EL MARISCAL FRANCISCO SOLANO LOPEZ - 1926 - PORTALGUARANI.pdf

8/13/2019 EL MARISCAL FRANCISCO SOLANO LOPEZ - 1926 - PORTALGUARANI.pdf

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_FRØG LI IX\F MO_F

" C f t`rfgäf lisfpfrih`ø c`fhi dæs l& tri`g

tf f öm s5 pirm ig cf hmghìgh`f pf rfku fyfacmtfg tmlfväf `lifs y sigt`dìgtms li sud`s`øg, hmdm nfy ig guistrm tidpirfdigtmcf `glmcigh`f m cf `girh`f" .

Li ug tìdpm f istf pfrti c`f rihrulih`lm mtrf viz cfhfdpföf kcmrà`hflmrf lic dfr`shfc Arfgh`shm XmcfgmCøpiz qui si vìgi nfhìglm sm hfpf li "gfh`mgfc`sdm"pmr cms qui trftfg li igl`msfrcm, prisigtæglmcm hmdm ugfa`kurf ixtrfmrl`gfr`f, hucd`gfgti y òg`hf li guistrfn`stmr`f, hmdm ug supirnmdori kig`fc y prmv`ligh`fc,hmdm ug l`ms, huyf vigirfh`øg nfy qui `dpmgir fc huctm lic puiocm pfrfkufym, pmr àc vibflm y sfhrà`hflm.

X` is virlfl qui hìrtfs l`v`g`lflis fgt`kufs, fc `kufcli fckugms kuirrirms qui nfg icivflm su pilistfc smorihrægims nudfgms, ix`käfg hruigtms sfhrà`h`ms f sus `g

aic`his fld`rflmris, ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz puili a`kurfrf bustm tätucm igtri istms kig`ms lic d fc5 pirm ig dmlmfckugm igtri cms krfglis hmgstruhtmris li pftr`fs, igtricms krfglis oigiafhtmris li cf nudfg`lfl g` igtri cmskig`ms tuticfris l`kgms lic rispitm y ic fdmr li cmspuiocms.

Ig isti sigt`lm, s` ic dfr`shfc li cms "tròugfcis li

sfgkri" y virlukm li sus prmp`ms nirdfgms y fòg lisu prmp`f dflri, hmdm cm auirf tfdo`àg li tmlms sushmghùlflfgms y li cf dflri pftr`f, puili a`kurfr l`kgfdigti fc cflm li Kigk`s-Efg m \fdircæg, li \òir`my li Girøg, li Ft`cf m li Dmcmin, ig dmlm fckugm puilipmgirsi fc cflm li cms krfglis prmhiris fgt`kums y dmlirgms, yf si ccfdig Liuhfc`øg m Igifs, [fsn`gktmg mXfrdìgtm (*).




“ ä “

Ic pirs`stigti idpiöm li trfgsa`kurfr f ug t`rfgm smdoräm hmg ic `gtigtm li lipurfrcm y fosmcvircm li sus v`h`ms

y hruiclflis, li su vfg`lfl y li sus fdo`h`mgis, li sus`gst`gtms sfgku`gfr`ms y li su motusf digtfc`lfl pfrf rivist`rcm hmg kcmr`fs y nirmäsdms usurpflms f su puiocm,is ig rifc`lfl ug lic`tm n`stør`hm tfg krfvi y rivicf ugfpirturofh`øg tfg augistf hmdm puilig sircm cf usurpfrh`øg y ic lispmbm hmgvirt`lms ig gmrdf li cf v`lf smh`fc.

Zmr ism fgti ugf foirrfh`øg sidibfgti qui is ugf lis

gfturfc`zfh`øg li cms pr`gh`p`ms dmrfcis, is digistircivfgtfr ugf viz dæs cf vmz li prmtistf li cfs fcdfs`ghmgtfd`gflfs y gm liscudorflfs pmr ic mrmpic li susafcsms cfuricis.

Ic icmk`m hmgsfkrftmr`m i `ghmgl`h`mgfc tìgi fòg mtrmripfrm. F cf usurpfh`øg li cfs fbigfs kcmr`fs, dàr`tmsy suar`dìgtms, ig cms qui gm tuvm cf digmr pfrt`h`pf

h`øg àc dfr`shfc sòfr`tf, òg`hm qui gm pfsø nfdori, g`sil, g` aft`kfs, g` s`gt`ø cfs li su puiocm ig cf cfrkf ytirròci v`f-iruh`s pmrqui cm hmglubirf, si fkrikfg cmsfrristms li quìgis pmr sä y fgti sä si ir`kig fulfzdigti ig buihis y si hriig hmg lirihnm f prmgugh`fr sigtigh`fs `gfpicfocis, hmg dfgàìstf `gvfs`øg li ftròuh`mgis y auirms qui hmrrispmglig ixhcus`vfdigti f cf pmstir`lfl .

Istf kigirfh`øg ig huym sigm fòg fcìgtfg smoriv`vìgtis y fhtmris li cf trfkil`f, pmr ug icidigtfc pr`gh`p`m y ouig sigt`lm n`stør`hm gm puili sir cf ccfdflff prmgugh`fr ic afccm lia`g`t`vm, g` tfg s`quìrf istægtird`gflms cms lioftis smori cms qui `ghudoi f cms pøstirms lih`r cf òct`df pfcforf.

\mlfväf nfy qui ishuhnfr duhnfs pruiofs li hfrkm ygm is ixfctfglm cms ispär`tus, aucd`gfglm rihr`d`gfh`mgisy lihritfglm ixhmdug`mgis pfrf cms qui gm mp`gig licd`sdm dmlm, qui si fhril`tfræ cf bust`h`f li cf hfusfqui si `gvmhf.

Cf àpmhf li cms prmhil`dìgtms `gqu`s`tmr`fcis, li cfstmrturfs y lic tirrmr nf pfsflm aic`zdigti y quilf søcm




hmdm tr`sti rihuirlm li ugf n`stmr`f còkuori qui gm ispmsòci rinfo`c`tfr g` riv`v`r.

Cibms li prmofr gflf ig afvmr, istf `dpfhìgh`f rivicf pmr sä smcf ofstfgti lms`s li `gtiràs y fòg li pfs`øg, gflf rihmdiglfocis pmr hìrtm, y fhusfg søcm icfaæg lisfsmsikflm li frrfgifr f cf pmstir`lfl pribgz-kfdìgtms, qui smg sìdpri `gfld`sòcis, cm d`sdm igcf n`stmr`f qui ig ic auirm hmdòg.

Is digistir istul`fr tmlms cms icidigtms li bu`h`m y

pisfrcms duy litig`lfdigti fgtis li sushrò`r hmdm buizcm qui søcm nf pml`lm frkó`rsi hmdm pfrti `gtirisflf.Nfo`àglmsi pirs`st`lm lurfgti ug cfrkm pirämlm li

tìdpm ig cf bfhtfgh`msf tfrif li igzfczfr cf didmr`fli fquic træk`hm kmoirgfgti, is bustm qui tfdo`àg sihmgmzhf ugf pfrti, hufglm digms, li cms duhnms hfrkmsqui pisfg ig ic mpuistm pcft`ccm li cf ofcfgzf. F a`gli pmgircms fc fchfghi li cfs guivfs kigirfh`mgis, afh`c`tfglm su ixfdig, cf "Bugtf Zftr`øt`hf" cms riògi igistf morf.

Ig iccms quilf li dfgàìstm, igtri mtrms nihnms,“qui is digistir civfgtfr pr`dirm, fgtis li pmlir civfgtfr ug dmgudigtm qui igfctizhf cf didmr`f lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz “ cms s`kuìgtis pugtms2

c 0 Vui cf liaigsf lic tirr`tmr`m gfh`mgfc gm tuvm pf

rf fquàc mtrm vfcmr g` mtrm fchfghi qui ic li ̀ ghmrpmrfrcmlia`g`t`vfd igti f su pftr`dmg`m.

? ' Vui `kufc list`gm tuvìrmg cf amrtugf pòoc`hf' ypr`vflf, d mo`c`fr`f i `gdmo`c`fr`f li cms nfo`tfgtis tmlms lic pfäs.

8 ' Vui cf hmgt`gufh`øg li cf kuirrf gm auà pfrf àcmtrm prmocidf qui cf hmgt`gufh`øg lic dfglm y su ibir

h`h`m ig cf amrdf dæs orutfc y t`ræg`hf li qui nfyf didmr`f. '•

< ' Vui pfrf fhfccfr pfrf sìdpri f sus liskrfh`flfsväht`dfs y bustà`hfr ic lispmbm li sus oìgis, trfgsair`lms f su pihuc`m, cfs igvmcv`ø ig ug prmhism `gafdfgtiy cfs smdit`ø f tmlf hcfsi li tmrturfs hmdm dil`m lifrrfghfrcis afcsfs hmgais`mgis y fhusfh`mgis qui pfsfräfg






pmr cf pftr`f, puis søcm dur`ø hufglm auà fchfgzflm igsu `kgmd`g`msf hfrrirf, f ugfs qu`ghi huflrfs lic hfdpm li cf fhh`øg.

Ni fquä f cm qui" quilf riluh`lf cf ciyiglf lic lihfgtflm nirmäsdm lic Dfr`shfc y cf smgflf liaigsf lictirr`tmr`m pftr`m, qui tuvm ic ouig hu`lflm li ishr`turfrf sus nirilirms, igtrikæglmcm bugtm hmg cf amrtugf litmlms sus nfo`tfgtis, f ugf flvigil`zf, `dpuistf f cfamrzflf flmrfh`øg li cf huctf smhìlfl pfrfkufyf y

f su prmp`f afd`c`f, qui bfdæs ci pirlmgfrmg tfc liprfvfh`øg .

Z`àgsisi ig tmlms istms nihnms y lispuàs läkfsi ighmghìgh`f s` lioig icivfrsi istftufs y ftrmgfrsi cmsf`ris hmg n`dgms y cmfs fc "krfg tirftøcmkm" qui l`birf-li àc lmg Bufg X`cvfgm Kmlm`.

