Egypt

Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Egypt Unites

• In the beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms:–1. Lower Egypt

–2. Upper Egypt

Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt

King Menes

• Established a capital, Memphis

• Established first Egyptian Dynasty

• Unites Upper and Lower Egypt

UnitedUnited lower and upper Egypt and wore a

crown that symbolized its united kingdom

Pharaohs• Egyptian kings = pharaohs

• The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs the same as the gods–KINGS WERE GODS

• Stood as center of religion as well as government and army

• Type of Government = Theocracy

Trade• By 3200 BC, Egyptians were

trading with the Mesopotamians• Also traded up and down the Nile

–Gold–Ivory–Cattle–Granite blocks

Religion• Polytheistic• 2,000 gods and

goddesses• Built huge temples

to honor gods• Believed in

afterlife–Osiris – god of the

dead

Social• Very different from the city-

states of Mesopotamia• Egypt’s united kingdom

allowed–High degree of unity–Stability–Cultural continuity (staying the same)

Life in Egyptian SocietyPharaoh

Royal Advisor

Priests

Traders/Merchants

Slaves

Ordinary Citizens

Intellectual

• Developed writing = hieroglyphics–Pictographic writing system

• Developed written numbers for recording taxes–Addition, subtraction

Achievements• Knowledge in math = skillful

engineers– Pyramids– Palaces

• Egyptian Architects first to use stone columns in homes, palaces and temples

• 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars– So accurate it was only 6 hours off from

today’s calendar year

Geography• Nile River – 4,100 miles long, flows

northward • Every year in July the river flooded

REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil.

• The Nile is the longest river in the world!

• Forbidden Deserts on either side of the Nile = Natural barriers

Pictures Cited• Slide 1 – http://www.westga.edu/~llipoma/hieroglyphics.jpg • Slide 2 - http://orford.tased.edu.au/crowns1.jpg, http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/pharaoh/explore/images/double.gif• Slide 3 - http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/OFORIAA/IMAGES/Nile.jpg• Slide 4 - http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/narmer.jpg• Slide 5 - http://www.internet-at-work.com/hos_mcgrane/egypt/egyptart/crown2.jpg• Slide 6 - • Slide 7 - http://www.gophila.com/go/tut/images/micro/full_tut.jpg• Slide 8 - http://www.waterfeatures2u.com/items_images/11205089253%20GRANITE%20BLOCKS%202_500.jpg, • Slide 9 - http://www.egyptian-gods.net/images/osiris3big.jpg• Slide 10 - http://www.digitaldutch.com/arles/tutorials/thumbnail_tags/galleries/thumbnail_tags_with_size/images/Sphinx.jpg,

http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/pyramids-of-giza-gzgrtpy.jpg • Slide 14 - http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~howard/314lspring2005/hieroglyphics.jpg, • Slide 15 - http://www.bl.uk/learning/images/whywrite/new/hieroglyphics-lg.jpg• Slide 17 - http://analyzer.depaul.edu/paperplate/2002%20vernal%20equinox/Egyptian_calendar_dark.jpg• Slide 18 - www.africantravelinc.com/AboutATI/egypt.html • Slide 20 – http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/Egypt/NileFromAboveNarrowAngle.jpg• Slide 21 - http://www.map-of-egypt.org/aswan-424.jpg