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www.eia.gov U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis
EIA Drilling Productivity Report
For Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University October 29, 2013 | New York, NY By Adam Sieminski, Administrator
The U.S. has experienced a rapid increase in natural gas and oil production from shale and other tight resources
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 2
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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Rest of US Marcellus (PA and WV) Haynesville (LA and TX) Eagle Ford (TX) Bakken (ND) Woodford (OK) Fayetteville (AR) Barnett (TX) Antrim (MI, IN, and OH)
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
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2.4
2.8
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Eagle Ford (TX) Bakken (MT & ND) Granite Wash (OK & TX) Bonespring (TX Permian) Wolfcamp (TX Permian) Spraberry (TX Permian) Niobrara-Codell (CO) Woodford (OK) Monterey (CA) Austin Chalk (LA & TX)
shale and tight oil production million barrels per day
dry shale gas production billion cubic feet per day
Note: Dry shale gas production data are based on LCI Energy Insight gross withdrawal estimates as of June 2013, converted to dry production estimates with EIA-calculated average gross-to-dry shrinkage factors by state and/or shale play. Source: EIA based on DrillingInfo and LCI Energy Insight
Key insights on drilling productivity and production trends
• Higher drilling efficiency and new well productivity, rather than an increase in the rig count, have been the main drivers of recent production growth
• In the six plays considered, steep legacy production decline rates offset new well production by 69% for oil and 73% for natural gas
• Understanding the positive and negative forces that affect production volumes in a given region allows the estimation of the number of rigs required to make up for the natural loss of production from existing wells
• Considering new and existing wells separately helps to highlight plays where the growing number of relatively new wells leads to large monthly declines in legacy production, putting more pressure on increasing production from new wells in order to keep net output rising
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 3
4 Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
A little drilling history
Rig counts and natural gas production appeared to be coupled during 2006 and 2007
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500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
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500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000 rig count
U.S. natural gas production billion cubic feet
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc. rig count, EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook
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gas production natural gas rotary rigs
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Before 2006, changes in natural gas rig counts did not suggest subsequent changes in production
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1,000
1,500
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2,500
3,000
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2,000
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3,000 rig count
U.S. natural gas production billion cubic feet
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc. rig count, EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook
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gas production natural gas rotary rigs
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Gas-directed rig counts no longer serve as a useful metric for natural gas production levels
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500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
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500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000 rig count
U.S. natural gas production billion cubic feet
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc. rig count, EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook
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gas production natural gas rotary rigs
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Rig counts, either gas-directed or total, no longer serve as a useful metric for natural gas production levels
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500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
oil rigs
total rig count
natural gas rigs
oil and natural gas rig count and natural gas production U.S. rig count
billion cubic feet per day
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc. rig count, EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook
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natural gas production
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Rig counts, either oil-directed or total, are no longer an adequate indicator for oil production, which has continued to rise in 2013 despite a leveling of rig counts
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Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
oil directed rigs (left axis)
total rigs (left axis)
rig count U.S. crude oil production
million barrels per day
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc. rig count, EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook
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oil production (right axis)
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Oil and natural gas are increasingly developed from the same wells
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
oil
gas
both
37%
56%
share of new wells by type of hydrocarbons produced
Source: EIA analysis of data from DrillingInfo, Inc.
10 Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
In 2011 and 2012, more than half of all new wells produced both oil and natural gas
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0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
oil
gas
both
count of new wells by production type
Source: EIA analysis of data from DrillingInfo, Inc.