P p`àgsisi, ig hmghcus`øg, ig istf pfrf lmbf2 m Cøpizauà ug sfgtm hmdm pritiglig sus fpmcmk`stfs, y igtmghis smg hucpfocis cms d`ccfris li nàrmis y li dært`ris`gdmcflms pmr fquàc, `ghcusm sus dæs aìcis sirv`lmrisy nfstf cms ixtrfgbirms qui sfhrà`hø lisp`flflfdigti,cm qui ig ic dibmr li cms hfsms, s`kgà`hfräf qui istfof

ig hmgtrf suyf tmlf cf gfh`øg ig cm qui àstf tigäf lidæs s`kgà`hflm y hfcà`hflm, m, f hmgtrfr`m sigsu, tfgnmrriglfs y aräfs dfsfhris auirmg søcm cf morf li ugft`rfgäf ixihrfoci y s`g bustà`hfh`øg pmsòci, fgti L`msg` cms nmdoris.

(* ) Cf d`tmcmkäf krìkf ig ugf nirdmsf y prmauglf fcikmräf, s`domc`zø ig Liuhfc`øg ic prmtmt`pm lic nàrmi hmgstruht`vmqui ripmocø su pftr`f lispuàs li ug hftfhc`sdm. Igifs, auk`t`vmli \rmyf, lurfgti sìti föms li pirikr`gfh`øg, hfrkø f huistfshmg su fgh`fgm pflri. Nfy fckugf làirigh`f hmg cf hmgluhtfmosirvflf pmr ic D fr`shfc Cø piz , listruhtmr li su puiocm, quiprih`p`tø y fdfrkø hmg su `gtidpirfgh`f ic a`g li su pflri, ccikfglm nfstf `dpmgirci ug tistfdigtm suhismr`m ig su cihnm lmigairdm pfrf suhilirci ig ic pmlir y hmgligø fc supc`h`m y fcf duirtm f su prmp`f dflri, nirdfgms y nirdfgfs.







Y G C @ O _ M L I C X _ . K M L M

(Zrøcmkm f cf morf "Ic fsfctf f cms fhmrfzflms.“ Ic

Hmd fglfgti Bmsà Lmcmris Dmcfs")

@

Hmdìgzf ic còrm hmg ugf li shr`ph`øg `gsup irfoci li fquiccf d`tmcøk`hf fvigturf li cms fhmrfzflms, qui is pfrf dä cf prmizf dæx`df li guistrfkuirrf .

' ' I xp il `h`ø g s`g prihiligtis ig cf n`stmr`f “ ishròi ic futmr, ria`r`àglmsi f isti nihnm li frdfs “y dæs `dpmgigti y d`stir`msf qui cf li cms "Frkmg f u t f s " 5 idprisf l`kgf li hähcmpis “ pulìrf

fkrikfrsi “ y qui istfof fo `g`t'`m hmgligflf fcarfhfsm, pmrqui cms l`msis gm hmgsìgtig qui cms nmdoris si cis `kufcig.

Cf pmlirmsf afgtfsäf lic siömr Kmlm` riprmluhiic lrfdf hmg tmlf su nørr`lf oiccizf, Fc ia`hfzhmgburm li su pcudf, cms nàrmis guistrms riv`vig

y, f guistrf v`stf fsmdorflf, idpriglig li guivmsu airmz hmgtìglf. P f dil`m s`kcm li l`stfgh`f,hmg cms girv`ms hr`spflms li pfvmr, prisigh`fdmsic nmdàr`hm hnmqui. P si gms riprisigtf ic hfp`tægKigis, `dpæv`lm, sikfglm v`lfs hmg cf aucdägif ispflf, oiccm y s`gìstrm f cf pfr, hmdm ic Ægkic li




“ 6? “

cf D ui rti 5 ic kfccfrlm Dmcfs, smgrìglm fc pi c`krm

qui ci hirhf, huoìrtm li nir`lfs y ftigtm søcm flirròfr hmg trf r`ms 5 tmlms fquiccms nàrmis, ig a `g ,qui smori cf istrihnf huoìrtf li ug ouqui, si nfccfg igtrikflms f cf aur`f li dftfr, arigàt`hms, tirròcis, `dpcfhfocis.

Cf cmorikuiz li cf gmhni5 ic pfvmrmsm s`cigh`m qui

prihil`ø fc istruiglm lic hmdofti5 ic ftigtflm fvfgzfr li cms gu is trm s5 su hfuticmsm ccikfr fc pì licfhmrfzflm5 ic ræp`lm fomrlfbi, ic istupmr li cmslishu`lflms dfr`gms, cms kr`tms fnmkflms, li pfvmrli cms ugms, li hmrfbi, li cms mtrms5 ic hnmhfr licms fh ir ms 5 ic trmgf r li cms hfö mg is 5 ic rml fr li

cfs hfoi zfs5 ic hmrrir li cf sf g kr i5 tml m istm ri hm orf ig cf digti lic cihtmr su präst`gf rifc`lfl pmriaihtm li cf dæk`hf ivmhfh`øg.

` Oìg nfyf cf pcudf qui fhìrtf f morfr istms d`cfkrms, y tìgi cf v`rtul li `gaugl`rgms, pmr ug`gstfgti s `quìrf , ic -t`tæg`hm fcìgtm li guistrms

p f l r i s¡ Vuà smo iro`m nirmäsdm àsti qui li tfg d fk`strfc

dfgirf gms lishròi ic siömr Kmlm`, y quà dfkgäa`hm lisprih`m li cf v`lf ic li fquiccms nmdoris linìrrm, qui gm hmgtfofg ic gòdirm li sus igid`kms5qui ig aræk`cis hfgmfs idoistäfg ouquis ighmrfzf

l m s 5 qui, lìzdflms pm r prm p`ms y ixtrföms, ynfdorìgtms y lisgulms, fc hfom li h`ghm föms lirulm y hmgt`gum hmdoft`r, sikuäfg cuhnfglm hmg cfd`sdf `gtrip`liz y pubfgzf qui pr`dirm

G`gkòg puiocm nf dmstrflm bfdæs tfgtm liguilm, tfg hmdpfhtm sigt`dìgtm gfh`mgfc, tfg istr`htf




“ 68 “

l`sh`pc`gf, fogikfh`øg tfg krfgli, hmdm ic guistrm

ig su kuirrf li h`ghm föms.G`gkugm tfdpmhm dæs `gamrtugflm. Zu kgf glmsìdpri ig cf prmpmrh`øg li ugm hmgtrf lìz, `gair`mr ig frdfdigtm, dfc gutr`lm y lisgulm, hmg ugigid`km fouglfgti li hufgtm f àc ci afctfof, sunirmäsdm s`g pfr nuom li istriccfrsi sìdpri ig

istms afhtmris li cf supir`mr`lfl hmgtrfr`f. P pfrfqui gflf afctfsi f su lisvigturf, isti puiocm cikiglfr`m y òg`hm pmr su cifctfl y l`sh`pc`gf, y suairvmrmsm pftr`mt`sdm, auà hìg vihis smspihnflm litrf`h`øg f cf pftr`f, y tmrturflm y lìzdflm pmristf hfusf

P ni fquä qui, s`g quirir di ni dit`lm ig ichmrfzøg li cf vixfäf quhist`m2 ½A u à ic D fr`shfc C ø piz ug krfg pftr`mtf m ug t`rfgm fomd`gfoci=

Hmgtistfglm, hæcfdm hòrrigti, f ugf hfrtf pm càd`hf qui di l`r`k`ø läfs pfsflms ug fprmvihnflm istul`fgti li bur`spruligh`f, nuoi li isomzfrd` pigsfdìgtm smori istf huist`øg ig cf s`kuìgtihfrtf, qui f tätucm li,mp`g`øg däf smori ic pugtm,riprmluzhm ig isti cukfr.




“ 6< “

Fsugh`øg, ?9 li Dfym li 6060.

Xiömr lmg Bustm Zfstmr Oigätiz •

Duy siömr däm2

Ni ciälm hmg ic `gtiràs qui ic fsugtm dirihi, cfhfrtf qui ustil di ishrò`ø f prmpøs`tm li ugf arfsi däf hmgtig`lf ig d` frtähucm smori Ruo`zfrritf,ic v` ib m. I s ic mo bitm li su hfrtf, sikòg pf rihi ,nfhirdi fosmcvir pms`h`mgis, hmdm lih`dms ig guistrf birkf tròugfc`h`f, smori ugf sirì li pugtmsricfh`mgflms, sikòg ustil, hmg cf susml`hnf arfsidäf. L`km "sikòg ustil" pmrqui, pmr dæs vuictfs

qui lmy f cf hmsf, gm fhìrtm f lishuor`r ic dæsridmtm pfrigtizhm isp`r`tufc igtri fckugms li l`hnms pugtms y cf ixpris`øg fcul`lf.

½Nfocà ym , pmr vigturf , li "dìlm f c t ` rfgm" ,g` lf f igtiglir cm qui l`bi qui ym hrif ig àc=Pm hrim, sä, qui nuom ig ic Zfrfkufy, ig cms läfs

li cf kuirrf, ug krfg dìlm f Cøpiz, ug tirrmr pæg`hm søcm hmdpfrfoci hmg ic qui nuom li ri`gfr ig_mdf ig cms tìdpms li cfs krfglis t`rfgäfs li \òir`m y li Girøg5 y fòg hrim qui, hmg tigir istidìlm, cf kigti gm nfhäf gflf li dæs. Zirm, hcfrmistæ, qui isti dìlm gm tìgi gflf qui vir hmg ic

mtrm dìlm (ic lic huigtm li u s ti l ), m sif, ic qui,sikòg fckugms, auà hfusf lic nirmäsdm pfrfkufymig cf kuirrf.

