ughaA nwljk lR; pSrU; gS

ftldk laogu Ï".k dj jgs gSa tks ifj.kke vkSj Hkfo"; dh laHkkouk ij vk/kkfjr gSA Hkh"e

tM+ lR; ds laj{k.k esa çfrKk ugha NksM+ ldrsA Ï".k pSrU; lR; dk laj{k.k djrs gSa]

çfrKk Hkys NksM+uh iMs+] ;gh ewY; laj{k.k gSA

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr esa lR; ,d }U} cudj jgk tkrk gS ftls rksM+us ds fy, dkSjo

vkSj ik.Mo laxzke Hkh dj ysrs gaS ijUrq okLrfod lR; Ï".k ds pfj= }kjk gh ifjyf{kr

gksrk gSA nq;kZX; ls vkt dh f'k{kk egkHkkjr vkSj Ï".k dks dkYifud rFkk feFkdh; n`ÔkUr

eku jgh gS blfy, buesa fufgr ewY;ksa dks dksbZ LFkku ugha feyk ik jgk gS fQj lR; dk

çf'k{k.k nsus ds fy, dSls miknku rS;kj gks ldrs gSa\

3-5 ijkØe%

ijkØe%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & ijkØe tSlk gh 'kCn foØe gS] tks 'kfä dk lwpd rks gS gh]

fdUrq ijkØe dk foykse gS] fdUrq bl vFkZ esa ;g de gh ç;qä gksrk gSA Øe 'kCn fdlh

,d:irk ;k O;oLFkk dk lwpd gS vkSj Øe'k% yxkrkj dkA ijkØeh 'kCn ijkØe ls ;qä

18 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la-1927&1928

---- 104 ----


O;fä ds fy, ç;qä fd;k tkrk gS & vFkkZr 'kfä'kkyh 'kwjohj ds fy,A vkØe.k 'kCn esa

Øe /kkrq dk vlyh vFkZ fufgr gS ;kuh vkxs c<+dj geyk djukA 'kwjohj lnSo vkxs c<+rk

gSA ihB fn[kkuk mlds fy, yTtk dh ckr gSA

lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & 'kkS;Z] 'kwjrk] ohjrk] foØeA

Synonyms – Valour, Valiance, Gallantry, Daring, Bravery, Prowess,

Courageousness.19

'kkS;Z%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & 'kkS;Z ds lekukFkhZ vU; 'kCn gSa & 'kkS;Zozr] 'kkS;Zlkxj vkSj

'kkS;ksZUeknhA ftl ladYi vFkok /;s; dks ysdj 'kkS;Z çLrqqr fd;k tkrk gSa] og

'kkS;Zozr gSA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & cgknqjh] ohjrk] ijkØe] 'kwjrk] fnysjh] 'kfä] rkdr] lkeF;ZA

Synonyms – Valour, Bravery, Heroism, Prowess, Might.20

dk'kh ujs'k dh rhuksa dU;kvksa dks Lo;aoj ds le; Hkh"e us vdsys gh ogk¡ ,d= lHkh

jktkvksa dks ijkLr dj vius Hkkb;ksa ds fy;s gfLrukiqj ys vk,A bl jkspd çlax esa

egkHkkjr dk mYys[k nzÔO; gS&

oh;Z'kqYdkĵ rk KkRok lekjksI; jFka rn~kA

vokspa ikfFkZoku~ lokZuga r= lekxrku~A

Hkh"e% 'kkUruo% dU;k gjrhfr iqu% iqu%û14û

rs ;r/oa ija 'kDR;k losZ eks{kk; ikfFkZok%A

çlá fg gjkE;s"k fer"kka oks uj"kZHkk%û15û

rr vknk; rk% dU;k uìrhaĵ fol`T; rku~û21û)

vFkkga gkfLruiqjek;ka ftRok eghf{kr%û22û 21

dFkkud esa ,slk fooj.k fn;k x;k gS fd& ;q¼ ds vBkjg esaa ls nl fnukas rd vdsys Hkh"e

gh dkSjoksa ds lsukuk;d jgs vkSj bl chp mUgksaus ik.Mo i{k dh cgqr&lh lsuk dk lagkj

dj MkykA o`¼ gksrs gq, Hkh ;q¼ esaa bUgksaus ,slk vÚHkqr ijkØe fn[kk;k fd ;q¼ esa 'kó u

19 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 1035&1036 20 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] prqFkZ [k.M] i`"B la- 1818 21 . egkHkkjr] m|ksx ioZ ] vEcksik[;ku ioZ ] v-102A 18]22&38

---- 105 ----


mBkuss dh çfrKk gksrs gq, Hkh nks ckj Lo;a JhÏ".k dks vtqZu dh j{kk ds fy;s buds eqdkcys

esaa [kM+k gksuk iM+kA

u es jFkh lkRor dkSjok.ka

dq¼ĵeqP;sr j.ks·| dfĵr~A

rLeknga x`á jFkkÂeqxza

çk.ka gfj";kfe egkozrL;û85û

fugR; Hkh"ea lx.ka rFkk··tkS

æks.ka p 'kSus; jFkçohjkSA

çhfra dfj";kfe /kuat;L;

jkKĵ HkheL; rFkkfĵuksĵû86û

fugR; lokZu~ /k`rjkÔªiq=ka&

LrRif{k.kks ;s p ujsUæeq[;k%A

jkT;su jktkuetkr'k=qa

lEiknf;";kE;ge| âÔ%û87û 22

egkHkkjr ds mä lanUHkZ dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl /kkjkokfgd ds funs'kd ch- vkj-

pkSiM+k us Ï".k dh Hkkouk dks bu 'kCnksa esa O;ä fd;k tks Hkkx 77 esa çn£'kr fd;k x;k gS%

Ï".k & (Øksf/kr gksrs gq, vtZqu ls) vtqZu yxrk gS rqe bl ;q¼ dks gkj tkus dk

fu.kZ; ys pqds gksA eSa rqels ckj&ckj ;gh dj jgk gwa fd ;g tks lkeus [kM+s gSa

buesa vius firkeg dks u ns[kksA buesa vius 'k=q dks ns[kksA bl /keZ;q¼ esa tks

Hkh v/keZ ds i{k esa ;q¼ dj jgk gS og rqEgkjk 'k=q gS_ og ekuo lekt dk

'k=q gS] og esjk 'k=q gSA tkurs gks vdsys xaxk iq= us rqEgkjs fdrus ;ks¼kvksa]

fdrus jfFk;ksa] fdrus egkjfFk;ksa dk o/k dj fn;k gSA rqe ohj xfr çkIr gksus

okys mu lkjs lsukfu;ksa ds ½.kh gks dqUrh iq= vtqZuA rqe muds ½.kh gks vkSj

;fn xaxkiq= dk o/k djds og ½.k rqe ugha mrkjksxs rks mudk o/k djds og

½.k eSa mrk:xk¡ (vkSj ;s dgrs gq, Ï".k us vius gkFk dh vaxwyh [kM+h dh

22 . egkHkkjr] Hkh"e ioZ ] v-51A 85&87

---- 106 ----


vkSj mlesa lqn'kZu pØ vk x;kA) nwljh vksj Ï".k dk ;g :i ns[kdj

firkeg us viuk /kuq"k j[k fn;k vkSj dgk &

Hkh"e & (Ï".k ls gkFk tksM+rs gq,) rqEgkjk Lokxr gS oklqnso] Lokxr gSA eq>s eqfä

fnykus ds fy, rqeus Lo;a viuh çfrKk rksM+ nhA gs xksfoUn Lo;a eq>s ekjus

vkdj rqeus rhuksa yksdksa essa esjk xkSjo c<+k fn;k gSA ns[kks eSusa viuk /kuq"k Hkh

j[k fn;k gS vkSj ck.k Hkh j[k fn;s gSa A ;¼LFky esa vkids gkFkksa ekjs tkus ls

esjk rhuksa yksdksa esa dY;k.k gh gksxkA gs fxj/kjA lqn'kZu pØ dks viuk nwr

cukdj esjh eqfä dk lUns'k HkstksA eqfä dk lUns'k HkstksA blh ifjçs{k esa

vtqZu us dgk&

vtqZu & (Ï".k ds ikao idM+rs gq,) ds'ko] ds'ko] ds'ko ugha ds'ko eq>s {kek dhft,]

{kek dhft,A çHkq {kek dhft,A gs fxj/kj xksiky vki opuc¼ gSa fd vki

bl ;¼ esa 'kL= ugha mBk;saxsA ;fn vkius 'kL= mBk fy;k rks vkidk ;g

fe=] vkidk ;g l[kk] vkidk ;g Hkä bfrgkl dks eqag fn[kkus ;ksX; ugha

jgsxkA ds'ko bfrgkl esa eqag fn[kkus ;ksX; ugha jgsxkA gs Ïikyq eq>s bl dayd

ls cpk fyft,A eSa opu nsrk gwa fd vc esjs ck.k fdlh dks ç.kke ugha djsaxs

ds'ko fdlh dks ughaA 23

blds vfrfjä ohjrk ds vusd n`ÔkUr egkHkkjr esa gSa& ækSinh ds Lo;aoj esa æqin

uxjh dh vksj tkrs le; ik.Moksa dh xU/koksZa ls eqBHksM+ gks x;hA vtqZu us xU/koksZ ds NDds

NqM+k fn;s vkSj muds jktk vMaxji.kZ (fp=jFk) dks idM+ fy;kA vUr esa nksuksa esa fe=rk gks

x;hA ;g egkHkkjr ds vxzkafdr 'yksdksa esa fn;k x;k gS &

fojFka foIyqra ra rq l xU/kosZ egkcy%A

vL=rst% çew<a p çirUreokM-~eq[ke~û32û

f'kjks:gs"kq txzkg ekY;oRlq /kuat;%A

Hkzkrù~ çfr pd"kkZFk lks·L=ikrknpsrle~û33û


---- 107 ----


lkf/oea yC/kok¡kËHka ;ks·ga fnO;kL=/kkfj.ke~A

xkU/kO;kZ ek;;sPNkfe la;kstf;rqetZque~û39û 24

,sls vusd çlax egkHkkjr esa gSa ftudk foLr`r o.kZu visf{kr ugha gSa tSls& ækSinh ds

Lo;aoj esa nq;ksZ/ku] 'kkYo] tjkla?k ,oa 'kY; vkfn lHkh vlQy jgssA vtqZu us yksxksa ds

ns[krs&ns[krs y{; dks Hkh os/k fn;kA ml le; vtZqu vkSj d.kZ dk ck.k ;q¼ vkSj Hkhe ,oa

'kY; dk xnk;q¼ gqvk FkkA bls ch-vkj- pksiM+k us bl çdkj fpf=r fd;k gS&

'kdqfu & (d.kZ dks rhj nsrs gq,) ;s yks vaxjktA

d.kZ & (vtZqu dks ;q¼ ds fy, yydkjrs gq,) lko/kku! bl ij vtqZu us ,d rhj

pykdj d.kZ ds /kuq"k dks rksM+ fn;kA

d.kZ & (vtqZu ls) xq: ij'kqjke] æks.kkpk;Z vkSj vtqZu ds vfrfjä d.kZ dk /kuq"k

dksbZ rksM+ ugha ldrk FkkA eSa rqEgkjs xq: dks ç.kke djrk gwa czkã.k! 25

[kk.Monkg ds le; bUæ dh vkKk ls ny&ds&ny es?k ml çp.M vfXu dks 'kkUr

djus ds fy;s ty dh eksVh&eksVh /kkjk,¡ cjlkus yxsA vtqZu us vius vL=cy ls ck.kksa ds

}kjk ty dh /kkjkvksa dks vkdk'k esa gh jksd fn;k vkSj i`Foh ij ugha fxjus fn;kA bUæ us Hkh

vius rh{.k vL=ksa dh o"kkZ dhA vtqZu o JhÏ".k feydj vius pØ vkSj rh[ks ck.kksa ds

}kjk nsorkvksa dh lkjh lsuk dks rgl&ugl dj MkykA blds dqN 'yksd bl çdkj gSa &

rrks·'kfueqpks ?kksjkaLrfMRLrfurfu%Lokuku~A

rf}?kkrFkZel`tntqZuks·I;óeqÙkee~û15û

ok;O;efHkeU«;kFk çfrifÙkfo'kkjn%A

rsusUæk'kfues?kkuka oh;kSZtLrn~ foukf'kre~û16û

ty/kkjkĵ rk% 'kks"ka tXequsZ'kqĵ fo|qr%A

{k.ksu pkHkon~ O;kse lEç'kkUrjtLre%û17û (v 226 vkfn ioZ [kk.Monkg ioZ 15&17)

oklqnsoktqZukS ohjks flgukna fousnrq%A

nsojkts xrs jktu~ çâÔkS ds'koktqZukSû25û

24 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ ] v-169A 31&33 25 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 77

---- 108 ----


fu£o'kaÁka oua ohjkS nkg;keklrqLrnkA 26

vtqZu lfgr ikapksa HkkbZ ;¼ dyk esa çoh.k FksA lcdks fnO; vL=&'kL= rFkk nSoh

'kfä;ka çkIr FkhaA lHkh vts;] ijkØeh vkSj 'k=q dks ijkftr djus esa leFkZ FksA dkSjo lsuk

esa Hkh vkpk;Z æks.k] Ïikpk;Z] Hkh"e] d.kZ] t;æFk] tjkla/k] v'oRFkkek] nq;ksZ/ku] nq%'kklu]

'kY;] 'kkYo ;gka rd fd Lo;a /k`rjkÔª Hkh viuh ;q¼ dyk esa fdlh ls de ugha FksA lHkh

vijkts; ;ks¼k Fks fdUrq mudh 'kfä dk lnqi;ksx ugha gqvkA vU;k;] vuhfr ,oa vR;kpkj

ds dkj.k os {kh.k gks pqds Fks vkSj ;q¼ esa ijkftr gq;sA ch-vkj-pksiM+k us /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr

esa vius ik=ksa dks ftl :i esa çLrqr fd;k gS os fu'p; gh egkHkkjrdkyhu j.kdkS'ky dks

lk{kkr çnf'kZr djus esa lQy jgs gaSA vfHku; dyk esa muds lHkh ik= ikjaxr gSaA /keZ ,oa

v/keZ ds la?k"kZ dh dgkuh dk vUr ugha gS] ;g vkt Hkh py jgh gS vkSj pyrh jgaxhA

egkHkkjr esa lEiw.kZ dFkkoLrq ;q¼ vkSj 'kkfUr rFkk ijkØe ds vkl&ikl ?kwerh gSA

,d ls c<+dj ,d ijkØeh ;ks¼k gaSA lHkh ;q¼ dyk esa fo'kkjn fdUrq ijkØe tc Øks/k

vkSj vU;k; rFkk vgadkj dk :Ik ys ysrk gS rks og Lo;a ijkHkwr gks tkrk gSA blfy, f'k{kk

ds ek/;e ls ekuo tkfr dks ;g lUns'k nsus dk ç;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd ge ikS:"k ;k

iq:"kkFkZ ls lEcfU/kr tks Hkh dk;Z djsa mlesa lkgl] /kS;Z] /keZ] ijkØe lcdk lekos'k gksA

3-6 {kf=; /keZ%

/keZ ikyu%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & /keZikyu] drZO;ikyuA

Synonyms – Religion, Order, Duty, Righteouness.27

'kkL=ksä {kf=; /keZ dk ikyu djuk çR;sd ;ks¼k dk deZ gSA bldk ikyu lHkh

ik.Moksa] JhÏ".k] Hkh"e] d.kZ] vkfn us fd;k] ijUrq ækSinh dks nkao ij gkjus ds dkj.k ,d

ukjh dk vieku {kf=; ;ks¼k dks ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj u gh djus nsuk pkfg,A ;gh

vlko/kkuh vkSj ?k`f.kr deZ egkHkkjr dh jäjaftr xkFkk cukA f'k[k.Mh ds lkeus 'kL= j[k

nsuk] vkSj viuh e`R;q dk dkj.k crk nsuk Hkh"e tSls {kf=; gh dj ldrs gSaA ;g euksgkjh

fooj.k egkHkkjr ds 'yksdksa esa bl çdkj gS &

26 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ ] [kk.Monkg ioZ v-226A 15&17] v-227A 25 27 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 866

---- 109 ----


u dFkĳu dkSUrs; ef; thofr la;qxsA

t;ks Hkofr loZK lR;esrn~ czphfe rsû70û

rrks eka U;Lr'kL=a rq ,rs gU;qeZgkjFkk%A

fuf{kIr'kL=s ifrrs foeqädop/otsû77û

æoek.ks p Hkhrs p rokLehfr p okfnfuA

fL=;ka L=huke/ks;s p fodys pSdiq=dsû78û

vç'kLrs ujs pSo u ;q¼a jksprs eeA

bea esa Ük`.kq jktsUæ ladYia iwoZfpfUre~û79û

f'k[k.Mh lejke"khZ 'kwjĵ lfefr‘;%A

;FkkHkoPp L=h iwo± iĵkr~ iaqLRoa lekxrû81û

tkufUr p HkoUrks·fi loZesrn~ ;FkkrFke~A

vtqZu% lejs 'kwj% iqjLÏR; f'k[kf.Mue~û82û 28

bls /kkjkokfgd esa fuEukafdr 'kCnkoyh nh xbZ gS&

Hkh"e & (vtqZu ls) ;fn dksbZ ukjh lkeus vk tk, rks ij'kqjke f'k"; vL= dks gkFk

ugha yxk;sxkA fQj bl fugRFks dks j.kHkwfe ls gVkus esa rqEgsa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha

gksxh fç; vtqZuA

;qf/kf×j & (Hkh"e ls) fdUrq j.kHkwfe esa ukjh dSls vk ldrh gS firkeg\ ;g rks {kf=;

e;kZnk dk mYYka?ku gks tk;sxkA

Hkh"e & (;qf/kf×j ls) oklqnso us rqEgsa tks dqN iwNus dks dgk Fkk fç; ;qf/kf×j eSusa rks

crk fn;kA vc e;kZnk dk ç'u ysdj rqe mlh ds ikl tkvksA----------------------

Ï".k & (;qf/kf×j ls) vkids gksrs dY;k.kh j.kHkwfe esa ugha tk ldrh] fdUrq] Hkzkrk

f'k[k.Mh dks rks dksbZ e;kZnk ugha jksd ldrhA--------(Ï".k vtqZu ls) og rqEgkjs

fy, v/kZiq:"k gS ikFkZ ijUrq firkeg mUgsa ns[krs gh /kuq"k NksM+ nsaxs ----------------

xaxkiq= ds fy, egkjFkh f'k[k.Mh ukjh gh gSA xaxkiq= muesa dk'kh dh

jktdqekjh vEck dks vo'; igpku ysaxsA 29

28 . egkHkkjr] Hkh"e ioZ ] v-107A 70] 77&79] 81&82 29 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 77

---- 110 ----


vius iq= dh e`R;q dh lwpuk ij vL= j[k nsuk æks.kkpk;Z tSl {kf=; /keZfu× gh dj

ldrs gaSaA nku esa dop dq.My ns nsuk d.kZ tSlk {kf=; gh dj ldrk gSA jkek;.k esa Hkh

iq"iokfVdk esaa jke o y{e.k dh okrkZ] ij'kqjke o y{e.k dh okrkZ] Hkjr ,oa ç;kxjkt dh

okrkZ] Jhjke ,oa [kjnw"k.k dh okrkZ esa lw;Zoa'kh {kf=;ksfpr /keZ dk mYys[k gSA

egkHkkjr ,d /keZ ;q¼ jgk gS Ï".k Lo;a /keZ dh j{kkFkZ dq:{ks= esa igqaprs gaSA dkSjo

vkSj ik.Mo nksuksa /keZ dh j{kk dj jgs gaS fdUrq dkSjoksa }kjk ifjHkkf"kr /keZ yksHk vkSj Nù

rFkk vKku ds vkoj.k ls <+dk gSA blfy, bl fu.kkZ;d ;q¼ esa mudh ijkt; gksrh gS vkSj

U;k;] lR; rFkk yksddY;k.k ds :Ik esa ifjHkkf"kr {kf=; /keZ ik.Moksa ds i{k esa tkrk gSA

vkt dh f'k{kk esa ;g O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, fd lcls cM+k ekuo /keZ dÙkZO; vkSj deZ ds

vk/kkj ij ij ekuork dh j{kk gSA ;fn ;g gks ldk rks egkHkkjr ds 'kSf{kd fufgrkFkZ dks

lEcy fey ldsxkA

3-7 cqf¼ekuh ,oa uhfreÙkk%

cqf¼eÙkk%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & cqf¼eÙkk ds fy, bUgha ds vk/kkj ij 'kCn x<+s tk ldrs gSa]

ijarq çpfyr 'kCn ;s gSa & vDyeanh] prqjrk] prqjkbZ] pkrq;Z] nkfu'keanh] cqf¼'khyrk]

cqf¼dkS'ky] cqf¼ekuh] cqf¼'kkfyrk] eufLork] fop{k.krk] gksf'k;kjh vkfnA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & cqf¼eÙkk] cqf¼] euh"kk] çKk] psrukA

Synonyms – Intelligence, Wisdom, Intellect, Reasoning, Understanding, Mental ability. 30

uhfrKrk %&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & uhfrKrk] uhfrfuiq.krk] uhfreÙkk] cqf¼eÙkk] nwjn`fÔ A

Synonyms – Produence, Diplomacy, Statesmanship.31

egkHkkjr esa 'kkL=ksä uhfr dk dgha dgha ;¼ uhfr ls Vdjko gqvk gSA Ny] /kks[kk]

fo'okl?kkr ds vusd çlax egkHkkjr esa vk, gSaA Ï".k] vtqZu] Hkh"e vkfn us ;FkklEHko

uhfr ikyu dk ç;kl fd;kA fonqj uhfrK gksus ds lkFk&lkFk dbZ Hkk"kkvksa ds tkudkj FksA

ftl le; ik.Mo yksx okj.kkorZ tk jgs Fks] mlh le; fonqj us EysPN&Hkk"kk esa ;qf/kf×j dks

30 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 1266 31 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 996

