anistuuna

Egyptian Colloquial

Naahid awni t (Nawny @ aucegypt.edu)

Designer

Dr. Ahmad p f i i f i

A writer's prayer

God, I have knowledge, So will you show me now

How to use it wisely And find a way somehow

To make the world I live in A little better place..

And make life with its problems A bit easier to face..

Grant me faith and courage And put purpose in my days..

And show me how to serve Thee In the most effective ways

So all my education, My knowledge and my skill,

May find their true fulfillment As I learn to do Thy Will

And may I ever be aware In everything I do

That knowledge come from learning.. And wisdom comes from you.

Anonymous

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all who supported and encouraged me throughout the completion of this book.

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. El SaidBadawi, chairman and director of the Arabic Language Institute (ALI) at the American University for his supportive guidance, valuable remarks and great assistance. Thank you.

I would like to sincerely thank Dr. David Wilmsen, director of the Arabic Language Division (ALD) in the Center for Adults and Continuing Education (CACE) at the American University, for his wise comments and valuable remarks. Thank you.

I owe a special debt and gratitude to Dr. Richard Cahill, director of the Middle East Studies Program (MESP), for his worthy advice, support and great help. Thank you.

Special thanks and gratitude owed to my dear friend Mohamed Eid for his insightful comments and constructive criticism which guided me in writing this book. Thank you.

Due thanks are conveyed to Dalia Samir for her forbearance and generosity in time and effort in writing down the book. Thank you.

My warmest gratitude and appreciation go to the members of my family especially my brother Mamdouh, my daughter Noha and my son in law Mohamed who spared no effort, and supported me with inexhaustible patience and indispensable inspiration which helped me pass this book into light. Thank you.

Last, but not least. many thanks go to my dear students, at the American University (AUC) and the Middle East Studies Program (MESP), who were the subjects upon whom I exercised and experienced this book. Their remarks and feedback were greatly useful and beneficial. Thank you.

INTRODUCTION

Arabic is one of the major languages in the world. It is widely spread on two continents. It is the official language of about 22 countries with a total population of about 120 millions which places it among the top ten tongues of the planet in regard to the number of speakers.

Arabic belongs to the Semitic family of languages and the term Arabic is used to describe two different classes or forms of the same language.

The first is jGHa or the 'pure' language, and it involves two levels, the Classical Arabic which is the language of the 'Kur'aan' the holy book of Islam, and the Modem Standard Arabic or the Modem Literary Arabic.

The second 1.s the ? m ~ \ ~ ~ a . . . which is the colloquial or the common language, and it is of three levels. the Educated Spoken Arabic, the Enlightened Spoken Arabic, and the Illiterate Spoken Arabic.

The main object of this book is to introduce the Educated Spoken Arabic or Language which takes the two features of both fuSHa and ^amrniyya and which is a kind of reduced fuSHa and standardized colloquial. It is the spoken Arabic of Egypt which aims to provide easy access to the Arabic which Egyptians, particularly the educated of Cairo and Alexandria, learn in the house and use in every day life.

Thus this course is based on a functional approach yet the essential rules of grammar, which only without which communication may fail, will be provided. The main emphasis though will be on conversational pieces with vocabulary expressions and some idiomatic formulas that are commonly used in everyday life. In other words, the language itself will be presented not theories about it.

The main concern is to ensure that learners can speak and understand the language in the shortest time available and in the simplest way possible. In short, the focus will be on fluency rather than accuracy. The explanation, rules, and instructions are also provided in English to ensure full understanding. Also a good amount of drills & exercises are provided to guarantee reinforcement.

This book consists of:

First: Preliminary stage involving 4 stages.

Second: Two units, each unit consists of 5 lessons one of which is a review for the 4 previous lessons.

Third: Appendices A, B, C

Fourth: Glossary

Fifth: Useful vocabulary for survi~al Arabic

The preliminary stage consists of the very basic rules that any beginner should be familiarized with, as an introductory stage that is essential to Arabic language learning. This section is sequenced according to students' level. The teacher begins with stage 1 if the students ha\-e no idea about the Arabic language script. The teacher may move to stage 2 if the students know the Alphabets well but do not know how to read or wnte. The teacher may, as well, move directly to stage 3 if the students know the basic rules of the Arabic script and can fairly read or write. Stage 4 is a continuum of stage 3.

Each lesson begins with a picture, which illustrates the main objective of the lesson.

In order to help students develop the language as fast as possible and to acquire native like pronunciation and intonation, a tape is also provided together with flashcards to challenge the students and enhance their listening comprehension. Reading comprehension and creating conversational skits are also reinforced.

As the colloquial is basically the spoken language, listening and speaking are the two skills of the language that are intensively emphasized. Reading and writing are only used as a guide for students on learning the language and implementing their assignments.

Some appendices are also added at the end for further instruction.

A Glossary is also provided.

A group of useful vocabulary words, which non-native speakers may need, to survive with Arabic at the very beginning.

Table Of Contents

Page

I. Introduction L+&\

II. Table of contents +a

111. Preliminary stages I JÃ \

Stage 1 Alphabets & numbers ......................................................... 1

Stage 2 Consonants & v w e l s ......................................................... V

Stage 3 Masculine & feminine ........................................................ 1 1

Stage 4 Sentences & phrases ......................................................... 1 V

IV. Unit one

Lesson 1 f

Dialogue: Pleased to meet you. 5 6 &A Nationalities Occupations Verbs: present /present continuous

Lesson 2

Dialogue: Sorry I am late.

Time & place expressions The clock Verbs: present /present continuous

Lesson 3

Dialogue: Doyou have fresh eggs? %j& &I .. . d u Singulars, duals & plurals Plurals with numbers Verbs: present /present con tin u ous

Lesson 4

Adjectives and Colors The weather The participles

Lesson 5

Review

V. Unit Two

Lesson 6

Dialogue: I want to get a ticket

The verb: Exercises Proverbs

Lesson 7

Dialogue:

The verb: Exercises Proverbs

Lesson 8

Dialogue:

The verb: Proverbs

Present tense

Clean the flat well

Imperative tense

e 0

I have a stomach ache doctor s.3 4 Ak Continuous &future tense

VII

Lesson 9 .......... A f

Dialogue: How did you spend your holiday? T& gjbv\ (-4 The verb: Past tense Exercises Proverbs

Lesson 10

Review

VI. Appendices

Appendix A List of verbs

Appendix B Different kinds of pronouns

Appendix C Possessive pronouns

VII. Glossary

VIII. Survival Arabic

Preliminary Stage

-uwl& .. -!I 9 &if1 &a- .. dl i21y9f Sounds that Change in Shiftins È_ from FuSHa to tammiya

^

is- (glottal stop)

The following t^letiÇtitbe~~neflofçIltbelettenoftheArd>kah)habeLmtrunKterati i a introduced in tb atqp to help hpronunciation. The sound of the letter ia our main concern.

Name 1 ~ ~ b i ~ I Transliteration of letter . FQXBL

'alf/hamza 64

I/&

thaa'haa' 1 I

- I

- Taa' 1 A I * T

laam J 1 miim

? m

noun (Â¥ n

baa' h

Guide to Pronunciation Meaning I pronunciation .

answer a id food big bint giri

table tasriiHa dressing table think e a r e a r a gossip

-

gid s"=a shoes ' no equivalent Eafla Pam'

no eauivalent xariita man deer 1 diib 1 wolf I there 6akar masculine rest m a picnic

zero zibuun customer , ,

semi I simm I poison ,

I I

Sunday Sabuun I -P I I I I

Duck Dahr 1 back 1 I I

Tough Taaza fresh

I no equivalent I f- I . .ye I no equivalent 1 Aarb 1 ww 1

I 7 I

fool I fuul I beans I I

come I Qamaus dictionary , ,

kettle I kitaab 1 book 1 b 1 laHma 1 . meat I moon I mum I r a z e r 1 never nimra number

wasp 1 walad I boy I

Note: - ' is also called a glottal stop and it should precede all vowels when they occur at the

1 beginning of the word. In Arabic it may appear anywhere in the word beginning,

! middle or end, or even, doubled. Example: *akl - baypi - badd -

rn 8 and A are produced in modern standard Arabic only i-e. FuSHa (&/A) . . * H, i, c, t, have no equivalent in English (21~) .