Is `glulfoci qui, fc amrducfr sus hfrkms hmgtrf Cøpiz si ci auà cf dfgm fc lmhtmr Oæiz duhnmdæs là cm qui pulìrf ixhusfrsi5 y f d` `gtiràs




“ 69 “

hud pci lihcfrfr qui gm istmy hmg àc ig , d uhn äs`

dms pugtms, fugqui sä ig ic duy isigh`fc li fomd`gfr li cf t`rfgäf y lic t`rfgm, ccædisi àsti Cøpiz, Arfgh `f q Girøg .

Gm istæ, s`g idofrkm, smcm ic qui l`bm, g` is tfgl`spfrftflf cf tis`s, qui ic tidmr lic t`rfgm pulmigkiglrfr cfs fhh`mgis nirm`hfs li guistrms pflris.Ystil qui, gm mostfgti sus pmhms föms, nf ciälm tfgtm yf, rihmrlfræ qui ig su Q`lf li Dfrhm Orutmishròi V ui vi lm 2 " y gm smg pmhfs v`htmr`f s cfs quinf fchfgzflm ic tidmr pmr lisispirflm, gm pmr vfcìgti". Dfs, gm nfocidms yf li istm, qui is ixhusflm, puistm qui g` ustil g` ym hriidms qui"guistrms pflris auirmg vfc ìgtis pmr .dìlm" .

Ygf prikugtf, lisfrrmccflf cuikm ig mtrfs huftrm, di nfhi ustil "hmg ug flfrdi li `gtigh`øg" ,qui pulìrf risuctfr ouigms qu`gtfcis, smori ugf"fa `rdfh`øg" däf , qui ig r `kmr gm is tf c . Cm quiym ixprisà ig fquic ishr`tm, hmdm istflm ps`hmcøk`hmli cms smoriv`vìgtis f cf kuirrf, is dirfdigti

hmgbiturfc, luo`tft`vm, hmdm cm lf oìg hcfrm f igtiglir ic "fhfsm" qui, gm f nudm li pfbfs, istæpuistm fnä.

Zirm s` ustil di fpurf, fòg pmlrà, ig mosiqu`msuym, supr`d`r ic riair`lm fhfsm, y libfr, igtmghissä, hmdm ugf fa`rdfh`øg c`sf y ccfgf, cf arfsi fcu

l`lf pmr ustil. P ig isi hfsm cf fpmyfräf ig ictist`dmg`m li dæs li ug vitirfgm li fckugf hmghìgh`f (lf cf hfsufc`lfl, pmr hìrtm duy s`kgà `hft`vf, qui tmlms cms pfrfkufyms li fckugf `custrfh`øg, lic tìdpm li cf kuirrf, nfyfg s`lm fgt`-cmp`ztfs, ic Z. Dfäz `ghcus`vi) 5 f cms hufcis vitirf-






“ 6; “

puistm f hmgvig`r hmg ustil (tfc, fc digms, hrim

qui is su mp`g `øg ) ig qui ic D fr`shfc C øp iz au àug nàrmi dæx`dm y "ug krfg pftr `mtf kig`fc" ,hmdm ci ccfdf ic siömr Xtiafg`hn, hmg tfc qui ustil di pruioi cm s`kuìgti2

6=“V ui ic D fr`shfc C øp iz gm d fglø d ftfr,tmrturfr g` frru`gfr f cf dfymr pfrti li cf kigtidæs l`st`gku`lf li guistrm pfäs, ig cm `gticihtufcy ig cm smh`fc5

?=“ Vui , auirf li Cmd fs Qf cigt`gfs y HirrmHmrf, si ci v`m ig fckòg hfdpm li oftfccf5

8"“Vui pfrt`h`pø, ig fckugf dil`lf, li cfs pigur`fs qui ig tfg fctm krflm suar`ø su ibàrh`tm5

<=“Vui tuvm prmofo`c`lflis li kfgfr cf kuirrf

lispuàs li Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, ig ic hufc hfsm cirihmgmhirà li ouig krflm ic lirihnm li nfoir ccivflm f su puiocm nfstf Hirrm Hmrf5

9=“Vui gm igv`ø amglms lic Istflm fc ixtir`mr,hmgs`kgflms f 'su quir`lf5

1=“Vui gm rikfcø f àstf 86:9 cikufs li tìrrfs

pòoc`hfs, li isi d`sdm tirr`tmr`m qui àc lihäf liaiglir 5 y

;º“Vui gm nuyø, sfgm fòg, lic hfdpm li oftfccf li Hirrm Hmrf.

Istfs smg cfs hmgl`h`mgis s`gi qwòus gmg li d`hmgvirs`øg fc hrilm li ustil5 fugqui, oìg d`rf

lfs cfs hmsfs, tfc viz, auirf dibmr qui g` ustil g`ym gms hmgvigh`àsidms. ¡A `kò ri si ustil ic ishæglfcm qui hmg iccm lfräfdms ig isti pfäs lmgli smgtfg auirtis cfs hmgv`hh`mgis

Zmr cm qui f dä rispihtf, oìg sfoi ustil qui gmdi fg`df ic ispär`tu li prmsic`t`sdm, g` di igtur-




“ 6> “

o`f ic pihnm ic qui cf kigti pìgsi m gm hmdm ym.

Gm smy `løcftrf li d` mp`g`øg, cf hufc sà qui gm.tìgi mtrm dàr`tm qui ic li sir s`ghirf5 y tmlfs cfsqui tigkm, flidæs, smg prmv`s`mgfcis, nfstf dibmrvir .

Ig cm lidæs li su hfrtf (6) istmy fs`d`sdm lifhuirlm hmg ustil. Pm tfdo`àg hrim tmlm ism quiustil hrii5 søcm qui ic sir cfs hmsfs hmdm ustil yym cfs hriidms, gm dibmrf g` ig ug æp`hi cf hfusflic cmp`zd m. Zf rf d ä àsti gm tìgi s`kgà`hfh`øgs`gm fc dmlm hødm Cøpiz n`zm cf kuirrf, trftø f supuiocm y dfgibø cfs r`quizfs lic Istflm.

Ic qui cf kuirrf nfyf tig`lm cfs hfusfs ihmgød`hfs, n`stør`hfs, kimkræa`hfs y lidæs qui ustil

igudirf y ym gm l`shutm, ½ixhucpf, pmr vigturf,fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz li cfs dftfgzfs li Xfg Aiä 6-gfglm, lic ixtird`g`m li su puiocm ig ugf kuirrfs`g pì g` hfoizf, g` lic virkmgzmsm pihucflm li cfs8.::: cikuf s= P , ½rih uir lf ustil qu`àgis aui rmgcms sfhrà`hflms ig fquiccfs nihftmdois 6 Zuis gflf

digms qui ic äghc`tm Oirkis, vfrøg hcfräs`dm li `gdfhucflf n`stmr`f, ic huctäs`dm lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz,nirdfgm lic Dfr`shfc, ic fgkàc`hm Mo`spm Zfcfh`ms,li `gamrtugflf y sfgtf didmr`f, ic kigirfc Ofrr`ms,huöflm lic prmp`m Lìtflm` ' , y pirsmgfbi li krfgv`sm ig fquiccf smhìlfl5 ic kigirfc Orukuiz, d`c`

tfr li ishuicf y nmdori li krfg l`st`gh`øg smh`fc5ic hmrmgic Fcid, ugm li cms d`c`tfris dæs `gstru`lmsli guistrm fgt`kum ibàrh`tm5 Kudirs`glm Oigätiz,`gticihtufc li cf àpmhf , rilfhtmr lic "Xidfgfr`m" 5

(6) Xi riaìri f cfs hfusfs li cf kuirrf.




“ 60 “

Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, mtrm huöflm lic Dfr`shfc 5 Buc`f

gf @gsarfg, ispmsf lic `gamrtugflm hufgtm nirm`hmliaigsmr li Nudf`tæ, y hirhf li d`c pirsmgfbisdæs, qui, fugqui li digms s`kgà`hfh`øg li cms fgtir`mris, irfg cm dæs l`st`gku`lm li guistrm pfäs.

Zirm, amrzfglm ug pmhm cfs hmsfs, pulìrfg ixpc`hfrsi istfs dftfgzfs pmr fquiccm li cfs hmgsp`rfh`m

gis, oìg qui istm d `sdm sif y f ug auir ti frkud igtmhmgtrf Cøpiz5 cm qui gm tìgi ftflirm, cm qui ym gmsà hødm nfyfg li hmdpfk`gfr cms cmp`ztfs hmg icpftr`mt`sdm li su älmcm, is ic gikmh`m fquic li cfs8.::: cikufs li tìrrfs pòoc`hfs qui Xmcfgm Cøpizrikfcø f su qui r`lf. C f d uirti li fquiccms hù lf lfgms pu lm sir òt `c f cf liaigsf gfh`mg fc sä, p m rn`pøtis`s, sìglm iccms dfcms pftr`mtfs, nuoìsig istflm hmgsp`rfglm hmgtrf ic kmoìrgm qui ighfrgfrfisf liaigsf5 pirm, ½hødm, pmr løgli pmläf nfoirfprmvihnflm f cf hfusf gfh`mgfc, f cf liaigsf li cfpftr`f, cf ishr`turfh`øg li isfs tìrrfs f afvmr liugf dubir qui gm tigäf l`girm hmg quà pfkfrcfs=P, fòg supmgìglm qui cm nuoìsi tig`lm, ½quà pmläf nfoir nihnm Cøpiz hmg isi l`girm, f`scflm hmdmsi nfccfof tmtfcdigti lic ristm lic duglm=

Ni l`hnm qui cf d`sdf n`pøtis`s (qui g` rihnfzmg` fld`tm) li cf hmgsp`rfh`øg pfrf bustà `hfr cfsdftfgzfs li Xfg Airgfglm is ug frkudigtm hmgtrfCøpiz, pmrqui, ig iaihtm, s` auà virlfl, d`ri ustilqui nfoir tig`lm qui hmgsp`rfr hmgtrf àc ug nmdori tfg ihuæg`di y li tfg fhiglrflm pftr`mt`sdmhmdm Oirkis5 ug pricflm tfg sfgtm hmdm ic Mo`spmZfcfh`ms, fd`km suym flidæs5 smclflms tfg l`kgms