---- 111 ----


mu ij vkusokyh foifÙk dh lwpuk ns nh vkSj lkFk gh ml foifÙk ls cpus dk mik; Hkh

le>k fn;k FkkA eg£"k O;kl us dgk Fkk&

;ks tkukfr ijçKka uhfr'kkókuqlkfj.khe~A

foKk;sg rFkk dq;kZnkina fuLrjsn~ ;Fkkû21û

vyksga fuf'kra 'kL=a 'kjhjifjdrZue~A

;ks osfÙk u rq ra /ofUr çfr?kkrfona f}"k%û22û

d{k?u% f'kf'kj?uĵ egkd{ks fcykSdl%A

u ngsfnfr pkRekua ;ks j{kfr l thofrû23û

vukIrSæÙkeknrs uj% 'kL=eyksgte~A

'okfoPNj.keklk| çeqP;sr gqrk'kukr~û25û 32

bls /kkjkokfgd esa n`';kadu djrs le; ukVdh;rk ds lkFk mHkkjk gS &

fonqj & (;qf/k×j ls) vkSj /;ku jgs fd ;s iykl ds Qwyksa dh ½rq gS vkSj tc iykl

f[kyrk gS rks ,slk yxrk gS fd tSls ou esa vkx yxh gqbZ gSA

'kdqfu & gka vkSj ;g n`'; Hkh vfr lqUnj gksrk gSA

fonqj & (ik.Moksa vkSj nq;ksZ/ku ls) rks ;g crkvks iq=ksa fd og dkSu gS ftls ou dh vkx

dk Hk; ughaA rqe crkvks nq;ksZ/ku \

nq;ksZ/ku & (fonqj ls) ,slk Hkyk dkSu gks ldrk gS dkdkJh ftls ou dh vkx dk Hk; u gksA

fonqj & (Hkhe ls) Hkhe rqe crkvksA

nq;ksZ/ku & (fonqj ls) gka dkdkJh vkx rks buds fy, cgqr fç; gS D;ksafd ml ij [kkuk

tks idrk gSA

;qf/k×j & (nq;ksZ/ku ls) vuqt nq;ksZ/ku] Hkhe dks lrk;k u djsaA

fonqj & (lcls) bl fBBksyh esa rks esjs ç'u dk mÙkj gh jg x;k fd ou dh vkx ls

dkSu lqjf{kr jg ldrk gSA

;qf/k×j & (fonqj ls) ou dh vkx ls rks dsoy pwgk gh lqjf{kr jg ldrk gS dkdkJh

D;ksafd og fcy esa gksrk gSA -------------------------------

32 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ ] v-141A 21&23] 25

---- 112 ----


fonqj & (;qf/k×j ls /khjs ls) u;s Hkou esa ços'k ls igys fu;e ;g gksuk pkfg, ;qojkt

fd] fudyus dk }kj igys gh [kkst ysuk pkfg,A 33

mUgksaus igys ls gh ,d lqjax ls tehu ds Hkhrj&gh&Hkhrj taxy tkus dk ,d jkLrk

cuk fn;k FkkA yk{kkx`g esa vkx yxkus ij ik.Mo yksx ekrk dqUrh ds lkFk mlh jkLrs ls

fujkin ckgj fudy vk;s FksA xaxkrV ij buds ikj gksus ds fy;s fonqj us ukfod ds lkFk

,d ukSdk Hkh igys ls gh rS;kj j[k NksM+h FkhA mlh ls os yksx xaxkikj gks x;sA bl çdkj

fonqj us cqf¼ekuh ,oa uhfreÙkk ls ik.Moksa ds çk.kksa dks cpk fy;k FkkA

çfgrks fonqjs.kkfLe [kud% dq'kyks áge~A

ik.Mokuka fç;a dk;Zfefr fda djokf.k o%û2û

çPNUua fonqjs.kksä% Js;LRofefr ik.Moku~A

çfrikn; fo‚klkfnfr fda djokf.k p%û3û

l rFksfr çfrJqR; [kudks ;RuekfLFkr%A

ifj[kkeqfRdjékke pdkj p egkfcye~û16û

bR;qDRok l rq rku~ ohjku iqeku fonqjpksfnr%A

rkj;kekl jktsUæ xÂka ukok uj"kZHkku~û13û 34

fopkj.kh; ç'u gS ;g gS fd ;fn cqf¼eÙkk ,oa uhfreÙkk ij lko/kkuh ls fopkj fd;k

x;k gksrk rks ;q¼ Vy ldrk Fkk ;k mldh ukScr gh ugha vkrh] fdUrq foosdHkzÔ gksus ij

O;fä vuhfr dk ekxZ idM+rk gS vkSj ogh mlds fouk'k dk dkj.k curk gSA bl nk'kZfud

er dk n`';kadu /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa cM+h lko/kkuh vkSj xaHkhjrk ls fd;k gS ftls vkt

Hkh n'kZd Hkwy ugha ik;s gSaA orZeku Hkkjr gh ugha fo'o esa ewY; ladV ds ;s nksukas çeq[k

dkj.k gSaA dksbZ Hkh çHkqrk lEiUu jkÔª u rks uhfr fu;e dks eku jgk gS u gh foosdiw.kZ dk;Z

gh djuk pkgrk gSA

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr esa Ï".k dks cqf¼eku rFkk uhfrK ekuk x;k gSA fonqj Hkh uhfrK gSa

fdUrq jktra= ds dkj.k mudh uhfr dks leFkZu ugha fey ikrk gSA Ï".k] vtqZu] Hkh"e]

æks.kkpk;Z lHkh cqf¼eku gSa ijUrq uhfr;ksa esa Vdjko ds dkj.k buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ;q¼ jksdus esa

lQy ugha gqvkA ;fn foosd vkSj U;k; ds vk/kkj ij dY;k.kdkjh uhfr;k¡ LFkkfir gksa rks 33 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 31 34 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ ] v-146A 2&3]16

---- 113 ----


thou esa la?k"kZ ugha gks ldrkA ,sls ikB~;Øe rHkh cu ik;saxs] tc mUgsa iwokZxzg ls nwj j[kk

tk;sxkA

3-8 /keZfu×k%

/keZ&fu×k%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & /kkfeZdrk] /keZijk;.krk] /keZ'khyrkA

Synonyms – Religiousness, Religiosity, Religionism, Faith. 35

/keZ dh lgh le> u gksus ls ;q¼ gqvkA egkHkkjr egkdkO; esa /keZ dh çfr×k gsrq

fofHkék LFkkuksa ij ladsr fd;k x;k gSA çlax ,sls gS fd & ftl le; ;q¼ esa Hkh"e Hkwfe ij

fxjs] ml le; mudk jkse&jkse ck.kksa ls fcaa/kk gqvk Fkk mUgha ck.kksa ij os lks x;sA firk ds

ojnku ls e`R;q muds v/khu FkhA nf{k.kk;u dks nsg R;kx ds fy;s mi;qä dky u le>dj

mUgksaus v;u&ifjorZu ds le;&rd bUrtkj djuk pkgkA

i';/oeqi/kkua esa ik.MosukfHklaf/kre~A

f'k';s·geL;ka 'k¸;k;ka ;konkorZua jos%û51û

;s rnk ekaxfe";fUr rs p çs{;fUr eka uìk%A

fn'ka oSJo.kkØkUrka ;nk··xUrk fnokdj%û52û

uwua lIrk‚;qØäsu jFksuksÙkerstlkA

foeks{;s·garnk çk.kku~ lqânk% lqfç;kfuoû53û 36

bl nkSjku Hkh"e ds fxjrs gh nq;ksZ/ku us ck.k fudkyus esa dq'ky oS|ksa dks Hkh"e dh

fpfdRlk ds fy;s cqyok;k] ijUrq Hkh"e us fpfdRlk djkuk viuk vieku le>kA mudh

tSlh vlk/kkj.k /keZfu×k vkSj lkgl vU;= ns[kus] lquus dks nqyZHk gSA ;g fooj.k egkHkkjr

ds Hkh"e ioZ esa bl çdkj vk;k gS &

/kuanÙok fol`T;Urka iwtf;Rok fpfdRldk%A

,oaxrs e;snkuha oS|S% dk;ZfegkfLr fde~û57û

{k=/kesZ ç'kLrka fg çkIrks·fLe ijeka xfre~A

uS"k /keksZ eghikyk% 'kjrYixrL; esû58û

35 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 859 36 . egkHkkjr] Hkh"e ioZ ] v-120A 51&53

---- 114 ----


,fHkjso 'kjSĵkg nX/kO;ks·fLe ujkf/kik%A 37

,d vU; çlax esa /keZfu×rk dk mnkgj.k bl çdkj gS fd & vtqZu bUæiqjh esa jgdj

tc vL=fo|k rFkk xU/koZ fo|k lh[k jgs Fks] ml le; loZJs× vIljk moZ'kh dks mudh

ijh{kk ds fy, bUæ us Hkstk fdUrq vtqZu us ml vIljk dks ekrk ekudj dgk&*ekrk! ;g

D;k dg jgh gks\ nsoh! fuLlUnsg rqe esjh xq#iRuh ds leku gksA rqe esjs fy;s cM+ksa dh cM+h

vkSj esjs iwoZtksa dh tuuh gksA tSls dqUrh] ekæh vkSj bUæ&iRuh 'kph esjh ekrk,¡ gSa_ oSls gh

rqe Hkh dq:oa'k dh tuuh gksus ds ukrs esjh iwtuh;k ekrk gksA eSa rqEgkjs pj.kksa esa flj

>qdkdj ç.kke djrk gw¡A* moZ'kh Øks/k ds ekjs vkxccqyk gks x;hA mlus vtqZu dks 'kki

fn;k&*eSa bUædh vkKk ls dkekfHkyk"kh gksdj rqEgkjs ikl vk;h Fkh] ijUrq rqeus esjs çse dks

Bqdjk fn;kA blfy;s tkvks rqEgsa fL=;ksa ds chp esa upfu;k¡ gksdj jguk iM+sxk vkSj yksx rqEgsa

fgtM+k dgdj iqdkjsaxsA* vtqZu us moZ'kh ds 'kki dks lg"kZ Lohdkj dj fy;k] ijUrq vius

/keZ dk R;kx ugha fd;kA ;g Hkh fooj.k egkHkkjr ds bUæykssdkfHkxeu ioZ esa vk;k gS&

nq%Jqra es·Lrq lqHkxs ;Ueka onfl HkkfofuA

xq:nkjS% lekuk esa fuĵ;su ojkuus û37û

;Fkk dqUrh egkHkkxk ;FksUæk.kh 'kph eeA

rFkk Roefi dY;kf.k uk= dk;kZ fopkj.kkû38û

;Fkk dqUrh p ekæh p 'kph pSo eeku?ksA

rFkk p oa'ktuuh Roa fg es·| xjh;lhû46û

xPN ew/ukZ çiékks·fLe iknkS rs ojof.kZfuA

Roa fg esekròr~ iwT;k j{;ks·ga iq=or~Ro;kû47û

,oeqäk rq ikFksZu moZ'kh Øks/kewfPZNrkA

osiUrh HkzqdqVhoØk 'k'kkikFk /kuat;e~û48û

ro fi=kH;uqKkrka Lo;a p x`gekxrke~A

;LekUeka ukfHkuUnsFkk% dkeck.ko'kaxrke~û49û

rLekr~ Roa urZu% ikFkZ L=he/;s ekuoftZr%A

viekfufr fo[;kr% "k.<on~ fopfj";flû50û 38

37 . egkHkkjr] vuq'kklu ioZ ] v-167A 46&47

---- 115 ----


egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa bl çlax dk n`';kadu bl çdkj Hkk"kk dk #i ysrk gS&

moZ'kh & (vtqZu ls) vIljk,a u fdlh dh iRuh gksrh gaS vkSj u fdlh dh ekrkA os dsoy

lkSUn;Z dh çfrek,a gksrh gSaA bl lkSUn; dh çfrek dks Lohdkj djA

vtqZu & (moZ'kh ls) ekrk ds :i esa rks Lohdkj dj fy;k nsohA ekrk vkSj iq= ds chp

esa rks dksbZ vkSj lEcU/k gks gh ugha ldrkA eSa {kek pkgrk gwaA eSa vkids fy,

dsoy ,d iq= gks ldrk gwa] iq:"k ughaA iq= lnSo] iq:"k dHkh ugha nsohA

moZ'kh & (vtqZu ij Øksf/kr gksrs gq,) rks fQj eSa rqEgs Jki nsrh gwa fd rqe lnSo iq= gh

cus jgks iq:"k dHkh ughaA vkt ls ,d uiqald dk thou O;rhr djksA 39

;g ekuoh; ewY; ds foijhr vo'; yxrk gS] ifjfLFkfrtU; gksus ls vijk/k Hkys gh

gqvk ij mls Lohdkj djuk iM+k gSA ;|fi egkHkkjr dk vH;qn; /keZ dh /kjrh ij gqvk

fdUrq yksd/keZ vkSj 'kkL=ksä /keZ esa leUo; u gksus ls lEiw.kZ ifjfLFkfr;ka ;q¼ /keZ esa cny

xbZA blfy, xhrk esa JhÏ".k us deZ dks gh /keZ fl¼ dj egkHkkjr ;q¼ ds ek/;e ls iqu%

/keZ dh çfrLFkkiuk dhA ;g fp=kadu dfBu gSA ;g nk'kZfud] oSpkfjd vkSj fparuijd rF;

gSA bls dsoy le>k tk ldrk gS ns[kk ugha tk ldrkA

egkHkkjr esa nks çdkj ds /keZ dk çfriknu gSA ,d tks Ï".k }kjk ekuo dh lqj{kk ,oa

dY;k.k gsrq vtqZu dks fn;s mins'k ds #Ik esa gS rFkk nwljk Hkh"e vkSj æks.kkpk;Z }kjk jkT;

dks iqÔ djus ds mís'; ls gSA nksuksa /kkj.kkvksa ds dkj.k vyx&vyx muds vFkZ fy, x;s

vkSj ;q¼ gqvk] ijUrq fot; ekuo dY;k.k gsrq mi;ksxh /keZ dh gh gqbZA jktlÙkk lekIr gks

xbZ ijUrq /keZ dk çfrfuf/kRo djus okys Ï".k vkSj ;qf/kf×j 'kk'or gks x;sA ;g ,d ç'u gS

fd vkt dh f'k{kk esa /keZ dh ifjHkk"kk gh ugha cu ik;h gS vkSj vxj cuh Hkh gS rks og

jktuhfr çsfjr gS blfy, f'k{kd] fo|k£Fk;ksa rFkk lEiw.kZ 'kSf{kd ifjos'k /kkfeZd dq.Bk dk

f'kdkj gks x;kA

38 . egkHkkjr] bUnzyksdkfHkxeu ioZ ] v-46A 37&38]46&50 39 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 54

---- 116 ----


3-9 /kS;Z ,oa lgu'kfä%

/kS;Z%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & /kS;Z laLÏrfu× 'kCn gSA bldk fgUnh :i /khjt gS vkSj blh :i esa

ç;qä feyrk gSA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & /khjrk] /khjt] lcz] /k`fr] rlYyh] lgu'khyrk] lfg".kqrk] larks"kA

Synonyms – Patience, Endurance, Perseverance, Firmness, Constancy, Fortitude.40

;q¼ ç/kku dkO; dh Hkk"kk gksus ds dkj.k ,sls ewY;ksa dk çfriknu de gqvk gS ij

dqN vPNs mnkgj.k Hkh gSa tSls & 'kj'kS¸;k iM+s Hkh"e us yksxksa ls ihus gsrq ty ekaxkA Lo.kZ

jtr ik=ksa esa yk, x, ty dks mUgkasus ekuoh; Hkksx dgdj ykSVk fn;k vkSj vtqZu ls dgk

& *csVk ! rqEgha eq>s fof/kor~ ty fiyk ldrs gksA* vtqZu us ,d ck.k fudkyk vksj mls

itZU;kó ls la;ksftr dj Hkh"e ds cxy okyh tehu ij ekjkA mlh le; lcds

ns[krs&ns[krs i`Foh esa ls fnO; ty dh ,d /kkjk fudyh ftls ihdj Hkh"e rÌr gq, vkSj

mUgksaus vtqZu ds ml deZ dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj ç'kalk dhA

osnukrZ'kjhjL; ç;PNkiks eektqZuA

Roa fg 'käks egs"okl nkrqekiks ;Fkkfof/kû19û

la/kk; p 'kja nhIrefHkeU«; l ik.Mo%A

i;ZU;kL=s.k la;ksT; loZyksdL; i';r%û23û

vfo/;r~ i`fFkoha ikFkZ% ik'osZ Hkh"eL; nf{k.ksA

mRiikr rrks /kkjk okfj.kks foeyk 'kqHkkû24û

'khrL;ke`rdYiL; fnO;xU/kjlL; pA

vrç;r~ rr% ikFkZ% 'khr;k ty/kkj;k û25û 41

egkHkkjr ds bl çlax dks /kkjkokfgd esa cM+s fopkj la;e ls fpf=r fd;k x;k gS &

Hkh"e & (vtqZu ls) eq>s I;kl yxh gS iq=A

vtqZu & (jksrs gq,) gka! gka! (vkSj vtqZu ,d rhj /kjrh dh vksj pykrk gS rks ogka ls ,d

fnO; ty /kkjk fudydj Hkh"e ds eq[k ij iM+us yxrh gSSA) 42

40 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 886 41 . egkHkkjr] Hkh"e ioZ ] v-121A 19]23&25

---- 117 ----


;g dFkkud tks Hkh earO; O;ä djrk gS fdUrq & mlh le; ls Hkh"e us thfor jgus

rd vUu&ty dk R;kx dj fn;kA bl çdkj mUgksaus ohjrk ds lkFk&lkFk /kS;Z ,oa

lgu'kfä dh ijkdk×k fn[kk nh FkhA

okLrfod /kS;Z mls dgrs gS tc O;fä leFkZ gks] ij vU;k; dk frjLdkj u dj

ldsA |wr esa ækSinh dks gkjus ds ckn mls viekfur gksrs ns[kdj lHkh ik.Moksa us ftl /kS;Z

,oa lgu'khyrk dk ifjp; fn;k og vkt ds lkekftd ifjos'k esa dgha laHko ugha gSA ;|fi

lHkh ik.Mo egku ;ks¼k Fks fQj Hkh U;k;] e;kZnk ,oa /keZik'k esa ca/ks gksus ds dkj.k bl

vuhfriw.kZ dk;Zokgh dk çfrdkj ugha dj ldsA 'kdquh us dne dne ij /kS;Z dk ifjp;

fn;kA dqUrh dk lEiw.kZ thou /kS;Z ,oa lgu'khyrk ds n`ÔkUr çLrqr djrk gSA ;q¼ esa vius

iq=ksa dks grkgr gksrs tkudj Hkh xkU/kkjh us ftl /kS;Z ,oa lkgl dk ifjp; fn;k og

vrqyuh; gSA U;k;ksfpr n.M dk fojks/k djus dk lkgl j[kus okyk gksrs gq, Hkh U;k; fo/kku

dk lEeku djus okyk O;fä okLro esa /kS;Z ,oa lgu'khyrk dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrk gSA vtqZu

egkHkkjr ;q¼ esa iw.kZ /kS;Z ds lkFk yM+k FkkA /kS;Z ds lkFk gh lHkh ik.Moksa us viuh ekrk]

iRuh lfgr ouokl vkSj vKkrokl dk n.M Hkksxk FkkA

;|fi egkHkkjr esa /kS;Z ,oa lgu'kfDr ds dkj.k ls gh ;q¼ tSlh fLFkfr cuh fdUrq

/kS;Z ;k lgu'kfDRk euq"; dh ohjrk dk çrhd gS vkSj vusd ,sls çlax gSa tgk¡ Ï".k ;k

vtqZu /kS;ZiwoZd vU;k; dk çfrdkj djrs gSaA bUgha xq.kksa dh deh ds dkj.k egku ;ks¼k gksrs

gq, Hkh nq;ksZ/ku rFkk d.kZ dks ijkftr gksuk iM+kA HkkxeHkkx ds vk/kqfud ;qx esa vke O;fDRk

ijs'kku gSA u rks mlesa leL;kvksa ls yM+us dh lkeF;Z gS u gh mlesa /kS;Z rFkk lgu'kfDRk gSA

,sls lkfRod xq.k cgqr de yksxksa esa fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA

3-10 R;kx%

R;kx%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & R;kx] mRlxZ] foltZu] fryk‘fy] nku] cfynku] migkj] leiZ.k]

fu"dkerk] vuklfäA

Synonyms – Renunciation, Renouncement, Abandonment, Relinquishment,

Disownment, Abdication.43

42 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 79 43 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 783

---- 118 ----


ladV ds le; ik.Moksa dks lq[k lqfo/kk ,oa oSHko rFkk Hkksxksa dk R;kx djuk iMkA

Hkh"e ,oa æks.kkpk;Z }kjk vius e`R;q ds dkj.k dks crkdj lR; laj{k.k gsrq thou dk R;kx]

ækSinh }kjk lkSUn;Z çlk/ku dk R;kx] dqUrh }kjk lq[k&Hkksxkas dk R;kx vkfn lHkh n`ÔkUr gesa

thou esa vuk'kfä ,oa R;kx dk lans'k nsrs gSaA yk{kkx`g ls fudydj tc ;s vius iq=ksa ds

lkFk ,dpØk uxjh esa ftl czkã.k ds ?kj esa fHk{kqdksa ds :i esa jgus yxh Fkha] ikl gh ,d

cdklqj uked jk{kl jgrk FkkA uxjokfl;ksa }kjk viuh ckjh ds vuqlkj izfrfnu ,d xkM+h

vék rFkk nks HkSals igq¡pkus iM+rs] mls jk{kl [kk tkrkA tc czkã.k ds ?kj ls jk{kl ds fy,

vkneh Hkstus dh ckjh vk;h rks czkã.k&ifjokj esa dqgjke ep x;kA dqUrh dks tc bl ckr

dk irk yxk rks mudk ân; n;k ls Hkj vk;k FkkA dqUrh us czkã.k dks cryk;k fd *eSa

vius ftl iq= dks jk{kl ds ikl Hkstw¡xh] og cM+k cyoku~] eU=fl¼ vkSj rstLoh gS_

mldk dksbZ cky Hkh ck¡dk ugha dj ldrkA* bl ij czkã.k jkth gks x;sA rc dqUrh us Hkhe

dks ml dke ds fy;s jk{kl ds ikl Hkst fn;kA

cdklqj ds Hkkstu gsrq Hkhe dks Hkstdj ik.Mo ,oa Lo;a dqUrh us R;kx dk tks

mnkgj.k çLrqr fd;k og orZeku lalkj esa nqyZHk gSA egkHkkjr esa O;kl th dh Hkk"kk esa bl

çdkj dh vfHkO;ä gqbZ gS &

eeSo opukns"k dfj";fr ijari%A

czkã.kkFksZ egr~ ÏR;a eks{kk; uxjL; pû4û

;qf/kf×j u larkiLRo;k dk;ksZ o`dksnjsA

u pk;a cqf¼nkScZY; n~O;olk;% Ïrks e;kû12û

rnga çK;k KkRok cya HkheL; ik.MoA

çrhdk;sZ p foçL; rr% Ïrorh efre~û19û

usna yksHkkék pkKkukék p eksgkn~ fofufĵre~A

cqf¼iwo± rq /keZL; O;olk;% Ïrks e;kû20û

vFkkSZ }kofi fu"iUukS ;qf/kf×j Hkfo";r%A

çrhdkjĵ oklL; /keZĵ pfjrks egku~û21û 44

vkSj bls /kkjkokfgd esa jaxeaph; O;oLFkk dh n`fÔ ls bl çdkj n'kkZ;k gS &

44 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ cdo/k ioZ v 161 4] 12] 19&21

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dqUrh & (czkã.k ls) bl ?kj us gesa 'kj.k nh gS HkkbZJh! rks D;k ;g esjk dÙkZO; ugha gS

fd bl ?kj dh j{kk dks Lo;a vius ?kj dh j{kk le>waA

czkã.k & fQj Hkh nsohA

dqUrh & (czkã.k ls) fQj Hkh D;k HkkbZJh! Hkxoku us eq>s ikap iq= fn;s gSaA ;fn ,d dks