4 f One dupe to describe one sound. The idea of combining two letten to describe one

sound does not exist in Arabic. Ex. ch / sh / th (2) . 43 S, D, T and Z have no exact equivalent in ~ n ~ l i s h b u t they are the emphatic (velarized)

version of the n o d s, d, t and z (d/&h/b) / ( & / i . ~ / b ) .

How to produce the non-equivalent sounds * H sounds like a very emphatic h. (just imagine you have swallowed a spoonful of the

hottest c h i imaginable) (0.

* x more guttural than its Scotch or German cousin (it is always better to exaggerate

rather than under emphasize the guttural aspect) (^) ex. Van Gogh.

* (peculiarity of the Semitic language) = to gag. constricting the muscles of the larynx

so that the How of air through the throat is choked off (the voiced version of H).

* it is the sound produced when gargling (similar to the very strongly rolled Parisian r).

How to oroduce the Semi-eauivalent sounds To produce the glottal stop hawa '('19, a complete closure of the vocal cords is required,

where compression of air is composed then a sudden blow of the air is produced.

The Q (J) is like the normal K except that it is produced when the tongue is very far back

in the throat roof of the mouth.

The r 0) B more rolled than in English.

The 1 (J) u not rolled as it is in English.

The 'a' sound, that is used as a vowel, is sometimes velarized due to word context, as in: Arabic faar (mouse) faas (axe) English 'ann 'and

Greeting Formulas

A. SabaaH iheer B. SabaaH innuur

A. misaa' ilxeer B. misaa' innuur

A. izzayyak / izzayyik B. kwayyis / kwayyisa

Wamdu li Ilaah

A. tiSbaH(i) ta la xeer

B. w inta / inti min ahlu

ahlan ahlan (w sahlan)

ahlan w sahlan ahlan biik / biiki

sq i ida

saciida

sq i ida

satiida ( m q a ssalaama)

Allah yisallimak / ik

Hamdillah tala ssalaama

Allah yisallimak 1 ik

Kull sana w Inta(i) tayyib(a) w inta(i) tayyiba(a)

Good morning Good morning

Good evening Good evening

How are you (m/f) Good (df) Thanks be to God

Good night (m/f)

and you (df) too

Hi Hi (weicome)

welcome welcomed by you (df)

Hello

Hello (welcome)

Good bye

Good bye (with safety)

May God preserve you (m/f)

Thanks be to God for preservation

(said on: arrival from travelling, recovered from sickness saved from bad event ex. accident)

Many happy returns you, too

Common Phrases and Expressions

A. mabruuk B. AUaah yibaarik fiik / fiiki

A. \ukran B. tafwan

A. aasif 1 'asfa B. matlil

A. min faDIak I ik A. law samaHt ( i )

a a y i z (a) I mi[ taayiz (a)

taarif (a) / m$ taarif (a) faahim (a) / mi\ faahim (a)

saakin (a) 1 mil saakin (a)

mumkin / mil mumkin mumkin? fii / mafii f

and! / ma^andiiJ L

Congratulations (may it blessed) May God bless you ( d o

Thanks welcome

Sorry Never mind

Excuse me (said on dismissing oneself)

You may (go on) Take what you (m/f) asked for Take what I am offering

If you please / excuse me If you please I excuse me

If God wills Thanks be to God

I want (f) / 1 don't want (f)

I know ( f ) 11 don't know ( f )

I understand ( f ) 11 don't understand ( f ) I live .... (f) 1 1 don't live ....... (f) Possible I impossible May I? Can I? There is / there isn't I have / 1 don't have

aywa la' bass kifaay a ~ a ~ ~ i b h a a \ i Kamaan taani SaHH maZbuuT

ta laT sawa

fwa?Ya\ WaYYa

Yes

Enough/bui/only Enough OK Also/ too Agaidmore Right Correct

Wrong Together Little by little means

Tabcan Off course

fit Ian True a badan Never giddan/awi/xaalis Very (neg + xaalis = never) dayman Always/ail the time mi\ kida? Isn't i t so? mi\ mq'uul Incredible/ its crazy bi [wee! Slowly kalaam faaqNonsense

yaxsaara What a pity winta(i) maalakfik none of your(m/f) business maalakfik What is the matter with u mafii muikila No problem

I. Question words?

Res: ana ......................... Inta ismak / inti ismik What is your name? ^ Res: ana ismi .........................

y* Whereareyonfiom?

Res: ana min ......................... Inti mida/iti h a 1 feen? 1 y.y i ~heredo you live?

......................... Res: ana saakinlsakna fi

emta? lob gect/iti geeti ?&\ Whendid youcome?

Res: ana get ......................... t ) j) HOW did YOU C O ~ ?

Res: ana geet ......................... bit! @ndak/inti (ik) FI Res: ana tandi ......................... izaazit ilmayya t lam? How much is the 1 ( battle of water?

Res: izaazit ilmayya b ......................... intaliinti him pq Res: ana hina Pa aan .........................

IÑÑÑÑ

into/inti fi 1 , a ? 1 door yrf \ Which floor are you in?

Res: ana f- iddwr .........................

11. YesNo questions? tsl~ 9 .-la.\ *

inta Taalib? Res: aywa, ana Taalib. / la9, ma 111) T d b .

inti T d b a ? Ra: aywa, a m TaaIiba. / I*', am mi ~aaliba.

N0k Y M o questions and their answers are identified by intonation only. The question has a rising pitch white its answer has a falling pitch. - * .

I. Numbers --

&Y\ . \ -- -

Teens Units I - 1

I --A

itneen

talatiin Y 4 >r I

I , - i

I arbiciin t à ArbaFtaajar 1 f I *arbaca f

I 4

xamsiin i ~amastaafar 1 9 1 I xamsa I o I I 0 Ã I I

1 tamaniin I A . ~ a m a n t a a k r 1 tamanya i I I

I 1 pound gineeh I

I I

I -- ^\

1 quarter of a pound I ~ u b p gineeh(iamsa w cilriin id -S'4 &,1 = & 2 7 0

I half a pound nuSS gineeh (x&siin ir7)

1 Note: The word k k means piaster, is used from # 3-10 1 3 piasters / 10 piasters

New Vocabulary ;+A+ nil*- Transliteration I fakka I

I I

the rest (money or otherwise) ilbaa'i I 1 how much (money) Bikaam

the check / bill 1 account IlHisaab I

LA&\ * * * Lid&\

The Arabic Alphabet

Note: The red line represents the iine on / under which the part of the letter should go.

Characteristics of the Arabic Al~habet

1. Many letters have the same shapes and the distinction is made only by the use of dots.

j J i A - A - A + A A +

There is a great conformity in shape bemeen the letter when it appears at the beginning and when it appears at the h d , when it appears at the beginning (or in the middle) the bottom part only is deleted.

Most of the letters have 3 forms, differing according to their location in the word, i.e. how they are joined with the other letters

4. A repeated consonant is not written twice, rather a ' c g J d y * is put on the letter instead. 4

5. There are 6 letters that cannot be connected to the following letters, but could be connected to the preceding ones only.

9

6. The Arabic language makes a clear distinction between masculine and feminine g e n k

The feminine nouns are identified by the ("t" ~ b u u t a ~ l j) at the end.

7. There is a letter that takes different shapes, even when it is in the same l o c a h

(hanua " s "). (glottd stop)

4 (A)$$ ( . 3 ) k J +

8. There are four letters that are velarued (emphatic sounds) and they correspond to their non-velarized (non-emphatic sounds), such as:

Emphatic sounds

Non-emphatic sounds

9. There arc 28 sounds (letters) in the Arabic language, 2 of which are considered semi- vowels because they can take both roles (consonant and vowel). If these two sounds are produced then they are consonants and not vowels.

10. In almost all cams the d is read i in colloquial, except for a few words such as: -

- taQ"ir J+& Qur9aan Qamuus ppu il Qaahira g J h u

Qim dL, Q- J\A Qaanuun -u QmD &A 11. The when is followed by "dip \ appears as such y , or if hand written.

12.' P , j , v are loaned letters and written as such d c a c +

General Rules for the Arabic Script

1. There is a great deal of conformity between the letter and its sound. Almost wery word is written as it is pronounced. There is no opposition to be mentioned (whiie in English such opposition may occur; i.e. beard, heard, bird).

2. Each letter should be emphasized or pronounced cIear!y. The notion of ueating" letters does not exist in the Arabic language, example: doing doin'.