“ ?: “

y vfcirmsms hmrgm ic kigirfc Orukuiz y ic hmrmgic

Fcid5 sus nirdfgms y, lispuàs, nfstf cf prmp`fd fl ri ¡ \fc nforäf s`lm ic nmd ori y tfcis cfshmsfs

P gmti ustil qui fquiccms tìdpms gm irfg hmdmcms guistrms, ig qui ic hmgsp`rfr is hmsf aæh`c, gflfpic`krmsf y, pfrf fckugms, nfstf cuhrft`vf, sikòg

l`hig.Gm lishìglm li cik`mgfr`ms, f L`ms krfh`fs, g`

ccmrm cf hfälf li g`gkugm li cms däms ig cfs nihftmdois hmg qui ic Dfkgm Frt`stf fdig`zfof lihufglm ig hufglm su trfkil`f5 tfdpmhm tigkm, igtri d`s fshiglìgtis, g`gkòg t`rfgm li dfymr g`

li digmr hufgtäf5 fsä qui puilm hriirdi còri liprimhupfh`mgis niril`tfr`fs smori isti pfrt`hucfr.Ni ciälm ug pmhm, y ni ccikflm f afd`c`fr`zfrdihmg cf virlflirf krfglizf li cms nmdoris qui cfnfg tig`lm rifcdigti5 puis oìg2 ni li hmgaisfrf ustil qui, f lispihnm li d` ouigf vmcugtfl li

pfrfkufym, gughf ni pml`lm nfccfr gflf krfgliig Xmcfgm Cøpiz, hmdm gm sif su ikmäsdm, yf qui,su hruiclfl, qui auà fs`d`sdm tfg krfgli, gm isdæs qui cf airmh`lfl li isi ikmäsdm.

½Vuà v `rtulis tuvm= ½Fogikfh`øg= L`ms cf l ìr f 5 ½vfcmr= pusm ic dfymr idpiöm ig gm dmstrær

gmscm5 ½lis`gtiràs, prmo`lfl=, cfs 8.::: cikufs istæg kr`tfglm ig hm g trf 5 ½fus tir`lfl=, cf siömrfCyghn sfctf f lisdigt`rcf5 ½pftr`mt`sdm=, ic ixtird`g`m li su puiocm ig ugf kuirrf s`g ispirfgzfli v `htmr `f prmhcfdf cm hmgtrfr`m 5 ½hfr`lfl= , smdorfs li cfs väht `dfs li Xfg Airgfglm, ¡nfocfl




“ ?6 “

½ Vuà ristf, puis, ig C øp iz , li cm qu i puili hmgs

t`tu`r cf krfglizf dmrfc li ug nmdori=Gm sirà ym quìg lishmgmzhf cf igmrdi dfkg`tul

li cf a `kurf n`stør`hf lic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz5 oìg sàym qui sus nihnms nforæg li ccigfr duhnfs pæk`gfsli cf n`stmr`f li Xu l Fd àr`hf . Zi rm vifdms quàhcfsi li krfglizf is cf suyf.

Lms smg, f d` vir, cms pr`gh`pfcis kàgirms li cfkrfglizf n`stør`hf2 cf qui si auglf ig cf v`rtulm ic kig`m, y cf qui si h`digtf ig ic hr`dig pirpitrflm ig krfgli ishfcf. Zirtigihi fc pr`dir kàgirm cf krfglizf n`stør`hf li [ fsn `gk tmg , pmribidpcm, y li Gfpmciøg5 fc sikuglm, cf li \òir`mGirøg, Ft`cf y lidæs fzmtis li cf nudfg`lfl. Zuisoìg2 f isti òct`dm kàgirm, qui pul`àrfdms ccfdfrirmstræt`hm, pirtigihi cf krfglizf n`stør`hf lic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz.

Zirm mosirvm qui, s`g quirir, di ni suo`lm f cfhætilrf, y, hmgtrf d` hmstudori, istmy pmgtà `hfglm lisli iccf. Cf hucpf cf tìgi isti dfcl`tm Df

r`shfc, qui f tmlms nf li sfhfrgms li qu`h`m. L`s`duci ustil cf piquiöf pilfgtiräf, y flicfgti.

½\uvm Cøpiz tfcigtm d`c`tfr, m pmcät `hm= Li kig`m gm nfocidms, qui auirf duhnm pil`r. Cfs liWsfstrmsfs ixpil`h`mgis f Dfttm-Krmssm, Hmrrìgtisy \Brukufyfgf, y ic g`gkòg àx`tm li sus hfdpföfs

y oftfccfs (virlfl is qui àstfs gm cfs còrfof àc)gm pfrihig `gl`hfr ug tfcigtm d`c`tfr duy l`st`gku`lm. ½P su tfcigtm pmcät`hm= M duhnm di iqu`vmhm, m is ic d`sdm qui, hmg `kufc àx`tm, nf dmstrflm ic kmoìrgm fcidæg ig cf kui rrf qui. si istætird`gfglm.




“ ?? “

Huigtfg sus hmitægims qui irf ic Dfr`shfc nmd

ori `gtic`kigtäs`dm, pmsismr li tris m huftrm `l`mdfs, qui nfocfof f cf piraihh`øg, y li ug gmtfocilmg li kigtis5 idpirm, ustil nforæ li hmgvig`rhmgd`km ig qui ic duglm istæ ccigm li istf hcfsi linmdoris, qui v`vig y duirig hmdm s`dpcis dmrtfcis, s`g qui gflì si fhuirli li ir`k`rcis istftufs.

½Vuà dæs qu`sìrf ym s`gm qui ug `gl`v`lum lid` rfzf, hmgluhtmr li su puiocm ig ugf krfg kuirrf, nuoìsi s`lm tfc, qui dirihìrf sir puistm fccflm li ug Omgfpfrti, pmr ic kig`m, m li ug [ f-

sn`gktmg, pmr cf v`rtul= Zirm s` ic nmdori gm lfli sä, ½quà ci nidms li nfhir= Cf kcmr`f gm si afor`hf fprîs hmup.

Oìg sà ym qui cf l`virkigh`f li guistrfs mp`g`mgis smori C øp iz gm p rmvìgi s`gm li cf làirig ti dfgirf hødm, cms li ugm y mtrm ofglm, igtiglidms qui lioi ishrò`rsi cf n`stmr`f. Ystilis quìrig ishrò`rcf f cm \ri`tsinei2 lfglm sìdpri tmlfcf rfzøg f cm prmp`m y cf s`grfzøg f cm fbigm.

Vuìrig nfhir n`stmr`f gfh`mgfc, hmdm hmgvìgi fcf Gfh `øg 2 fl dfbmrid ripòoc`hf ut`c`tftid.

Gmsmtrms, pmr ic hmgtrfr`m, pigsfdms qui cf virlfl n`stør`hf lioi ishrò`rsi, hf`kf ic qui hfyiri,sft`safkf m gm f guistrm fdmr prmp`m hmciht`vm, hmgvigkf m gm f cf Gfh`øg. Zr`dud vigtfs, li`gli

pftr`f pulìrf sir guistrf l`v`sf.F lv ì rtf ustil qui cf ishuicf li \ri`tsinei cci

vf lirihnm fc dfqu`fvic`sdm, hmdm cm pruiof cfgiafglf arfsi li su l`sh äpucm Licoróe2 "Oigl`tfsif cf dfgm qui afcsà `hø ic ticikrfdf li I d s " .

Is duy cmfoci, s`g lulf, isti aàrv`lm pftr`mt`s-




“ ?8 “

dm li ustilis, qui cms ccivf nfstf cf bustà`hfh`øg

li cm `gbustà `hfoci, søcm pmrqui hmg iccm fgluvmdizhcflf cf pftr`f5 dfs gm nfy qui mcv`lfr qui, pmrigh`df li guistrfs iaädirfs pftr`fs tirr`tmr`fcisy sus licizgfocis `gtirisis, istæ ic `dpir`m `lifc licf virlfl, f huyf smoirfgäf lioidms pci`tm nmdigfbitmlms cms nmdoris, y huyms `gtirisis smg trfshigligtfcis y itirgms.

Zirm ½f quà hfgsfrgms ig istfs `gòt`cis pmraäfs,hufglm g` ustil, g` ym, g` g`gkugm li cms pfrfkufyms, qui nmy fcìgtfg ofbm ic smc, nidms li istfocihir cf virlfl lia`g`t`vf smori Cøpiz y cf kuirrf=Gms cm vilf guistrf d`sdf hmgl`h`øg li hfs` hmgtidpmrægims lic L`htflmr y li cms nihnms hmg àc

ricfh`mgflms.Zmlidms, s`, tigir mp`g`mgis, y àstfs pmlræg sir

dæs m digms fhirtflfs5 pirm is hfs` sikurm qui cflia`g`t`vf li cf pmstir`lfl gm nforæ li sir ixfhtfdigti `kufc f g`gkugf li iccfs. Pf vi ustil quigm di hrim pmsismr ixhcus`vm li cf virlfl, hriig

h`f qui pmr mtrf pfrti gm si nuoìrf fvig`lm oìghmg d`s hufrigtf y h`ghm föms, yf qui f istf ilfl,•sfcvm qui si trfti li ug digtihftm, auirzf is quiugm nfyf pirl`lm fckm li isf flmrfoci hmga`fgzfig ic sfoir prmp`m, y li isf lic`h`msf prmpigs`øg ffa`rdfr hftikør`hfdigti cfs hmsfs, qui suicig hfrfh

tir`zfr f cf buvigtul.Gm istfrà, hmdm l`km, ig pmsis`øg li tmlf cf vir

lfl, y d` mp`g`øg tiglræ su cmti, dæs m digmskrfgli, li irrmr5 sfgtm y ouigm. Zirm ½istæ ustilsikurm li qui cf suyf gm pflizhf ic d`sdm fhnfqui= Zuis, irrmr pmr irrmr, di quilm hmg ic däm.