Hkh Hkxoku u djs cdklqj [kk tk, rc Hkh pkj iq= esjs ikl gaaksaxs ijUr ?kj

okys ds fcuk] ?kj okys ds fcuk rks ?kj th ugha ldrk HkkbZJh! ;g Lo;a esjk

viuk vuqHko gSA cPpksa dks vukFk gksus ls cpuk pkfg,A cPps vukFk gksa rks eka

vkSj cPpksa dks cqjs fnuksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS_ blfy, bu lc ds thus

ds fy, vkidk thfor jguk vko';d gS HkkbZJh! dy [kkus dk NdM+k ysdj

esjk ,d iq= tk;sxkA 45

;g dqUrh ds fy, tks Hkh vkn'kZ gS ij ekuo ewY; ds #i esa thou dh ,d R;kxiw.kZ

n`fÔ t:j gSA dqUrh dk thou 'kq: ls vUr rd cM+k gh R;kxiw.kZ] rikse; vksj vuklä

FkkA egkHkkjr ;q¼ ds le; Hkh os jktçklkn esa jgha vkSj ;q¼&lekfIr ds ckn /keZjkt

;qf/kf×j lezkV ds in ij vfHkf"kä gq, vkSj dqUrh dks jktekrk cuus dk lkSHkkX; çkIr gqvk]

ijUrq mlus tsB&tsBkuh dh lsok dk Hkkj vius Åij ys fy;kA ftu tsB&tsBkuh ls mUgaas

rFkk muds iq=ksa ,oa iq=o/kqvksa dks dÔ] vieku ,oa vR;kpkj ds vfrfjä dqN ugha feyk

Fkk] mu tsB&tsBkuh ds fy;s bruk R;kx orZeku lkekftd ifjos'k esa dgha ns[kus dks ugha

fey ldrkA ,d 'yksd esa ;g Hkko nsf[k, &

‚Jw‚'kqj;ks% iknku~ 'kq‚w"kUrh ous Roge~û16û

xkU/kkjhlfgrk oRL;s rkirh eyifÁuhA 46

D;k ;g thou n`fÔ vkt ds ewY; dh leh{kk dj ik jgh gS\ gekjh ekrkvksa ,oa

cfguksa ds fy, dqUrh dk ;g vuqie R;kx vuqdj.kh; gSA dqUrh tSlh vkn'kZ efgyk,¡ lalkj

ds bfrgkl esa cgqr de feysaxhA dqUrh ds blh vkn'kZ ds dkj.k 'kkL=ksa esa bls iap dU;kvksa

esa LFkku fn;k gSA ækSinh dks Hkh iap dU;kvksa esa fxuk tkrk gSA

45 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 33 46 . egkHkkjr] vkJeokfld ioZ ] v-16A 16

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lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr ds dFkkpØ esa R;kx dk LFkku ik.Mo i{k dh vksj rFkk Hkksx dk

n`ÔkUr dkSjo i{k dh vksj feyrk gS fdUrq vkyL;] çekn vkSj detksjh esa fd;k x;k R;kx

dksbZ egRo ugha j[krkA viuh vko';drkvksa vkSj bPNkvksa dks NksM+uk lcls cM+k R;kx gS

vkSj ;g ik.Mo i{k dh vksj LiÔ >qdk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA lEiw.kZ jktoSHko dk R;kx

djds ,d vHkkoxzLr thou okys lkekU; O;fDRk dh rjg ik.Mo ifjokj us tks vkn'kZ

çLrqr fd;k mudk vkt dh f'k{kk esa og ckj&ckj Lej.k djkus ;ksX; gS rkfd ml----R;kx

dk va'kek= Hkh le; ifjfLFkfr ds vuq:i pfjrkFkZ fd;k tkos rks 'kSf{kd] lkekftd ewY;

ds :i esa ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksxkA

3-11 Hkfä%

j{k.k%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & laj{k.k] lqj{kk] ifjj{k.k] vfHkj{k.k] fgQktr] cpko] ns[kHkkyA

Synonyms – Protection, Security, Preservation, Conservation, Safe keeping. 47

dkSjoksa dh jktlHkk esa nq%'kklu us ækSinh dks fuoZL= djuk pkgk] ml le; viuh

ykt cpkus ds fy, mlus vR;Ur vkrqj gksdj JhÏ".k dks iqdkjk A os rqjUr vk;s vkSj

/keZ:i ls ækSinh ds oL=ksas esa fNidj mudh ykt cpk;hA egkcyh nq%'kklu dh çp.M

Hkqtk,¡ Fkd x;h] ijUrq lkM+h dk Nksj gkFk ugha vk;kA

bR;uqLe`R; Ï".ka lk gfja f=HkqousÜoje~A

çk:nn~ n%qf[krk jktu~ eq[kekPNk| Hkkfeuhû44û

;kKlsU;k op% JqRok Ï".kks xàfjrks·Hkor~A

R;DRok 'k¸;k··lua iÚîka Ïikyq% Ïi;kH;xkr~û45û

Ï".ka p fo".kqa p gfja uja p

=k.kk; foØks'kfr ;kKlsuhA

rrLrq /kekZs·Urfjrks egkRek

leko`.kksn~ oS fofo/kS% lqoL=S%û46û

vkÏ";ek.ks olus ækSi|kLrq fo'kkEirsA

rnwzieija oL=a çknqjklhnusd'k%û47û

47 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] prqFkZ [k.M] i`"B la- 1498

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ukukjkxfojkxkf.k olukU;Fk oS çHkksA

çknqHkZofUr 'kr'kks /keZL; ifjikyukr~û48û 48

vUr esa nq%'kklu gkjdkj fu<+ky gks cSB x;kA ækSinh dh Hkfä] dqUrh }kjk nsorkvksa

dh Hkfä] Lo;a Hkh"e }kjk Ï".k dh Hkfä ds lkFk&lkFk vkpk;Z] ekrk&firk ,oa cM+ksa ds çfr

HkfäHkko ds vusd çlax egkHkkjr esa gSaA bu çlaxksa dk mn~?kkVu dj /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr

esa ykSfdd thou esa ekuo ds iq#"kkFkZ dh iquLFkkZiuk dh xbZ gSA bl va'k dk n`';kadu cgqr

gh ltho <ax ls fd;k gSA

O;klth us egkHkkjr esa HkfDRk dks ,d ;ksx ds :Ik esa ns[kk gS blfy, JhÏ".k blds

dsUæ esa vk tkrs gSaA vkt dh f'k{kk esa ;fn deZ ;k Kku dks dsUæ esa j[kdj mldh HkfDr

dh tk, rks ekuo lekt ls vU;k; vkSj vKkurk lekIr gks ldrh gSA HkfDr dksbZ

vU/kfo'okl ugha gS fdUrq vU/k HkfDr esa vfo'okl dks çJ; feyrk gSA ,slk ugha gksuk

pkfg,A Hkfä rks vk/;kfRed mRd"kZ ,oa vkRe'kfä gSA

3-12 lR;çse%

lR;fu×k%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & ln~o`fÙk] lno`Ùkrk] ijksidkfjrk] vuq¼rrkA

Synonyms – Truthfulness, Righteousness, Good nature, Benevolence, Kindness,

Benignity.49

lR;%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & ;FkkFkZ] okLrfodrk] lPp] lPpkbZ] rF;] vforFkA

Synonyms – Truth, Reality, Genuineness, Virtuousness, Truthfulness.50

/keZ ,oa lR; ds vkyksd esa gh iwjk egkHkkjr dk ;q¼ gqvkA egkHkkjr esa ;qf/k×j dks

lcls cM+k lR;oknh fl¼ fd;k x;k gSA ;|fi Ï".k rks Lo;a lR; ds lkFk ukjk;.k :i ls

fo[;kr gq, fQj Hkh dqUrh dks mUgkasus Lo;a lR; dh nsoh ds :i esa iwT;k ekukA dqUrh dk

lR;çse Hkh mRÏÔ FkkA og fouksn esa Hkh dHkh >wB ugha cksyrh FkhaA vtqZu vkSj Hkhe Lo;aoj

ls ækSinh dks thrdj tc ekrk ds ikl yk;s vkSj dgk fd *ekrk ! vkt ge ;g fHk{kk yk;s 48 . egkHkkjr] |wr ioZ ] v-68A45&50 49 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la- 1927&1928 50 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la- 1922&1923

---- 122 ----


gSaA* rks mUgksaus mUgsa fcuk ns[ks gh dg fn;k fd *csVk! ik¡pksa HkkbZ feydj bldk mi;ksx djksA*

eg£"k O;kl bl fo"k; ij iw.kZ LiÔ er nsrs gSa tks bu 'yksdksa esa gSa &

xRok rq rka HkkxZodeZ'kkyka

ikFkkSZ i`Fkka çkI; egkuqHkkokSA

rka ;kKlsuha ijeçrhrkS

fHk{ksR;Fkkosn;rka ujkX;zkSû1û

dqVhxrk lk Rouos{; iq=kS

çksokp Hkq³~äsfr lesR; losZA

iĵPp dqUrh çleh{; Ï".kka

dÔa e;k Hkkf"krfeR;qokpû2û 51

vkSj ;gh ,d NksVs ls oäO; esa /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa n`';kafdr fd;k x;k gS &

vtZqu o Hkhe &(vius ?kj igqapdj) vkt ge cM+h vPNh fHk{kk ys vk;s gSa ekrkJhA

dqUrh & lkjs HkkbZ vkil esa ckaV yksA (dqUrh us utj mBkrs gq, iwNk ;s nsoh dkSu gS\) 52

;g vk'khokZn ;k dFku vutkus esa fn;k x;k ij & tc bUgsa ekywe gqvk fd os ,d

dU;k yk;s gSa] rc rks dqUrh cM+s vleatl esa iM+ x;haA bUgksaus lkspk * ;fn eSa viuh ckr

okil ysrh gw¡ rks vlR; dk nks"k yxrk gS vkSj ;fn vius iq=ksa dks mlh ds vuqlkj pyus ds

fy;s dgrh gw¡ rks lukru e;kZnk dk yksi gksrk gSA* egkHkkjr esa ;g Lo;aoj ioZ ds v/;k;

190 ds 'yksd 3 ls 5 rd o£.kr gS vkSj ;gh çlax /kkjkokfgd esa bl çdkj vk;k gS &

vtqZu & (dqUrh ls) ekrkJh ;s dkafiY; dh jktdqekjh ækSinh gSA

Hkhe & (dqUrh ls) vtqZu us bls Lo;aoj esa thrk gSA

dqUrh & (ækSinh us dqUrh ds ikao Nq,) v[k.M lkSHkkX;orh Hko%A

vtqZu & (dqUrh ls) ijUrq ekrkJh vkius buds foHkktu dk vkns'k fn;k gSA

dqUrh & (xqLls ls) blds foHkktu dk vkns'kA D;k\ esjh efr ekjh xbZ gS fd eSa

iq=o/kw ds foHkktu dk vkns'k nwaxhA vtqZu rqeus rks fHk{kk -----------] rqe

51 . egkHkkjr] Lo;aoj ioZ ] v-190A 1&2]5 52 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 36

---- 123 ----


nksuksa us ækSinh dks fHk{kk crk;k FkkA ifRu dks fHk{kk dgk rqeusA eka ls >wB cksys

vtqZu vc ckaVks vkSj ckaV dj fn[kykvks blsA 53

bl }U} ls cpko ds fy, vUr esaa ;qf/kf×j us lR; dks Lohdkj fd;kA tc ek¡ us

;qf/kf×j ls iwNk rks mUgksaus lR; ij dk;e jgus dh lykg nh] ftls O;kl th bl çdkj

crkrs gSa &

l ,oeqäks efreku~ uòhjks

ek=k eqgwr± rq fofpUR; jktkA

dqUrha lek‚kL; dq:çohjks

/kuat;a okD;fena cHkk"ksû6û

rs"kkekdkjHkkoK% dqUrhiq=ks ;qf/kf×j%A

}Sik;uop% ÏRlua lLekj euqt"kZHk%û15û 54

ij jktk æqin dh vksj ls vkifÙk gksus ij osnO;kl th us ækSinh ds iwoZtUeksa dh dFkk

dgrs gq, mUgsa le>k;k fd 'kadjth ds ojnku ls ;s ikapksa gh nqzin dqekjh dk ikf.kxzg.k

djsaxsA dqUrh dh lR;fu×k dh fot; gqbZ] muds eq[k ls gBkr~ ,slh gh ckr fudyh] tks gksus

okyh FkhA lR; dk n`<+rkiwoZd vkJ; ysus ij ,slk gksuk fdlh ds fy;s Hkh vlEHko ugha gSA

bls fuEukafdr 'yksdksa esa crk;k x;k gSA

rs"kkekdkjHkkoK% dqUrhiq=ks ;qf/kf×j%A

}Sik;uop% ÏRlua lLekj euqt"kZHk%û15û

vczohr~ lfgrku~ Hkzkr¤u~ feFkksHksnHk;kcì%A

losZ"kka ækSinh Hkk;kZ Hkfo";fr fg u% 'kqHkkû16û 55

bl }U} ds mgkiksg dks /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa bu 'kCnksa }kjk O;ä fd;k x;k gS &

;qf/k×j & (dqUrh ls) D;k leL;k gS ekrkJh\

53 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 36 54 . egkHkkjr] Lo;aoj ioZ ] v-190A 6 55 . egkHkkjr] Lo;aoj ioZ ] v-190A 15&16

---- 124 ----


dqUrh & (;qf/k×j ls) ;g rks rqe vius nksuksa vuqtksa ls gh iwNks ;qf/k×jA tks ifRu;ksa dks

fHk{kk ekurs gSa] oLrq le>rs gSaA D;k Hkjr oaf'k;ksa dh ;gh ijEijk gS\ rqe rks

lk{kkr~ /keZ gks rqe gh crkvks ;qf/k×j\

;qf/k×j & (dqUrh ls) ukjh rks 'kfä gS ekrkJhA ukjh ds fcuk uj lEiw.kZ ugha gks ldrkA

ukjh pkgs ekrk ds :i esa] pkgs ifRu ds :i esa] pkgs cgu ds :i esa] pkgs iq=h

ds :i esaA ukjh lnSo vknj.kh;k gSA Hkhe vkSj vtqZu us ukjh dks fHk{kk dg

dj ukjh dk vieku fd;k gSA ekrk ije xq: Hkh gksrh gS mldk dksbZ vkns'k

vLohdkj.kh; gks gh ugha ldrkA

Hkhe & (;qf/k×j ls) ;g vki D;k dg jgs gSa HkzkrkJh\

;qf/k×j & (dqUrh ls) gka] ekrkJh ds eaqg ls vkt rd dksbZ vLohdkj.kh; ckr ugha

fudyh rks fQj ekrkJh ds vutkus esa fn;s gq, bl vkns'k esa dksbZ u dksbZ

jgL; vo'; gksxkA orZeku esa tks dqN Hkh gks jgk gS vrhr esa mldk dksbZ u

dksbZ vadqj vo'; gksxkA 56

lR; dh j{kk] U;k; ,oa /keZ dh j{kk rFkk ekuo ewY;ksa dh j{kk ds fy, gh rks

egkHkkjr gqvk fQj ;g ç'u gh ugha mBrk fd egkHkkjr esa vlR;] v/keZ] vU;k; ij pyus

okyk fot;h gksA

egkHkkjr esa lR; ds :Ik esa dsoy Ï".k gh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA Hkh"e Hkh lR; ds çfr:Ik

gSa fdUrq muds lR; esa foosd dk vHkko gS vkSj Ï".k foosd lEer lR; ds vk/kkjHkwr rRo

gSa] blfy, mUgsa lR;ukjk;.k dgk x;k gSA ;g vuUr dky ls pyk vk jgk gSA fot; lR;

dh gksrh gSA mlesa foyEc Hkys gh gksrk gksA lR; dh j{kk ds fy, /keZ vkSj U;k; dh çfØ;k;sa

Hkh lg;ksx djrh gaSA lEHkor% orZeku f'k{kk esa lR; dsoy xf.kr vkSj foKku ds ç;ksx esa gh

fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA Ny] Nù vkSj LokFkZ ds dkj.k ekuo thou esa lR; dk vHkko gks x;k gSA

3-13 vkKk ikyu%

vkKkikyu%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & vkKkdkfjrk] vkKkuqofrZrk] vkKkikydrk] dÙkZO;ijk;.krkA


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Synonyms – Obedience, Dutifulness, Compliance, Servility, Subservience. 57

vkKkikyu egkHkkjr ds lEiw.kZ dsUnz dk vfLrRo gSA tc ik.Mo cgqr NksVs Fks] rHkh

buds firk egkRek ik.Mq LoxZoklh gks x;sA rHkh ls os vius T;s× firk /k`rjkÔª dks gh firk

rqY; ekudkj mudk cM+k vknj djrs Fks] vkSj mudh fdlh Hkh vkKk dks ugha Vkyrs FksA

/k`rjkÔª vius dqfVy LoHkko ds dkj.k jkT;kf/kdkjh nq;ksZ/ku dks eukus ds fy, ik.Moksa dks

esyk ns[kus ds cgkus okj.kkorZ Hkstus dk çLrko j[kkA bldk n`';kadu djrs gq, /kkjkokfgd

egkHkkjr esa ;g dFkkud crk;k gS &

nq;ksZ/ku& ('kdqfu ls) ekekJh! jktdh; dks"k yxkrkj fjä gksus dks gS vkSj

;qf/kf×j dh yksdfç;rk esa dksbZ vi;'k ugha fn[kkbZ nsrkA

'kdqfu & (nq;ksZ/ku ls) fn[kkbZ nsxk çk.kksa ls fç; nq;ksZ/ku! fn[kkbZ nsxkA eSuas iqjksputh dks

bl dk;Z esa yxk fn;k gSA

nq;ksZ/ku& ('kdqfu ls) iqjkspu! og cw<+k okLrq f'kYihA og D;k dj ldrk gS\

'kdqfu & (nq;ksZ/ku ls) iqjkspu og dk;Z dj ldrk gS tks ,d iwjh lsuk ugha dj ldrh

HkkatsA okj.kkorZ esa rks f'ko lekjksg gks jgk gSA

nq;ksZ/ku& ('kdqfu ls) th gka vkSj eSa mlesa tk Hkh jgk gwaA

'kdqfu & (nq;ksZ/ku ls) ugha bl o"kZ ogka ;qojkt ;qf/kf×j gh tk;saxsaA ------------ eSa ogka

iqjksputh ls ;qojkt ;qf/kf×j ds fy, ,d yk{kkx`g cuok jgk gwaA dsoy ,d

fpaxkjh vkSj ;qojkt ;qf/kf×j dh dFkk lekIrA 58

og lksprk Fkk fd os gfLrukiqj ls nwj pys tk;saA ik.Moksa us mudh vkKk le>dj

ml ij dksbZ vkifÙk ugha dh vkSj pqipki viuh ekrk dqUrh ds lkFk okj.kkorZ pys x;sA ;g

lEiw.kZ fooj.k vkxs fn;k tk jgk gS &

ik.MosH;ksHk;a u L;kr~ rku~ fookl;rkaHkoku~

fuiq.ksukH;qik;su uxja okj.kkore~û4û

/k`rjkÔªL; ra dkeeuqcq/; ;qf/kf×j%A 57 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] çFke [k.M] i`"B la- 211 58 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 30

---- 126 ----


vkReuĵlgk;Roa rFksfr çR;qokp re~û11û 59

ogkWa yk{kkx`g esa tyk gqvk tkudj /k`rjkÔª ds iq=ksa us gfLrukiqj ds jkT; ij pqipki

vf/kdkj dj fy;kA ckn esa /k`rjkÔª }kjk vk/kk jkT; ysdj [kk.MoçLFk esa jgus dk çLrko

muds lkeus j[kkA bldk O;kl th us egkHkkjr ds vkfn ioZ v/;k; 206 ds 24 osa 'yksd

esa mYys[k fd;k gSA /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa Hkh cM+s Hkko iw.kZ <+x ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gS &

/k`rjkÔª & (jkT; lHkk esa) eSa ,d ?kks"k.kk djrk gwa fd gfLrukiqj jkT; ij tUe ls esjk

dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha FkkA eSa vius fç; vuqt ik.Mq ds çfrfuf/k ds :i esa jkT;

dj jgk gwaA blfy, esjk gj fu.kZ; okLro esa vuqt ik.Mq dk fu.kZ; gSA eSa

vuqt ik.Mq dh vksj ls ?kks"k.kk djrk gwa fd gekjs firkJh dk ;g jkT; nks

fgLlksa esa cjkcj&cjkcj ckaV fn;k tk,A ,d Hkkx vuqt ik.Mq ds T;s× iq=

fç; ;qf/kf×j dks fn;k tk, vkSj nwljk Hkkx esjs mijkUr esjs T;s× iq= nq;ksZ/ku

dksA blfy, vkt esjs vius iwoZt ;;kfr dk jkT; [kk.MoçLFk ;qf/kf×j dks

fn;k tkrk gS vkSj cp tkus okyk gfLrukiqj dk Hkkx esjs ikl jgsxkA 60

;qf/kf×j us /k`rjkÔª dk ;g fu.kZ; Hkh vkKk ekudj Lohdkj dj fy;k vkSj os vius

HkkbZ;ksa ds lkFk [kk.MoçLFk esa jgus yxsA ik.Moksa dh vksj ls Hkh"e] æks.kkpk;Z] Ïikpk;Z]

jktk&çtk] ea=h] lHkkln lHkh dh vkKkvksa ds ikyu dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA mUgksaus fdlh

Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa fdlh dh vkKk dk mYya?ku ugha fd;kA

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr esa vkKk ikyu ,d vkn'kZ ewY; ds :Ik esa LFkkfir gSA cM+kas dh

vkKk dks fu;e ekudj mldk vkpj.k djus ds dkj.k ik.Mo i{k bl ;q¼ esa fot;h gqvkA

;gk¡ rd fd firkeg Hkh"e vkSj /k`rjkÔª] æks.kkpk;Z] Ïikpk;Z vkfn lHkh dkSjo i{k esa Fks fQj

Hkh muds }kjk fn;s x;s vkns'k dk ikyu ik.Moksa us iw.kZ fu×k ls fd;kA ,slk vkKkikyu

vkt fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA yksx fdlh Hkh vkns'k dks vf/kdkj vkSj dÙkZO; dh rjktw ij rkSyus

yxrs gSa] blfy, ikfjokfjd vkSj lkekftd folaxfr;k¡ [kM+h gksrh gSaA

59 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ v 141A 4] 11 60 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 39

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3-14 vkfrF;&/keZ%

vfrfFk&Hkko%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & vfrfFk lsok] x`gkxr lsok] esgekunkjh] vfrfFk /kfeZrk]

igqukbZ vkfnA ^vkfrF;* ds çk;% lekukFkhZ ç;ksx gSA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn%& vfrfFk lsok] vH;kxrkpkZ] x`gkxr lsok] vfrfFk /kfeZrk] esgekunkjh]

igqukbZA

Synonyms – Hospitality, Hospitableness, Welcome. 61

nwljh ckj tq, esa gkjus ds dkj.k ou ;k=k ij tkus okys ik.Moksa ds lkFk dqN

uxjoklh Hkh pys x;sA ml le; /keZjkt dks ;g fpUrk gqbZ fd *brus yksx esjs lkFk py

jgs gaS] buds Hkkstu dh D;k O;oLFkk gksxh \* mUgsa vius dÔksa dh rfud Hkh ijokg ugha Fkh]

ijUrq ;s nwljksa dk dÔ ugha ns[k ldrs FksA vUr esa mUgkasus Hkxoku~ lw;Z dh vkjk/kuk djds

muls ,slk ik= çkIr fd;k ftlesa idk;k gqvk FkksM+k&lk Hkh Hkkstu v{k; gks tkrk A mlh ls

;s ou esa jgrs gq, Hkh vfrfFkx.kksasa dks Hkkstu djokus ds ckn Lo;a Hkkstu djrs FksA ouokl

ds dÔ Hkksxrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus vkfrF;&/keZ dk ;Fkksfpr ikyu fd;kA bl vk'k; dk o.kZu