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Natural gas producers adapt their formation in line with market value
0
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Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
dollars per million Btu (right axis)
Eagle Ford new well gas/oil production ratio Mcf/bbl
12 Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report, EIA Short Term Energy Outlook
natural gas price dollars per million Btu
production ratio Mcf/bbl (left axis)
EIA’s Drilling Productivity Report (DPR) uses a series of new metrics to assess the production and depletion trends of oil and natural gas wells
• Rig count
• Well classification
• Drilling efficiency
• Productivity of new wells
• Production and depletion trends
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 13
Drilling efficiency can be used to relate the number of rigs to production from new wells
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 14
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1 1.2 1.4
Eagle Ford drilling efficiency wells per rig per month
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600
1200
1800
2400
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100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Eagle Ford first full month’s production per well
Bbl/day Mcf/day
Six key plays account for nearly all recent growth in production
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 15
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
DPR methodology
• Monthly additions from one average rig – Represents EIA’s estimate of an average rig’s contribution to production of oil and
natural gas from new wells
• New-well oil/gas production per rig – Represents historical estimated monthly additions from one average rig coupled
with the number of total drilling rigs as reported by Baker Hughes
• Legacy oil and natural gas production change – Represents EIA’s estimates of total oil and gas production changes from all the
wells other than the new wells; the trend is dominated by the well depletion rates
• Projected change in monthly oil/gas production – Represents the combined effects of new-well production and changes to legacy
production
• Oil/gas production – Represents oil and natural gas production from both new and legacy wells since
2007, based on all wells reported to state oil and gas agencies
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 16
Rigs needed to sustain production in the Eagle Ford play
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 17
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
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300
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
rig count estimated rigs needed - oil estimated rigs needed - natural gas
Eagle Ford rigs needed to sustain prior month’s production
Rigs needed to sustain production in the Bakken play
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 18
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
rig count estimated rigs needed - oil estimated rigs needed - natural gas
Bakken rigs needed to sustain prior month’s production
DPR fills in missing data due to lags in state reporting
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Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14
Data Data and DPR Estimates DPR Forecast
oil production in 6 key plays million barrels per day
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 19
May-13
Oct-13 Aug-13
Source: EIA analysis of Drillinginfo data
20 Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
Backup slides
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 21
DPR Bakken page
DPR methodology: step 1 – monthly additions from one rig
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 22
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
Monthly additions from one average rig: Monthly additions from one average rig represent EIA’s estimate of an average rig’s contribution to production of oil and natural gas from new wells. The estimation of new-well production per rig uses several months of recent historical data on total production from new wells for each field divided by the region’s monthly rig count, lagged by two months. Current- and next-month values are listed on the top header.
Bakken
Marcellus
October 2013 drilling data through September, projected production through November
DPR methodology: step 2 – rig counts and production per rig
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 23
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
New-well oil/gas production per rig: The charts present historical estimated monthly additions from one average rig coupled with the number of total drilling rigs reported by Baker Hughes.
DPR methodology: step 3 – legacy production decline
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 24
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
Monthly additions from one average rig: The charts present EIA’s estimates of total oil and gas production changes from all the wells other than the new wells. The trend is dominated by the well depletion rates, but other circumstances can influence the direction of the change. For example, well freeze-offs or hurricanes can cause production to significantly decline in any given month, resulting in a production increase the next month when production simply returns to normal levels.
DPR methodology: step 4 – production change
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 25
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
Monthly additions from one average rig: The charts present the combined effects of new-well production and changes to legacy production. Total new-well production is offset by the anticipated change in legacy production to derive the net change in production. The estimated change in production does not reflect external circumstances that can affect the actual rates, such as infrastructure constraints, bad weather, or shut-ins based on environmental or economic issues.
DPR methodology: step 5 – total production
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013 26
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report
Oil/gas production: These charts present oil and natural gas production from both new and legacy wells since 2007. This production is based on all wells reported to the state oil and gas agencies. Where state data are not immediately available, EIA estimates the production based on estimated changes in new-well oil/gas production and the corresponding legacy change.
For more information
Adam Sieminski, EIA Drilling Productivity Report October 29, 2013
U.S. Energy Information Administration home page | www.eia.gov
Drilling Productivity Report | http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/drilling
Annual Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/aeo
Short-Term Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/steo
International Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/ieo
Monthly Energy Review | www.eia.gov/mer
Today in Energy | www.eia.gov/todayinenergy
State Energy Portal | http://www.eia.gov/state
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