] ?< “

Dæs quìrm irrfr hmgligfglm f ug t`rfgm qui kcmr`

a `hæglmci. D i pfrihi dæs rfh`mgfc, nud fgm y sfculfoci fomrrihir fc t`rfgm qui flmrfrci. Iccm vfli kustms, s`g idofrkm, y ustil priaìri cm sikuglm.Hmg su pfg si cm hmdf5 gm riö`ridms pmr ism.

Hrim, pmr mtrf pfrti, nfoirci l`hnm ig hmgvirsfh`øg fckugf viz, qui riputfof ym ugf aftfc`lfln`stør`hf pfrf gmsmtrms tigir qui h`digtfr guistrmauturm gfh`mgfc`sdm (puis nfy qui hmgaisfr quigm ci tigidms nihnm) ig ic ocmqui li guistrf kuirrf, lic hufc, liskrfh`flfdigti, gm si puili lispriglir cf a `kurf lic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz, dmgstrumsfy tmlm hmdm is.

Dfs gm si tmdi istm f huigtf li qui ym pìgsi,

hmdm mtrms, qui isf a`kurf lioi hmgvirt`rsi ig uggmc` di tfgkiri pfrf ic n`stmr`flmr auturm. Gflfdigms qui ism. Xiräf istfocihir ug fosurlm y dmgstrumsm pr`v`cik`m ig afvmr li cms krfglis dfcvflms li cf n`stmr`f ic nfoir li s``strfircms fc auirmli iccf.

Zmr cm qui nfhi f cf zfrfgliflf huist`øg li s`nf li fhiptfrsi m gm ic pfsflm ägtikrm li cf pftr`f, qui tfgtf pmcvfrilf nf civfgtflm igtri gmsmtrms ig istms òct`dms läfs, gm di pfrihi, l`hnm sifhmg pirløg li sus prmdmtmris, dæs qui ug `gmhigtibuikm li pfcforfs. ½Hødm arfhh`mgfr ic pfsflm=

\fc is, ig cf rifc`lfl n`stør`hf, cf trfofzøg li cmsnihnms y cfs pirsmgfs qui cms morfrmg, y tfg `rrivmhfoci is hufcquìr pfsflm, qui, hufglm gms prisigtfg ug pirämlm n`stør`hm, gm pmlidms tmdfr liàc hìrtfs hmsfs y lisihnfr mtrfs, l`hìglm, hmdm fug viglilmr turhm2 istm quìrm, y istm gm. Amrzmsm




“ ?9 “

is tmdfr tmlm ic ocmqui n`stør`hm, f risirvf, hcfrm

istæ, li ixfd`gfr sus pfrtis, fqu`cftfrcfs y flbul`hfr cfs rispmgsfo`c`lflis hmrrispmglìgtis.

Istm ig cf supms`h`øg ici qui si trfti li ug pirämlm pcigfdigti n`stør`hm, m sif, ug pfsflm rispihtm lic hufc pmlfdms sir yf igtirf y sirigfdigti `dpfrh`fcis5 qui, s` gm, guistrms bu`h`ms gm

nforæg li sir mtrf hmsf qui pfgikär`hms m cäoicms.P, puis lioidms hmgvighirgms li qui is pfrfgmsmtrms ugf piquiöf aftfc`lfl gm pmlir sir igisti pci`tm dæs qui liaigsmris m a`shfcis, siräf hmgvigìgti, f d` vir, y f iccm ci `gv`tm, qui lipus`àrfdms li ugf viz, gm l`rà cfs frdfs, pirm sä isimcädp`hm f`ri li buihis qui smcidms lfrgms fc nfocfr li istfs hmsfs, hmg krfgli r`sf, prmofocidigti, li cms qui lisli pcfgms supir`mris gms hmgtidpcig.

Hmghcuym istf lisfc`öflf hfrtf, qui nf risuctflmdæs cfrkf li cm qui fc pr`gh`p`m'di prmpusi, læglmci cfs krfh`fs pmr nfoirdi prmpmrh`mgflm cf

mhfs`øg li lisigtudihir ug pmhm d` ispär`tu, y lfrtfc m hufc c`dp`øg f cf pirizmsf pàömcf, qui, lipurm nmckfr, fglfof nihnf ugf cæst`df y pmhmdigms qui pirl`lf igtri cms trfstms vìbms li ughfdfrfhnøg li hfsf.

Li ustil faihtäs`dm y X. X.

Flmcam FZ MG\ I.

# # ä*

Ig 6>6< mtrm krfg làspmtf òf ccikfglm fc a`gli su hfrrirf li lmd `gflmr li puiocms. L àir ig -




h`æofsi àsti li Cøpiz ig qui gm irf t`rfgm y ig

qui pmsiäf `gdigsm kig`m.Fhfofof li `gac`k`r, ig digms li vi`gti läfs,h`ghm krfglis lirrmtfs f cms ibàrh`tms hmfc`kflms li_us`f, Fustr`f y Zrus`f, qui nfoäfg `gvfl`lm su`dpir`m5 l`spmgäf fòg li ug ibàrh`tm li sitigtfd`c nmdoris, y gm si ixfkirf gflf hmg lih`r quitigäf f su sirv`h`m ic kig`m kuirrirm dæs krfgliqui nfg v`stm cms s`kcms. Zuis oìg2 ig tfcis h`rhugstfgh`fs, fquic t`tæg `gvighòci nuom li fol`hfr su `d pir `m, y rit`rfrsi f ugf `scf. I gtm ghi sauà, hmdm si sfoi, hu fglm l`r`k `ø f su Ku frl`fQìbf fquiccf n`stør`hf fcmhuh`øg li lispil`lf2" . . . Hmg nmdoris hmdm vmsmtrms guistrf hfusf gm

istfof pirl`lf5 pirm cf kuirrf si nfhäf `gtird`gf

oci, nuoìrf vig`lm, tfc viz, cf kuirrf h`v`c y cfArfgh`f gm si nuoìrf vuictm hmg iccm s`gm dæsl i s k r f h `f l f . O I X F H _ @ A @ H F L M 6 , Z Y I X , D @ X@ G \ I _ I X I X F C M X L I C F Z F \ _ @ F . . . " ( 6 ) .Zfcforfs suoc`dis, qui gm tuvìrmg cf v`rtul li

`gsp`rfr fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz fgæcmkf lih`s`øg, f àc,qui, sikòg ic siömr Kmlm`, istfof tfg fc hfom li cfshmsfs gfpmciøg`hfs, y kustfof tfgtm li `d`tfr fckrfgli nmdori.

Mtrm futøhrftf fhfof li lfr, ig guistrms läfs,pfrih`lm ibidpcm li fogikfh`øg pftr`øt`hf, fol`

hfglm ic trmgm li sus dfymris ig dil`m li huftrmd`ccmgis li smclflms qui cm `lmcftrfofg.

(6) Ic suorfyfdìgtm, hmdm si hmdprigli, is lid` huigtf.




“ ?; “

Xøcm ic guistrm, qui gm tigäf g` ic kig`m lic ugm,

g` cfs aàrrifs duhniludoris lic mtrm (6) , nuomli ccivfr tfg cibms su ikmäsdm, qui, fgtipmgìglmcms dizqu`gms `gtirisis li su mrkuccm pirsmgfc f cmsv`tfcis li su pftr`f, ccikø ig cf kuirrf nfstf ictmtfc ixtird`g`m lic puiocm hmg qui cf nfhäf.

Isti is ic hr`dig qui, prmofocidigti, cf n`stmr`fgm nforæ li pirlmgfr fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz2 nfoirfg`qu`cflm f su puiocm ig ugf kuirrf s`g ispirfgzfs li v`htmr `f. G `g kò g kmoirgf gti tìgi ic lirihnm li nfhircm, y is lioir icidigtfc li nudfg`lflpil`r m fhiptfr cf pfz tfg prmgtm hmdm si nfyfpirl`lm cf òct`df prmofo`c`lfl li vighir.

•ah aø

Ic siömr Kmlm`, huym ispär`tu li frt`stf gm pmläfdigms li nfoir s`lm auirtidigti `dpris`mgflm pmrcf a `kurf lic L`htflmr, si nf fpmlirflm li iccf, y,augl`àglmcf ig su frlìgti afgtfsäf, gms cf nf li

vuictm vfh`flf ig pcutfrqu`gms dmclis.Pf is ic nàrmi k`kfgtishm, pirmWsmdoräm y aftfc,li cfs "Dmgmkrfa äfs N`stør `hfs" 5 yf ic t ` tæg nir`lm pmr `gbustm.list`gm, li cf "Duirti lic Dfr`sh f c C ø p i z " 5 bf ic kuirrirm kig`fc, pirm ` gam rtu gflm, lic prisigti còrm y li cfs "Yct`dfs mpirf-

(6) F pfrt`r li Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, Cøpiz gm tuvmyf ibàrh`tm, prmp`fdigti nfocfglm, puis gm dirihäfgisti gmdori cfs pmhfs trmpfs, dfc frdflfs, qui cmkrøriug`r li guivm lispuàs li cf lisfstrmsf rit`rflf liQ`ccitf.




“ ?> “

h`mgis li kuirrf lic Kigirfc L ä f z " . \mlfs istfs

hrifh`mgis ccivfg ug auirti oföm li hcfs`h`sdm n`stør`hm y d`tmcøk`hm, ig qui ic futmr is duy virsflm,y prmluhig cf `cus`øg, fc hmgtidpcfrcfs, li quiiaiht`vfdigti gms nfccfdms ig prisigh`f li fckugm li cms vfrmgis li Zcutfrhm.