O;kl th us egkHkkjr esa bl çdkj fd;k gS &

,oesrUu lansgks jes·ga lrra f}tS%A

U;wuHkkokr~ rq i';kfe çR;kns'kfeokReu%û12û

DFka æ{;fe o% lokZu~ Lo;aekârHkkstuku~A

EÚDR;k fDy';kr·ugkZu~f/kd~iku~ /k`rjkÔªtku~û13û

;r~rs·fHkyf"krafdafpr~ rr~Roa loZeokIL;flA

vgeUua çnkL;kfe lIr iĳ p rs lek%û71û

Qyewykfe"ka 'kkda laLÏra ;UegkulsA

prqfo/ka rn~Uuk|e{k¸;a rs Hkfo";frû72û

brĵrqæ'ks o"ksZ Hkw;ks jkT;eokIL;flA73½ 62

61 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] çFke [k.M] i`"B la- 26 62 . egkHkkjr] ou ioZ ] v- 2A 12&13 ] v- 3A 71&73

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vkfrF; /keZ dh j{kk dkSjo i{k }kjk Hkh gksrh jghA Ï".k dk vkfrF;] 'kY; dk

vkfrF;] d.kZ }kjk Ï".k dk vkfrF; vkfn ?kVuk,a Hkkjrh; thou ewY;ksa ds vkyksd esa

vkfrF; /keZ dks çokfgr djrh gaSA fonqj dk vkfrF; Hkko rks bfrgkl esa çfl¼ gSA bls

ch-vkj- pksiM+k us /kkjkokfgd esa bl çdkj O;aftr fd;k gS &

Ï".k & (fonqj iRuh ls) okg ljlksa dk ,slk LokfnÔ lkx rks eSaus [kk;k gh ugha Fkk vkSj

fQj ls edbZ dh jksVh dkdh Jh! eSa rks [kkdj /kU; gks x;kA

fonqj & (fonqj iRuh ls) lqu jgh gks] fd rqEgkjs idk;s lkx dks [kkdj dkSu /kU; gks

jgk gSA

Ï".k & (fonqj ls) lp dg jgk gwa dkdkJh! jktHkou ds idoku [kk [kkdj eu Åc

x;k FkkA vc dHkh gfLrukiqj vkuk gqvk rks vki gh dk vfrfFk cuwaxkA

fonqj & (Ï".k ls) rc rks bl ?kj ds Hkkx gh [kqysaxs oklqnsoA

fonqj iRuh& (Ï".k ls) viuk ;g opu Hkwy rks ugha tkb;sxkA

fonqj & (fonqj iRuh ls galrs gq,) bUgsa Hkwyuk gh rks ugha vkrk HkkX;okuA 63

;g gekjh lukru ijEijk jgh gS fd ge vfrfFk;ksa dh lsok djrs gSaA vkt ,sls Hkko

lekt esa lekIr gks x;s gaSA u rks vfrfFk esa fo'okl jg x;k gS vkSj u gh vkfrF; ds çfr

;Fkksfpr vkLFkkA yksx Lo;a esa brus ladqfpr vkSj NksVs gks x;s gSa fd lEiw.kZ lEink dk

mi;ksx vius fy, gh djuk pkgrs gSaA vk/kqfud f'k{kk esa Hkksxokn rFkk yksHk dk bruk çHkko

gks x;k gS fd ge vfrfFk /keZ dks Hkwy cSBs gSaA

3-15 vtkr 'k=qrk%

mnkjrk%& lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & mnkjrk vusd :iksa esa çdV gksrh gSA n;kHkko gksus ij og

n;kyqrk curh gSA blh dks jgefnyh dgrs gSaA nku nsus ij nku'khyrk dk :i /kkj.k djrh

gSaA blh dks nfj;kfnyh dgrs gSaA O;ogkj txr esa og 'kkyhurk vkSj f'kÔrk ds :i esa O;ä

gksrh gSA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & ljyrk] n;kyqrk] Hkærk] nku'khyrk] f'kÔrk] nfj;kfnyh] fo'kkyân;rk]

Ïikyqrk] jgefnyh] nkf{k.;A

Synonyms – Generosity, Magnanimity, Liberality, Broadmindedness. 64

63 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 38 64 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] çFke [k.M] i`"B la- 446&447

---- 129 ----


ik.Moksa ds }Srou okl ds nkSjku le; ?kks"k ;k=k ds cgkus nq;ksZ/ku vius efU=;ksa]

Hkkb;ksa] jfuokl dh fL=;ksa rFkk cgqr cM+h lsuk dks lkFk ysdj ml ou esa x;kA ogk¡

tyØhM+k ds fopkj ls og ml ljksoj ds rV ij igq¡pk tgk¡ egkjkt ;qf/kf×j dqVh cukdj

jg jgs FksA ljksoj dks xU/koksZ us igys ls gh ?ksj j[kk FkkA muds lkFk nq;ksZ/ku dk cM+k Hkh"k.k

vkSj jksekapdkjh ;q¼ fNM+ x;kA fot; xU/koks± dh vksj jgh vkSj mu yksxksa us jkfu;ksa&lfgr

nq;ksZ/ku dks dSn dj fy;kA bldk O;kl th us ?kks"k ;k=k ioZ ds v/;k; 242 ds 'yksd 6

ls 9 esa o.kZu fd;k gSA

tc egkjkt ;qf/kf×j dks nq;ksZ/ku ds dSn gkus lekpkj feyk rks mUgksaus vius Hkkb;ksa

dks vkKk nh dh *rqe lc yksx tkdj cyiwoZd jktk nq;ksZ/ku dks NqM+k ykvksA bl n`ÔkUr

dk o.kZu /kkjkokfgd esa bl çdkj fd;k x;k gS &

vaxj{kd& (;qf/kf×j ls) cSBus dk le; ugha gS egkjktA ;qojkt dks xU/koks± us cUnh cuk

fy;k gSA

;qf/kf×j & xU/koks± dk ;g lkgl fd gfLrukiqj jkT; dh lhek ds Hkhrj ;qojkt dks cUnh

cuk ysaA (;qf/kf×j] Hkhe vkSj vtqZu ls) rqe nksuksa tkdj nq;ksZ/ku dh lgk;rk

djksA-------------(Hkhe ls) gka] gka og fQj Hkh gekjk HkkbZ gS vkSj mldh lgk;rk

djuk gekjk drZO; gSA ;fn bl ladV ds volj ij ge mldh lgk;rk ugha

djsaxs rks mlesa vkSj gekjs esa vUrj gh D;k jg tk;sxkA D;k bl le; mldh

lgk;rk u djus ds mijkUr rqe yksx T;s× ekrkJh dk lkeuk dj ikvksxsA

D;k rqqe muls ;g dg ikvksxs fd rqe muds vk'khokZn ds ;ksX; gksA vuqt

nq;ksZ/ku ls gekjk >xM+k ,d vkilh >xM+k gS ,d ?kjsyw >xM+k gSA ge vkil

esa fuiVrs jgsaxs ,d nwljs ls] ijUrq bl vkilh >xM+s dk vFkZ ;g rks ugha fd

ckgj okys bldk ykHk mBk;saA blfy, ;g vko';d gS fd bl vkifÙk dh

?kM+h esa ge mldh lgk;rk djsaA 65

vius T;s× Hkzkrk dh fo'kky ân;rk ,oa vkns'k dh ikyuk esa vtqZu us viuh ck.k

o"kkZ ls xU/koks± ds Nôss NqM+k fn;s vkSj nq;ksZ/ku dks Hkkb;ksa o jkfu;ksa&lfgr muds cU/ku ls


---- 130 ----


NqM+k fn;kA egkjkt ;qf/kf×j ds fo'kky ân; dks ns[kdj os lc nax jg x;sA /kU; vtkr

'k=qrk! bldk fooj.k egkHkkjr ds ou ioZ esa cgqr foLr`r #i ls fn;k x;k gSA mlds dqN

'yksd bl çdkj gSa &

lLoukuf/kjksg/oa fuR;lTtkfueku~û9û

,rkukLFkk; oS ;Ùkk xU/kokZu~ ;ks¼qekgosA

lq;ks/kuL; eks{kk; ç;r/oerfUærk%û10û

vtkr'k=qLrPNªqRok xU/koZL; opLrnkA

eks{k;kekl rku~ lokZu~ xU/kokZu~ ç'k'kalpû13û

fnÔî HkofåcZfyfHk% 'käS% loSZuZfgaflr%A

nqo`ZÙkks /kkrZjkÔªks·;a lkekR;KkfrckU/ko%û14û

vuqKkrkLrq xU/kokZ% ik.Mqiq=s.k /kherkA

lgkIljksfHk% laâÔkfĵ=lsueq[kk ;;q%û17û 66

egkHkkjr esa vusd vtk'k=q ;ks¼kvksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh ;q¼ u rks Vyk vkSj ugha :dkA

blfy, fd nks i{k ,d nwljs ds 'k=q gks x;sA vkt dh HkkSfrdoknh O;oLFkk esa

O;fDr&O;fDRk esa ,d lekt dk nwljs lekt ds lkFk] ,d jkÔª dks nwljs jkÔª ls }s"k O;kIr

gks x;k gS] 'k=qrk gks xbZ gSA dksbZ fdlh dk 'k=q u gks ;g dfBu rks t:j gS ij vlEHko

ughaA orZeku f'k{kk esa ;fn dqNsd çlax ,ssls vk tk,¡ ftuesa Lusg] çse] lsok] d#.kk] n;k dks

LFkku fn;k tk, rks ekuo lekt esa vtk'k=qrk dh iquLFkkZiuk gks ldrh gSA ;g lc

oSKkfud] rduhdh] xykdkV çfr;ksfxrk ls yM+us vkSj ijLij fouk'k ds vpwd mik;ksa dh

f'k{kk ds dkj.k gqvk tks gesa çfrfnu fouk'k dh vksj ys tk jgk gSA

3-16 lerk%

egkHkkjr ds dFkkud dk iwoZorhZ Hkkx lerk ç/kku jgk gSA tc rd ik.Mo ,oa

dkSjoksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk] ikyu&iks"k.k vkfn Hkh"e ds gkFk esa Fkk rc rd iwjk ifjokj leRo

Hkkouk ls ljksckj FkkA fdUrqq ik.Mq dh e`R;q ds ckn /k`rjkÔª iq= eksg esa Qal x;s vkSj

/khj&/khjs ;g Hkko de gksrk x;k ftldk ifj.kke egkHkkjr ds ;q¼ rd igaqp x;kA Hkh"e]

66 . egkHkkjr] ?kks"k ;k=k ioZ ] v- 242A 9&10 ] v- 246] 13&14] 17

---- 131 ----


æks.kkpk;Z o Ïikpk;Z vkfn dkSjo i{k eas yM+s ij ik.Moksa ds çfr muds eu esa Lusg] lerk]

I;kj var rd cuk jgkA ;qf/k×j }kjk ;{k ç'ukas ds mÙkj nsus dk çalx vkt Hkh yksxkas dh

tcku ij Nk;k gqvk gS tgk¡ lHkh HkkbZ;ksa dks vpsrkoLFkk esa ns[kdj ;qf/k×j us dsoy udqy

dks thfor djus dh ckr dh vkSj ;g rdZ Hkh fn;k fd eka dqUrh ds iq=ksa esa ,d eSa thfor gwW

rks ekæh dh Hkh ,d larku thfor jgsA ;{k us muds lerk çse dks ns[kdj lHkh Hkkb;ksa dks

thfor fd;kA ;g fooj.k egkHkkjr ds bu 'yksdksa esa fn;k x;k gS &

';keks ; ,"k jäk{kks c`gPNky boksfRFkr%A

C;w<ksjLdks egkckgqudqyks ;{k ;horqû123û

dqUrh pSo rq ekæh p }s Hkk;sZ rq firqeZeA

mHks liq=s L;krka oS bfr es /kh;rs efr%û131û

;Fkk dqUrh rFkk ekæh fo'ks"kks ukfLr esa r;ks%A

ekr`H;ka lefePNkfe udqyks ;{k thorqû132û 67

;gh n`ÔkUr /kkjkokfgd esa bl çdkj vk;k gS &

;{k & (;qf/kf×j ls) Hkjr Js× rqeus esjs lkjs ç'uksa ds Bhd mÙkj fn;s blfy, bu

pkjksa Hkkb;ksa esa ls ftl ,d dks pkgks og thfor gks ldrk gSA

;qf/kf×j& (;{k ls) ;fn buesa ls ,d gh thfor gks ldrk gS rks gs ;{k eSa vius vuqt

egkohj udqy dks thfor ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A

;{k & (;qf/kf×j ls) gs dqUrh uUnu! Hkhe vkSj vtqZu tSls Hkkb;ksa dks NksM+dj rqeus

udqy dks gh thfor gksus dh bPNk D;ksa dh\

;qf/kf×j & (;{k ls) esjs fy, ekrk dqUrh vkSj ekrk ekæh esa dksbZ vUrj ugha gSA eSa nksuksa

ekrkvksa ds çfr leku Hkko j[krk gw¡A blfy, ;fn eSa Hkhe ;k vtqZu dks

thfor ns[kuk pkgrk rks ;g ekrk ekæh ds lkFk vU;k; gks tkrkA ekrk dqUrh

ds rhu iq=ksa esa ls eSa thfor gw¡ ghA blfy, eSa ekæh ds Hkh ,d iq= dks thfor

ns[kuk pkgrk gwa] fd ekrk ekæh ;s u lksps fd eSaus muds lkFk U;k; ugha

fd;kA blfy, ;fn esjs Hkkb;ksa esa ls dsoy ,d gh thfor gks ldrk gS rks eSa

67 . egkHkkjr] vkj.ks; ioZ ] v- 313A 123&125]124&132

---- 132 ----


vius fç; vuqt udqy dks thfor ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A ;fn ekrk dqUrh dk ,d

iq= thfor gS rks ekrk ekæh ds Hkh ,d iq= dks thfor jguk pkfg,A 68

;g çlax dsoy dFkk crkus ds fy, gh ugha gS vfirq ;g lerkiw.kZ O;ogkj djus dh

f'k{kkiw.kZ çlax gSA lekt vkSj ifjokj esa T;wa gh vU;k;iw.kZ i{kikriw.kZ ,oa fo"ke O;ogkj

gksrk gS mlh le; fo?kVu] }s"k] oSeuL; çkjEHk gks tkrk gS ftldh ifj.kfr 'k=qrk esa gkrh

gSA blhfy, Hkkjrh; tura= esa lHkh tkfr;ksa] o.kks±] oxks±] /keks±] iaFkkas] lEçnk;ksa dks leku

ekurs gq, fof/k ds le{k lekurk dk O;ogkj djus dh O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA

egkHkkjr esa lerk ds vHkko ds dkj.k gh ;q¼ dh uhao iM+hA ;fn nksuksa i{k leku

O;ogkj vkSj leku vkn'kks± ds lkFk jgrs gq, i{kikr iw.kZ vkpj.k ls cprs rks og egklaxzke

ugha gksrkA dgha u dgha yksHk vkSj LOkkFkZ esa Q¡l tkus ,d nwljs dks uhpk fn[kkus ds vuojr

ç;klksa ds dkj.k /k`rjkÔª rFkk nq;ksZ/ku tSlh 'kfDr;ksa dks cy feyrk gSA lEiw.kZ ekuo rU=

vU;k; vkSj v/keZ ds dkj.k fo"kerk dk f'kdkj gksrk gS vkSj ;gh egkHkkjr tSls ;q¼ksa dks

tUe nsrk gSA ;gh vkt dh f'k{kk dh foMEcUkk vkSj =klnh gSA

3-17 f'kÔkpkj%

f'kÔkpkj %&leukFkhZ 'kCn & lH; O;ogkj] Hkyeulkgr] vkSipkfjdrk] uezrk] lnkpj.k]

fou;] vkoHkxrA

Synonyms – Formality, Etiquette, Protocol, Civilised Behavior, Courtesy, Civility,

Code of behavior. 69

egkHkkjr esa dsoy vk;q] in] çfr×k esa NksVs gh f'kÔkpkj ls ugha tqM+s FksA Hkh"e]

æks.kkpk;Z vkfn lHkh us f'kÔkpkj dk ikyu fd;kA fonqj rks f'kÔkpkj ds vorkj gh FksA

dqUrh] ækSinh dh rjg xka/kkjh us lnSo f'kÔkpkj dk ikyu fd;kA ;q¼ esa ik.Moksa us lnSo

f'kÔ O;ogkj çn£'kr fd;kA egkHkkjr&;q¼ ds vkjEHk esa tc nksuksa vksj dh lsuk,¡ ;q¼ ds

fy;s [kM+h Fkha] ml le; ;qf/kf×j us lcls igys 'k=qlsuk ds chp esa tkdj firkeg Hkh"Ek]

vkpk;Z æks.k ,oa Ïikpk;Z rFkk ekek 'kY; ds pj.kksa esa ç.kke fd;k vkSj vk'khokZn ekaxkA bl

lEiw.kZ ?kVukØe dk euksje fp=.k /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa bl çdkj gS &

68 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 55 69 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] prqFkZ [k.M] i`"B la- 1775

---- 133 ----


;qf/kf×j & (Hkh"e firkeg ls) ç.kke firkeg] eSa vkils ;q¼ dh vkKk ysus vk;k gwaA

Hkh"e & (;qf/kf×j ls) fot;Jh Hko iq=A ;qf/kf×j fot;h Hko vkSj rqe eq>ls ;q¼ dh

vkKk ysus u vk;s gksrs iq= rks eSa rqEgsa ijkt; dk Jki ns nsrkA

;qf/kf×j& (Hkh"e firkeg ls) vkidh vkKk fcuk rks eSa 'k=qvksa ls Hkh ;q¼ ugha d:axk

firkeg vkSj ;s ;q¼ rks Lo;a vkils gSA

;qf/kf×j & (xq: æks.kkpk;Z ls) ç.kke xq:oj

æks.kkpk;Z& (;qf/kf×j ls) vk;q"eku HkoA

;qf/kf×j & (æks.kkpk;Z ls) eSa vkidk vk'khokZn ysus vk;k gwaA

;qf/kf×j & (Ïikpk;Z ls) ç.kke dqyxq:

Ïikpk;Z& (;qf/kf×j ls) fotJh Hko%A 70

;qf/kf×j ds bl fou;iw.kZ ,oa f'kÔtuksfpr O;ogkj ls lHkh xq:tu cM+s çlék gq,

vkSj ân; ls mudh fot;&dkeuk dhA Hkkjrh; laLÏfr dk çeq[k vk?kkj gh f'kÔkpkj gSA

xq:dqyksa ds nh{kkUr lekjksg esa ekr` noksHko] fir` nsoksHko] vkpk;Z nsoksHko] vfrfFk nsoksHko

dh f'k{kk nsus dk eq[; dkj.k f'kÔkpkj fu:i.k FkkA fHk{kkVuo`fÙk ds ek/;e ls vgadkj

R;kxdj f'kÔkpkj dk ikyu djus ij cy fn;k tkrk FkkA

egkHkkjr esa Ï".k] ik.Mq i{k ds vfrfjDr Hkh"e] æks.kkpk;Z] Ïikpk;Z ,oa Lo;a

O;klth f'kÔkpkj ds çfreku gSA ,d ek= nq;ksZ/ku ds vf'kÔ O;ogkj rFkk nq%'kklu vkSj d.kZ

ds }kjk lefFkZr frjLdkj iw.kZ O;ogkj ls leLr jktifjokj f[kUu gks x;k Fkk vkSj vUr esa

fouk'k ds :Ik esa mldh ifj.kfr gqbZA ;g dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd vkt dh f'k{kk

O;oLFkk esa f'kÔkpkj dk iw.kZ vHkko gSA f'k{kd] fo|kFkhZ o vfHkHkkod lHkh dk O;ogkj

vf'kÔrkiw.kZ gks x;k gS vkSj blfy, dY;k.kdkjh f'k{kk ,d vdY;k.kdkjh lekt dh vksj

c<+rh tk jgh gS rFkk mldk :Ik Hkh vdY;k.kdkjh gksrk tk jgk gSA

3-18 cU/kq çse%

cU/kqRo%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & ca/kqRo euq";rk dh igpku gSA ca/kqRo ds dkj.k euq"; nwljksa ds

dke vkrk gS vkSj lPpk euq"; curk gSA dfooj eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us fy[kk gS &


---- 134 ----


^;gh i'kq ço`fÙk gS fd vki vki gh pjsA

ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; ds fy, ejsAA*

euq"; ds fy, ejus dh f'k{kk ca/kqRo ls feyrh gSA gekjs eu esa ftuds çfr ca/kqRo Hkko gksrk

gS] mudk gj dÔ gesa viuk yxrk gS] mudh gjlaHko lgk;rk ds fy, ge çfriy lUu¼

jgrs gSA blls Kkr gksrk gS fd ca/kqRo euq"; dks lPpk euq"; cukus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA

blfy, Hkh ekuo lekt esa mldk fo'ks"k egRo gSA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & HkkbZpkjk] ca/kqrk] Hkzkr`Ro] Hkzkr`Hkko] ca/kqHkko] fe=rk] ;kjh] nksLrhA

Synonyms – Brotherhood, Fraternity, Fraternal relationship.71

egkHkkjr dh lekfIr ,oa dkSjoksa ds fouk'k ij ;qf/kf×j dks cgqr Hkkjh nq%[k gqvkA

Hkh"e firkeg us Hkh /keZ dk mins'k nsdj ;qf/kf×j dk 'kksd nwj djus dh psÔk dh ijUrq

Lotu o/k ls gksus okyh Xykfu buds fpÙk ls loZFkk nwj ugha gqbZ FkhA os vius pkjksa Hkkb;ksa

rFkk ækSinh lfgr i`Foh&çnf{k.kk ds mís'; ls dbZ ns'kksa esa ?kwers gq, fgeky; dks ikjdj

es:ioZr dh vksj c<+sA jkLrs esa ækSinh rFkk ;qf/kf×j ds pkjksa HkkbZ ,d&,d djds Øe'k%

fxjrs x;sA nsojkt bUæ jFkij p<+dj ;qf/kf×j dks ysus ds fy;s vk;s vkSj jFk ij p<+ tkus

dks dgkA ;qf/kf×j us vius HkkbZ;kas rFkk ifrçk.kk ækSinh ds fcuk vdsys jFk ij cSBuk

Lohdkj ugha fd;kA bUæ ds ;g fo'okl fnykus ij fd *os yksx rqels igys gh LoxZ esa igq¡p

pqds gSa] rc ;qf/kf×j us jFk ij p<+uk Lohdkj fd;kA buds lkFk ,d dqÙkk Hkh Fkk] ;qf/kf×j us

pkgk fd og dqÙkk Hkh muds lkFk pysA ;g dqÙkk vkSj dksbZ ugha Fkk] Lo;a /keZ gh ;qf/kf×j dh

ijh{kk ds fy;s muds lkFk gks fy;s FksA ;qf/kf×j dh bl vuqie 'kj.kkxr oRlyrk dks

ns[kdj os vius vlyh :Ik esa çdV gq, vkSj ;qf/kf×j dks jFk esa fcBkdj bUæ ,oa vU;

nsorkvksa rFkk nsof"kZ;ksa ds lkFk LoxZ pys x;sA Åij tkrs gq, ;qf/kf×j us nsojkt bUæ ls ;gh

dgk fd *tgk¡ esjs HkkbZ&cU/kq rFkk nsoh ækSinh gks] ogha eq>s ys pfy;s_ ogha tkus ij eq>s

'kkfUr feysxh] vU;= ughaA tgk¡ esjs HkkbZ ugha gSa] og LoxZ Hkh esjs fdl dke dkA* /kU; gS

