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Egypt 3000 - 500BC. Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms A History of Art - H.W.Janson Jewels of the Pharoahs - Cyril Aldred Tutankhamen - C.D.Noblecourt. http://www.moyra.com/jewels/minentrance.html. Contemporary application Egyptian Art Deco Fantasy. Prehistory into Memorable History. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Egypt3000 - 500BC
Old, Middle, and New KingdomsA History of Art - H.W.Janson
Jewels of the Pharoahs - Cyril Aldred
Tutankhamen - C.D.Noblecourt
http://www.moyra.com/jewels/minentrance.html
• Contemporary application– Egyptian– Art Deco– Fantasy
Prehistory into Memorable History
• Prehistory– Paleolithic
• simple tools• fire• fetish objects, use of clay vessels, cave
paintings– magic– ritual
• sewn items
• Neolithic– move into agrarian culture
• crops• domesticated animals
– fortified villages - Jericho, Jordan– evidence of ancestor worship - trepanned skulls, reconstructed
skulls as portraits – Bronze age– invention of the wheel
– evolution of written language• laws• bureaucracy• organised religion• spread of knowledge through libraries of stone or clay tablets -
– Code of Hamurrabi, – cunieform alphabet, – symbolic representations of spoken words
Mesopotamia & the Nile Valley
• Egyptian civilisation regarded as the most conservative ever
• Plato - said Egyptian art had not changed in 10,000 years (an exaggeration)
• But 3000 - 500 BC art shows little change on the surface
• Egyptian basic pattern of institutions, beliefs and artistic ideas were formed during the first few centuries and kept reasserting itself
• not as static as it seems
• alternates between conservative and innovative
Dynasties
• Predynastic Period– transition from prehistory to the first
dynasty– First Dynasty - just before 3000 BC
Old Kingdom
• 1st major division after the First Dynasty
• ends with overthrow of the Sixth Dynasty ca. 2185 BC
• Counting historic time by accession of dynasties – strong Egyptian sense of continuity
• Importance of the Pharaoh - as the supreme ruler and a god– largely determines the character of
Egyptian art
• Pharoah was seen as being responsible for molding the Nile valley into a single, effective state and
• for increasing the fertility of the Nile valley by organising the construction of dams and canals
Crown & hairpieces of Princess Sit-Hathor
Necklace of Princess Sit-Hathor
Influences on art nouveau and art deco
Lavish use of gold and semi-precious stones
Cult of the Dead
• A preoccupation of Egyptian life and a link to Neolithic past
• Fundamental change from Neolithic– Neolithic - superstitious and fearful of the
spirits of the dead– Egyptian - serene, each man provides for
his own happy afterlife by supplying his tomb with pleasurable items
Ka
• Tomb equipped as a shadowy replica of everyday life
• ka (spirit or soul) could live in the tomb but had to have a physical body - – mummy - or – statue of him/herself
Mummies
King Tutankhamen ca.1360 BC
King Tut’s Mummy
King Tut as a child
http://www.virtual-egypt.com/
Can you Read This??
Reconstruction
King Tutankhamen’s canopic chest with lid removed; tops of sarcophagi immersed in unguents and resin ca.1360BC
King Tut’s finger stalls with rings
Judgment Day
• After the Old Kingdom, the Ka or spirit is divided into two or more identities
• the concept of judgment is introduced
• tomb frescoes begin to show images of a weighing of the soul
• fear of death introduced into Egyptian religion; accountability
Old Kingdomca. 2686-2160BC• (1st Intermediate Period 2160-2040BC)
King Zoser’s Pyramid designed by Imhotep ca.2650BC - Old Kingdom
Old Kingdom
relief sculpture, wood
Portrait Panel of Hesy-ra, from Saqqara, c.2650BC
Middle Kingdom ca. 2040-1633BC
• 2nd Intermediate Period 1633-1559BC
New Kingdom ca.1559-1085BC
• Tanites 1085BC-945BC
• Libyans 945BC-751BC • Late Period 751BC-332BC