EgyptThe Egyptian Empire

As a result, Egypt became rich! Dams and waterwayswere added as well as more farmland. A canal was

Built to connect Nile and Red Sea

Middle Kingdom 2050B.C.-1670B.C. Egypt has suffered

greatly because of civil wars

Amenemhet I becomes pharaoh

Capital city moved to Thebes

Conquered Nubia and Syria Conquered people sent

tributes: forced payments

The Arts Blossom

Arts, literature, and architecture thrived

www.cs.dartmouth.edu

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www.odysseyadventures.ca

Valley of the Kings White Temple at Karnak

Poets wrote tributes to pharaohs

Ahmose: Egyptian leader that droveout the Hyksos and ushered in the

New Kingdom.

Rule of the Hyksos

Rulers from western Asia Hyksos were able to take over because of

weak pharaohs Hyksos ruled for 150 years Hyksos were more advanced in the art of war

War chariots Bronze swords and shields Warlike lifestyle

New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1080 BC Period when Egypt was at its peak

Rich and powerful Period of expansion

Full time army created

New Kingdom

Hatshepsut

1st woman ruler recorded in history

Increased trade with other lands Traded for gold, ivory,

ebony and incense

Brought great wealth to Egypt

Hatshepsut’s funerary temple at Deir el Bahri

Hatshepsut

Thutmose III

Nephew of Hatshepsut Expanded empire to its greatest size Grew rich from trade and tribute

Gold, copper and ivory Conquered people were used as workforce

Rebuild Thebes Treated well

Thutmose III

Obelisks

Favorite monument of New Kingdom pharaohs

Usually describes a great action of the pharaoh

This is one of Thutmose III’s obelisks

Amenhotep IV or Akhenaton

Remembered for a social and religious revolution

Believed that the priests of Amon Ra were too powerful

Changed the official religion from polytheistic to monotheistic

New god was Aton Moved capital to Tell el

Amarna Lost most land in western

Asia to Hittites

Nefertiti

Akhenaten: The Rebel Pharaoh

Akhenaten

The Changes in Art

Rule of the Boy King

Tutankhamen (King Tut) Became pharaoh when 9-10 years old Insignificant king Moved capital back to Thebes and the empire

back to the worship of Amon Ra Only important to history because of the

finding of his tomb untouched

http://www.virtual-egypt.com/newhtml/special/kingtut/

Tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922.

King Tut

Ramses II

66 year reign Last of the effective rulers of

Egypt Regained some land in

western Asia Had 100 children Major wife was Nefertari Known as the builder

pharaoh Battled the Hittites

Treaty was reached through marriage

Monuments of Ramses II

Ramesseum

White Chapel at Karnak

Temples at Karnak

Abu Simbel

http://www.egyptinteractive.com/EgyptTour/AbuSimbel.htm

Nefertari’s temple at Abu Simbel

Why Were Temples Built?

Temples were homes to the gods Offerings were made daily at the temples Served as banks Egyptians worshipped at home

Cleopatra

-last pharaoh to rule Egypt

-from the Ptolemy dynasty

-greek heritage

-falls in love with Julius Caesar

-falls in love with Marc Antony

-tries to break ties with Rome and Octavian

Cleopatra and Antony

Battle at Actium in 31 BC Cleopatra and Antony are defeated by the

Romans Antony kills himself and upon hearing of his

death, Cleopatra takes her own life with the bite of an asp (snake)

Egypt is now part of the Roman Republic

Egypt’s Decline and Fall

Empire began to fall apart Pharaohs could not keep countries under Egyptian

control Egypt lacked iron ore---had to pay high price to

make iron weapons Egypt was controlled by a series of civilizations

Libyans 900 B.C. Kush 760 B.C. Assyrians 670 B.C.