½Vuà lih`r li istfs dfkgäa`hfs ditfdmrams`s lict`rfgm =

Morf ici ug ix fctflm pftr`mt`sd m sirv `lm p mrfrtäst`hf afgtfsäf, rihmdìglfg fc pftr`mtf y fsikurfg ic trùgam lic c`tirftm5 pirm auirzf is rihmgmhir qui liscustrfg ug pmhm cf kcmr`f lic n`stmr`flmr.

@ @

Ic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz nf duirtm, cf kuirrf nf tird`gflm y cf futmhrfh`f yf gm ix`sti. Fc pmlirl`htftmr`fc nf suhil`lm ic pmlir lidmhræt`hm5 f cfkui rrf, cfs rivmcu h`mgis. C ms nàrmis nfg s`lm orus

hfdigti trfgspmrtflms lic fdoìgti àp`hm li cfsoftfccfs fc dmgøtmgm prmsfäsdm li cf v`lf buräl`hf mrl`gfr`f.

P mhurr`ø cm qui gm pmläf digms li mhurr`r.Fquiccms nàrmis tfg krfglis si idpiquiöihig5 cmsqui tfg kfccfrlfdigti hmglubirfg sus trmpfs, s`

gm f cf v`htmr`f, fc sfhrà`h`m nirm`hm sìdpri, lisofrrfg li dmlm cfdigtfoci fc tigir qui ibirhirugf augh`øg pfrf cf qui gm istfofg pripfrflms2 ickmoìrgm h`v`c. P is qui, hmdm si sfoi y si nf l`hnm tfgtfs vihis, cf futmhrfh`f, igtri sus dfcis`ga`g`tms, fhfrrif ic li `ghfpfh`tfr f cms puiocms




“ ?0 -

pfrf cf v`lf pmcät`hf, riluh`àglmcms f cf hmgl`h`øg

li pirsmgfs qui nfg ccikflm f cf ilfl fluctf s`gnfoir fprig l`lm f fglfr. I ccm fhfof pm r fprig lirsi, is hìrtm5 pirm huistf duhnfs hfälfs.

Ic `lifc nf s`lm sust`tu`lm pmr ic `gtiràs, fc hmrfzøg y cf hfoizf nf suhil`lm ic vìgtri ig cf `dpucs`øg y kmoìrgm li cms nmdoris. Li fquä cfshcful`hfh`mgis tr`stäs`dfs, cfs vici`lflis `ghriäocis,cfs `ga`ligh`fs lisnmgrmsfs qui gms rivicf ic còrmlic siömr Kmlm`.

Cfs rivmcuh`mgis si suhilig s`g `gtirruph`øg. Cmsfd`kms li fyir smg cms igid`kms li nmy, y, li guivm, cms fc`flms li dföfgf. Cf `gvirihugl`f pmcät`hf ccikf f sus òct`dms cäd `tis. I c . kmo ìrg m licIstflm is ugf h`gtf li h`gidftøkrfam, gm sìdpridfgibflf pmr pfrfkufyf dfgm, puis tmlm lihmrm,tmlm sigt`dìgtm gfh`mgfc si nf pirl`lm.

Fckòg qui mtrm hfdpiøg msf civfgtfr cf ofglirflic nmgmr hùlflfgm5 pirm isi gm tfrlf ig lisfpfrihir lic ishigfr`m, supr`d`lm pmr puöfc fcivi m

hmofrli ofcf.Ygm li àstms is Dmcfs, qui rifpfrihi ig cf is

higf hmdm hful`ccm li vfgkufrl`f li cf rivmcuh`øgccfdflf li Hfofccirm.

# * *

Ig dil`m li tfgtfs trf`h`mgis y v`cizfs hmdm ccigfg cf n`stmr`f li istf àpmhf, Dmcfs si listfhf hmghìrtf l`kg`lfl, gm ixigtf li frrmkfgh`f y hmgsirvf s`g dfghnf su furimcf li nàrmi.

Hufglm, v`htmr`msf fquiccf rivmcuh`øg, cms l`rii-




“ 8: “

tmris li iccf nuoìrmg li viglir pmr ug pcftm li

cigtibfs su trùgam, Dmcfs, qui si nfoäf dfgtig`lm`ghmrruptòci, fczfglm ic pigløg li cf l`s`ligh`f,risuicvi hmgt`gufr ic dmv`dìgtm rivmcuh`mgfr`mnfstf cf tmtfc lirrmtf lic igid`km.

Xus hmdpföirms li cf väspirf si fpristfg f hmdoft`rci, vf ic kigirfc Xirrfgm f su ighuigtrm, y

suari ic trfk`-hød`hm pirhfghi li \r`g`lfl. Auàigtmghis hufglm si prmlubm fquic nihnm `gful`tm,pmr cm virkmgzmsm, li smc`h`tfrsi ic fpmym li cfsauirzfs orfs`ciöfs li mhupfh`øg, pfrf oft`r fc rivmcuh`mgfr`m trùgafgti y hmgsirvfr fsä "ic gm lurfo ci dfglm" .

¡ Hø d m cfst`df v ir ic igv`cih`d ìgtm li fquàccmsnmdoris, nfstf igtmghis tfg prist`k`msms, cms hufcis,fc pfsfr lic dil`m nirm`hm li cms hmdoftis f cfs ofbfs rifc`lflis li cf pmcät`hf, pìrlig tmlm lihmrm,y frrfstrfg pmr cms suicms cf l`kg`lfl gfh`mgfc, isfd`sdf pmr cf qui fhfofofg li cuhnfr hmg tfgtm liguilm ¡ Hur`msf hm gtr fl `hh`ø g

Cf rivmcuh`øg nfoäf trùgaflm, pirm cf `gtr`kfpmcät`hf trùgaø dæs, puis vigh`ø fc a `g. Cms v`htmr`msms li \r`g`lfl nuoìrmg li rit`rfrsi lispihnflms y dmnägms fgti ic lispcìkui lic ibàrh`tm`dpir`fc, qui sfc`ø f frrioftfrcis ic arutm li cfv`htmr`f.

\fc is cf tr`sti y itirgf virlfl li cfs rivmcuh`mg i s 2 "Cms gih`ms cfs `g`h`fg, cms `ghfutms si flnìrig f iccfs, cms fvigturirms cfs nfhig trùgafr ycms `gtr`kfgtis si fpmlirfg li iccfs pfrf ixpcmtfr cfs " .




¡P pigsfr qui fòg nfyf quìgis hrifg ig su

ia`hfh`f* * «

Ig istf pfrti lic còrm ic futmr gfrrf dæs quilishròi, y hmdm tfg oìg nfhi cm ugm hmdm cm mtrm,y, pmr mtrf pfrti, huigtf hmsfs pmr àc v`stfs, hufglm

gm nihnfs, hmgtrf cf mp`g`øg hirvfgt`gf li qui"gughf sikuglfs pfrtis auirmg ouigfs", cms ip`sml`ms rivmcuh`mgfr`ms risuctfg fòg dæs `gtirisfgtis qui ic trmzm àp`hm qui s`rvi hmdm li pr`dirfpfrti f cf morf.

¡ Hmg quà gftu rfc`lf l y lisidofrfzm hmrri su

pcudf pmr igtri cf dfrföf li suhisms qui si igtrihruzfg y igrilfg ig fquic turoucigtm pirämlm liguistrf lidmhrfh`f

Pf omsquibf, hmg ugf p`ghicflf aic`z, cf hur`msfps`hmcmkäf li ug pirsmgfbi5 yf gfrrf hmg p`hfgtiv`vfh`lfl d ̀ ip`sml`m r`sòci li fquiccfs afdmsfs

rivmcuh`mgis, qui dæs si l`st`gkuìrmg pmr cm hød`hfs qui pmr cm træk`hfs5 yf gms ccivf li cf dfgmf cfs `gtir`mr`lflis tigiormsfs li cf sfhrmsfgtfZmcät`hf, sus `gtr`kfs y sus hrädigis.

Ic ixtrföm luicm igtri Fqu`nm y Dmcfs, igHfrfpikuæ, fquiccms lms higtfurms li cikiglfr`m

frrmbm5 cf trfk`-hød`hf fvigturf li Xirrfgm y Hf-or`zf, ig \r`g`lfl5 cf sfc`lf li cfs auirzfs `dpir`fcis pfrf lioicfr f Dmcfs, y mtrms pfsfbis hmdmistms, smg pæk`gfs qui nfg li fa`fgzfr cf afdf licishr`tmr.




“ 8? “

@ @ @

Ic hrihìgti, lisfsmsikflm faæg li fhuducfr oìgis dftir`fcis qui lmd`gf fc duglm dmlirgm, fcsustrfir lic l`gfd`sdm nudfgm fquiccfs auirzfs

qui, ig mtrms tìdpms, fhfsm dæs aic`his, idpcifofic nmdori ig ic huct`vm lis`gtirisflm li cfs hmsfslic ispär`tu, nfhi qui, li läf ig läf, vfyfg sìglmdæs rfrms cms qui, hmdm lmg Bufgs`cvfgm Kmlm`,v`vig hfccflf, ric`k`msfdigti, hmgsfkrflms fc huctmli cfs frtis, s`g mtrf rihmdpigsf qui cf prmp`f,ägt`df sft`safhh`øg li hmgtidpcfrsi Lmg Vu`bmtiig dil`m li tfgtm Xfghnm hmdm ccigf ic duglm.

I s, ig iaihtm, ic siömr Kmlm` ugm li cms pmhms,s` gm is ic òg `hm, qui igtri gmsmtrms gm tìgigpuistfs cfs auirzfs li su ispär`tu fc sirv`h`m li cfYt`c`lfl, y huct`vfg cfs citrfs pmr ic smcm pcfhirqui su huct`vm prmluhi. Is, puis, ug ibidpcfr vir

lflirm li cm qui nf lflm ig ccfdfrsi ug `gticih

tufc. 5

Gm sà s` istfrà hikflm pmr ic fdmr prmp`m gfh`mgfc, pirm tigkm pfrf dä qui, ig pugtm f hmdprigs`øg, guistrf rfzf gm is `gair`mr f g`gkugfmtrf. I gti gl id ms' aæh`cd igti cfs hmsfs, fòg cfsdæs fostrfhtfs, cfs l`shirg`dms hmg ofstfgti häf-




“ 88 “

r`lfl y buzkfdms hmg fhìrtm gm rihusfoci (6) .