3. There is no capital letter.

4. There is no verb "to be3 in Arabic ex. (idare) only the infinitive f m i s 4 and the past tense (waslwere).

5. Writing is from right to left: the opposite of all Latin languages.

6. The Arabic letters are characterized by having ligatures that aiiow for connecting them together and therefore, from this point, there are no clear cut differences between the written words and the printed ones.

7 . The occurrence of 3 consonants is not allowed by any means. Any circumstances that may result with three consonants (as in the addition of suffies and prcfues), a vowel must be inserted right before the sufix or right after the pmfk This inserted vowd is in most cases the "i" sound. i.e. kusra. -

8. Arabic language writing depends mainly on the cursive connecting system.

9. What usuaily appears in writing is the consonants and the longvow&. Tl~eshor t vowels appear only in the Qur'aan, dictionaries and primmy text books.

10. Punctuation is not consistent and most writings neglect its us& The full stop appears mainly to separate paragraphs. The most commoniy used on- arc the full stop, comma and question mark.

Consonants and Vowels

-- -

The Arabic language has 28 consonants (or sounds) 2 of which are semi- consonan- - - These consonants may occur in the three positigns beginning, middle and/or end.

the

n Y 4

Y !

Y Y

Y Y

T t

Yo

Y 1

Y V

Y A

Note: In this stage, focusing should only be on the shape of the letter as it appears in each location (beginning, middle and end). Reading or meaning is not necessary in this stage.

All letters at the beginning or middle, are supposed to be written on the line except for

3 -> J they go down the line no matter what their position is.

Letters that have upper and bottom parts.

t f / u / & S / d / f t / D " u^/& L ~ / C C E This bottom part is lifted up on the line when they occur at the beginning or middle and bottom part appears again only when they occur at the end.

Note: The upper pages (11&12) are repeated again. Please see end of the book to see how they can be used to help in reading.

y^-VsÑ u -Ã

J-i f-

d - " '

4-4- J-Ã

(J-Ã

(

& A m A

6 <>-L- L

J-A-J

^ J-Ç-

tfd OA- j

1J-p

>-Ã -

U JJ

4 -S <>-+-Ã

e-i- Â

?*

JÃÑ

?-

 d

d 4

J

<*

d

Ñf

J

J

t F

Q

k

I

rn

Â

h

w

Y

11. Vowels is'&u-B <J& . Y (A) Short Vowels I^J-tH (I)

There are 3 short vowels : FatUq Kiwa and l - b m a

the F d a h expressed by x (corresponding toa sound)

TheL-- - JS expressed by x (corresponding to i sound)

the Damma is expressed by x (corresponding to u sound)

Note: that x refera to any letter or sound.

Every letter or consonant must have one of these short vow& t-il~>'(~arakant).

Example: ^ Ã + (ba bi bu) .-

If any of the ktters does not have any of these vowels that means it is a no vowel

situation and the letter appears with a -- £>J on top of i t

0

the Sukuun is expressed by x

Example: 4

These short vow& duk are not part of the word structure They appear the

letter as with the. and D~maorudertbektteraswiththe~

Read:

A repeated consonant Is not written twice, rather a Jadda r instead. Thus the Jadda indicates 2 consonants, the first consonant always takes a "sukuun" sound and thenone of the 3 with the second consonant. If the short vn-1

kasra is*required a it is put under it. . ", >$ -?

E~arnpIe:-~,~~ l-C, , . '

(B) Long Vowels

There arc 3 long vow&: ' @f ~wa'and

The 'oSf \ (corresponding to aa sound)

The y^

The-

(corresponding to ii sound)

(corresponding to uu sound)

They are p u t of the word structure and therefore they appear within the word itself. They are only used to extend the produced period of the short vowel. Each short vowel has its counterpart long vowd. that is, if fatffashould be extended or made longer it should be

followed by a long vowel or m o ~ ( and the only possible maA/ is " similarly the fawn,

takes iff Ñ and the flaimfa takes 4

Example: Read:

(c) Semi vowels

(baa bii buu)

Like in English y ( i f / + and w (3) are Semi vowels. If they areproduced then they are

consonants. - . Emimple: & Example: yam wind

If they are not produced then they are vowels. . Example: < i j l J*- Example: ke Y belo w

Note: Each sound (letter) has two options in regard to vowel production. For example: Short vow& Long vowels bf 4 . 4.

but -A b i

Ñ

bit - bU *

I 4

book 4AÃ

-& j)'j

b a 4 bard &

b e Ñ

bat  ^ b 0 9

4

boss 04

b. 44 4 bar AL b ii

Ñ

beer JM

b uu J*

boot ^Â¥

b" 4 band 44 bee

Ñ

bait "*Ã

b 00 34

boat <*-44

Masculine and Feminine In Arabic, it is a major factor to make a distinction between masculine and feminine words.

I. The Indefinite words -- --

Each word indicates one item only. There is no indefinite article ( ~ n & i h dan) . Example: a student (one student only/ masculine)

a word & (one word only1 feminine)

Rule (2) t SAJ^A Arabic has no verb to be

Eventually, \a and & are respectively masculine and feminine (demonstrative pronoun) i.e. English, this

Example: This is a book.

This is a picture.

Note: The STRESS is usually on the next to the last syllable of the word, unless it is attracted by either a long vowel or two consonants at the end.

I

Example: A long vowel si/kir/teer I

Two consonants at the end fdtirt

(a) Masculine nouns (indefinite)

(b) Feminine nouns (indefinite)

S (A)

Example:

cilba (a box)

cilbit mirabb;(a box of jam)

cilbit mirabbit tuffaaH (a box of jam of apple)

Exception: Some feminine words do not end with "t" marbuta 3Ã / a Example:

sun w L A ground d

hand 4

(feminine by definition)

Note:

head 0"b

girl '-"-( 0

woman CL+M

AH non- animate plurals (fern. & mas.) are referred to as if4 / &J n

* Example: J s - b L - o-J> - y " l j - 4

All animate plurals (fern. & mas.) are referred to as &A - Ã 0 fl

* Example: - - (>-& - 4 - @&(people)

* T encourages S to guess the singular of these plurals.

Exercises L W J ~

Read & say "da" or "di" '&A' Y~ 'hn \>dJ 1.j ( ,

- - - - -

What ? ^\ Who? ^

Look at the picture & ask

-

2 . The definite words ii*i-~Ll~ Ç . Y

All previously mentioned indefinite' words can be made definite by the addition of the .

article &

KUJie 13) 6 ftJL u If the article is attached to the beginnimg of the ww& it makes it definite and the ', - - . inthiscue,bcalled' iUJUirniIOamariyYam

Example: I

If the word b ~ w i t h o n e o f t h e c o 0 9 0 1 @ w r i t t e n b e l o w i n r e d ~ t h e ofthe

lUWte Wick isauimitetedwithit. botherm¥nk,theJisReflectedçdt

Note: the ifl could work both sides influenced by the fuSHa

Exercises - & L d

Exercises (*uiL>Ñ

4 L f l +I ncn I*&\ ( I ) Write "c" for sentence and "&" for phrase à r , <,h-Ja &,\ n&^

4~0.g e A SJ *+ . T

* 9 <AJ-^l ¥Lut J .r '-+,&.I. ~* - -~JÈ \J . t

& & . \ I .o Ã

& & * J L J . I Y &Laid .7

Note: Gender agreement between the noun and its adjective.

New Vocabulary $*A(, dl*.. angry (L)& cheap

(<-)~w.J responsible (4-)J^È difficult (*-)+ easy (*-)J*Ã

Clever

Tallllong

tired

happy

busy

.. .

Rule ( 8 ) . . .

The addition of a suffix (in this u s e the <Ñ/à net . . . .~

vowel (usually a A<wo) for exampl

Read and negate b$J 134 ( y )

(issue -1 &&A * V (+$4 . I

(u) -jL&J\ . A ( s J L ^ ~ M J ~ \ ) y&i~-ii j ~ i \ . T

(4) 9

^wAa^J1 - 4 (^a) ++un .Y

(i&) JjÇ &.ia~\ . 1 . (U) J&& .Ã

( u . ^ . ~ ) uJ;& . \ I (&d) &&id . @

(i&Jl) &- &A\ . I 7 (J ) && a .\ Check the mentioned sentence - -

sJ&-fl iGfl I&* ( ) ¥

A- -4 &a *>l 4) La. \

I ,oak and make sentences w bwj ÃJ b4 ( q

w

Â¥ The teacher mentions one of the mteaces in each item and the students identifk it.

