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eGovernment in Estonia – organization, policies, frameworks
Arvo Ott, PhD,
e-Governance Academy
www.ega.ee
Vinnytsia 07.2012
eEstonia eEstonia • 76 % of population are Internet users• 63 % of the households have a computer at home, 82 % of home computers
connected to Internet. • over 700 Public Internet Access Points in
Estonia, 51 per 100 000 people. • More than 1 100 000 smart-card type ID-
cards issued • 94% (citizens) of tax declarations were e-
declarations (2011), 97% businesses• 94% of banking transaction on-line. 1
place in Internet Banking – (next are Norway, Nederlands, New Zealand…. Finland in the 6th place)
• 24th (all 134, Ukraine 75) place in Network Readiness index 2012.
eEstonia eEstonia • In August 2000, the Government of Estonia changed its
Cabinet meetings to paperless sessions using a web-based document system.
Balanced e-GovernanceCombination of electronic services and participatory services
e- GOVERNMENTTransaction of user-oriented services offered by government that are based on information and communication technologies.
e-DEMOCRACYDigitally conveyed information (transparency) and the political influence (participation) exerted by citizens and business on the opinion-forming processes of public – state and non-state –institutions
Parental benefit – best eGov service in 2004 (interoperability of 5 information systems from 5 goverment institutions)
Parental benefit – best eGov service in 2004 (interoperability of 5 information systems from 5 goverment institutions)
eGovernment example:
Tax declarations on-lineTax declarations on-line
9
21
36
59
7482 86 89 91 93
0102030405060708090
100
% e-declarations
eParticipation example: E-Voting in Estonia (140 846 e-voters in 2011!)
eGovernment Policy / Strategy
Questions:Questions:
• IT policy as the driving force for change?
• Centralized vers. decentralized? Coordination vers. direct management?
• Implementation of strategies• Organization– Coordination tools:
• Regulations
• Budget planning
• Human resource planning
• “soft methods” – training, discussion, awareness building etc.
Driving forces of eGovDriving forces of eGov
• Stable and functioning organizational setup for coordination.
• Leadership and political will.• Fixed info-political principles.• PPP, good telecom infrastructure and high level
of eBanking• Supporting legal and fiscal frameworks.• Interoperable ICT architecture.
Parliament
Government
Ministries
Informatics Council
INFORMATION
POLICY
A
C
T
I
O
N
P
L
A
N
Framework C
O
A
L
I
T
I
O
N
A
G
R
E
E
M
E
N
T
Example: Fixed info-political principles in EstoniaExample: Fixed info-political principles in Estonia
• Citizen (customer) orientation• Leading role for the private sector• Efficient and transparent public sector.
eDemocracy and participation.• Functioning model for protection of personal
data• Measures against digital divide (ID-cards
example…)• Neutrality concerning technological platforms• etc.
GovernmentCounty
governmentsCounty
governmentsIT managers
Localgovernments
Localgovernments
Representative
IT councils of counties
Local governmentassociations
Representative
ICT work groupsof counties
Councilrepresentative
InformaticsCouncil
Department ofState InformationSystems (RISO)
IT manager
InformaticsCentre
IC secretariat
ICT work groupsof ministries
IT councils ofministries
MinistriesMinistries
Management representatives &IT managers of
ministriesSubordinate
agenciesSubordinate
agencies
IT managers
Councilsdirectors
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
ICT work groupof regional
development
eGov Center (CIO office)
eGov imple-menting institution
ICT work groupof ministries
MinistriesMinistries
CIO-s
Reform initiatives ICT Budget
•Regulation initiatives•eGov budget planning •monitoring of implementation•Interoperability Framework agreements
State Chancellery / Ministry
project procurement, supervision, implementation
systems maintenance
end user trainingIT Businesses IT Businesses
IT Businesses IT Businesses
• Government Committee “Estonian Informatics Council” - advice to the Government on Information Policy matters
• All ministries (11 ministries) have CIOs. Ministries are relatively independent. Boards and inspectorates are subordinated to the ministries. There are IT councils of ministries who are coordinating the work in their fields of responsibility.
• All County Governments (15) have also CIOs, who manage the work of IT-councils of counties. County Governments are state bodies. There are several municipalities (local governments with independent budgets) in the counties (altogether ca. 220). County IT councils have members from municipalities.
Nature of document Name of Document Nature of regulation
Policy and strategy documents
eGov Strategy, Interoperability Framework
Infopolitical agreement, strong recommendation
Laws and sub-acts Databases acts, Personal Data Protection Act, Digital Signature Act etc.
Compulsory
Framework descriptions Architecture descriptions
Strong recommendation
Interoperability Related Standards
Documents, digital signature, security, message transfer etc.
Advise and recommendation
• Separate article of state budget: expenses for IT- subdivided into HW, SW and project work ordered from outside of government structures. For the last 8 years this budget has formed about 1% of the state budget.
• All ministries, county governments and boards have independent IT budgets which are planned in cooperation of all CIOs.
• For joint actions of several ministries the IT budget is often included in the budget of the ministry that is coordinating the work.
Budgeting
National chip-based Identity Card
Issuing authority:Estonian Citizenship and Migration Board
Service contractor:TRÜB Switzerland
Start of issue:January 1, 2002
Conformance with:ICAO Doc. 9303 part 3 Inside 16 Kb RSA crypto chip are :
2 private keys; authentication certificate;digital signature certificate; personal data file
KITCitizen view
EITEnterpriser view
AITPublic servant view
Na
tion
al D
ata
ba
ses
Re
giste
r
http://ww
w.riik.ee/arr/
Po
pu
latio
n R
eg
ister
He
alth
Insu
ran
ceR
eg
ister
Na
tion
al P
en
sion
Insu
ran
ce R
eg
ister
Ve
hicle
Re
giste
r
Ta
llinn
a V
esi IS
Ee
sti En
erg
ia IS
Internet - X-road
Databases / information systems Banks
Central server I
Central server II
Centralmonitoring
HelpDesk
X-road certification center
X-road centerTools centrally developed by the State, i.e. the State Portal
CertificationCenter
ID – card
• Ühispank• Hansapank• Krediidipank • Sampo Pank• Nordea Pank
Securityserver
Securityserver
Securityserver
Securityserver
Securityserver
Securityserver
Securityserver
Securityserver
:: … ::
:: E-institution – institution view ::
:: E-county – county view ::
:: Governmental Portal – Your Estonia ::
Institutional view of the state Thematic view of the statewww.riik.ee www.eesti.ee
Securityserver
1000000
5
Popul. ~1,3 mil.
Lessons learned - 1Lessons learned - 1
• Cooperation and coordination is the key, technology is the simplest part. Important role of Centre in coordination of the actions.
• Training of CIO-s (IT managers) and partners from private sector
• Medium push from legal framework• Figuring out what might be the motivation• Procurement procedures and rules can destroy
initial project plans• Step-by-step approach, no need to enter to
“business” of the “back-office”
Lessons learned - 2Lessons learned - 2
• Process from operational technical system to wide implementation takes 2-3 years – “honeymoon period” of the project
• Money, spent once for development of basic components of the architecture will give high profit in the phase of development of single e-services… but it will be clear only after several years… and this might not be the motivation for public institutions
• Driving force is often not from the top management of public institution but somewhere else – find this person …
Thank you for your attention!
Arvo Ott, PhDDirector eGovernance [email protected] www.ega.ee