Li cm qui nfstf nmy gm nidms lflm pruiof is lipmsiir fquiccfs afhuctflis qui, sikòg cf mrtmlmx`fistàt`hf, smg cfs pmtigh`fs prmluhtmrfs lic frt`stf,f sfoir2 cf `dfk`gfh`øg y ic sigt`dìgtm. Istf afctf , ug`lf f cf lipcmrfoci lia`hìgh`f tàhg`hf hmgqui fquä lisidpiöfd ms guistrms ma`h`ms `gtici h

tufcis, lf cf hcfvi lic nihnm li qui nfstf fnmrfgm nfyfdms tig`lm ug krfg frt`stf c`tirfr`m (?) .

½Is àstf ugf afctf àtg`hf guistrf m si trftf liug liaihtm purfdigti fhh`ligtfc=

Z mr sup ir`mr f d `s auir zfs, li bm cf tfrif lil`cuh`lfr isti pu gtm f cms smh`øcmkms qui tfgtmfouglfg igtri gmsmtrms, cms hufcis f ouig sikurmqui gm libfræg li nfccfr ixpc`hfh`øg fc aigødigms` yf gm is qui cm gìkuig, qui tmlm puili suhilir.

" G m tigidms kig`ms pmrqui smdms p m o r i s " is cftis`s hmrrìgti ig cf dftir`f.

½Is cf prmspir`lfl ihmgød`hf hmgl`h`øg s`gi

quf gmg li cf prmluhh`øg lic tfcigtm= M, ig mtrmstàrd`gms2 ic tfcigtm ½gfhi y prmspirf smcm ig ic

(6) D uistr f li istf pmtig h`f `gticihtufc li guis

trf rfzf smg2 ic Xr. Kmglrf, hrät`hm sfkfz, qui, f ug

lic `hflm kustm gft`vm, ugi vfst äs `df y søc `lf hucturf5ic Lr. Lmdägkuiz, sut ` c fgfc `stf y næo`c l`fcàht `hm5 i c

Lr. Oæiz , krfg hmdprigsmr li `lifs y ixhicigti ix

pms`tmr li ic cfs .

(? ) Afr `öf Gò öi z is ugf ixhiph `øg. I g àc nfy li

tmlm2 sigt`dìgtm lic `hflm i `gtigsm, ouigf afgtfsäf

y pcigf pmsis`øg li cf tàhg`hf c `tirfr`f.




“ 8<

istflm li sfturfh`øg ihmgød`hf= Zmr li prmgtm, ig

cm qui si riaìri fc `gl`v`lum, pfrihi qui gm5 y,pmr ic hmgtrfr`m, istæ fvir`kuflm qui cf dfymrpfrti li cfs morfs dfistrfs lic kig`m lic gmdori,nfg s`lm n`bfs li cf d`sir`f y lic lmcmr. Li Nmdirm si huigtf qui irf pmhm digms qui ug digl`km , hìkm pm r fö fl `lu rf 5 Hirvfgtis hmg hò`ø sumorf `gdmrtfc, cf hrifh`øg dæs pmrtigtmsf lic `gkig`m nudfgm, ig cf `gnmsp`tfc`lfl li ugf hærhic5ic Lfgti auà "ug dært`r li cfs `gbust`h`fs smh`fcis li cf Ilfl Dil`f" 5 D`ctmg v `m su Zfrfäsm f ctrfvàs li sus fdfrkurfs li hìkm5 Zmi hmghò`ø sushrifh`mgis dæs kig`fcis ig cf likrflfh`øg lic v`h `m y igtri cfs smrl`lihis li cf d`sir`f. . . Ig ki

girfc, cf hfrrirf li cfs citrfs nf tig`lm sìdpriistrihnf nirdfglfl hmg cfs `ghmdml`lflis li cfpmorizf.

Gflf dæs istàr`c qui ic pcfhir5 søcm ic lmcmr, ic`gamrtug`m, is aihuglm. Cf nfrturf prmluh`ræ ugfouigf sìstf, pirm gughf ug Vu`bmti m ugf L`v`

gf Hmdil`f.½Xi riair`ræ, tfc viz, f cm hmciht`vm cf prmspir`

lfl hmgsfo`lf=I s cm hìrtm qui N md irm prihi l`ø ig dæs li

qu`gìgtms föms f cf prmspir`lfl li Krih`f5 Xnfeispifri, ig trishìgtms, pct`s d`gusvi, f cf li @g

kcftirrf, qui, pmr mtrf pfrti, gm prmluhi yf Xnf-eispifris ig ic läf5 Kmitni, Xin`ccir, Ni`gi v`vìrmg hfs` ug s`kcm fgtis li cf krfglizf fcidfgf,qui tfdpmhm prmluhi yf frtähucms li istf hfc`lfl5gughf istuvm pimr @tfc`f, g` ig cm pmcät`hm g` igcm ihmgød`hm, qui hufglm si lìrmg ig iccf ic Lfg-




“ 89 “

ti y ic Zitrfrhf5 Ilkfrl Zmi gm hm`gh`l`ø, g` du

hnm digms, hmg cf krfg prmspir`lfl gmrtifdir`hfg f . . .Cäoridi L`ms li pmgir ig lulf virlflis tfg fu

tmr`zflfs hmdm isf li qui is prih`sm sir r`hm pfrftigir tfcigtm5 cm qui nfkm is ccfdfr cf ftigh`øg licms istul`msms smori istfs piquiöfs ixhiph`mgis licf sfhrf rikcf.

<ah <ah

Ic siömr Kmlm` pmsii ig fctm krflm cf `dfk`gfh`øg rihmgstruht`vf, y is fsä hmdm tigidms ig àc fugm li cms pmhms c`tirftms qui igtri gmsmtrms dirihig isti gmdori virlflirfdigti.

P li tfc dfgirf is cf afgtfsäf cf afhuctfl lm

d`gfgti ig ic futmr, y tfg fht`vf is ig àc istf afhuctfl, qui sìdpri istæ nfhìglm frti hufglm ishròi, fsä gm si nfyf prmpuistm nfhir dæs quin`stmr`f.

Hfpätucms igtirms nfy ig cfs "Dmgmkrfaäfs N`stør`hfs" li ug pr`dmr c`tirfr`m tfg ixqu`s`tm, li

ugf afhturf frtäst`hf tfg piraihtf, qui gms nfhigmcv`lfr pmr hmdpcitm li cf n`stmr`f qui hmgtìgigpfrf gm pigsfr s`gm ig cf oiccizf qui rif c`zf g."Fcoirl`" hmgt ìgi pæk`gfs qui yf qu`s ìrfg pfrf sä ishr`tmris qui kmzfg li hicior`lfl ig ic duglm. Cf d`sdf "D ui rti lic Dfr`shf c C ø p i z " y " I c

Ofrøg li _äm Orfgim", qui smg pfrf dä cfs morfsdæs igliocis lic futmr, tìgig pfsfbis qui lishuorig cfs kfrrfs lic ciøg, hmdm suici lih`rsi.

Xu dusf is ic nirmäsdm. Ic siömr Kmlm` prmaisfic huctm li cms nàrmis, pmr v`rtul li ugf fa`g`lflps`hmcøk`hf. Li tidpci nirm`hm àc tfdo`àg, d`rf f




“ 81 “

cms nàrmis hmrgm nirdfgms suyms, cms fdf y si hmg

sfkrf kustmsm f su sirv`h`m.Mtrms nf y, p mr ic hmg trfr`m, qui prmai sfg istihuctm pm r iaihtm li ugf lisid ibfgzf isp `r`tu fc.Istms gm vig ig cms nàrmis s`gm sus siömris gfturfcis, y, f tfc tätucm, cis rivirigh`fg y cis s`rvig.

# # 3#

Li tmlms guistrms ishr`tmris, is ic qui dæs còrmsnf puoc`hflm, cf .dfymr pfrti riairigtis fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz y f cf kuirrf. Ig iccms ic n`stmr`flmr gmsìdpri istæ f cf fcturf lic c`tirftm, pirm tmlms `gtirisfg y lici`tfg pmr `kufc.

Hmg ic qui nmy lf f cuz, `g`h`f lmg Bufgs`cvfgm

Kmlm` ugf guivf sirì, qui tiglræ pmr mobitm cfn`stmr`f li cms suhisms pòoc`hms li guistrf pr`dirflàhflf hmgst`tuh`mgfc.

F buzkfr pmr cf duistrf qui gms lf li iccf iafutm r, istf gu ivf sirì tig lræ tfgtms qu`cftis liomglfl hmdm cf yf hmgmh`lf. Gfrrf ic siömr Kmlm`

hmg gfturfc`lfl fdigäs`df, y, hmdm ig isms vmcòdigis, fc prist`k`m li su ist`cm nforæ li ug`r ic `gtiràs risuctfgti li nfoir s`lm àc tist`km, s` gm futmr, li fquiccms suhisms, tmlfväf si puili fukurfrdibmr àx`tm f cms còrms pmr vig`r, hmg nfoir s`lmtfg ouigm ic cmkrflm pmr cms fgtir`mris. Xòdisi

f iccm cf h`rhugstfgh`f li sir tfg dfc hmgmh`lf cfàpmhf ig huyms d`stir`ms si gms idpìzf f `g`h`fr,y cm `gtirisfgti qui is li suym istf lmcmrmsf kistfh`øg li guistrf lidmhrfh`f, y si viræ s` is cikät`df cf ispirfgzf qui for`kfdms smori ic ouig àx`tm li su n`stmr`f.




