Egypt The Gift of the Nile. Early Egypt First Villages pop up on the delta around 4000 BC 3150 BC King Narmer unites both Upper and Lower Egypt. Capital

EgyptEgypt

The Gift of the Nile

Early EgyptEarly Egypt• First Villages pop up

on the delta around 4000 BC

• 3150 BC King Narmer unites both Upper and Lower Egypt.

• Capital city of Memphis.

Four Periods of Ancient Four Periods of Ancient Egypt:Egypt:

1) Early Dynastic Egypt( 3150-2770 BC)

2) Old Kingdom (2770 – 2200 BC)

3) Middle Kingdom (2050- 1786 BC)

4) New Kingdom (1560-1087 BC)

Religion in Ancient EgyptReligion in Ancient Egypt

• Ra- The Sun God– Later combined with

the god Amun to become Amun-Ra

– “King of All Gods”

• Ma’at- Goddess of Truth & Balance

RaAmun

Ma’at

Religion in EgyptReligion in Egypt

Isis Osiris

Horacehttp://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/main.html

The Myth of OsirisThe Myth of Osiris• One of the most famous Egyptian myths is the myth of Osiris. Osiris

has been credited with many different titles, god of fertility, king of the dead, god of agriculture, and god of the underworld, controller of the Nile floods, and the rising and setting of the sun. All of these titles have one thing in common: life, death, and rebirth because the myth of Osiris is attributed to his life, murder, and eternal life after death. The myth of Osiris begins when he sets out to spread law and order across the land and to teach people how to farm. Because Osiris was a powerful king and popular with the people, his jealous brother lured him into a coffin and sealed his fate with molten lead. Seth then sent him down the Nile River in the coffin. Later the coffin washed ashore in Lebanon and a tree encased it. A king of Lebanon was impressed by the size of the tree and cut it down and put it in his palace.

SethOsiris

The Myth of OsirisThe Myth of Osiris• Isis was the wife and sister to Osiris who gave birth to Horus and

was the protector of the dead. When she received the news of Osiris's death, she knew the dead could not rest without a proper burial. Isis searched and found Osiris' body and brought it back to Egypt. Seth found this unacceptable and cut Osiris into many pieces and scattered them throughout Egypt. Isis set out again and had all the pieces she found made into wax duplicates. All the wax duplicates were placed in the temple to be worshipped. Isis preserved his body with linen bandages, used her magic and breathed life back into Osiris. Osiris then rose as a God-King and he chose to rule the underworld. This is where the roots of

mummification and rebirth into the afterworld began.

Osiris Isis Horus

The After LifeThe After Life

• Mummification:Mummification: Process of preserving the body for the Ka.

• Ka:Ka: “Life Force”/ Soul of the deceased.– The Ka needed the same things that the living

needed in the afterlife. Offering were often placed in the tomb with the body.

• Book of the DeadBook of the Dead: Spells details of the journey through the afterlife.

Book of the Dead

Ramses I and Dr. Hawass

Pharaohs of Pharaohs of EgyptEgypt

Old Kingdom PharaohsOld Kingdom Pharaohs• NarmerNarmer: Pharaoh that

united the Upper & Lower Kingdoms of Egypt.

• Djoser:Djoser: Commissioned the Step-Pyramid. (One of the first large stone buildings on earth)

Old Kingdom PharaohsOld Kingdom Pharaohs

• KhufuKhufu: Builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza.

• There are three pyramids at Giza, each of which once had an adjoining mortuary temple. Attached to this temple would have been a covered causeway descending down to a valley temple, near the Nile.

New Kingdom PharaohsNew Kingdom Pharaohs

• Queen Hatshepsut:– 1st Great woman ruler.– dressed as a king,

even wearing a false beard.

– expanded trading relations.


• Thutmose III:Thutmose III:– considered to be one

of Egypt 's greatest warrior pharaohs.

– Expanded the empire into a military superpower.


• Akhenaten:Akhenaten:– Tried to turn Egypt

into a monotheistic society.

– Shunned all other gods to worship Aten (a version of the sun god)

– Wife was Nefertiti.


• Tutankhamun:Tutankhamun: – Son of Akhenaten & Nefertiti.– Returned Egypt to traditional polytheisitic

beliefs.– Famous because of the discovery of

untouched tomb in 1922. (Valley of the Kings)


• Ramses II:Ramses II:– Lackluster General– Great builder

Valley of the KingsValley of the Kings

Documents

Egypt The Gift of the Nile. Early Egypt First Villages pop up on the delta around 4000 BC 3150 BC King Narmer unites both Upper and Lower Egypt. Capital