;qf/kf×j dk cU/kq çse! bls egkHkkjr esa O;kl th us bl çdkj LiÔ fd;k gS &

fda es Hkzkr`foghuL; LoxZs.k lqjlÙkek%A

Hko rs ee LoxksZ uk;a LoxksZ xrks eeû12û 71 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 1248

---- 135 ----


l rhozxU/klarIrks nsonwreqokp gA

xE;rka r= ;s"kka Roa nwrLrs"kkikeqikfUrde~û51û

u ága r= ;kL;kfe fLFkrks·Lehfr fuos|rke~A

eRlaJ;kfnes nwrk% lqf[kuks Hkzkrjks fg esû52û 72

;gh ugha cU/kq çse dk mnkgj.k dkSjo i{k esa Hkh ljkguh; FkkA lkS HkkbZ dkSjokas esa Hkh

vkilh çse dwVdwV dj Hkjk Fkk] os viuh fot; ds fy, ,d nwljs ds fy, ej feVus dks

rRij FksA /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa fofHkUu voljksa ij ewy dFkk dk Hkkoiw.kZ fp=kadu ,oa

vfHku; çLrqr gqvk gSA

dkSjo vkSj ik.Mo nksuksa HkkbZ gksrs gq, Hkh ,d&nwljs ds fojks/kh gks x;s vkSj ;g nks"k

vkt iwjs fo'o esa gSA jkÔª&jkÔª esa] lekt&lekt esa] O;fDr&O;fDRk esa dVqrk rFkk }s"k gksus

ls cU/kqRo dh Hkkouk lekIr gks xbZ gSA lkS dh la[;k gksrs gq, Hkh dkSjo dHkh ,d er ugha gks

ik;s vkSj ikap dh la[;k gksrs gq, ik.Moksa dk ,d er gksuk fot; dk dkj.k cukA vkt dh

lkekftd O;oLFkk esa fo?kVu] ruko rFkk LokFkZ ds ikB i<+k;s tk jgs gSaA yksxksa esa cU/kqRo

Hkko ?kVrk tk jgk gSA

3-19 n;kyqrk%

n;k%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & d:.kk] Ïik] vuqdEik] vuqdks'k] ?k`.kk (uQjr ugha] laLÏr esa

^n;k* gh vFkZ gS)

Synonyms– Charity, Clemency, Commiseration, Compunction, Condolence,

Fellowfeeling, Heart, Humanity, Kindness, Mercy, Pity, Ruth, (Archaic),

Softheartedness, Sorrow, Sympathy, Tenderness, Tenderheartedness. 73

,slk egkHkkjr esa dFkkud vkrk gS fd tc nsojkt bUæ us ;qf/kf×j dks ek;k ls ujd

dk n`'; fn[kk;k vkSj ogk¡ ;qf/kf×j }kjk vius Hkkb;ksa ds djkgus vkSj jksus dh vkokt lqukbZ

nh] lkFk gh mUgksaus yksxksa dks ;g dgrs Hkh lquk fd *egkjkt ! FkksM+k #d tkb;s] vkids ;gk¡

jgus ls gesa ujd dh ihM+k ugha lrkrh* rc ;qf/kf×j ogha #d x;s vkSj tks nsonwr mUgsa ogk¡

72 . egkHkkjr] LoxkZjksg.k ioZ v- 2A 12]51&52 73 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 791

---- 136 ----


ysdj vk;k Fkk] mlls mUgksaus dgk fd *eSa rks ;gha jgwaxk] D;ksafd ;fn esjs ;gk¡ #dus ls ;gk¡

ds thoksa dks lq[k feyrk gS] rks ;g ujd gh esjs fy;s LoxZ ls c<+dj gSA* /kU; n;kyqrk! bl

lanHkZ ds 'yksd ;s gSa &

Hkks Hkks /keZt jkt"ksZ iq.;kfHktu ik.MoA

vuqxzgkFkZeLekda fr× rkoUeqgwrZde~û32û

vk;kfr Rof; nq/kZ"ksZ okfr iq.;% lehj.k%A

ro xU/kkuqxLrkr ;sukLeku~ lq[kekxer~û33û

rs o;a ikFkZ nh/kZL; dkyL; iq:"k"kZHkA

lq[keklknfJ";keLroka n`Ôk jktlÙkeû34û 74

n;k cgknqjksa dk xq.k gS ijUrq iwjs egkHkkjr esa ;qf/kf×j rFkk Ï".k ds leku n;k Hkko

fdlh esa ifjyf{kr ugha gksrkA egkHkkjr esa vf/kdka'k ik= gfFk;kjksa dh Hkk"kk le>rs Fks blh

dkj.k ;g ;q¼ gqvkA ;g Hkh vkt dh f'k{kk dh cgqr cM+h deh gS] blesa lsok] Lusg vkSj

R;kx dh t:jr gksrh gSA

3-20 fe=rk%

fe=rk%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & eS=h] fe=rk] fe=Hkko] esy&tksy] ;kjh] l[;] lkgp;Z] lkSgknZ]

varjaxrkA

Synonyms – Friendship, Friendliness, Friendly attitude, Intimate relationship,

Intimacy, Cordiality, Mutual Regard.75

l[; %& lekukFkhZ 'kCn & fe=rk] eS=h] fe=iu] lf[iu] lkSgkæA

Synonyms – Friendship,Alliance, Affection, Nearness,Closeness.76

xhrk ls bl ckr dk Hkh çek.k feyrk gS fd vtqZu JhÏ".k dks viuk l[kk ekurs Fks

vkSj muds lkFk cjkcjh dk ukrk Hkh j[krs FksA nksuksa dk ,d&nwljs ds vUr%iqj esa Hkh

fu%ladksp vkuk&tkuk] mBuk&cSBuk gksrk Fkk] ,d&nwljs ls fdlh çdkj dk inkZ ugha FkkA

ftl çdkj JhÏ".k vtqZu dks I;kj djrs Fks] mlh çdkj vtqZu Hkh JhÏ".k dks viuk ije

74 . egkHkkjr] LoxkZjksg.k ioZ ] v- 2A 31&34 75 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] prqFkZ [k.M] i`"B la- 1411 76 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la- 1891

---- 137 ----


vkReh; ,oa fgrs"kh le>rs FksA JhÏ".k us Hkh muds çse ds o'khHkwr gksdj ;q¼ esa mudk

lkjF; djuk Lohdkj fd;k FkkA egkHkkjr ;q¼ ds nkSjku dkSjo i{k }kjk pØO;wg esa

vfHkeU;q ds ekjs tkus ij iq= 'kksd ls ihfM+r vtqZu us nwljs fnu lw;kZLr ls igys t;æFk

dks ekj Mkyus dh çfrKk dj yh Fkh vkSj lkFk gh ;g Hkh çfrKk dj yh Fkh fd ^,slk u

dj ldk rks eSa Lo;a tyrh gqbZ vkx esa dwn iMw¡xkA ^ O;kl th us bls bl çdkj çLrqr

fd;k gS &

/kkrZjkÔªfç;dja ef; foLe`rlkSâne~A

ikia ckyo/ks gsrqa 'oks·fLe gUrk t;æFke~û22û

beka pkI;o'ka Hkw;% çfrKka es fucks/krû46û

;|fLeékgrs ikis lw;ksZ·Lreqi;kL;frA

bgSo leçosÔkga Tofyra tkrosnle~û47û

(vlqjlqjeuq";k% if{k.kks oksjxk okA

fir`jtuhpjk ok czãnso"kZ;ksokû)

pjepjeihna ;Rija pkfi rLekr~

rnfi ee fjiqarajf{krqa uSo 'käk%û48û

;fn fo'kfr jlkrya rnX¸zka

fo;nfi nsoiqja fnrs% iqja okA

rnfi 'kj'krSjga çHkkrs

Hk`'kefHkeU;qfjiks% f'kjks·fHkgrkZû49û 77

/kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr dh ;g ewY;ijd vfHkO;fä nwjn'kZu ij bl çdkj çdV gqbZ gS &

vtqZu & (t;æFk ls) t;æFk rqe dy dk lw;kZLr ugha ns[kksxs vkSj ;fn rqe us dy dk

lw;kZLr ns[kk rks eSas vfXu lekf/k ys yawxk A 78

ml fnu JhÏ".k us lkjFkh nk#d dks cqykdj dgk& *nk#d! esjs fy, L=h] fe=

vFkok HkkbZ&cU/kq dksbZ Hkh vtqZu ls c<+dj fç; ugha gSA bl lalkj dks vtqZu ds fcuk eSa ,d

{k.k Hkh ns[k ldrk_ ,slk gks gh ugha ldrkA dy lkjh nqfu;k¡ bl ckr dks tku tk;sxh fd

77 . egkHkkjr] nzks.k ioZ ]çfrKk ioZ v- 73A 22] 49&51 78 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 83

---- 138 ----


eSa vtqZu dk fe= gw¡A rqe viuh cqf¼ esa bl ckr dk fu'p; dj yks fd vtqZu esjk vk/kk

'kjhj gSA esjk fo'okl gS fd vtqZu dy ftu ohjksa dks ekjus dk ç;Ru djsaxs] ogk¡ vo';

mudh fot; gksxhA*

KkL;fUr yksdk% losZ eka lqâna lO;lkfpu%A

;Lra }sfÔ l eka }sfÔ ;Lra pkuq l ekeuqû33û

bfr ladYI;rka cq¼;k 'kjhjk¼sZ eektqZu%A

,dk Êkgee"kZ p loZnq%[kkfu pSo gû40û

Hkzkrq% iSr`"ols;L; O;ius";kfe nk:dA

loksZik;S;Zfr";kfe ;Fkk chHkRlqjkgos û41û

i';rka /kkrZjkÔªk.kka gfu";fr t;æFke~A

;L; ;L; p chHkRlqoZ/ks ;Rua dfj";fr

v'kals lkjFks r= HkforkL; /kqzoks t;%û42û 79

Hkyk] ,sls fe=oRly Ï".k tks vtqZu ds fy, bl çdkj m|r gksa] mldh fot; esa

D;k lansg gks ldrk FkkA nwljs fnu vtqZu us viuh çfrKk iwjh dh vkSj lkjs lalkj us ns[kk

fd JhÏ".k us viuk fe= /keZ fuHkk;k vkSj vtqZu dk cky Hkh ck¡dk ugha gqvkA

tc bUæ }kjk nh xbZ 'kfä dk ç;ksx dj d.kZ us ?kVksRdp dk o/k dj fn;kA ml

le; JhÏ".k dks g¡lrk gqvk ns[kdj Hkhe us dgk Fkk &

Hkhe & (Ï".k ls) rqe esjs ohj iq= ds ohj xfr çkIr gksus ij gal jgs Fks Ï".k!

Ï".k & eSa blds ohj xfr ds çkIr gksus ij ugha gal jgk gwa e>ys HkS;kA eSa rks ;g

lkspdj çlUu gks jgk Fkk fd vkt vtqZu cp x;kA ftl fnu ls ;g ;q¼

vkjEHk gqvk gS mlh fnu ls eSa bl fpUrk esa Fkk fd d.kZ ds ikl bUæ dh 'kfä

gS ftls dksbZ dop ugha jksd ldrk vkSj blfy, eSa dbZ fnuksa rd vtqZu dks

d.kZ ds lkeus ugha vkus ns jgk FkkA vc vki gh crkb;s e>ys HkS;k fd ;g

'kksd dh ?kM+h gS ;k vkuUn dhA vkids iq= us rks ohj vfHkeU;q ls dgha

vf/kd egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k gS vkSj blds fy, vkus okys lkjs ;qx ohj

?kVksRdp dks ç.kke djrs jgsaxsA 80

79 . egkHkkjr] nzks.k ioZ ]çfrKk ioZ v- 79A 32&33]40&43 80 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 86

---- 139 ----


;gh Ï".k dk dkS'ky eS=h Hkko ds thoUr vkn'kZ ekuk Fkk ftlls vtqZu }kjk d.kZ ds

ejus dk ekxZ ç'kLr gks x;kA ;g dk;Z Ï".k dh j.kuhfr dk ,d fgLlk FkkA mUgksaus vtqZu

dh j{kk ds fufeÙk ,slk miØe rS;kj djk;k FkkA bls egjHkkjr esa O;kl th us bl çdkj

LiÔ fd;k gS &

'kfäa ?kVksRdpsuseka O;alf;Rok egk|qrsA

d.ksZ fugresoktkS fof¼ l|ks /kuat;û12û

'kfägLra iqu% d.ksZ dks yksds·fLr iqekfugA

; ,uefHkrLr×sr~ dkfrZds;feokgos û13û 81

JhÏ".k us ;g Hkh cryk;k fd eSaus rqEgkjs fgr ds fy;s tjklU/k] f'k'kqiky vkfn dks

,d&,d djds ejok MkykA ;fn ;s yksx igys u ekjs x;s gksrs rks bl le; cM+s Hk;adj

fl¼ gksrsA ;g fooj.k ?kVksRdp o/k ioZ v/;k; 181 ds 'yksd la- 1 ls 5 rd cM+s gh

ekfeZd <+x ls crk;k x;k gSA 82

bl çdkj ;g fl¼ gksrk gS fd lPpk fe= ogh gS tks ges'kk vius fe= dk Hkyk gh

lkspsA egkHkkjr esa Ï".k lqnkek dh fe=rk ds leku dksbZ vU; mnkgj.k ugha gSA bl fe=rk

esa Hkfä ijd Hkkoksa dk çHkqRo FkkA d.kZ&nq;ksZ/ku dh Hkh fe=rk vuqdj.kh; gS ftlesa R;kx

,oa leiZ.k ds Hkkoksa dh çeq[krk FkhA vtqZu Ï".k dh fe=rk rks fo'o eas vuqdj.kh; gS ghA

egkHkkjr ;q¼ esa la?k"kZ ds le; eS=h Hkko fn[kkbZ rks iM+rs Fks ijUrq dÙkZO; esa ck/kk ugha

curs FksA

fe=rk ,d çkÏfrd xq.k gS vkSj thou dk lcls mnkÙk ewY; gSA blds vHkko esa

fo}s"k vkSj fo?kVu dk tUe gksrk gSA lkekftd] /kkfeZd] vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] HkkSxksfyd]

lkaLÏfrd ewY;ksa esa fo?kVu ds dkj.k eS=h Hkko dk Îkl gksrk gSA Ï".k vkSj vtqZu rFkk

Ï".k vkSj lqnkek dh fe=rk vkt ds ;qx esa ;fn dksbZ lh[k ns ldrh gS rks f'k{kk dk thou

esa lEcU/k lkFkZd gks tkrk gSA

81 . egkHkkjr] nzks.k ioZ ]?kVksRdp o/k v- 180A 1&13 82 . egkHkkjr] nzks.k ioZ ]?kVksRdp o/k v- 181A 1&5

---- 140 ----


3-21 HkäoRlyrk%

HkäoRlyrk] Hkkxor /keZ dk çk.k rRo gSA ;gh bZ'oj ,oa tho ds chp jkxkRed Hkko

dh o`f¼ djrk gSA ækSinh ds phjgj.k çlax esa Ï".k dk vnHkqr Lo:i HkäoRlyrk dks

çnf'kZr djus okyk FkkA egkHkkjr esa xhrk lans'k ds ek/;e ls fn[kk;k x;k lEiw.kZ dyk dk

vorkj HkäoRlyrk dk ifjpk;d FkkA f'k'kqiky] tjkla?k ds o/k Hkh bZ'ojh; :i ds lkis{k

?kfVr ?kVuk,¡ gaSA fonqj ds ?kj 'kkd dk Hkkstu djuk Hkh HkäoRlyrk dk mnkgj.k gSA

bldk fnå'kZu cM+s gh dkS'ky ds lkFk egkHkkjr esa djk;k x;k gSA bl dFkk esa fdruk

lkfRod ,oa ifo= mikyEHk rFkk HkäoRly Hkko dks Hkk"kk nh xbZ gSA ,d vU; çlax Hkh gS

tc ækSinh }kjk nqokZ'kk dks Hkkstu djkus esa Ï".k dh lgk;rk HkäoRlyrk dk mnkgj.k

curk gSA Jh Ï".k dks tc Hkh Hkä dk :i ;kn vk;k os HkäoRly :i esa çdV gq,A

/kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr dk ,d mnkgj.k bl çdkj gS &

ikĳkyh& (;qf/kf×j ls) HkkstuA ---- Hkyk fdlh us dHkh ;s lkspk gksxk fd bUæçLFk ds

lezkV fpUrk esa Hkh iM+ ldrs gSa fd mUgsa ikap ½f"k;ksa dks Hkkstu djokuk gS

vkSj bUæçLFk dh iVjkuh dh jlksbZ esa bl ,d pkoy ds nkus ds vfrfjä

dqN gS gh ughaA (ækSinh Ï".k dk Lej.k djrh gSa) gs Ï".k!

Ï".k & (;qf/kf×j ls) çek.k cM+s HkS;k!

;qf/kf×j& (Ï".k ls) vksg oklqnso!

Ï".k & (;qf/kf×j o vU; ls) yxrk gS vki esjs vkus ls çlUu ughaA

ækSinh & (Ï".k ls) ugha ughaA ;s vkius D;k dg fn;kA gekjs thou esa vkids vkus ds

vfrfjä çlUurk dk dkj.k vc dksbZ jg D;k x;k gSA esjh lqHkæk dSlh gSa\

Ï".k & (ækSinh ls) gwaA igys dqN f[kykvks fQj crkÅaxkA

cM+h Hkw[k yxh gSA

ækSinh & (Ï".k ls) ik= esa pkoy dk ,d nkuk jg x;k gS mlh ls vk/kk vki [kk

fyft, vkSj vk/kk lalkj dks f[kyk nhft,A

---- 141 ----


Ï".k & (ækSinh ls) ;s rks cgqr gS Ï".ksaA (vkSj Ï".k }kjk pkoy [kkrs gh peRdkj gks

tkrk gSA nqokZlk ,oa muds f'k";ksa dk isV Hkj x;k)

nqokZlk ½f"k dk f'k"; & (½f"k nqokZlk ls) cM+s vk'p;Z dh ckr gS ½f"koj fcuk [kk;s gh isV

Hkj x;kA

nqokZlk & (f'k"; ls) ,slk D;ksa dg jgs gSa ½f"koj vHkh rks HkjisV [khj gh [kkbZ gS -----------

dksbZ cqykus vk x;k rks D;k dgksxs\ fudy pyksA 83

;g dFkk egkHkkjr esa vÚqr yhyk ,oa czã e;kZnk dks Hkh n'kkZrh gSA blh rjg

dq:{ks= esa Hkh"e dks ekjus ds fy, Ï".k }kjk pØ vkSj pkcqd ysdj nkSM+uk Hkh HkäoRly

Hkko dks fn[kkrk gSA

uke`";r egkckgqekZ/ko% ijohXgkû55û

mRl`T; jtrç[;ku~ â;ku~ ikFkZL; ekfj"kA

oklqnsoLrrks ;ksxh çpLdUn egkjFkkr~û56û

vfHknqæko Hkh"ea l Hkqtçgj.kksa cyhA

çrksnikf.kLrstLoh flagon~ founu eqgq%û57û

nkj;féko iÚîka l txrha tnh‚j%A

Øks/krkezs{k.k% Ï".kksa ft?kkalqjfer|qfr%û58û

xzlUrfeo psrkafl rkodkuka egkgosA

n`Ôo~k ek/koekØUns Hkh"ek;ks|refUrdsû59û

grks Hkh"eks grks Hkh"eLr= r= opks egr~A

vJw;r egkjkt oklqnsoHk;kr~ rnkû60û 84

/kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr eas bu n`';kas dh cgqr gh HkkokRed çLrqfr gqbZ gS ftls n'kZd

vHkh Hkh Hkwy ugha ik, gaSA

Ï".k dk egkHkkjr esa bZ'ojh; vorkj fn[kk;k x;k gSa vkSj os loZ= vius fe= lsod

;k lg;ksxh dh j{kk djrs gSaA pkgs og cpiu dh ?kVuk,¡ gkas ;k egkHkkjr esa ;q¼ lEcU/kh

?kVuk,¡ fdUrq blds fy, O;fDr esa vU;k; v/keZ vkSj vuhfr ds fy, yM+us dk lkgl gksuk

pkfg,A

83 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 5 84 . egkHkkjr] Hkh"e ioZ ] v- 106A 2&5] 57&60] 63&73

---- 142 ----


3-22 xq# vkKk%

vkKkikyu%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & vkKkdkfjrk] vkKkuqofrZrk] vkKkikydrk] dÙkZO;ijk;.krkA

Synonyms – Obedience, Dutifulness, Compliance, Servility, Subservience.85

tc ik.Mo ,oa dkSjo jktdqekj vL=&fo|k dk vH;kl iwjk dj pqds vkSj xq#

nf{k.kk nsus dk volj vk;k] ml le; xq: æks.kpk;Z us vius f'k";ksa ls dgk& *rqe yksx

ikĳkyjkt æqin dks ;q¼ esa idM+dj yk nks] ;gh esjs fy;s lcls cM+h xq# nf{k.kk gksxh*A

igys vdsys dkSjoksa us ikĳkyjkt ij vkØe.k fd;k Fkk] ijUrq dkSjoksa dks ikĳkyjkt ls

gkjdj ykSVuk iM+k FkkA vUr esa vtqZu us Hkhe vkSj udqy&lgnso dks lkFk ysdj jktk æqin

ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj nqzin dks cUnh cukdj æks.kkpk;Z ds lkeus [kM+k dj fn;k FkkA ,slk

bu 'yksdksaa esa o.kZu gS &

HkhelsuLrnk jktUutZqusu fuokfjr%A

vrÌrks ;q¼/kesZ"kq U;orZr egkcy%û62û

rs ;Klsua nqzina x`ghRok j.kew/kZfuA

miktÎq% lgkekR;a æks.kk; Hkjr"kZHkû63û 86

;g n`ÔkUr /kkjkokfgd esa bl n`';&dFku ls vfHkuhr gS &

dkSjo o ik.Mo & ç.kke xq:nso!