Listen and repeat 1 ~ 3 ~ ( 0 )

New Vocabulary Short (*)a Red

Big

Little/small

Green

Blue

Yellow

White

Black

(S) ^ (L) (>&

Expensive

Note: ~9 (light) , && (dark) and fi&* (bright) are said only for coion.

Unit (1)

Pleased to meet you

I. The Dialogue J J ~ 3 Listen and repeat

- Good evening. - I am Add aod he b Farid

- you're welcomed, where are you from?

- IamAmericanbutsheisfrom Germany. Your are Egypt- aren't you?

- What are you doing in Egypt?

- I am a *dent, I am ahdying Arabic at the ~3 L^J& 'VsÑI 13 American University, and she is also a student ' &¥ 4*~t&1

What do you do? f . - I am a professor in the Egyptian University. v ^ ~ s i is~^s d JU I hi 0

- and I am an employee in the Canadian Embassy.

f

- Pleased to meet you. .iJJLu GJi

- I'm more pleased, good bye .irffiCuit p ' L L l ul

this (is a) university

3

Know

they f* ak a m

Remember la&& Note

Who?

f ram where?

Where?

When? ^

IL Nationalities &4 *a :&Q

- . . . . , . . . - - French

country

Exercises Ask and answer

&.# \A .ui +$ u . \

* .

. w-!i> i i & a . 7

\ . ~ , ^ ~ \ J J Ã ˆ o r

.& ^ 4% . t Ã

.4_J &<&JAÃ J*U .a /

JJSS J) living &s /Â¥ 3 .I .L$J&~L~ & .v J&l JJJbJ'i h - .

.-~^JSy*^1*-^^-'1^ .' .&^diaLiiy~^J~t-.tllyi~fl-.~* .\.

Fill in the ID &a#ah uh4fl . \&I (Y) 4 .

Fill in the blanks

I1 Occupations

Read and match

Verb : He studies (to study)

w*

Note: We always refer to 3" penon masculine as our-bast verb. (See Appendix A)

To change into continuous form attach 4 to the prewt prefix. Example: o à § * .

To change into future form attach to the pruent p d i Fumpk: wJ- -

Drills

t o s p W a +a] to read ^ ^

t o /^

towork 'Ju 0

Uue all thew verb8 with each person ex:

Note that the 4 is the variable that always changes according to person.

Memorize \ & b d Days of the week (t41 p* ; iJlm&) Ft&$l

1 Tlurwiay 4 1 Sunday

Friday

Saturday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Next week / last week ^ i y f f l s , ^ / i s b y f f l ~ & ~ ~

Sorry, <am late

I. The Dialogue

- Never mind this time, pleue come in. Keem, there is a place there, behind Rob.

- Here is OK, in front of the chalkboard. Thanks

- Ok, where is your book, Keem? '

- Oh, I forgot, the book is not inside the bag.

- Comebeddeme,Keem.

- We are on page 3 exercise

- Teacher, I have a question. What does it mean "SafHaW?

- May I say?

- Please (go on) saj Rob.

- "SafHaW means page and "tamriin" means

exercise.

- OK, and bow do I say "1 understand"?

- Say "'ana fahma".

Answer

Rule (1)

Possessive pronouns are used as suffixes. (see Appendix B)

Pronouns are attached to :

Nouns (possessives) Example: ¥A^

+ at -+ *&, Prepositions (object of preposition) Example:

Verbs (object of verb) Example: &dn They take the same form in all cases.

Note: W it h I" persons only, the insertion of "n d" is necessary before the object of verb.

Know

At + possessive pronoun -+ v. to have V. to have 4- J -a + aSe.

We have I have

You (pL) have You (m) have

You (f) have

They have He has

She has

Remember 1 . a Note \$a #

How? ¥ w . Good I Ok Wh

What does it mean? Never mind

What page? Please (m) go ahead...

May I I can I? 1 There is 1 there isn't

There are four caliber of nouns: 2 masculine and 2 feminine (see Aooendix C) S#

> .'* Fern. up s

Masc. J&I*

1 Place

roll

I Note: & - Place = from

& - Time = ago

Example: From the house

An hour ago

1 -21 " ( T ) Sku f l u e eiprosen All carq a defmite article $ when Mowed by a noun the defi i te artkk

Note the prepoi l two ' '- (at) + possessive pronoun -+ verb to have. ex. <J.

Time

Straight away 1 always la fC 1 Morning

Later && ?

After a while 4& &

Two days ago L ) * ~ * ! L ~ N ~

Tonight

Atnight

~ o n g time ago (_l~4J 1 evevning

Yesterday ~Jifl - -

Today bAJi*-a

Tomorrow bJS(

Now

At once

* it is preferable to use a definite article after time and place expressions

Exercises Ask and Answer à ˆ & (>. \J&J \J~*L\ (\)(^ti

Look and answer

Make sentences

dinner LudU\ lesson lunch \a picnic -UÃ

meeting c%'fl

a

match &L

serial &LA\

Verb : He says / to say

~ o t e : he title verb is always the 3" penoii &mime The pronominal always takes a kasra except only when the following vowel is a Dmuna, then in this case, it takes a Damma too. The first person singular pronominal only that always takes a fatHa '

Drills

f

to c m c in J* to sleep

Use dl these verbs with each person ex:

tot*oB t to eat . to put on

J- -Ã

to drink (^JJÑ "

Note: hen i d d m g the prefix + to change the verb into the continuous form, the

clow: usra is deleted except if this kasm is followed by a sukuun.

Memorize \$A\

Months of the year

~ S J L J ~ ~ (M&U lil^c Do you have fresh eggs?

I* The Dialogue JJ-N :YJ!

Listen and repeat

- Good morning ya amm e b d u .

- Good morning, welcome sir.

- I want please Vi kilo white cheese & '/< kilo roman cheese & 2 boxes of rabso & a packet of tea.

- O.K., anything else?

- Do you have fresh eggs?

- Of course, how many eggs do you want?

- Bring me please 10 eggs, and get me also a jar of jam.

- What jam? s

/UÈAÈ

- Apricot jam.

- Here is the white cheese, here is the roman cbeese,and the eggs and the jam.

- Is there good soap?

- There are two kinds, local & imported, which kind do you want?

- I want any good kind .. two soaps are enough, can you put them please in two bags?

Of course, without saying, anything else?

. No, this is enough how much for all ? ~f

(everything), oh I forgot, one yogurt too. Â¥la.! . +i d ftu ~lli '(JJU à ‡ J '9 :id . . Please take, here is everything, the .( &j check is eighteen pounds.

Please take twenty pounds & get the .* . JSwu t r ' u 'la, (JS &i JrtiC! :&3

rest

There isn't change?

(Just) a moment, take please.

Thanks, good bye.

Additional vocabulary &GI

-J

One second/minu te

27

Know

After the question word pu(how many) use the singular noun ex: ?& - Y&L pu There are some nouns that have two plurals.

Example (as collective) &-(Â¥iu~---- &&41.1

(in numbers) &G+$ - dish - JJJ

1 Note that b for masculine & collective nouns, and for plurals.

Remember -

Every 1 any or which

A thing * Nothing

Enough1 but I only '^/& O.K.

u-ah

Note \J * .

Broken or small bills <Â¥

(Just) a moment

The rest (the change) (AH At your service (any time)

Any thing else? (How can I help you?) ?<Au 'lt\

2s

O . #

Sinpular / dual / plurals . Ã ~*>-m :b%

Note: nouns are made into: singular, dual, and plural

The duals are consistent as they all end with (em)& but plurals have several endings { note the pi (tin) (*y 1 9 * I

Ã

Example (m) +id - +&. - If the noun is feminine, the -/Ã changes ita shape into and preceded by ( 1 ) in the plural.

Note that in plurals:

- Most of the feminine nouns end with (aat) ex: Ã ‡ Ã ‘ J I f

- Generally masculine animate nouns end with (iin) & if: 7

- It is prefixed by (mu) Â em. - f

ex: & - - &,& - It has double consonants in the middle ex:

n f

- Masculine nouns ending with (aat) if it is a loaned word ex: a&$\ - - a G N - -

- Masculine nouns with a sukuun in the middle, the sukuun is changed into damma followed by the long vowel J 0 ,

ex: wJJi - ~ p a i - J&I 4- ~ J J - J-~I - j-2

/

i-iLu>u Exercises

Answer in duals J.Ã -! 3 ( I ) &i-J-"

Answer in olural

?w<&a\ll : ,L : &

Plurals with

numbers

Note: With singulars (mlf) the number one (mlf) ÃLl - +\i is written.

