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EIONET Perspective – UK’s experience of air quality assessment
Janet Dixon
Air Quality and Industrial Pollution Programme
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK
Contents
• Introduction• Air Quality Assessment
• Now• Future
• GMES • Potential Opportunities• Potential Obstacles
• Conclusions
Introduction
Need a balance of: • Observations; natural and social sciences;
and research & modelling• Observation platforms
• Ground (in situ)• Balloon• Aircraft• Satellite
• Observation types• Campaign• Long-term monitoring
Air Quality Assessment - now
• EU, national, regional, local statutory assessments• Generally consist of
• Monitoring (in situ; Long Term Monitoring)• Modelling • Emissions inventories
• Used for:• Compliance assessment against EU Directives,
UNECE protocols, national objectives, local targets• Policy assessment –
• Pre-implementation - cost benefit and/or effectiveness analysis
• Post-hoc analysis
In situ monitoring across EEA countries
• Data available for calibration of satellite observations
• Generally high quality (fully QAQC’d to EU standards
• high temporal resolution (hourly over whole year)
• of known uncertainty (<15% or 25%)
• Capital 60k Euro, Running 25k Euro per yr
Pollutant NOx PM10 CO SO2 O3
No of sites in Airbase
2770 2349 1164 2074 2015
Air Quality Assessment - now
• Pollutants – NOx, SO2, PM10, O3, CO, PAH, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, benzene (+ 26 other hydrocarbons)
• Information brought together by member state (including zone boundaries, populations, pollutant concentrations, exceedences of limit/target values)
• Reporting – compliance – manual on excel spreadsheets
Data flows
• Data available around 45 mins after end of hour• Important: public information; industrial operators
0
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1987
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Co
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Rural ozone sites
Urban background ozone sites
Roadside PM10 sites
Urban background PM10 sites
Levels of ozone and PM10: 1987-2007
United Kingdom
Source: AEA, Defra
Monitoring and Google Maps
MappingEmissions and Concentrations
• Pollutants – additional• Improved assessment of uncertainties• More encouragement to using modelling
• Reporting methodologies – more automated
• Information for AQ brought together from a number of sources through INSPIRE/SEIS
Air Quality Assessment - future
Non-statutory assessments
• Event investigation• Saharan dust; fires; industrial incidents
• Research• Academic• Campaigns
• Epidemiology• Exposure assessments
Pollution event investigation
Particle episodes
• March 2007 – fires in the Ukraine
• Elevated PM10 over much of UK
• Publicly available reports
Conclusions
• Balance of observations – type, location• Opportunities
• Verification of emission inventories (AQ & GHG)
• Tracking of AQ episodes• Costs – product; additional to current• Availability – products, data• Uncertainties – accuracy, precision• Resolution – geographical (area and
height)/temporal