æks.kkpk;Z & xq: nf{k.kk fn;s fcuk f'k{kk lekIr ugha gksrh gS jktdqekjksaA

nq;ksZ/ku& (æks.kkpk;Z ls) vkKk gks rks vkids pj.kksa esa lksus pkanh ds <s+j yxk nwa xq:nsoA

æks.kkpk;Z & czkã.k lksus pkanh ds <+sj ysdj D;k djsxk xka/kkjh uUnuA

;qf/k×j & (æks.kkpk;Z ls) xq: nf{k.kk esa ge vius çk.k Hkh ns ldrs gSa xq:nso

æks.kkpk;Z & çk.k rks oks eakxs dqUrhuUnu ftlds Lo;a çk.k u gksA

;qf/k×j & (æks.kkpk;Z ls) rks fQj vkKk nhft, xq:nsoA

æks.kkpk;Z & eSa pkgrk gwa fd rqees ls dksbZ tkdj egkjkt nqzin dks ;¼ esa gjk;s vkSj cUnh

cukdj esjs lkeus yk,A------------------

85 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 693 86 . egkHkkjr] vkfn ioZ ]laHko ioZ ] v- 137A 62&63

---- 143 ----


(ikapksa ik.Mo ;q¼ Hkwfe esa æqin dks gjk nsrs gSa rFkk vtqZu æqin dks cUnh cukrk gS vkSj -----)

vtZqu & (æqin ls) eSa vkidks vkpk;Z æks.k ds uke ij cUnh cukrk gw¡A (æqin dks cUnh

cukdj vkpk;Z ds le{k yk;k x;k) 87

bl çdkj vtqZu ds ijkØe o xq# vkKk dh loZ= çla'kk dh x;hA /kU; gS ,sls f'k";

tks xq# dh vkKkikyu esa vius çk.kksa dks ladV esa Mky nsaA egkHkkjr eas ,dyO; dh dFkk

Hkh xq:vkKk dk mnkgj.k gS tc mlus viuk vxwaBk nf{k.kk esa fn;k FkkA egkHkkjr esa vusd

volj ,sls gaS tgka xq:vkKk dk ikyu çk.kksa dh ijokg fd;s fcuk fd;k x;kA

xq: dk LFkku f'k{kk esa lnSo gh loksZifj jgk gSA Nk= dsfUær f'k{kk ds uke ij xq:

dks misf{kr dj fn;k x;k bfly, lEiw.kZ f'k{kk rU= /oLr gks x;k dksbZ ekxZn'kZd ugha jgk

xq: dh mis{kk orZeku lekt esa thou dk dqQy Hkksxus ds fy, ck/; dj jgh gSA Nk=

ckSf¼d lEiUurk rks çkIr dj ik jgk gS ij thou esa O;kogkfjd ewY;ksa dh deh ds dkj.k

og egkHkkjr ds vtZqu dh rjg nqfo/kk] çekn rFkk vKkurk ds tky esa Q¡lk gqvk gSA mls

Ï".k tSlk xq: u rks fey jgk gS vkSj u gh og ryk'k dj ik jgk gSA og lUnsg vkSj Hkze ds

dkj.k mfpr vuqfpr dk Hksn ugha dj ik jgk gSA

3-23 pfj=%

Pkfj=%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & pkypyu] lnkpj.k] vkpj.k] O;ogkjA

Synonyms – Character, Mettle, Nature, Temperament, Disposition. lPpfj=rk%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & lPpfj= dk vU; lekukFkhZ 'kCn lnkpj.k] lUekxZxkeh]

ln~cqf¼ okys O;fä ds vFkZ esa fd;k tkrk gSA

lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & lnk'k;rk] lnkpkj] ln~O;ogkj] usdpyu] ifo=rkA

Synonyms – Virtuous conduct, Good behavior, Morality, Truthfulness, Virtuousness,

Sincerity.88

lnkpj.k ,oa mnkÙk pfj= dk ifjp; ,d dFkkud esa nsf[k, & fojkV&uxj esa

vKkrokl dh vof/k iwjh gks tkus ij tc ik.Moksa us vius dks jktk fojkV ds lkeus çdV

fd;k] ml le; fojkV ujs'k us ÏrKrko'k viuh iq=h mÙkjk dqekjh dk vtqZu ls fookg

87 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 25 88 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 693

---- 144 ----


djuk pkgk] ijUrq vtqZu us muds bl çLrko dks ;g dgdj Lohdkj ugha fd;k f dog rks

mldh f'k";k] iq=h gSA O;kl th fy[krs gSa &

mÙkjka çfrx`÷krq lO;lkph /kuat;%A

v;a ákSif;dks HkrkZ rL;k% iq:"klÙke%û34û

,oeqäks /keZjkt% ikFkZeS{kn~ /kuat;e~A

bZf{krĵktqZuks Hkzk=k eRL;a opueczohr~û35û

çfrx`÷kE;ga jktu~ Luq"kka nqfgrja roA

;qäĵkpka fg lEcU/kks eRL;Hkkjr;ksjfiû36û 89

bls O;kl th us vkSj LiÔ djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd tc fojkV ujs'k us viuh iq=h vtqZu dks

nsuh pkgh rks vtqZu us dgk fd gs jktu eSa jktdqekjh dks lnk viuh iq=h ds :i esa ns[krk

vk;k gw¡A jktdqekjh us Hkh ml ij firk dh Hkk¡fr fo'okl gSA ;|fi jktdqekjh vtqZu ls çsse

rks cgqr djrh Fkh] ijUrq lnk mls xq# gh ekurh vk;h gSA vtqZu us jktdqekjh dks iq=o/kw

ds :i esa gh oj.k djuk pkgkA ;gh vk;Z laLÏfr esa pkfjf=d 'kq¼rk gSA vtqZu ds bl

ifo= Hkko dh lc yksxksa us ç'kalk dh vkSj mÙkjk vfHkeU;q dks C;kgh x;hA ;g egkHkkjr esa

bl çdkj o£.kr gS &

fdeFkZs ik.MoJs× Hkk;ksZ nqfgrja eeA

çfrxzghraq useka Roa e;k nÙkkfegsPNflû1û

vUr%iqjs·geqf"kr% lnk i';u~ lqrka roA

jgL;a p çdk'ka p foĵLrk firòUef;û2û

Luq"kk;ka nqfgrqokZfi iq=s pkRefu ok iqu%A

vék 'kÁka u i';kfe rsu 'kqf¼HkZfo";frû6û

vfHk'kkiknga Hkhrks feF;koknr~ ijariA

Luq"kkFkZeqÙkjka jktu~ çfrx`÷kfe rs lqrke~û7û 90

89 . egkHkkjr] fojkV ioZ ]oSokfgd ioZ] v- 71A 34&36 90 . egkHkkjr] fojkV ioZ ]oSokfgd ioZ] v- 72A 1&7

---- 145 ----


bu 'yksdksa dk lanHkZ /kkjkokfgd esa dqN bl çdkj vk;k gS

fojkV ujs'k &(vtqZu ls) æks.k f'k"; us esjs iq= dks thounku fn;k gS blfy, eSa vius Lusg

ij vkidks gLrk{kj ds :i esa viuh iq=h muds HkasV djus dk lkSHkkX; çkIr

djuk pkgrk gw¡A

vtqZu & (fojkV ujs'k ls) mÙkjk] mÙkjk esjh f'k";k gS] egkjkt esjh f'k";k! eSusa mlesa

lnSo viuh iq=h dk :i ns[kk gS ijUrq eSa vkidk iqjLdkj vLohdkj Hkh rks

ugha dj ldrkA ;fn jktdqekjh dks dksbZ vkifÙk uk gks rks eSa mUgsa viuh

iq=o/kw ds :i esa Lohdkj djrk gw¡A esjk iq= JhÏ".k dk pgsrk gS] vkSj gs

jktu~] ;fn lkjs lalkj ds egkjFkh ,d= gks tk,¡ rks esjk iq= vfHkeU;q mu

lkjs egkjfFk;ksa esa vius rst }kjk nwj ls igpkuk tkrk gSA 91

pkfjf=d 'kq¼rk dk Hkko lHkh ik.Mo Hkkb;ksa esa FkkA ;g ;ks¼k] ohj] rFkk {kf=; /keZ ds

vuqdwy gSA Hkhe us fgfMEck ds lkFk gh fookg fd;kA og vo'; gh ml volj dk nq:i;ksx

dj ldrk FkkA æzkSinh }kjk dqUrh ds vuk;l dgs x, opuksa dk thou i;ZUr vknj Hkh

pkfjf=d mPpkn'kks± dk çrhd gSA Hkh"e tSlk cgknqj uk;d Hkh czãp;Z vkSj ln~pfj=rk dk

thoUr çek.k gSA

o;Ld Nk=ksa rFkk Nk=kvksa ds f'k{kdksa dks blls f'k{kk ysuh pkfg;sA vtZqu dk ,d

vkn'kZ O;fäRo FkkA muds pfj= ij ge ftruk gh fopkj djrs gSa] mruk gh ge mls vkSj

vf/kd lEekuuh;] vkn'kZ ,oa f'k{kkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ ikrs gSaA

pfj= vkSj e;kZnk iw.kZ vkpj.k ekuo lekt dks thoUr cukrs gSaA ,d vksj nq;ksZ/ku

dk pfj= nwljh vksj ;qf/kf×j dk vkpj.k nksuksa esa la?k"kZ gqvkA ækSinh ds lkFk ?kVh dqfRlr

?kVuk us lEiw.kZ gfLrukiqj dks tks pqukSrh nh mldk ifj.kke fouk'k ds :Ik esa çkIr gqvkA

vkt dh f'k{kk esa lnkpj.k vkSj lPpspfj= dk iw.kZr;k vHkko gSA yksx orZeku le; esa

nwjn'kZu ;k vU; pSuyksa ij çlkfjr ,sls /kkjkokfgdksa dks T;knk ilUn dj jgs gaS ftlesa

euksjatu ds uke ij nq'pfj= thou ds dFkkud fn[kk;s tk jgs gSaA ;gh gekjs lekt dks

xrZ vkSj vU/kdkj esa ys tk jgs gSaA


---- 146 ----


3-24 fu"dke lsok&Hkko%

Lksok%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & lsok] lqJw"kk] Vgy] mikluk] Hk`fr] ukSdjh] o`fÙk] mipkjA

Synonyms – Service, Attendance, Free or voluntary service, Ministration, Waiting

upon.

Lksoko`fÙk%&lekukFkh 'kCn & Hk`R;rk] pkdjh] f[kner] lqJw"kk] ifjp;kZA

Synonyms – Service, Help, Assistance, Attendance. 92

Hkkjrh; laLÏfr esa lsokHkko x`gLFk thou dk lcls ifo= /keZ] deZ ekuk tkrk Fkk

ijUrq vkt lHkh yksx ldke lsokHkkoh gaSA egkHkkjr esa dqUrh] ækSinh vkfn us lnSo ifjtuksa

;k cM+ksa dh lsok fu"dke Hkko ls dhA æks.kkpk;Z dh iRuh vkJe ds f'k";ksa dh lnSo lsok

djrh FkhA xq:ekrk gksrs gq, Hkh muesa lsok dk dksbZ çfrQy ysus dh pkg ugha FkhA ouokl

ds dBksj fnuksa esa Hkh ik.Mo vfrfFk lsok dks viuk /keZ le>rs jgsA d.kZ Hkh nkuohjrk ds

lkFk&lkFk egku lsokHkkoh FkkA xka/kkjh Hkh lsokHkkoh rFkk /keZijk;.k jktefg"kh FkhA

dqUrh dh cpiu dh czkã.k&lsok muds fy; cM+h dY;k.kçn fl¼ gqbZ vkSj blh ls

thou esa la;e] lnkpkj] R;kx ,oa lsokHkko dh uhao iM+hA vkxs tkdj bu xq.kksa dk muds

vUnj vH;qn; ,oa fodkl gqvkA dqUrh ds vUnj fu"dke Hkko dk fodkl Hkh cpiu ls gh

gks x;k Fkk mUgksaus cM+h rRijrk ,oa yxu ds lkFk ,d egkRek czkã.k dh lsok dh Fkh ftlls

çlék gksdj mlus dgk Fkk &^csVh ! eSa rsjh lsok ls cgqr çlUUk gawA eq>ls dksbZ oj ekax ysA^

dqUrhus dgk&^Hkxou~! vki vkSj firkth eq> ij çlUu gSaA esjs lc dk;Z rks blh ls lQy

gks x;sA

lk fu;qäk firqxsZgs nsorkfrfFkiwtusA

mxza i;Zpjr~ r= czkã.ka laf'krozre~û4û

fuxw<fuĵ;a /kesZ ;a ra nqokZlla fonq%A

reqxza laf'krkRekua loZ;rÄSjrks"k;r~û5û 93

vc eq>s ojksa dh dksbZ vko;drk ugha gSA^ ,d vYi&o;Ld ckfydk ds vUnj

foy{k.k lsok Hkko ds lkFk&lkFk ,slh fu"dkerk dk la;ksx ef.k&dkĳu&la;ksx ds leku

92 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la- 2195&2196]2198 93 . egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ ] v- 110A 4&5

---- 147 ----


FkkA gekjs ns'k dh ckfydkvksa ds fy, dqUrh dk ;g vkn'kZ fu"dke lsok&Hkko fu'p; gh

vuqdj.kh; gSA

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr esa lsokHkko dks cgqr de LFkku fey ik;k gSA LokFkZ jfgr lsok djus

dk Hkko ;fn etcwr jgrk rks egkHkkjr dk ;q¼ gh ugha gksrkA d.kZ dh nkuohjrk] ækSinh ds

v{k; ik= dh ?kVuk rFkk Hkhe }kjk ouokl ds le; cdklqj ds o/k dh ?kVuk dks NksM+dj

,sls de gh n`ÔkUr gS ftlesa fu"dke lsok Hkko ds ewY; fu:ifr fd;s x;s gkas vkt dh f'k{kk

esa budh furkUr vko';drk gSA

3-25 czãp;Z%

czãp;Z%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & dkSek;Z] czãp;Z] ozrA

Synonyms – Life of celibacy, Unmarried state, Chastity, Sexual abstinence, Continence,

Bachelorhood.94

egkHkkjr ds çfl¼ dFkkud dh oa'k ijEijk esa egkjkt ik.Mq ls dqUrh dk fookg

gqvk FkkA egkjkt ik.Mq cM+s gh /kekZRek FksA buds }kjk ,d ckj Hkwy ls e`x:i/kkjh fdUne

eqfu dh fgalk gks x;hA ,slk mYYs[k gS fd eqfu us mUgsa 'kki ns fn;k Fkk ftlls mudh Hkh

dky Øekuqlkj e`R;q gqbZA mudh iRuh nsoh dqUrh cM+h ifrozrk FkhaA os Hkh vius ifr ds lkFk

bfUæ;ksa dks o'k esa djds rFkk dketU; lq[k dks fryk‘fy nsdj ou esa jgus ds fy;s rS;kj

gks x;haA rc ls bUgkssaus thou i;ZUr fu;eiowZd czãp;Z&ozr dk ikyu fd;k vkSj la;e

iwoZd jghaA bldk fooj.k egjHkkjr ds laHko ioZ ds v/;k; 118] esa 'yksd la 28&29 esa gSA

orZeku le; esa czãp;Z dk vFkZ ladqfpr :i ls le>k tk jgk gSA yksx çk;% fookg

u djus ;k larku mRiUu u djus dks gh czãp;Z ekurs gSa ijUrq ,slk ugha gSA lkalkfjd vkSj

x`gLFk thou esa jgrs gq, Hkh O;fä vkgj&fogkj] vkpkj&fopkj dk ikyu dj dke Øks/kkfn

nks"kksa ij fu;a=.k dj ysrk gS rks mls Hkh czãpkjh le>uk pkfg,A ;fn fookg ;k larku u

gksuk gh czãp;Z gksrk rks lalkj ds lHkh fdUuj czãpkjh gks tkrsA blfy, czãpkjh 'kCn dks

lgh vFkks± esa le>uk pkfg,&^czãa çfr vkpjfr bfr* vFkkZr~ tks czãRo dk vkpj.k djsaA

Hkh"e] æks.kkpk;Z] Ïikpk;Z] Ï".k] vtqZu] ik.Mokfn egku ;ks¼kvksa esa cãp;Z ds xq.k FksA

94 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 1270

---- 148 ----


nq%'kklu] d.kZ] nq;ksZ/ku esa vlhe ijkØe Fkk fdUrq os okluk] Øks/k ds o'khHkwr jgrs Fkss

blfy, os cãpkjh dh dksfV esa ugha FksA egkHkkjr esa ek= Hkh"e dks czãpkjh ds :i esa

fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA bl o`fÙk dks n`';kdau esa ugha yk;k tk ldrkA Hkh"e rks ckycãpkjh

Fks ghA czãp;Z ikyu ds dkj.k gh mudk uke nsoozr ls Hkh"e iM+k tc mUgksaus vktUe

vfookfgr jgus dh çfrKk dh FkhA

czzãp;Z thou dk lcls mRÏÔ ewY; gSA Hkh"e ds vfrfjDRk] æks.kkpk;Z] Ïikpk;Z]

Ï".k vkfn esa czãp;Z ds xq.k FksA nq%'kklu] d.kZ vkSj nq;ksZ/ku esa Hkh ;g xq.k Fks fdUrq Øks/k

vkSj okluk ds dkj.k mudh viuh eukso`fÙk;ksa ij fu;U=.k ugha FkkA blfy, ijkØe ds

xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksdj Hkh os yksx ijkHko ds f'kdkj gq,A vkt Ik;kZoj.k dh fo"kerk vkSj

vlqj{kk ls çkIr [kku&iku] vkgkj&fogkj rFkk fnup;kZ ds vlUrqyu ls yksxksa esa czãp;Z

o`fÙk dk vHkko gks x;k gSA

3-26 lkgl%

lkgl%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & fgEer] ijkØe] cgknqjh] fnysjh] tk¡ckth] mRlkg] 'kwjrk] ohjrkA

Synonyms – Courage, Fearlessness, Dauntlessness, Boldness, Bravery, Daring, Valour,

Guts.95

egkHkkjr dFkk dh eq[; ukf;dk ,oa ik=k ækSinh esa {kf=;ksfpr rst vkSj Hkäksfpr

{kek&nksuksa dk vÚqr lfEeJ.k FkkA mlds ifrozr dk rks lHkh yksx yksgk ekurs FksA ækSinh

dks tc nq%'kklu cky [khaprs gq, lHkk esa ?klhVdj yk;k] ml le; mlus lkgl iwoZd lHkh

lHkklnksa dks yydkj dj muls U;k; dh vihy dh Fkh vkSj mUgsa /keZ dh nqgkbZ nsdj ;g

iwNk fd tc ;qf/kf×j us vius dks gkjdj ihNs eq>s nk¡o ij yxk;k D;k mUgsa ækSinh dks nkao

ij yxkus dk vf/kdkj Fkk ;k ugha\ lc&ds&lc lHkkln pqi jgsA fdlh ls ækSinh ds bl

ç'u dk mÙkj nsrs ugha cukA ækSinh ds ,sls lkgfld dne ns[kus ls ;g fl¼ gksrk gS fd

pkgs fdruh Hkh dfBu ifjfFkfr;k¡ D;ksa u gks tk,¡ U;k; dh vihy vius vf/kdkj iwoZd

djuh pkfg, & ;g ckr egkHkkjr esa bl :i esa o£.kr gS &

bna Rodk;sZ dq:ohje/;s

95 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] iĳe [k.M] i`"B la- 2134

---- 149 ----


jtLoyka ;r~ ifjd"kls eke~A

u pkfi dfĵr~ dq:rs·= dqRlka

/kzqoa rosna ereH;qisrk%û39û

f/kxLrq uÔ% [kyq Hkkjrkuka

/keZLrFkk {k=fonka p o`Ùke~A

;= árhrka dq:/keZosyka

isz{kfUr losZ dqjo% lHkk;ke~û40û

æks.kL; Hkh"eL; p ukfLr lÙoa

{kÙkqLrFkSokL; egkReuks·fiA

jkKLrFkk ghee/keZeqxaz

u y{k;Urs dq:o`¼eq[;k%û41û 96

bl çlax dk cM+k gh ek£ed ,oa ân; fonkjd n`'; /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr dh dM+h

la- 48 esa bl çdkj Hkjh jktlHkk esa vlEekfur gksus ij ækSinh Hkh"e ls dgrh gS &

ækSinh & vk¡[ksa >qdkuk bl leL;k dk lek/kku ugha gS firkegA eSa vkidh dqyo/kw

ækSinh ,d oL= esa fyiVh gqbZ ½rq Luku fd;s fcuk bl Hkjh dq: lHkk esa

vkidks ç.kke djrh gw¡ vkSj ;s tkuuk pkgrh gw¡ fd vki eq>s vkt D;k

vk'khokZn nsaxsaA vki rks T;s× dq: gSa] egkohj gSa] Js× fo}ku gaS] crkb;s] D;k

vkius dsoy dq: flagklu dh j{kk dk opu fy;k Fkk\ D;k dq: e;kZnk dk

dksbZ egRo ugha\ vki tSls egkiq:"k] 'kwjohj dks bl rjg ls eq¡g fNikuk

'kksHkk ugha nsrk firkegA vkids eq¡g ls fu.kZ; lqudj eSa pqi gks tkÅ¡xh---- esjh

vksj nsf[k;s firkeg! tc eSusa igyh ckj vkids pj.k Nq, Fks rks vkius eq>s

lkSHkkX;orh gksus dk vk'khokZn fn;k FkkA vius ml vk'khokZn dh n'kk nsf[k;s]

vki iki ds o`{k dh Nk;k esa cSBs gSa firkeg! mB tkb;s ---- eSa vius ç'uksa dk

mÙkj ekax jgh gw¡ firkeg ;s ç'u dsoy ækSinh ugha dj jgh gSA ;s ç'u dj

jgh gS ukjh tkfr] ;s ç'u dj jgh gS i`Foh tks gj çk.kh dh eka gSA ;s ç'u dj

96 . egkHkkjr] |wr ioZ ] v- 67A 31] 38&41

---- 150 ----


jgk gS bl ns'k dk Hkfo"; ftls vkids iwoZt pØorhZ egkjkt Hkjr ls viuk

uke feyk gSA eq>s ekxZn'kZu djkb;s xaxkiq= Hkh"e firkegA

Hkh"e & (ækSinh ls cM+h d:.kk ls) iq=h !