With duals sometimes it is written for emphasis.

Note: Numbers from 3 to 10 change as they are followed by plural nouns.

Note: Numbers from 11 onwards, remain unchanged and are followed by singular nouns.

- Read the following ,a\ - \.g& ( Y ) i-n>u

Exception

The word (a pound) a is used with all nouns singular, dual, and plural.

Example a.

The word (a piaster) $3 changed into a different word when dealing with numbers from 3 to 10

Example

&'JS Y b - *'j -kt^ I * ............

Glass

Egg

Hour

Year

Watchklock

Book

Lesson

Line

Bag

Note: - How many eggs do yam want?

I want some / f

Look and Exohin k^&km# - * Ã ˆ &u&l - '

. Note: * The tittle verb is always the 3d person masculine.

The verbs <-AA and <f4^ are used interchangeably to give a command " bring or get ",

while fc? can be formed to fit all tenses, <- A remains in the imperative form only.

Drills

to count ¥IX to put Ki to P ~ Y to buy&^^ f *

to take ^Ñ&& to carry 1 lift (J-j* to spend money (Ñl>>-fl to sell

< .- 0 - /

Use all these verbs with each person ex: & 6 \... . - &J&i\ 61

Memorize \$iJi\ AJu;, AM J, i

4 Seasons of the year

This bridge is "asr inniil" .... very old.

Ohh ... it is very crowded.

Yes, Cairo is crowded generally, and

specially down town.

Thanks God, here is good (to be

dropped) on the right, at this corner,

please.

At your service.

Thank you, please take this is a pound.

What is this, sir, a pound is very little.

Why so?

Because the trip is long and the gaz (oil) is expensive.

Here it is, half a pound over, happy?

Thanks, good bye.

Answer bib ( 7 )

Know

Sometimes or & A occur hforq the noun and sometima they occur the nmm.

Example:

This is a bridge/ this bridge

This li a pound1 this pound

Thb is a corned this corner

1 T U ~ is a university I t ~ i univerttt; i)~w/ifcJ^d~ Note: - The predicate, in example (a), could be either definite or indefinite while the noun

modified by h or j-l in example (b) must always be definite as b o r ~ J a r e definite pronouns and the nouns they modify must be definite also. - Adjectives and the nouns they modify must always agree in being definite or indefinite.

o a

Remember

Oooh!

Where to?

What's this?

Why so?

Becauselin order to

Note \.-d Wondering tf'Ji 44

Rule (1) 1 Sbu When b conies right before the noaa then & is realized u a format subject çn the following

noan is realized as the predicate thus a sentence is compoçed

But if Id comes right after the noun it i s realized as a demonstrative promotan which

faactions ç an adjective thai a phnueis composed.

11. Adjectives &A\ :'@

crazy/ dJ& busy mad easy J \ : u

late Present/ available difficult L.* '.q

Exercises

Get the opposite word

Put the suitable word qA,&l@\&(t) ( u

The weather

wind

dot

hot JÑ

cold

vote: Participles are derived from verbs therefore they function as verbs but are treated as adjectives. Le. they have 3 forms only: mascuJindfeminindpluraL They take the pattern Caacic (masculine)

Cacca (feminine) Cacciin (plural)

Some participles take different pattern s ,* ¥I  . - b a* Emm~le: & - &+a - 9-

Â

Participles are of two h d s : Active as t4 and passive as+$&

wearing MY driving (UA- ^

going out GJA carrying J ¥-

Use all these participles with each person ex:

Note that the participles are mostly used when:

Something has just happened. Example:

Something is about to happen. Example:

wanting J^C. coming / ^4

seeing /

a Something is in static position. Example: (d) 3 (he is wearing, not putting on)

Fill in the blanks

f ft

- 9 & > . c3$ . && night life (kJ . . .

Memorize . The colors ern.) (Y<!l d t & )

f t .

Lesson 5 U+W

Review lessons 1 - 4

Respond to the following a\ yfc ).9& O ) 7ui.lt.i (>. I& .^ J r4- * '

?& homework *\Jl! (J.M?( -l"o

Form questions d J &i \&&\ ( Y )

'54. ,Ji p,^A\

Put the suitable verb J*ill\^aa. ( Y )

Note: With the 1" pcrion, the ' is sometimes deleted sufficed by the fafHa onlywhen a long

~ w c l is following. Example: ÑÑÑ $+

5 1

Put the correct pronoun

9

Identify how many .?. in each picture ÃJJ& JS yi 4 a- <? 4 +S is ( 0 )

1^-1^ .^11 \^ (1) Describe .

~ h i n k well before you answer this item. Which pronoun goes with the verb o" J&?

Get the opposite

Match column (1) to column (2) ( T ) J ^ - J ~ (1) ~^t-fr bh$ (A )

Describe this picture

Unit (2)

I want to get a rounded ticket

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- If you please, may I have a rounded ticket on 9 O'clock train?

- Where do you (mtpolite) want to go?

- I want to go to Alexandria.

- First class or second class?

- May I know how much each?

- First class with twelve pounds, and second class with ten pounds, but class is without air-conditioner.

- No, No, may God preserve you, I like to travel in air-conditioning.

- Take (polite) wait on platform # 5 . the train is about to come.

- Thanks.

mu- * ,>

Know \.Af-1 r

. The vowel accompanying the 4 is always a Kasra except when the following vowel is a Damma

1 then the vowel accompanying the Ñ becomes also a Damma.

Remember \dB\ Note \^ Because of that iJ$ ~~ May God preserve yon. A\

Pay attentionhe careful 4s Have (me do sth) (mil) v + n +&

Stay 1 keep

Until

Without &c^

(there is not) except J (a) May I? Can I? b i t nossible?

II. Present tense (Â jLAtfl) . AJI JStiA : LUG ! Â ¥

The present tense (the infinitive) is usually recognized after: J*am Jtil) &I$.&

Probably

Impossible

supposedly

may be / perhaps / might

possible / can

must 1 necessary

He might go to the library v&i&c~f&!J* . . . :& Note: while the present tense requires modab, die modals can act with all tenses.

Be Participles:

Coming

Keeping on (sitting)

Being able to

He wants to go to the library

Preferring

Trying

Thin king

Sitting/ keep (doing)

?li 1 Intending

If^

Verbs (helping verbs):

wanting

He loves to go to the library

Note: Helping verbs could be used in all tenses yet the following verbs should always be in present (inf.) form.

Use all these verbs with each

to go downlget off to cut e$J . . to take .

person. ex.

Exercises

.i-i.jJl^^AyL&& . t ,&,,AU--j >JÃ * 9

Modal *u

\ .

.L>"^Li-J*-!JÃ .'l

participle --+ Present (infinitive) .&jLsj(Ja-iai'JÃ .V

-O-J '^lcopy(JU. l (JS.Mjà .A Verb 5

.(-i"yiy-Â¥"@JJ .'

Look at the picture and choose the sentence in exercise (1)

59

Fill in the blanks \-&I (Y)&& .

. / Put the sui -, 'table verb i ^ - a ~ i a i & ^ ) ~ * &

Mod& and participles are negated by preceding them with the negation particle

U&-> except witb the modd Li& whicb b negated by a ' ,aa all pmwt tense ' verbs.

However, sometimes &, c o d be negated by & &, the modd

is a negation by definition.

Note: the modab & participles could remain intact and the following verbs are negated instead, depending on what is meant to be said. - He doeÑ' have to go to the university.

Heuuteotgototheooiversity.

He doesn't intend to play today.

He iataMb not to play today.

Note: the word 14 (at all) is used in negative sentences to express strong negation.

Futudpresent

Participle / present

Note: All tenses are acceptable with the helping verbs, however, the verbs that follow should always be in the present form.

Present / present ...(aJ d &&G/& ( i A JÃ 0 \

Past / present ...&, . s&43/d b G J M *+ 3 Continuous / present -& M -^L,J*/UÇ"&+J H *^

--dl ^ * p

..& ( k 3/& 4 JÃ

.a.

