Egyptian Civilization Big Idea(Oder and Security): Continuity and stability were characteristic of...
If you can't read please download the document
Egyptian Civilization Big Idea(Oder and Security): Continuity and stability were characteristic of Egyptian civilization for thousands of years. Photos
Egyptian Civilization Big Idea(Oder and Security): Continuity
and stability were characteristic of Egyptian civilization for
thousands of years. Photos have been taken from the internet or
Pocket Genius
Slide 2
A Views of Egypt
Slide 3
Geography Egypt is in northeast Africa Nile runs north Nile
Delta is where it empties into the Mediterranean Major cities are
at the start of the delta. The Nile River-gave Egypt life, called
Gift of the Nile. Travel Communication with other regions, and the
Fertile land -15 miles of fertile land on each side Natural
boundaries-gave protection to Egypt from invasions. Desert to West
and East, Rapids on southern part of Nile Mediterranean Sea to the
North
Slide 4
Religion-polytheistic Sun gods-source of life. Re was the most
important and rulers were seen as an earthly forms of Re. River and
land gods Included Osiris and his wife Isis, who brought
civilization to Egypt. Legend says Seth (Osiriss evil brother) cut
Osiris into pieces and threw him into the Nile. Isis and other gods
brought him back to life. Osiris symbolizes resurrection or
rebirth. Egyptians believe in life after death, and bury their dead
in tombs. Kings buried in pyramid tombs.. )
Slide 5
Early Government Evolved to regulate the Nile, worked together
to control floods. Chiefdoms grew into kingdoms-3100BC, King Menes,
united upper and lower Egypt and creates a dynasty. Dynasty-rule is
passed within family. From this point rulers were called King of
Upper and Lower Egypt to show unity.
Slide 6
Old Kingdom-lasted 2700-2200 B.C about 500 years. Government
Pharaoh Great House Egyptian rulers who organized a strong central
state. Believed to be a god (Divine Power), had absolute power
(complete power over people). Developed a bureaucracy (government
officials and procedures), run by the vizier (answered to pharaoh)
D ivided Egypt into 42 providences with their own governor who
answered to vizier. Age of the pyramids time when Egypt's greatest
monuments were built. When this kingdom ended Egypt was again
divided into upper and lower.
Slide 7
Old Kingdom/ Age of Pyramids Pyramids large structure for
Pharaohs burial. Khufu-Kept 100,000 men working 20 years to build
the famous Great Pyramid at Giza. Khafre-Son of Khufu, constructed
the Great Sphinx at Giza. (lions body, mans face.) Many believed
the Sphinx was an important guardian of sacred sites.
Slide 8
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Slide 9
Preparation for the Afterlife Religion-human beings had 2
bodies, a physical and spiritual(called Ka),to preserve the
physical they practiced mummification. It was a process usually for
wealthy families because they could afford it. Brain and organs
were removed except for the heart which was needed for the final
judgment. 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile
Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Slide 10
The Valley of the Kings During the New Kingdom Pharaohs will no
longer be buried in Pyramids, but instead in the Valley of the
Kings.
Slide 11
The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut 1473-1458
B. C. E.
Slide 12
Middle Kingdom (2055BC-1650BC) 405 years Golden Age of
Stability. Egypt is reunited Expanded Kingdom into Africa and West
Asia. Pharaohs had concern for the people. projects-drained
swampland in Nile Delta (New farmland). -canal to connect Nile and
Red Sea=trading.
Slide 13
New Kingdom(1550 BC-1070 BC)480 years Egypt conquered by
Hyksos. Ruled about 100 years. Used bronze tools, horseback, and
chariots. They were very militaristic. Combative people Hyksos are
driven out and Egypt is reunited New Egypt Militaristic=expand
empire Wealth= temples
Slide 14
New Kingdom Pharaohs & Downfall. Hatshepsut-1 st women
pharaoh. Thutmose III-expanded through 17 military campaigns
Amenhotep IV ( Akhenaten)-(Sun God-Aten) introduced the worship of
a single god (monotheistic). Caused many problems Some thought this
meant the destruction of Egypt itself. Led to disunity and loss of
empire Tutankhamen-boy pharaoh, restored old gods Ramses II-last
pharaoh that had much of an empire, gradually ended empire.
CleopatraVII-tried to re-establish Egypts independence, involved
with Rome, led to defeat and suicide. Egypt becomes part of Rome.
Very last Pharaoh.
Slide 15
Egyptian life Society-like a pyramid. God/King at top(Pharaoh).
Upper class-nobles, priests, and government officials Middle
class-merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors Lower
class-(biggest) farmers and slaves-did all labor.
Slide 16
Economy & Family Depended chiefly on agriculture. Trade
Paid heavy taxes to support pharaohs government Women property and
inheritance stayed in their hands. Could operate businesses and
become priestesses (4 became pharaohs) Monogamy-marriage to one
person, man was master, could have more then one wife if she
couldnt give the man children. Wives ran household. Parents
arranged marriages. Wanted many sons to carry family name. Were
some divorces and women were compensated. Only boys from upper and
middle class received formal education in writing.
Slide 17
An Egyptian Womans Must-Haves Perfume Whigs Mirror
Slide 18
Contributions of Egyptians Architecture and engineering-
stonemasonry, pyramids, temples, etc. Art-sculptures, statues,
paintings in tombs and temples, carvings, jewelry, wood furniture,
and Pottery Writing-hieroglyphic, very complex writing or carvings
of priests, used for record keeping and general rules of daily
life. Science-solar year calendar, 365 days in a year.
Math-geometry to build pyramids. Chemical process to embalm
mummies. Medicine-set broken bones, recognized disease symptoms,
and prescribed drugs.
Slide 19
Section 2 Review Pharaoh who introduced the worship of a single
god, Aton, god of the sun disk Akhenaton Egyptian history is
divided into three major periods, this includes? Old, Middle, and
New Kingdoms Egyptian monarchs title, originally meaning great
house. Pharaoh
Slide 20
Section 2 Review The Egyptians developed an accurate 365-day
calendar by basing their year on what? The movements of the moon
and the star Sirius. A family of rulers whose right to rule is
passed on within the family Dynasty The development of Egyptian
civilization was influenced most closely by what? The Nile
River
Slide 21
Section 2 Review Boy-pharaoh who restored worship of the old
gods in the New Kingdom Tutankhamen Complex system of writing
meaning sacred writings that is made up of pictures and forms.
Hieroglyphics Osiris is an important figure in Egyptian religion
who symbolizes what? Resurrection Upper and Lower Egypt were into a
single kingdom around 3100 B.C. by who? Menes