ækSinh & (Hkh"e ls cM+s xqLls ls) ugha eSa vkils ukrksa dh ckr ugha dj jgh gw¡ firkegA

ml vieku dh ckr dj jgh gw¡ tks fi?ky dj vklwa cu esjh vka[kksa ls cg

jgk gSA ;fn ifRu ifr dh lEifr gksrh gS rks tc esjs ifr vius dks gkjs mlds

lkFk eq>s Hkh gkj x;s rks fQj eSa nkao ij dSls yxh vkSj ;fn ifRu ifr dh

lEifr ugha gks rks esjs ifr esjh vkKk fy, fcuk eq>s nkao ij dSls yxk ldrs

gSaA bl oa'k dh e;kZnk bl fo"k; esa D;k dgrh gS\ 97

Øks/k ls ifjiqÔ lkgl us Hkjroa'k dh psruk dks >d>ksj fn;kA dqUrh esa vÚqr lkgl

Fkk] xka/kkjh esa Hkh lkgl dh deh ugha FkhaA egkHkkjr ds lHkh ohj ;ks¼kvkas esa lkgl ,oa

ohjrk dk xq.k FkkA d.kZ] nq;ksZ/ku] nq%'kklu vkfn ds lkgl Hkh egkHkkjr esa n`fÔxr gq, gSA

{kf=;ksa esa] ohjks esa ;fn lkgl u gks rks mUgsa ;q¼ esa fot; dh vk'kk gh ugha djuh pkfg,A

lkgl çk;% ml o`fÙk dks dgrs gaS tks vlR; vkSj v/keZ ds fojks/k esa U;k; dh j{kk ds

fy, viuk;k tk,A egkHkkjr dk gj ik= lkglh gS ijUrq foosd ds vHkko esa og vekuoh;

O;ogkj dj nsrk gS egkHkkjr esa çk;% 'kkjhfjd ijkØe dks gh lkgl ds :Ik esa ns[kus okys

;ks¼kvksa dks ijkt; gh feyh vkSj tks fof/k lEer] foosd lEer] lkgl dk ifjp; ns

ldrk mlesa ;qf/kf×j] Ï".k ;gk¡ rd fd ækSinh dk Hkh uke fy;k tk ldrk gSA

3-27 fuHkhZdrk%

fuHkZ;rk%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & fuHkhZdrk] fuHkZ;rk dk lekukFkhZ 'kCn gSA vHk; Hkh bldk ,d

:i gSA lkgl vkSj ohjrk Hkh blh fuHkZ;rk dk fo/;kRed :Ik gSA fuHkZ;rk rks Lor%

fu"ks/kkRed 'kCn gS & Hk; dkA tks Hk;eqä gks] og fuHkhZd ;k fuHkZ; dgykrk gS vkSj ;g rc

rd lEHko ugha gS] tc rd mlesa lkgl] 'kkS;Z] oh;Z vkfn xq.k u gksaA Hk; rks xq.k ugha] nks"k

gSA vr% fuHkZ;rk nks"kjkfgR; gS vkSj çdkjkUrj ls xq.k cuk gSA ij lkgl] 'kkS;Z rks Lor% xq.k


---- 151 ----


gSA vr% tks fuHkhZd gS] og igys lkglh vkSj ohj gkssxk] rHkh fuHkhZdrk] fuHkZ;rk mlesa vk

ldsxhA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & fuMjrk] fujkinrk] lkgfldrk] vHk;A

Synonyms– Fearlessness, Undauntedness, Courage, Boldness, Dauntlessness,

Indomitableness. 98

vius ckyksa dk nq%'kklu ds }kjk Hkjh lHkk esa [khapk tkuk] ækSinh dHkh ugha Hkqyk

ik;h FkhaA tc JhÏ".k ik.Moksa dh vksj ls lfU/k dk çLrko ysdj gfLrukiqj tkus yxs] ml

le; Hkh ækSinh vius vieku dh ckr ugha Hkwyh vkSj fuHkhZd gksdj mlus vius yEcs [kqys

ckyksa dks gkFk esa ysdj JhÏ".k ls dgk&*JhÏ".k! rqe lfU/k djus tk jgs gks lks rks Bhd gS

ijUrq rqe esjs bu [kqys ds'kksa dks u Hkwy tkukA* ækSinh us rks ;gk¡ rd dg fn;k fd ;fn

ik.Moksa dh ;q¼ djus dh bPNk ugha gS rks dksbZ ckr ugha_ esjs o`¼ firk dkSjoksa ls laxzke

djsaxs rFkk vfHkeU;q ds lfgr esjs ikapksa cyh iq= muds lkFk tw>saxsA egkHkkjr esa ;g çlax

bl çdkj vk;k gS &

v;a rs iq.Mjhdk{k nq%'kkludjks¼`r%A

LerZO;% loZdk;sZ"kq ijs"kka laf/kfePNrkû36û

;fn HkhektqZukS Ï".k Ïi.kkS laf/kdkeqdkSA

firk es ;ksRL;rs o`¼% lg iq=SeZgkjFkS%û37û

iĳ pSo egkoh;kZ% iq=k esa e/kqlwnuA

vfHkeU;qa iqjLÏR; ;ksRL;Urs dq:fHk% lgû38û 99

gfLrukiqj esa tc JhÏ".k Hkh nq;ksZ/ku dks le>kdj gkj x;s rc /k`rjkÔª us xkU/kkjh

dks cqykdj mlls dgk fd *vc rqe vius iq= nq;ksZ/ku dks le>kvksA og ge yksxksa esa ls

fdlh dh ckr ugha lqurkA* ifr dh ;g ckr lqudj xkU/kkjh us fuHkZ; gksdj vius ifr ls

dgk&* jktu~ ! vki iq= ds eksg esa Q¡ls gq, gks] blfy;s bl fo"k; esa lcls vf/kd nks"kh rks

vki gksA vki ;g tkudj Hkh fd nq;ksZ/ku cM+k ikih gS] vki mldh cqf¼ ds ihNs pyrs jgs

gSaA vkius bl ew[kZ] nqjkRek] dqlÂh vkSj yksHkh iq= dks fcuk dqN lksps&le>s jkT; dh

ckxMksj lkaSi nh_ mlh dk vki ;g Qy Hkksx jgs gSaA vkt vius ?kj esa tks QwV iM+ jgh gS]

98 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 942]944&945 99 . egkHkkjr] m|ksx ioZ] Hkxo/kku ioZ] v- 82A 1&6] 10&11] 22&24

---- 152 ----


vki mldh mis{kk fd;s pys tk jgs gSaA ,slk djds vki ik.Moksa dh n`fÔ esa vius&vkidks

gkL;kLin cuk jgs gksA O;kl th us egkHkkjr esa bls bl çdkj vafdr fd;k gS &

Roa ások= Hk`'ka xáksZ /k`rjkÔª lqrfç;%û11û

;ks tkuu~ ikirkeL; rRçKkeuqorZlsA

l ,"k dkeeU;qH;ka çyC/kks yksHkekfLFkr%û12û

v'kD;ks·|Ro;k jktu~ fofuorZf;rqacykr~A

jkÔªçnkus ew<L; ckfy'kL; nqjkReu%û13û

nq%lgk;L; yqC/kL; /k`rjkÔªks·'uqrs Qye~A

dFka fg Lotus Hksneqis{ksr efgifr%A

fHkéka fg Lotusu Roka çgfl";fUr 'k=o%û14û 100

nwjn'kZu ij /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa ;g çlax bl çdkj fn[kk;k x;k gS &

/k`rjkÔª & (xkU/kkjh ls) ijUrq egkjkt fofp=oh;Z dk T;s× iq= eSa gwa! eSa blfy,---

XkkU/kkjh & (/k`rjkÔª ls) tks vU;k; ugha Fkk mls vU;k; dgrs dgrs dc Fkdsaxs vk;Ziq=A

tks gqvk ogh Bhd Fkk vkSj ogh gksuk Hkh pkfg, FkkA ;fn vki rc jktk cu

x, gksrs rks vkt vki tSls nq;ksZ/ku ds o'k esa gSa] oSls fdlh vksj ds o'k esa

jgrsA blfy, vk;Ziq= ,d ckj jktk cudj nsf[k, vkSj og fu.kZ; fyft,

tks ,d jktk dks 'kksHkk nsrk gSA 101

,d vkn'kZ iRuh xka/kkjh }kjk vius ifr dks bl çdkj vius ifr jktk o vius iq= ds fy,

dgh xbZ dM+oh ckr fuHkhZd] fu"i{k] fgrHkjh] uhfriw.kZ] vkSj lPph FkhA

lat; egkjkt /k`rjkÔª ds eU=h Fks tks cM+s LokfeHkä] cqf¼eku~] uhfrK] /keZK]

lR;oknh gksus ds lkFk lkFk fuHkhZd Hkh FksA os nq;kZs/ku ds vR;kpkjksa dk iqjtksj çfrokn djrs

Fks vkSj mudk leFkZu djus ij /k`rjkÔª dks Hkh QVdkj fn;k djrs FksA tc ik.Mo nwljh

ckj tq, esa gkjdj ou esa jgus yxs] ml le; bUgksaus ik.Moksa ds lkFk nq;ksZ/ku ds vuqfpr

crkZo dh dM+h vkykspuk djrs gq, /k`rjkÔª ls dg fn;k Fkk fd êgkjkt! vc ;g fuf'pr gks

100 . egkHkkjr] m|ksx ioZ] Hkxo/kku ioZ] v- 129A 11&15 101 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 67

---- 153 ----


x;k gS fd vkids dqy dk rks uk'k gksxk gh] lkFk gh fujhg çtk Hkh u cpsxhA ,slk fuUnuh;

deZ nqÔ nq;ksZ/ku ds vfrfjä vkSj dksbZ ugha dj ldrk FkkA

vokI; olqlEiw.kksZ olq/kka olq/kkf/kiA

çozkT; ik.Moku~ jkT;kn~ jktu~ fdeuq'kkspflû3û

v'kksPoRoa dqrLrs"kka ;s"kka oSja Hkfo";frA

ik.MoS;qZ¼'kkS.MSfg± cyofÚeZgkjFkS%û4û

rosna LoÏra jktu~ egn~ oSjeqifLFkre~A

fouks'kks ;su yksdL; lkuqca/kksa Hkfo";frû5û 102

,d fuHkhZd eU=h tks vius jktk ds lkeus ;qojkt ds çfr bruh dM+oh fdUrq lPPkh

ckr dg ldrk gS ogh lat; us Hkh dgh FkhA

tks vU;k; ds fo:¼ Hk;eqDr gksdj [kM+k gksrk gS mls fuHkhZd dgrs gaSA lEiw.kZ

egkHkkjr esa fufHkZdrk ds dbZ mnkgj.k gS ijUrq lfU/k çLrko ds le; Ï".k dk O;fDrRo]

;q¼ ds le; ;ks¼kvksa dk O;fDRkRo] phjgj.k ds le; ækSinh dk O;fDRkRo vkSj egkHkkjr ds

vUr esa xnk;q¼ ds le; nq;ksZ/ku dk O;fDrRo fuHkhZdrk ds mnkgj.k gSaA vkt dh f'k{kk

iw.kZr;k misf{kr gS blfy, fo|kFkhZ f'k{kk xzg.k djus ds ckn Hkh vius dks detksj vkSj

fucZy eglwl djrs gaSA vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd f'k{kd vkRefo'okl vkSj vkRecy

ls dke ysaA

3-28 ifrozrk%

ikfrozR;%&lekukFkhZ ç;ksx & vejdks'kdkj us lqpfj=k] lrh] lk/oh 'kCnksa dks ifrozrk dk

i;kZ; ekuk gSA bu lHkh esa ^Ro* çR;; yxkdj fu"iUu fd, x, lqpfj=kRo] lrhRo]

lk/ohRo 'kCnksa dks ifrozr dk lekukFkhZ dg ldrs gSaA blesa ^lrhRo* 'kCn cgqr çpfyr jgk

gSA ifr ds çfr ,dfu×rk ,oa HkfäA

lekukFkhZ 'kCn & ifrozr] ikfrozR;] lqpfj=rk] lrhRo] lk/ohRoA

Synonyms – Marital fidelity, Loyalty to husband, Vertuousness.103

102 . egkHkkjr] vuq|wr ioZ ] v- 81A 3&10] 17&18] 36&37 103 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] r`rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 1063] 1067&1068

---- 154 ----


;g ukjh tkfr dk lcls egku xq.k gS vkSj dguk u gksxk fd okLrfod xq.k ds #i esa

;g dsoy Hkkjrh; laLÏfr vkSj /keZ esa ik;k tkrk gS vU; dgha ughaA ækSinh] dqUrh egkHkkjr

dh ifrozrk ukfj;kWa Fkha] 'kdqUryk Hkh çfrozrk FkhA nsoh dqUrh cM+h ifrozrk FkhaA mUgksaus vius

ifr ds lkFk ou esa jgrs gq, czãp;Z&ozr dk ikyu fd;k vkSj la;eiwoZd jghaA egkHkkjr esa

bl vk'k; dk ladsr fd;k x;k gS &

vU;s·fi ákJek% lfUr ;s 'kD;k Hkjr"kZHkA

vkokH;ka /keZirÄhH;ka lg rIrqa egr~û27û

'kjhjL;kfi eks{kk; LoX;± çkI; egkQye~A

Roeso Hkfork HkrkZ LoxZL;kfi u la'k;%û28û

çf.k/kk;sfUæ;xzkea HkrZ`yksdijk;.ksA

R;ädkelq[ks ákoka rIl;koks foiqya ri%û29û 104

ifr ds jgus ;k u jgus nksuksa gh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa tks fdlh vU; iq:"k dh u rks dkeuk djs]

u vklä gks ogh ifrozrk dgykrh gSA lalkj dh ifrozrk nsfo;kssa esa xkU/kkjh dk LFkku cgqr

Åapk gSA ;s xkU/kkj jkt lqcy dh iq=h vkSj 'kdqfu dh cfgu FkhaA tc xka/kkjh dks ekywe

gqvk fd budk fookg us=ghu /k`rjkÔª ls gksusokyk gS] mlh le; ls bUgksaus viuh nksukas vk¡[kksa

ij iêh ck¡/k yhA xka/kkjh us lkspk fd tc esjs ifr gh us=lq[k ls oafpr gSa rc eq>s lalkj dks

ns[kus dk D;k dke gS\ ;gh lkspdj mlus Hkh vk¡[k ij iêh cka/k yhA bls egkHkjr ds bu

'yksadks esa ns[k ldrs gSa &

rr% lk iêeknk; ÏRok cgqxq.ka rnkA

ccU/k us=s Los jktu~ ifrozrijk;.kkû14û

ukH;lw;ka ifregfeR;soa Ïrfuĵ;kA

rrks xkU/kkjjktL; iq=% 'kdqfujH;;kr~û15û

Lolkja o;lk y{E;k ;qäkeknk; dkSjoku~A

Rka rnk /k`rjkÔªk; nnkS ijelRÏrke~A

Hkh"eL;kuqers pSo fookga ledkj;r~Sû16û 105

104 . egkHkkjr] lHkk ioZ ] v- 118A 27&29 105 . egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ ] v- 109A 13&16

---- 155 ----


/kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa bl çlax ds nkSjku Hkh"e us xa/kkj ujs'k ls xa/kkjh ds fookg dh

çkFkZuk dh bl ij xka/kkj ujs'k us dgk &

xa/kkj ujs'k& (Hkh"e ls) vki esjh pUæeq[kh iq=h dks gfLrukiqj ds pUæ oaf'k;ksa esa ys tkus ds

fy, vk, gSa ijUrq xaxkiq= vkidk /;ku bl vksj rks tkuk pkfg, Fkk fd

jktdqekj /k`rjkÔª us=ghu gSaA mlds fy, xa/kkj ns'k dk ;g pUæek fudyk rks

D;k vkSj u fudyk rks D;kA mudk thou rks lnSo vU/kdkj esa gh ca/kk

jgsxkA----------------------

xU/kkjh & (vius firk ls) vHkh esjh ckr iwjh ugha gqbZ firkJh! dq: jktdqekj /k`rjkÔª

dks viuk ifr ekuuk xkSjo dh ckr gS] lkSHkkX; dh ckr gSA lkSHkkX; dh ckr

blfy, fd ;fn esjk lkSUn;Z pyk Hkh tk;sxk rc Hkh esjs fy, oSokfgd thou

esa dksbZ mFky&iqFky ugha gksxh D;ksafd dq: jktdqekj /k`rjkÔª eq>s dksbZ

'kkjhfjd lkSUn;Z ds vk/kkj ij Lohdkj ugha dj jgs gSa rkr~JhA ( ;g dgrs gq,

xkU/kkjh us viuh vka[kks ij iV~Vh cka/k yh)

Hkh"e & (xkU/kkjh ls) xkU/kkjh ds vka[kks ij iêh cka/kus ij Hkh"e us iwNk& ;s D;ksa

xkU/kkjh\

xka/kkjh & (Hkh"e ls) ;g vko';d gS rkr~Jh eq>s vk'khokZn nhft,A

Hkh"e & (xkU/kkjh ls) ijUrq xka/kkjh ;g \

xka/kkjh & (Hkh"e ls) D;k iRuh dk ;g dÙkZO; ugha fd og vius ifr ds nq%[k dks le>sA

iRuh dh HkkX;js[kk dks rks ifr dh HkkX; js[kk ls gh fudyuk pkfg, rkrJhA

xkU/kkj ujs'k&(xka/kkjh ls) /kU; gks iq=hA

Hkh"e & (xka/kkjh ls) lkSHkkX;orh Hko] 'kriq=orh Hko] ijUrq ;g çrhKk Hkh Hkh"e gS

xka/kkjhA gj ojnku] gj vk'khokZn ls cM+hA blfy, dsoy lkSHkkX;orh gksus dk

vk'khokZn ns jgk gw¡A 106

ml le; ls tc rd xkaU/kkjh thfor jgha] vius n`<+ fu'p; ij vVy jgha o lnk

vius ifr ds vuqdwy jghaA


---- 156 ----


xkU/kk;Zfi ojkjksgk 'khykpkjfopsfÔrS%A

rqf"aV dq:.kka losZ"kka tu;kekl Hkkjrû18û

o`Ùksukjk/; rku~ lokZu~ xq:u~ ifrijk;.kkA

okpkfi iq:"kkuU;ku~ lqozrk ukUodhrZ;r~û19û 107

xka/kkjh us llqjky esa vkrs gh vius pfj= vkSj ln~xq.kksa ls ifr ,oa muds lkjs

ifjokj dks eqX/k dj fy;kA /kU; gS ,slk ifrçse tks ;qxksa&;qxksa rd dqyo/kqvksa dks çfrozrk

vkSj lrhRo dh f'k{kk nsrk jgsxk ,slh vkn'kZ ukfj;ksa us gh Hkkjrh; thou ewY;kas esa /keZ ds

cht cks, FksA

egkHkkjr esa ,slh dFkk gS fd & ,d ckj lR;Hkkek us ækSinh ls iwNk&*cfgu ! rqEgkjs

'kwjohj vkSj cyoku ifr lnk rqEgkjs v/khu jgrs gSaA vius ifr;ksa dks çlék j[kus ds fy;s

rqe fdl çdkj dk vkpj.k djrh gksA bl ij ækSinh us lR;Hkkek ls dgk&*cfgu ! eSaSa bZ";kZ

ls nwj jgrh gw¡A eSa dVqHkk"k.k ls nwj jgrh gw¡] vlH;rk ls [kM+h ugha gksrh gw¡] [kksVh ckrksa ij

n`fÔ ugha Mkyrh] cqjh txg ij ugha cSBrh] nwf"kr vkpj.k ds ikl ugha QVdrh rFkk ifr;ksa

ds vfHkçk;iw.kZ ladsr dk vuqlj.k djrh gw¡A vius ifr;ksa ds Hkkstu fd;s fcuk eSa Hkkstu

ugha djrh] Luku fd;s fcuk Luku ugha djrh vkSj cSBs fcuk Lo;a ughaA ?kj esa vukt dh

j{kk djrh gw¡A lnk gh lR; Hkk"k.k vksj ifr lsok esa rRiij jgrh gw¡A ;g iwjk çlax

egkHkkjr ds ou ioZ esa cgqr gh foLrkj ls fn;k x;k gSA 'yksd la- 1 ls 61 rd ds lHkh

'yksd blh rF; ls tqM+s gSa muesa ls mnkgj.k Lo#i ;gk¡ dqN fn;s tk jgsa gSa &

;nSo HkrkZ tkuh;kUeU=ewyijka fL=;e~A

mf}tsr rnSokL;k% likZn~ os'exrkfnoû12û

nsoks euq";ksa xU/koksa ;qok pkfi LoyaÏr%A

æO;okufHk:iks ok u es·U;% iq:"kks er%û23û

{ks=kn~ oukn~ ok xzkekn~ ok HkrkZja x`gekxre~A

vH;qRFkk;kfHkuUnkfe vklusuksndsu pû25û

(vUR;kykielarks"ka ijO;kikjladFkke~A)

107 . egkHkkjr] laHko ioZ ] v- 109A 18&19

---- 157 ----


vfrg~klkfrjks"kkS p Øks/kLFkkua p otZ;sA

fujrkga lnk lR; HkrZ¤.kkeqilsousû29û

e`nwu~ lr% lR;'khyku~ lR;/kekZuqikfyu%A

vk'khfo"kkfUko Øq¼ku~ irhu~ ifjpjkE;ge~û36û

uSrkefr'k;s tkrq oL=Hkw"k.kHkkstuS%A

ukfi ifjons pkga rka i`Fkka i`fFkohleke~û41û 108

ftl çdkj vkt czãp;Z dk xyr vFkZ fd;k tk jgk gS mlh çdkj ifrozrk dk vFkZ

Hkh xyr fy;k tk jgk gSA ifrozrk dk vFkZ gS & ifr ds vuqdwy vkpj.k] ijUrq ;g /;ku

j[kuk gksxk fd og vkpj.k e;kZfnr] lektksfpr ,oa ekuo ewY; ds vuqdqy gSA ;fn ifr

fdlh xyr O;lu dk f'kdkj gS rks mls jksduk ifrozrk L=h dk /keZ gSA

ifrozrk /keZ ds ikyu esa egkHkkjr ds rhu ik= fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gaS&ækSinh] dqUrh

vkSj xkU/kkjhA ifr dh bPNk ds vuqlkj x`gLFk thou ds /keZlEer lHkh dk;Z lEiUu djus

okyh L=h dks ifrozrk dgrs gaSA vkt ds okrkoj.k esa Hkys gh bls ,d diksy dfYir dgkuh

ekuk tkrk gks fdUrq vk/kqfudrk ds uke ij efgykvksa esa c<+ jgh LoPNUnrk] LosPNkpkfjrk

us ftl gn rd Hkkjrh; vkn'kZ vkSj e;kZnk dk frjLdkj fd;k gS mls crkus dh

vko';drk ugha gSA blh dkj.k ls fookg tSlh LoPN laLFkk dk egRo vkt ugha jg x;k gSA

;g lekt rFkk jkÔª dks HkzÔ vkSj ifrr gksus ds fy, ekxZ rS;kj dj jgk gSA orZeku f'k{kk

bls jksd ikus esa vleFkZ gSA

3-29 vkn'kZ x`giRuh%

xkgZLF;%&lekukFkhZ 'kCn & x`gLFkrk] x`gLFk thou] x`gLFk vkJe] xkgZLF; thouA

Synonyms – Household, Domestic Life, Domestic Affairs, Activities of a Household.109

;|fi xkU/kkjh] dqUrh] nzksinh lHkh vkn'kZ ifRu;k¡ Fkha fdUrq nkfl;ksa] lsfodkvksa ds

jktHkou esa jgus ls mUgsa viuk dk;Z lEiék djus vkSj vius vkn'kZ çn£'kr djus ds

volj de feyrs Fks & vkn'kZ x`giRuh ds ckjs esa ækSinh crkrh gSa fd lklqth us eq>s dqVqEc

108 . egkHkkjr] ou ioZ ] ækSinh lR;Hkkek laokn ioZ v- 233A 12]23]25]29]36]41 109 . eSuh /keZiky] ekuo ewY; ijd 'kCnkoyh dk fo'odks'k] f}rh; [k.M] i`"B la- 657

---- 158 ----


lEcU/kh tks&tks /keZ crk;s Fks eSa rks mu lcdk ikyu djrh Fkh] tSls fHk{kk nsuk] iwtu]

Jk¼] R;ksgjksa ij idoku cukuk] ekuuh;ksa dk vknj djukA tks&tks /keZ fofgr Fks] mu lHkh

dk og lko/kkuh ls jkr&fnu vkpj.k djrh Fkh] og fou; vkSj fu;eksa dks loZnk lc çdkj

viuk;s jgrh FkhA og dHkh Hkh lklqth ls okn&fookn ugha djrh Fkh rFkk lnk gh la;e dk

ikyu djrh Fkh] og lnk vius ifr;ksa ls igys mBrh Fkh rFkk cM+s&cw<+ksa dh lsok esa yxh

jgrh FkhA egkHkkjr dk ;g mnkgj.k mYys[kuh; gS &

vga irhu~ ukfr'k;s ukR;'us ukfrHkw"k;sA

ukfi ‚Jwa ifjons loZnk ifj;fU=rkû38û

vo/kkusu lqHkxs fuR;ksfRFkrr;So p A

HkrkZjks o'kxk eáa xq:'kqJw"k;So pûû39ûû 110

viuh lkl dh Hkkstu] oL= vkSj ty vkfn ls lnk gh lsok djrh FkhA oL=]

vkHkw"k.k vkSj Hkkstukfn esa og dHkh mudh mis{kk o vius fy;s dksbZ fo'ks"k ugha j[krh FkhaA

blh vk'k; dk 'yksd ;g Hkh gS &

uSrkefr'k;s tkrq oL=Hkw"k.kHkkstuS%A

ukfi ifjons pkga rka i`Fkka i`fFkohleke~û41û 111

lkekU; oxZ ds fy, jktegyksa esa fdruk lEeku Hkko Fkk & vUr%iqj ds Xokyksa vkSj

xM+sfj;ksa ls ysdj lHkh lsodksa ds dke&dkt dh ns[k&js[k Hkh ækSinh fd;k djrh FkhA

vUr%iqjk.kka losZ"kka Hk`R;kuka pSo loZ'k%A

vkxksikyfoikysH;% losZ osn ÏrkÏre~û52û 112

egkjkt dh tks dqN vk;&O;; vkSj cpr gksrh Fkh] mu lcdk fooj.k ækSinh vdsys

gh j[krh FkhA ækSinh ds ifr;ksa dk tks vVwV [ktkuk Fkk] mldk irk Hkh dsoy mldks gh