# -*Â

Note: In negation; it is usually the helping verb that is being negated, however the main verb might be negated instead depending on what is meant to be said. (see previous page)

(participle)

(helping verb)

(modal)

(pronoun)

(object)

(modal)

(object)

(participle)

(modal)

(pronoun)

.. . d (helping verb)

(participle)

(participle)

(object) &i- i£J& A

4^, Proverbs

&e& Clean the flat well

I. The Dialogue J>AÃ :% p- --

Listen and repeat

- You are late, don't you know that I must go to work?

- You (Upolhe) know, the traffic b crowded.

- OK,goIntothekHcheaqriddy, and wish the d b k , md there ire two shirts in the bathroom w u h the&too-

By the way. There isn't washing soap (Detergent)

Ohh.. OK go to the grocery and bring a box of Persil and also buy two (face) soaps.

All right, anything else?

No, when you (F) go, take the clothes to the iron man, but put them in a nylon bag first Come straight away and don't be late

When I finish, (do) I cook something?

No, it is important to have the flat well cleaned, especially the sitting and bedroom.

Be (you f) sure Madame, it will become (very clean) .& nub '?\L ~1

Know ,

r * Imperatives are derived from the present (infinitives) of 2"* persons only l5mnQk: ?

Remember ijifiil Note \ i .. Dm3 worry (be sure) 4 What's most important

fÇ- Don't

us

By the way gJ

Straight -Y 1 right away

Win .....- ~ihyfe

Cd

II. Imperatives Al JÇ : USU &l iiri 0 Â

(¥J >m- à ft à Imperatives are usuallv reco~nized with clues as

yi-i'+ c3-1 Now &J

i l& &i Immediately 1 at once ¥ la

is*- 5 \ Fast 1 quickly as& . b '$t i &/& Slowly

Don't talk us

Go out

Speak up

Shut up

Understand

Remember

Take

Leave

Listen

Answer

Raise

Look

Say

Come

Go

Drive

Sit

Bring

Get

GO in 1 enter f

Â¥^ Standup .- a

G-11 Come back / return

U Ñ Watch

lit Jl*-i

In negation, the infinitive form is used and not the imperative form although it still stands as a command.

Exercises

Give commands & res~ond

Put the o~oosite in the ern~tv soace

Negative commands are arranged according to their intensity, which is graded from strongest to softest.

Don't you come

Don't come

Note that the intonation identifies the strength of the order. The infinitive form is used in negative commands. . .

, .., -

Don't come (no need to come = advice) -- &&

Irredar verbs Verb: to come

Note:

b& (after+bv.) and (when ...) could be followed by all tenses (present - past - future)

Example:

Continuous

Present (inf.)

Past

Memorize \$ a \\

I have a stomach ache doctor

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- Dr. NabB's clink?

- .What are the clinic's boon please?

- From 8 at night because, in the moroing, the doctor is in the hospital.

- O.K. 9 o'clock is good.

- 0.K

At the doctor's

Good evening, doctor Nabil.

Good evening, what's the matter with you?

I have a stomach ache and I feel that I'm dizzy.

Wondering, do you have headache too?

Yes, sometimes, there is a headache.

Don't worry I will write you a medicine and a vitamin and you will be like (as strong as) a horse.

I hope so.

Please take, here it is the Prescription. There is a pharmacy right down the house.

s> a >

- Thanks, doctor, good bye. .<Lç5lul {-a i J & J ~ i \s :&J

Answer

Know 139 . The continuous usd future tenses are recognized by prefixes being attached to the present tense verbs (or infinitives).

The continuous form prefix is 0 r

While die future tense expresses future action Hie continuous tense expresses progressive action or habitual action Exxmnlft:

He is playing BOW

Remember 1AÃS Note

and Ñ necessitates the deletion of the ofthe I

0 . W\> &\ J&\ &G 11. Continuous & future tenses , . ..

The prefix Ñ attached to present tense (or infinitive) denotes present continuous tense

which expresses two actions :

A. Progressive action (on process) and is usually realized by a key word such as:

Now

B. Habitual action and is usually realized by the use of adverbs of frequency such as:

Every day/weeklmonth/year

Every little while

Alwaydconstantly

Usually

Sometimes

Mostlyloften

The prefix Ñ attached to present tense (or infinitive) denotes future tense which

expresses future action and is usually realized by the occurrence of key words, such as:

Tomorrow

After tomorrow

Later

After a weeklmonthlyear

Next weeklmonth

Next year

In a dayltwo days/weeWmonth/year

,

&LA>

Exercises ¥ ,

WULul. &a \.-& p) ¡. Put the suitable oronoun

' IÇLcl. ii lol] I& ( Y Look at the nicture & make sentences JAà .

Choose the suitable verb +&A\ / \ r

Nepation ( 1 \

The future tense is negated by white the continuous tense could be negated by or &. . . L

Drills ( J U ~ A ~ , '

Note that the ' \ ' is shortened when the prefixes '2 and "A' are used with 1" person

Parts of the bodv -.

Stuffed nose.$> o'& 3 - 0

0

caster ~y . . 'v fflÑtÈÑ crack cOJÑ &¥^^-^ b^Ñ &G g3 . 'f /. ' eye drops ~ $ 2 9 h k 3 inflammed !$3 swaNen G> ~LG .Y

illnesses i A )$I

How did you spendyour holiday?

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat h3 ,> '&I (I) - How did yw sped your holiday, Paul?

- Of course, there was no place on the plane so I reserved a ticket in the train and had a lot of fun there.

- You bought anything from there?

- Ya, I bought presents for my family & my friends.

- What is the moat place you liked in Egypt?

- In fact, a lot of places, especially Alexandria, sham El Sheikh & Aswan, but the most thing I loved in Egypt is the people because they are kind & cooperative.

Rule (1) 3 S ^ Ã ‘ f r

In part tense verbs the long vowel (1) in the middle changei,in 1" & 2"' persous,into either Iwsra

or danuna which means also that the long vowel is being cancelled.

(...... --*^a - - - L.) & (i-ul - /U) <Ñà JLt (Jà (......,..&-~\~-^j-^jL.-&) &(&/6) 4-, a(&)

Know The Arabic i s based on what so called the consonantal root system which is realized by the past tense verb of the 3** penon masculine. IiiaMl& - -

*^-s'a-u->i * A n y w ~ d i s c o m ~ o n e w a ~ o r u M k e r ~ q r ~ ~ ~ n ~ o f i d root. Examolg

J *- ' 0 J . . * t à ‘ e a ~ ~ - t W J ~ - --U-~-~J"JJL-wJ~-< \ Note that the sequence of the 3 letters t>" J remains in all situations.

Remember

* f<cL^ < Ask one another (in PTOUD) - - & I&\ ( Y l . -

* Clan is divided into 2 groups, each group will agree on a city. The two groups ask each other the above questions without revealing the name of the city to the other group. Each group will assign one to take notes on answering the above questions. The group which guesses the name of the city first is the winner. ..

IL Past tense ,-iiim jiM : Ye The past tense verbs are usually realized by some key words such as :

He Reserved -A (3) : d a f t

looked attfor -& met J@ visit 32 loved forgot& liftedtorried-

 * *

Use these verbs with each person ex. L ~ J ~ G - & & & ~ u . *

Look at the pictures and say what happened yesterday.

**& hj \ ( 0 ) & O . .

. . Read this passage & answer ves or no & correct the wronp sentences

Write another story us in^ the words below

Negation /^a -

Read this story GJ-\ \.9A\

Listen & then rearrange the sentences

. . . . . . . . . QLu * \

a...... fy .1 . . . 34 .Y

*.....a (ISA. .t .

Memorize 1 Ç^ J-

SJ-M,

Â

Review lessons 6 - 10 f - 7 tw>a<aà \

nswer the auestions u, I - &

Write the verb with the following pronouns & $L l\ @ lJ*U \& ( T )

Describe these pictures CJ &a\ \j\ ^ J W b (r)

Choose the opposite word

adjective

negative

pronoun

participle

future

hour

plural

noun

verb

command (neg)

opposite

order

Teacher describes the picture, partly correct and partly wrong. Student responds accordingly.

Appendix (A)

List of verbs

This list of verbs is grouped according to how the root verb, which is the past tense 3* person masculine, differs when it is changed into the present tense or the infinitive.

The title verb is always the 3* person masculine. It is the base verb on which all conjugations are based.

Group 1 h+

(-4) J'iccac Cacac (B) Yiccic

( C ) 1-uccuc

(A) Yiccac English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To erase YimsaJ3 + F To appear YiZhar A &

Yibda' To starthegin I* 14

To forbid Yimnat

To steal Yisra'

TO P Y Y idfat

To cash YitbaD

To open Y ifiaH

To send

To take off Yi'lat

To cut Yi'Tat

To raise Yirfat

To beat Y iDrab

To surpass Y isba'

(B) Y iccic Enxlish Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To write

To occupy

To promise

To reserve

To study

To close

To describe

To wash

To dolmake

To dividelsplit

To spend (money)

To draw

Yiktib

~ & i l

Yiwtid

YBgiz

Yidris

Yi'fil

YiwSif

Yicsil

Yitmil

Yi'sim

YiSrif

Yirsim

(C) Yuccuc English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To ask forldemand YuTlub & &' To cook YuTbux

To enterlgo in Yudxul * e &4 &J

To leavelgo out Y u m g CAI cs To thank ~ u J k u r

S Y sf To sit

To dance

To feel

Group 2 y h + l

cicic + g ~~~~~ uccuc

(A) Yiccac English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To hearllisten to

To drink

To ride

To amve

To know

TO succeed

To fail

To get tired

To play

To have breakfast

To get bored

To understand

To win

To lose

To laugh

, To be able to

To prefer

To returdcome back

To ascendgo up

Yismat

Y i] rab

Y irkab

YiwSal

Y itrat'

YingaH

YistaT

Yittab

Yiltab

Yiffar

Yizha'

Yifham

Yiksab

Yiksar

YDHak

Yi'dar

YifDal

Y irgat

YiTlat

(B) Y iccic English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To wearlput on Yilbis A 4 To descendlgo down Yinzil

To hold Yimsik

To go farlgo away

(C) Yuccuc %nglish Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To become patient YuSbur 9 J >

J+'+ w To live (resident) Yuskun * i+ To keep qui c t Yuskut w *

Group 3 LW ;-cicc

Cicic -cucc (A) Y-cicc

English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To lovellike Y -Hibb

To count

To feel

To lose wait

To smell

To gatherlcollect ,

To make wet

To pedorm pilgrimage

To pull

To cheat

To wraplgo around

To ring

(B) Y-cucc English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To putlkq down Y-HuTT

To look , Y-buss

To answerlrespond Y-rudd

ro cut Y-IUSS

To knock Y -dul'

To push Y-zul*

To jump Y-nuTT

Group 4 i ^c'w^

(A) Y-ciii English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To liftlput away Y-(iil JJ>UU

* * JU To leave Y- siib - + To try on Y-'iis

To bringlget Y -giib

To lose Y-Diic

To sell Y-biit

To tease Y -f-iiZ

To add Y-Diif

To live Y- t i i ( &b To be absent Y-f-iib '-Y* +l&

To get jeolous Y-@ir ^ 9

(B) Y-cuuc English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To see Y- Juuf & LiLu

To fast Y -Suum ^ - ?h

To pass by Y-hut &J &li

To drive

To die

To visit Y-zuur JJA JÈ To become hungry

y-guut To kiss Y -buus

To wear out Y -duub

To go Y-ruuH

To say Y-'uul

To be Y-kuun

To become spoiled Y-buuZ

To taste Y -dud L & To get up Y-'uum ^ t To swim Y - p u m ^ alfr

Group 5 oh+ (A) Yicca

Cici -4 (B) Yicci (A) Yicca

English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To forget Yinsa 0

A, ^Â¥ To approvelto be satisfied YirDa

^~r f t à To wake up YiSHa

IS9 if To become sick Yitya & & To become emptylfiee YifDa ^ ^

(B) Yicci English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To run Y igri 0

&J . &J* P

Group 6 ^^Â¥J^ (A) Y icci

Caca (B) Yicca (A) Y icca

English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense / - ' -

To sign YirnDi &, IS To iron Y ikwi d 0

To intend Yinwi is& &$

To throw Yirmi ^Â¥ (JO

To relate Y iHki A * 0 - 0

To buy Yi tiri ~f$+ &W\, To begin Yibtidi && \^\

(Bl Yicca English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense To become Yib'a d

A, 'A- To find Yil'a ^ To read Yi'ra

y"

\A ^ Group 7 v A-

Caccac ÑÑÑÑ Ycaccac Caccic .- Ycaccic

To clean

To return (sth)

To paint

To try

To finish

To change

To prefer

To tearlcut to pieces

To think

To lose (sth)

To stoplquit

To go home

To yell

To offendlupset

To s h o o ~ ~ k t ~ ' - ~ )

To cry

To think

To decide

To repeat

English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense ^ -

Y-naDDaf ? : ^L^&

To joke

To farewell

To distribute

To searchlfind out

To sew

To investigate

To spend the summer

To speak toltalk to

To offedintroduce

To switchlshift

To substitute

To color

To kill

Group 8 A L J - ~ - .

Caacic ÑÑÑà Y-caacic

English rans slit era ti on Infinitive Past tense

To study Y -zaakir $4, @

To travel Y-saafir A , JL To meet Y-'aabil &

To try Y-Haawil ~h &

To discuss Y -naatiJ du( &U

Group 9 ^&J-*^>

English rans slit era ti on Infinitive Past tense

To speak up

To learn

To work

To graduate

To watch

To be assurred

To be late

To get married

To sightsee

To have lunch

To have dinner

To stroll

To wait

To rest

To become mad/crazy

To get used to

To be happy

To remember

To borrow

To apologize

To contact/call (phone)

To summerize

Yitkallim

Yitcallim

yijta@

Y itxarrag

Y it farrag

YitTamrnin

Y it'axxar

Yitgawwiz

YitfassaH

Yitf-adda

~ i t e a f i a

Y it ma&

Yistanna

YistirayyaH

Y itgannin

Yiteawwid

YinbisiT

Yiftikir

Yistilif

Yttizir

YittiSil

YixtiSir

Note that: The first verb of every group only, carries the vowels and the rest of the verbs follow the same vowels

The 1rregular Verbs i& &I

English Transliteration Infinitive Past tense

To come Yiigi (J^JJ <a. TO eat yaakul JSU &(bi To take Yaaxud J & i / i

To sleep Y imam f , iH

To be afraidscared Yixaaf dLj dL& 4

Yu'af 4 To stand 4 / y

To promise Y i ~ i d ^Â¥ .&

Obj

ect o

f pre

p.

& :

Att

ache

d to

pr

epos

ition

Obj

ect p

rono

un

r. 9.. A

ttac

hed

to v

erb

Poss

essi

ve p

rono

un

In A

ttac

hed

to n

oun

(pro

nom

inal

)

Form

al s

ubje

ct

pron

oun

-i, I U

natt

ache

d

Appendix (C)

Four Caliber of nouns (2 masculine & 2 feminine)

Masculine ending with oneconsonant- s Masculine ending with two consonants. Feminine ending with one consonant before (t) marbuta and its associated Fatha. GJ-S Feminine ending with two consonants before (t) marbuta and its

y -ia> associated fatha.

rt-^ Q* No insertion of vowels is needed Insertion of vowel is needed in areas

where suffixes started with consonant *

Insertion of vowel is needed in all areas Insertion of vowels is needed in areas

where suffixes started with consonant

Note:

Group 1 and group 4 are opposite situation while group 2 and group 3 are similar situations.

13

Notice that:

The vowel inserted is always a S J Ã ‘ xexcept when there is only

one consonant separating the inserted vowel from the suffix. Then the inserted vowel should agree with the vowel within the suffix itself, this is what is called vowel harmony.

The vowel preceding the suffix of the 1" person (sing.) and 2nd person (masc. & fern.) and 3 person (masc.) is associated with it.

The associated Fatha 'x preceding the (t) marbuta ( in the feminine noun) is deleted (as in group 3) except when the result is 3 consonants, then the insertion of a kasra x is needed before the (t) marbuta.

In feminine nouns where the insertion of vowel is needed, it is inserted before the production of the (t) and the vowel is always a Kasra x .