FkkA bl çdkj dh lkjh ckrsa mlus lR;Hkkek dks crkbZ fd ifr;ksa dks vuqdwy djus dk mls

rks ;gh mik; ekywe gSA* ,d vkn'kZ x`giRuh dks ?kj esa fdl çdkj jguk pkfg;s&ækSinh dh

110 . egkHkkjr] ou ioZ ] v- 239A 22&24] 34&35 111 . egkHkkjr] ou ioZ ] v- 239A 41 112 . egkHkkjr] ou ioZ ] v- 239A 42&52

---- 159 ----


thoup;kZ blds fy, vuqdj.kh; gSA orZeku le; esa ,sls vkpj.k dk x`gifRu;ksa esa vHkko

gksrk tk jgk gSA dkj.k gS fd gj O;fä vius lq[klqfo/kk dk lcls igys /;ku nsrk gSA dksbZ

Hkh O;fä fdlh çdkj ls NksVs ls NksVk dÔ mBkuk ugha pkgrkA lcds eu esa gS fd esjk iq=

'kwjohj gks ijUrq 'k=q ds lkFk 'kghn gksus okyk iM+kslh gks] esjk iq= ughaA egkHkkjr rFkk

jke;.k dky esa ,slk ugha FkkA

vkn'kZ x`g iRuh ds :Ik esa Hkh ækSinh] dqUrh vkSj xkU/kkjh dk mYys[k fd;k tk

ldrk gSA vius vHkkoksa esa jgrs gq, Hkh dqVqEc] ifjokj rFkk vfrfFk;ksa dk lEeku djus okyh

,slh x`g ifRu;ksa dk bfrgkl Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ds fy, n`ÔkUr cu ldrk gSA

3-30 U;k;fç;%

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr gh U;k; ds leFkZu vkSj i{k esa yM+k x;k ;q¼ FkkA Hkh"e] vtqZukfn

HkkbZ] Ï".k] nzks.kkpk;Z] Ïikpk;Z] fonqj lHkh egkHkkjr ds mÙke pfj= fdlh u fdlh :i esa

U;k; dk leFkZu djrs FksA dqUrh] nzkSinh] xkU/kkjh lHkh U;k; ds i{k esa Fkha & xkU/kkjh tSlh

ifrozrk Fkha oSlh U;k;fç; Hkh FkhaA og lnk lR;] uhfr vkSj /keZ dk gh ikyu djrh Fkha]

vU;k; dk dHkh leFkZu ugha djrh FkhaA xka/kkjh ds iq=ksaa }kjk ækSinh ds lkFk Hkjh lHkk esa tks

vR;kpkj fd;k x;k] mldk mlds eu esa cM+k nq%[k FkkA mlus tq, dk fojks/k djrs gq,

vius ifr ls dgk& vk;Ziq+=! vki vius nks"k ls lcdks foifÙk esa u Mkfy;sA bu <hB ew[kksZ

dh *gk¡&esa&gk¡* u feykb;sA bl oa'k ds uk'k dk dkj.k er cfu;sA c¡/ks gq, iqy dks er

rksfM+;sA cq>h gqbZ vkx fQj /k/kd mBsxhA ;|fi ;g ckr vki tkurs gSa] fQj Hkh eSa vkidks

;kn fnykrh gw¡A nqcqZf¼ iq:"k ds fpÙk ij 'kkL= ds mins'k dk çHkko ugha iM+rk ijUrq vki

o`¼ gksdj ckydksa dh&lh ckr djsa&;g vuqfpr gSA bl lnaHkZ esa O;kl th dgrs gSa &

vFkkczohUegkjkt /k`rjkÔªa tus‚je~A

iq=gknkZn~ /keZ;qäk xkU/kkjh 'kksddf"kZrkû1û

tkrs nq;ksZ/kus {kÙkk egkefrjHkk"krA

ek fueTth% Lonks"ks.k egkIlq Roa fg HkkjrA

ek ckykukef'kÔkukefHkeaLFkk efra çHkksû4û

ek dqyL; {k;s ?kksjs dkj.ka Roa Hkfo";flA

---- 160 ----


c¼a lsrqa dks uq fHkU|kn~/kesPNkUra p ikode~û5û

'kes fLFkrku~ dks uq ikFkkZu~ dksi;sn Hkkjr"ksHkA

RoUus=k% lUrq rs iq=k ek Roka nh.kkZ% çgkfl"kq%A

rLekn;a e}pukr~ R;T;rka dqyikalu% û8û

rFkk rs u Ïra jktu~ iq=LusgkUujkf/kiA

rL; çkIra Qya fof¼ dqykUrdj.kk; ;r~û9û

'kesu /kesZ.k u;su ;qäk

;k rs cqf¼% lkLrq rs ek çeknh%A

ç/oafluh Øwjlekfgrk Jh&

eZ`nqçkS<k xPNfr iq=ikS=ku~û10û 113

,slh gh eU=.kk xkU/kkjh us mUgsa vU; txgksa ij Hkh nh gSA os dgrh gSa & bl le;

vki vius iq=&rqY; ik.Moksa dks viuk;s j[kasA dgha os nq%[kh gksdj vkils foyx u gks tk;¡A

'kkfUr] /keZ vkSj eaf=;ksa dh lEefr ls viuh fopkj'kfä dks lqjf{kr jf[k;s] çekn er

dhft;sA xkU/kkjh ds bu okD;ksa ls /keZ] uhfr vkSj fu"i{krk Vidrh gSA

rFkk rs u Ïra jktu~ iq=LusgkUujkf/kiA

rL; çkIra Qya fof¼ dqykUrdj.kk; ;r~û9û

'kesu /kesZ.k u;su ;qäk

;k rs cqf¼% lkLrq rs ek çeknh%A

ç/oafluh Øwjlekfgrk Jh&

eZ`nqçkS<k xPNfr iq=ikS=ku~û10û 114

/kkjkokfgd esa Hkh xkU/kkjh vkSj /k`rjkÔª ds laokn dks cgqr gh çHkkoh cukus dk ç;kl

fd;k x;k gS &

/k`rjkÔª & vPNk ;g dkSu crk;sxk fd eqdqV Bhd ls flj ij tek gS ;k ughaA

xkU/kkjh & (/k`rjkÔª ls) igys vki bl fo"k; ij rks ckr dj yhft, vk;Ziq= fd ;g

eqdqV vids 'kh'k ij jgsxk Hkh ;k ugha\

113 . egkHkkjr] vuq|wr ioZ ] v- 75A 1] 4&5] 8&10 114 . egkHkkjr] vuq|wr ioZ ] v- 75A 9&10

---- 161 ----


/k`rjkÔª & (xkU/kkjh ls) D;k\ ;g rqe D;k dg jgh gks xkU/kkjh\

xkU/kkjh & (/k`rjkÔª ls) vki ls Hkh vius g`n; dh ckr u dgw¡ vk;Ziq= rks fdlls dgw¡A eSa

Hkh nq;ksZ/ku ls çse djrh gw¡A og gekjk T;s× iq= gSA ;fn mldk tUe Bhd

le; ij gks x;k gksrk rks dnkfpr esjs iq=ksa vkSj dqUrh iq=ksa ds chp tks ruko

gS] bl ruko dk ç'u gh ugha mBrk vkSj mls ;qojkt ds in ij viuk

vf/kdkj fl¼ ugha djuk iM+rk] ijUrq og ;qf/kf×j ls gS rks NksVk gh vkSj ;g

jkteqdqV tks vkt vkids 'kh'k ij 'kksHkk;eku gS okLro esa ;qf/k×j ds firk

ik.Mq dk gSA

/k`rjkÔª & (xkU/kkjh ls) ijUrq egkjkt fofp=oh;Z dk T;s× iq= eSa gwa eSa] blfy,A

XkkU/kkjh & (/k`rjkÔª ls) tks vU;k; ugha gS mls vU;k; dgrs dgrs dc Fkdsaxs vk;Ziq=A

tks gqvk ogh Bhd Fkk vkSj ogh gksuk Hkh pkfg, FkkA ;fn vki rc jktk cu

x, gksrs rks vkt vki tSls nq;ksZ/ku ds o'k esa gS oSls vki fdlh vksj ds o'k esa

jgrsA blfy, vk;Ziq= ,d ckj jktk cudj nsf[k, vkSj og fu.kZ; yhft,

tks ,d jktk dks 'kksHkk nsrk gSA 115

nq;ksZ/ku ds ekek 'kdquh ds }kjk nqckjk |wr ØhM+k djus ds çLrko dk fonqj us Hkh

fojks/k fd;k Fkk ij os vlQy jgsA mUgksaus /k`rjkÔª ls dgk& ^tqvk [ksyus ls vki ds iq=ksa

vkSj Hkrhtksa esa oSj&fojks/k gh c<+sxk] muesa ls fdlh dk Hkh fgr ugha gksxkA blfy;s |wr dk

vk;kstu u djuk gh vPNk gSA blh esa nksuksa vksj dk eaxy gSA^ /k`rjkÔª us fonqj ,oa muds

er dh ç'kalk djrs gq, n;ksZ/ku dks cgqr le>k;k] ijUrq mlus budh ,d u ekuhA

egkHkkjr ds vxzkafdr 'yksd ;gk¡ ns[ks tk ldrs gSa &

erekKk; iq=L; /k`rjkÔªks ujkf/ki%A

eRok p nqLrja nSoesrn~ jktaĵdkj gû1û

vU;k;su rFkksäLrq fonqjks fonq"kka oj%A

ukH;uUnn~ opks HkzkrqoZpua psneczohr~û2û

ukfHkuUns uìrs iSz"kesra

eSoa ÏFkk% dqyuk'kkn~ fcHksfeA 115 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 67

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iq=fHkZékS% dygLrs /kqzoa L;k&

nsrPNÁs |wrÏrs ujsUæû3û

usg NÙk% dygLrIL;rs eka

u psn~ nSoa çfryksea Hkfo";r~A

/kk=k rq fnÔL; o'ks fdysna

losZ txPpsÔfr u LorU=e~û4û 116

bls /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa bu laoknksa esa vfHkuhr fd;k x;k gS &

/k`rjkÔª & (fonqj ls) og ;qf/kf×j ds lkFk pkSlj Hkh [ksyuk pkgrk gSA

fonqj & (/k`rjkÔª ls) D;k \ eSa rks bls mfpr ugha le>rk egkjktA

/k`rjkÔª & (fonqj ls) D;ksa \

fonqj & (/k`rjkÔª ls) D;ksafd tqvk gkjus okys dh cqf¼ dks HkzÔ dj nsrk gSA thrus okys

ds lkFk Hkh ;gh gksrk gSA thr dh yyd esa og ;g lc Hkwy tkrk gS fd [ksy

dks dgka lekIr gksuk pkfg,A nksuksa gh |wr dh e;kZnk dk mYya?ku djrs gSaA

oSls Hkkb;ksa ds chp rks pkSlj dks fcNus gh ugha nsuk pkfg,A blfy, eSa bls

mfpr ugha le>rk] egkjkt ugha le>rk fQj tks vkidh vkKk gSA

/k`rjkÔª & (fonqj ls)& eSa rks ;g pkgrk gwa esjs nwr cudj rqe Lo;a bUæçLFk tkvks vkSj

fç; ;qf/kf×j dks ;gka vkus vkSj pkSlj ds fy, vkefU=r djks!

fonqj & (/k`rjkÔª ls) ;fn vki dq: jkt ifjokj ds vfUre v/;k; dks fy[kus dk

fu.kZ; ys gh pqds gSa egkjkt rks ;g lsod vkidh vkKk dk ikyu djrs gq,

bUæçLFk vo'; tk;sxkA

/k`rjkÔª & (fonqj ls) tkvks vkSj muds vkus dk 'kqHk lekpkj ysdj vkvksA

fonqj & (/k`rjkÔª ls) tks vkKk egkjktA 117

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr gh vU;k; ds dkj.k gqvk gSA lR;] U;k; vkSj /keZ ds i{k esa ;q¼ dks

fot; feyh vkSj 'kkfUr dh LFkkiuk gqbZA iq:"kkFkZ ls lEiUu gksus ds ckn Hkh tks U;k;iw.kZ

rjhds ls fot; çkIr djrk gS ogh vkn'kZ rFkk ewY; ds :Ik esa çfr×k ikrk gSA dguk u gksxk

116 . egkHkkjr] |wr ioZ ] v- 57A 1&4 117 . ch- vkj- pksiM+k Ïr /kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr Hkkx 45

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fd ik.Mo i{k lEiw.kZ :Ik ls bl vksj >qdk gqvk Fkk vkSj blhfy, Lo;a Ï".k us budk

lkFk fn;kA fgr&vfgr] ykHk&gkfu ds }U} ls eqDr gksdj tks lR; dk lkFk nsrk gS mlh

dks U;k; dgk tkrk gSA

3-31 lykg%

egkHkkjr esa eU=h fonqj ds vykok firkeg Hkh"e vkSj xq#vksa }kjk Hkh eU=.kk dk;Z

fd;k tkrk jgk] ijUrq nq;ksZ/ku ds vgadkj vkSj /k`rjkÔª ds iq= eksg ds lkeus lc O;FkZ fl¼

gksrk x;kA ge tkurs gSa fd & ik.Moksa ds ou esa pys tkus ij /k`rjkÔª ds eu esa cM+h fpUrk

vkSj tyu gqbZA mUgksaus fonqj dks cqykdj vius eu dh O;Fkk lquk;h vkSj muls ;g tkuuk

pkgk fd ^ vc gesa fdl çdkj O;ogkj djuk pkfg;s fd ftlls çtk ge ij lUrqÔ jgs vkSj

ik.Mo Hkh Øksf/kr gksdj gekjh dksbZ gkfu u dj ldsaA bl ij fonqj us mUgsa le>k;k fd

^jktu~ ! /keZ] vFkZ] vkSj dke & bu rhuksa Qyksa dh çkfIr /keZ ls gksrh gSA jkT; dh tM+ gS

/keZ] vr% vki /keZ esa fLFkr gksdj ik.Moksa dh vkSj vius iq=ksa dh j{kk dhft;sA |wr ioZ esa

bldk cgqr gh foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA

fonqj vkSj /k`rjkÔª ds chp eU=.kk dk dksbZ ifj.kke ugha fudykA fonqj us dgk Fkk &

vkius ik.Moksa dk tks dqN Nhu fy;k gS] og lc mUgsa ykSVk fn;k tk;A mUgksaus /k`rjkÔª ls

dgk fd jktk dk ;g ije /keZ gSA fonqj us dgk ;qf/kf×j dks jktflagklu ij cSBk nhft;s

D;ksafd og ;g tkurk Fkk fd ;qf/kf×j ds fpÙk esa fdlh ds çfr jkx&}s"k ugha gS] blfy;s ogh

/keZ iwoZd i`Foh dk 'kklu dj ldrs gSaaA nq%'kklu Hkjh lHkk esa Hkhelsu vksj ækSinh ls

{kek&;kpuk djsa vkSj rks D;k dgw¡] cl bruk djus ls vki ÏrÏR; gks tk;¡xssA* ;nk eU;qa ik.Moks·tkr'k=q&

uZ la;PNsn{kenkfHkHkwr%A

o`dksnj% lO;lkph ;ekS p

dks·=}hi% L;kr~ rqeqys oLrnkuhe~û8û

egkjkt çHkoLRoa /kukuka

iqjks|wrkUeulk ;kofnPNs%A

cgqfoÙkku~ ik.Mokaĵ sTt;LRoa

fda rs rr~ L;kn~ olqfoUnsg ikFkkZu~û9û 117

117 . egkHkkjr] |wr ioZ ] v- 63A 8&9

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bl n`ÔkUr dks /kkjkokfgd esa Hkh foLrkj ls fn[kk;k x;k gSA dqN laokn bl çdkj gSa &

/k`rjkÔª & (fonqj ls) cSBksA lat; ;qf/kf×j ds ikl ls gksdj ykSV vk;k gS mlus ;qf/kf×j

ds lkjs lq>ko ugha crk;sA vf/kd le; mlus eq>s nks"kh Bgjkus esa xaok fn;kA

;qf/kf×j ds lkjs lq>ko dy jkT; lHkk esa lquk;s tk;saxsA

fonqj & (/k`rjkÔª ls) gs HkzkrkJh vkius ckj&ckj ik.Moksa ds lkFk gh vU;k; fd;k gS

rfud lksfp;s egkjkt fd vkius Lo;a vius jkT; dk foHkktu djds

nq;ksZ/ku vkSj vius gfLrukiqj nksuksa ds lkFk vU;k; fd;k gSA jktk gksus ds

ukrs jkT; dh lhek dk vknj djuk vkidk dÙkO;Z FkkA vkius foHkktu

djds jktk dh e;kZnk dk mYy?kau fd;k gSA vkius nq;ksZ/ku dks /;ku esa j[krs

gq, fu.kZ; fy;k FkkA vki mls jktk cukus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh ewY; pqdkus dks

rS;kj gSaA eSa ;g ugha tkurk HkzkrkJh fd gfLrukiqj bl foHkktu ds vijk/k ds

fy, vkidks dHkh {kek dj Hkh ik;sxk ;k ughaA

/k`rjkÔª & (fonqj ls) vkSj rqe\

fonqj & (/k`rjkÔª ls) eSa rks vkidks dHkh {kek ugha d:axkA eSa rks ca/kk gqvk gwa nklRo dh

Mksjh ls egkjktA vc vki U;k; djsa ;k vU;k; eSa vkidks NksM+ ugha ldrkA 118

fonqj dh ;g eU=.kk egkjkt /k`rjkÔª ds fy, fcydqy lPph] fgriw.kZ] /keZ;qä vkSj

fuHkhZd FkhA

egkHkkjr dk lcls cM+k dkj.k cuk mfpr lykg ekuus dk vHkkoA U;k;] /keZ]

'kkfUr] lektuhfr] jktuhfr ls tqM+h gqbZ fof/k lEer jk; nsus ds fy, Hkh"e] æks.kkpk;Z]

/k`rjkÔª] fonqj vkfn dh dkSjo i{k ds }kjk lnSo mis{kk dh xbZ vkSj blhfy, budh ijkt;

gqbZA rdZ&fordZ djuk] oSpkfjd erHksn gksuk vyx ç'u gS fdUrq vuqHkoh vkSj 'kkL=

lEer fopkjksa dk vuqeksnu djuk] LohÏfr nsuk ykHkdkjh vkSj Js;Ldj gksrk gSA

lEiw.kZ egkHkkjr esa fu:fir leLr ekuoh; ewY; ;q¼ 'kkfUr] /keZ&v/keZ]

U;k;&vU;k;] Kku&vKku] lR;&vlR;] uhfr&vuhfr ds :Ik esa ifjHkkf"kr gq,A LokFkZ]

yksHk] bZ";kZ] vgadkj] en] eksg] eerk ls ;qDr jgdj budk iks"k.k ugha gks ldk vkSj ;gh

dkj.k Fkk fd nks ifjokjksa ds ,d gh oa'k ijEijk esa gksus ds ckn Hkh izse ugha jg ldk vkSj


---- 165 ----


Hk;kud ;q¼ gqvkA ;g xzUFk bl ckr dk vuqeksnu djrk gS fd gesa LokFkZ ds o'khHkwr gksdj

dksbZ dne ugha mBkuk pkfg, ftlls ikfjokfjd lEcU/kksa esa fo?kVu gks vkSj mldk Qk;nk

fojks/kh dks feysA pkgs og lekt dh ckr gks ;k jkÔª dh vkt Hkh jkT;ksa esa lÙkk vkSj caVokjksa

dks ysdj NksVs&cM+s ;q¼ gks jgs gS vkSj budk ifj.kke dsoy fouk'kdkjh gksrk gSA

Jh ch- vkj pksiMÛk dk /kjkokfgd pyfp= dh nfqu;k¡ esa ,d felky dh rjg çLrqr

fd;k tkrk gSA os pwafd ,d fuekZrk funsZ'kd ds :i esa tkus tkrs gS blfy, ik=ksa dh Hkwfedk

ij mudk iwjk fu;=a.k ,oa vf/kdkj jgk gS] ftldk fuoZgu mUgksus iwjh bZekunkjh ls fd;k gS

vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd 'kk;n iwoZ esa çlkfjr jkek;.k esa jkekuan lkxj ik= ds p;uksa esa

pksiMÛk dh rqyuk esa çHkkoh de fl¼ gq,& ,slh n'kZdksa dh ekU;rk jgh gSA

/kkjkokfgd egkHkkjr esa Hkh"e] Ï".k] vtqZu dh Hkwfedk ds ik=ksa usa ekuo ewY;ksa dk

ftruk ltho çn'kZu fd;k] mrus gh vkØed Hkwfedk esa nq%'kklu] nq;ksZ/ku] /k`rjkÔª Hkh jgs

rkfd n'kZd o leh{kd muds ÏR;ksa ds nq"çHkkoksa ls Hkh lh[k ys ldsaA d.kZ dh Hkwfedk esa

ohjrk o nkuohjrk vuqdj.kh; jghA ækSinh] dqUrh] xkU/kkjh Hkh ukf;dkvksa dh Hkwfedk esa mu

lHkh thou ewY;ksa dks çLrqr djus esa lQy jgh tks buds çLrqrhdj.k ls visf{kr FksA

egkHkkjr ,d ;q¼ vkSj la?k"kZ dh dgkuh gS ftldk mís'; U;k;] 'kkfUr ,oa eS=h

LFkkiuk gSA bldh ewy dFkk esa fQYe dk fuekZrk funsZ'kd dqN ugha dj ikrk vkSj pksiMÛk us

Hkh ,slk dqN ugha fd;kA mldk çeq[k dkj.k gS fd Hkkjrh; turk esa jke] Ï".k] Hkh"e]

jko.k] nq;ksZ/ku ftl :i esa thfor gSa mlds foijhr tkus ij ;k Hkwfedk ifjorZu djus ij

og mis{kk] fuank dk ik= rks gksrk gh gS dHkh&dHkh vkØks'k ,oa Øks/k dk Hkh ik= cu tkrk

gSA tSlk okVj fQYe ds lkFk gqvkA Hkkjrh; turk esa vkt Hkh vius /keZ xzUFkksa ds çfr tks

vkLFkk] fo'okl ,oa lR; ds çfr /kkfeZd vkxzg cuk gS mls fdlh çdkj dk rdZ nsdj

lekIr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blfy, bu /kkjkokfgdksa dk n'kZd çlkj.k ds le; 'kq¼ ,oa

lkfRod Hkkoksa ds lkFk Vsyhfotu lSV ij cSBk jgrk gS u fd euksjtau ds fy,A

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egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY;ijd f’k{kk - INFLIBNETshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/26997/11/11_chapter 3.pdf · v/;k; r`rh; egkHkkjr /kkjkokfgd esa ewY; ijd f'k{kk vuqlkj