Survival Arabic

Vegetables -

English Tanslitration

xar juuf Artichoke

beet root carrots

chick peas

cucumber

garlic

grape leaves

green pepper Jew's mallow

onion

potato

radish (white)

scallions

squash/zucchini

swiss chard

olives

bangar

g z a r Hommoss

xi yaar

toom

warat tinab

filfil axDar

moloxiyya

basal

baTaTis

figl baladi

basal axDar

koosa

salt

zatuun

English Tanslitration

beans

cabbage cauliflower

eggplant

green beans

green wheat

lettuce

okra

peas

pumpkin

radish (red)

spinach

sweet potato

tomato

lemon/lime

olives (green)

Fruits

fasolya

kromb arnabiit

bedingaan

fasolya xaDra

firiik

xaSS

bamya

bissilla

as? tasali

figl aHmar

sabaanix

BaTaaTa

TamaaTimIuuta

lamuun

zatuun axDar

bananas mooz 1 cantelope kantalop

apples tuffaaH

cherries Kireez dates balaH

apricots m i b i J

raisins

i n a b

zibiib

coconut gooz el hend figs tiin

guava gawaafa

mangoes manga

mulberries tuut

peaches xoox

persimmon kaka

plums bar'uut

strawberries faraw la

tangerines yousafandi

melon f arnmaam

oranges bortotaan

pears kommetra

pineapple ananaas

pomegranate rommaan

sweet melon [ammaam

water melon baTTiix

grapefruit grapefrut

Meat

veal LaHma betel10 mutton LaHma Daani

beef LaHma kanduuz pork LaHm xanziir

ground beef LaHma mafruuma

fish samak duck baTT chicken firaax

pigeon Hamaam

lamb uuzi

YOW* laban zabaadi

sour cream i ~ a FallaaHi

Dairy

cream chease labna

egg beeD milk laban

Staples

butter zibda cream i(ta

coffee ahwa

tea \ a a ~ noodle makaroona

spaghetti spagetti

flour di'ii' lentils ta ts

lentils (yellow) ta ts asfar

cracked wheat borcol

sugar sokkar

rice rozz

semolina simiiT

yeast xamiira lentils (black) ta ts isswid

Nuts

almonds looz coconut gooz el hend

pistachio nuts fozdo'

hazelnuts bondo'

allspice

bay leaf cardamon

celery

chives

choves cumin

dill

garden rocket

ginger

leeks

nutmeg

oregano

pepper (black)

pepper (white)

salt storks bill

buharaat wara' lawra

Habbahaan

karats

kurraat

unmfil

kammuun

abat

gargiir

ganzabiil

korraat

goozt iTTiib

zattas

filfil iswid

filfil abyad

malH

mistika

peanuts suudaani

pine nuts sineebar

walnuts teen gamal

Spices

tamarind

anise basil

carraway cinnamon

coriander

curry garlic

raddish

liquorice

mint

onion

peppercorn

pepper (red)

sesame chervil (green leaves)

tumeric

Materials

tamr hendy

yensuun riHaan

karawya irfa

kozbara

kaar y

toom

fi gl

i r ' suus

n i t naaf

basal

filfil Habb

filfil aHmar

simsim

Kosbara xaDra korkom

gold dahab silver faDDa iron Hadiid

copper naHaas aHmar

brass naHaas asfar

chrome h u m

glass izaaz

aluminum alamunyum

Cloth

cloth 'umaas silk Hariir wool Suuf cotton otn polyester polyester

velvet aTiifa plain saada checked karohaat stnped mi'allim

Glossary

Nouns are put in their indefinite form (e.i. without J1)

Food Holiday Meeting Pharmacy News Week Professor Name X-ray Friends Yesterday Exam We've been entertained Room Door Rest (n) Packet Exactly Sea Orange Cold (weather) Cold (ailment) Jar French frieslpotatoes Card Grocer Tips Tomorrow Country Girl Gadoil Pant s/trousers Door man Salesman House/home Egg Historyldate Ticket Dust Table We've been honored

' akl agaaza

agzaxaana axbaar

ism

as i t f-a aSHaab

imbaariH imt iHaan anistuuna

ooDa baab baa'i baaku

b-izzabt baHr

burtu'aan bard bard

barTamaan baTaaTis biTaa7a

bukra balad bint

benziin banTaloon bawwab

beet beeD tariix

tazkara turaab

t arabeeza a jarrafna

tuffaaH

"iW (JAU feu" tl&lJ

43 iA3 u 9

tit;

Report Repetition Air-condit ioner Icelsnow Male nurse Exercise Seconds University Cheese Waiter Newspaper Butcher Shoes Sentence Nationality Weather Letterlanswer Neighbor Thing Immediatelylat once Hot (weather) Accounthill Horse Party Barber Bathroom Pigeon Dialogue Wall Service Map Cash machine Specially Vegetables Warm Dizzy Study (n) Class (i.e. in train) Lesson Shower The world (it is) Medicine Turdfloor Noise Tactfulness Opinion Man Picnicltrip Rice Platform Humid

tikraar takyiif

talg tamargi

sawaani

gibna garsoon gurnaal gazzaar gazma

ginsiy ya g a-

gawaab giraan Haag a Haal an Harr

Hisaab Hu Saan

Hafla Hallaa'

Hammaam Hamaam Hiwaar Heeta xidma xariiTa xazna

xuSuuSan xuDaar daafi

daayix diraasa daraga Dars

d"S s dawa door

daw [a zoo ray

raagil rHIa

Prescription Chieflboss Yogurt Colleaguelclassmate Question Clock/watch/hour Plumber Basket Chalk board Woman Speed Line Embassy Dining table Secretary Salad Stairs Fish Teeth Year Driver Tourists Street Tea Window Personal Middle East Clever (pi.) Chess Maid

Cook Flat Left (direction) Sun Bag Month Check Soap Morning Headache Page Picture Pharmacist Noon Queue Fresh Student Cook Of course

ruritta rayyis

zabaadi zimiil su 'aal saaca

sabbaak sabat

subbuura sitt

surca saTr

sifaara sufra

sikirteera salaTa sillim samak sinaan sana

sawwaa' suyyaaH J sari;_

J say ibbaak

a"a \ imaal \ ams 4 S anta

^ 5 eek Sabuun SubH

Sudaat SafHa Suura

Saydali Duhr

Tabuur Taaza Taalib

Tabbaax Tabtan

2 1 Plane Officer Normal~usual

Colloquial

Arabic

Car

Policeman

Dinnerlsupper

Because

Juice

Box

Generally

Address

Clinic

Patientlsick

Family

Lunch

Laundry Fruits Chicken Janitor Blanks Opportunity Dress Classical Classroom Breakfast Verb Change(smal1 bills) Camation(very clean) Money Artist Broad beans Dictionary Department Train Piece

Sitting Penlpencil Shirt Coffee Glass Book Copybook Chair Tie

Tayyaara Zaabit

kasiil fakha firaax farra

farakaat furSa

fustaan foSHa faS1

fiTaar

fakka full

fuluus fannaan

fool Qamuus

Qism 'atr

QiTta

'utaad 'alam 'amiis 'ahwa

kubbaaya kitaab

kurraasa kursi

karavatta

Note book Enough Dog Word Electricity Electrician Bridge Ball baglpurse Meat Nice Until If Color Night Late Museum Dual Stuffed Wallet Storelshop Local Teacher Managerldirector Jam Time (once) Comfortable Boat Fan Hospital In a hurry

Amazed Imported Serial (TV) Problem Apricot Way Grilled Kitchen Rain Singer Restaurant

Never mind

Stomach ache

Key Place Desk/office Librarylbook casehook store Iron man Air-conditioned

kaJ kuul kifaay a

kalb kilma

kahraba kahrubaa'i

kubri koora

kiis l a m a laTiif

litaayit l a w loon lee1

mit axxar matHaf

maHfaZa maHal

maHalli mudarrisa

mudiir mirabba marra

mirtaaH markib

marwaHa msta\fa mistatgil

mustawrad musalsal

muftaaH makaan maktab maktaba makwagi mukayyaf

Nurse Forbidden Suitable Engineer Transportatiodtraffic Utensils Employee Water Square (of street) Appointment Birth Club People Comer (of street) Calendar Carpenter Stars Eye glasses Same Number Day time River Light Kind Sleeping ISlle (river) Presents Clothes Wind Homework Middlekenter Face Job BOY Right (direction) Day

mumamda mamnuu; - munaasib muhandi s

muwaaSalaaT mawaLiin muwaZZaf

mayya midaan micaad miilaad naad i naas

naSya natiiga naggaar nuguum naddaara

nafs nirnra nahaar nahr nuur

noom niil

hadaay a huduum

hawa

walad

^ / V * ' \ O :^+I^.

.. - -. I. S.B. N. 977 - 19 - 7930 - 2 +a*

'+l yl iJWl *I ^ ancient Egyptian are the masters of the written word

had an impact on the flourishment of civilization in the word