“ 8; “

Nfkfdms vmtms pmrqui cms l`msis tuticfris lic

tfcigtm lipfrig fc siömr Kmlm` cf v`lf y sfcul gihisfr`fs pfrf qui s`kf læglmgms cms sfzmgflms arutms qui lic suym gms quilfdms prmditìglm.

Flmcam FZMG\I.

Fsugh`øg, ? li buc`m li 6060.

I c lmhtmr Fl mca m Fp mgt i, futmr li isti tr fo fb m,. pir`ml`stf., fhtufc D`g`strm li Bust`h`f, Huctm i @gstruhh`øg Zòoc`hf, is ugm li cms dæs ft`clflms huctmris lic `l`mdf, is-hr`tmv li vfstf `custrfh`øg ig cfs c`tirfturfs ispfömcf yhcæs`hf (cft`gf y arfghisf) fsä hmdm li krfg virsfh`øg hu

n`stmr`f y citrfs.







K Y I _ _ F L I C Z F _ F K Y F P

X ó D F B ` ` m 2 Zripfrft`vms lic Kigirfc Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm

Cøpiz pfrf `g`h`fr cf kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy. “ Lftmsgud àr`hms li \nmd psmg y lic kigirfc Oisqu`g, Biai

lic Istflm Dfymr lic Ibàrh`tm Zfrfkufym. “ Zmlir

d`c`tfr lic Orfs`c, li cf Frkigt`gf y lic Yrukufy. “Cf hfpturf lic vfpmr dirhfgti orfs`ciöm "Dfrquàs

li M c`glf". “ @gvfs`øg li Dfttm K rmssm. “ Hrät`hf

lic kigirfc Iisqu`g. “ @gvfs`øg li Hmrrìgtis. “

Lishr`ph`øg lic smclflm pfrfkufym lmg Dfguic \ru-b`ccm. “ Lisidofrhm lic kigirfc _mocis hmg sus trm

pfs ig ic puirtm li Hmrrìgtis. “ Hmgst`tuh`øg li ug

kmoìrgm prmv`smr`m ig cf hùlfl. “ Cmpis si `gstfcfig Nudf`tæ lisli ic 0 li Bug`m li 6>19. “ Ic hmd

ofti lsc _`fhnuicm. “ Lishr`ph`øg li \rub`ccm. “

Hmgl uhtf li Cøpiz ig istf idirkigh`f. “ L`spms`h`mgis flmptflfs pmr ic Hmgkrism ixtrfmrl`gfr`m riug`lm

ic 9 li Dfrzm li 6>19 ig Fsugh`øg. “ @gvfs`øg li

_äm Krfgli lm Xuc pmr cfs auirzfs lic hmrmgic F gtm

g`m li cf Hruz Ist`kfrrò`f. “ Xu rigl`h`øg ig Yru-kufyfgf f cfs auirzfs igid`kfs. “ Ic ibàrh`tm li

_mocis ivfhòf cf prmv`gh`f li Hmrrìgtis y ripfsf ic

Zfrfgæ. “ @gfhh`øg li cf ishuflrf orfs`ciöf. “ Zàrl`lfs pfrfkufyfs ig ic pr`dir föm li cf maigs`vf li

Cøpiz2 1<.::: nmd oris. “ Ic Dfr`shfc si `gstfcf hmgdflfdf C`ghn, su afvmr`tf, ig Zfsm li cf Zftr`f. “

Fprmvihnæglmsi li su lishu`lm, ic kigirfc orfs`ciömMsmr`m, pigitrf còridigti, hmg ?:.::: nmd oris, ig

tirr`tmr`m pfrfkufym pmr cfs \ris Omhfs ig For`c li6>11. “ Nu`lf li Cøpiz f cms Istirms. “ Hmdoftisvfr`ms. “ Cøpiz mrkfg`zf ug guivm ibàrh`tm, hmdpuis-




“ <: “

tm li 8:.::: nmd oris, y cm cfgzf hmgtrf ic riluhtm amr

tà`hflm li \uyutä, (?< li Dfym li 6>11). “ Xu arfrhfsm pmgi tàrd`gm fc pmlir d`c`tfr li Cøpiz. “ Cfigtriv`stf li Pftf`t`-Hmræ, sikòg lmg Krikmr`m Oigä-tiz5 Cøpiz hmgaìsf su hucpfo`c`lfl5 D`tri cip`li qui sfckf lic pfäs. “ Ic dfr`shfc si g ìkf ffofglmgfr ic pmlir. “ Zcfg li listruhh`øg li cf gfh`øg pfrfkufyf. “ Oftfccf li Hurupf`tä. “• Hf`lf liNud f`tæ. “ Cøpiz nuyi fc Hnfhm. “ Oifpf rihi ig

Xfg Airgfglm5 mrligf dftfgzfs `ghriäocis. “ @tæ-@oftà. “ Hmgt`gòfg cfs dftfgzfs lisli cfs hmrl`ccirfs nfstf Hirrm-Hmræ. “• Fquä ic dfr`shfc auà fchfgzflm y duirtm pmr cms orfs`ciöms ic 6* li Dfrzm licföm 6>;:.

Hmdm cms fgt`kums rmdfgms, cms pfrfkufyms, lis

li cf àpmhf hmcmg`fc, irfg fkr`huctmris y smclflmsf ug tìdpm, pmrqui tigäfg gihis`lfl li liaiglir- hmgtrf cfs `ghurs`mgis li cms `gl`ms sfcvfbis licf mr`ccf lirihnf lic räm Zfrfkufy.

Ic pr`dir l`htflmr, lmhtmr Bmsà Kfspfr li Arfgh`f, cms l`sh`pc`gø y cms frdø pfrf liaiglir ic pfäs

hmgtrf cfs `gvfs`mgis li cms frkigt`gms y cms orfs`ciöms, fostig`àglmsi li `gtirvig`r ig sus hmgtìglfs fgærqu`hfs.

Ic sikuglm l`htflmr, lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz, pripfrø f cf gfh`øg pfrf cf maigs`vf y hmdit`ø cf `dpruligh`f li prmvmhfr fc t`rfgm _mzfs, li

Ouigms F`ris. Igtrikø ic puiocm pfrfkufym, ftflm li pìs y dfgms f. su n` bm d fym r kigirfc A rf g h`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y isti `gsigsftm l`spusm cm gihisfr`m pfrf cfgzfrsi f ugf kuirrf qui gm rihcfdfof g` ic nmgmr, g` ic `gtiràs ici cf gfh`øg.

Lisli ipì usurpø ic pmlir pmr duirti li su pf-




“ <6 “

lri, mhurr`lf ig siptìdori li 6>1?, hmdigzø f

`gtirvig`r ig cms hmgac`htms lic _äm li cf Zcftfhmdm lisafhilm r li igtuirtms. F li d æs, mrkfg`zøibàrh`tms ig Hirrm Ciøg, ig Ighfrgfh`øg y ig Nu-df`tæ. Xu pr`dir krfg ibàrh`tm si hmdpmgäf linmdoris li 61 f 9: föms li ilfl. Ig ic pr`dirpugtm nfoäf 8:.:::, ig ic sikuglm 6;.:::, ig ic tir

hirm 6:.:::. ig Hmghiph`øg 8.:::, y ig cf hfp`tfc<.:::. \mtfc2 1<.::: smclflms, ig fkmstm li 6>1<,frrfghflms f ug pfäs li dil`m d`ccøg li nfo`tfgtis (\nmdpsmg-_isqud).

Zmsiäf, flidæs, Cøpiz ugf ishuflr`ccf li mghivfpmris, fckugms cfghnmgis y ugms 8:: ø <:: hfömgis li tmlm hfcòri.

Ig cf d`sdf aihnf, ic @dpir`m lic Orfs`c, pfäsli ugms 6: d`ccmgis li nfo`tfgtis, gm hmgtfof s`gmhmg ug ibàrh`tm li ?9.::: nmdoris, qui mpirfofgig ic Yrukufy, y hmg ugf acmtf li ouigms ofrhmsli kuirrf.

Ic Yrukufy istfof hmgvucs`mgflm pmr sus pfrt`

lms pmcät`hms5 cf Frkigt`gf hfrihäf li trmpfs rikucfris5 ic kigirfc D`tri pfsø ic föm li 6>19 ig Hmghmrl`f l`sh`pc`gfglm rihcutfs y ispirfglm ig vfgmic hmgt`gkigti li Yrqu`zf. Cfs lidæs prmv`gh`fssi nfccfofg tfd o`àg hmg vucs `mgf lfs.

Li dfgirf qui s` Cøpiz si nuoìsi cfgzflm hmg

tmlfs sus auirzfs, ig ic pr`dir dmdigtm, nfh`f cmspfäsis lic _äm li cf Zcftf, prmofocidigti nuoìrf moc`kflm f Zilrm @@ y f D`tri f lfrsi f pfrt`lm fhirhf lic hmgac`htm orfs`ciöm-urukufym.

Zirm Cøpiz gm irf ug nmdori hfpfz li ugf nfzföf sidibfgti. Xi quilø ig cf Fsugh`øg, ritig`-




lm pmr tidmris lishmgmh`lms m pmr cms ruikms li su

afvmr`tf cf `gkcisf Ic`sf Fc`h`f C`ghn.Cf hftæstrmai hmdigzø ig cf amrdf ig qui vmyf ricftfrcf orividigti.

I c pris`ligti C øp iz `g`h`ø cf ccfd flf kuirrflic Zfrfkufy hfpturfglm, ig fkufs pfrfkufyfs, fcvfpmr dirhfgti orfs`ciöm "D fr qu às li M c` g l f "

ig gmvìdori li 6>1<. Ig ic pr`dir dmdigtm gmtuvm ic `dpucsm li hmditir istf fkris`øg5 pirm ci`glubm f iccm ic d`g`strm urukufym Bmsà QæzquizXfkfstudi, ig v`stf li qui auirzfs orfs`ciöfs nfoäfg `gvfl`lm ic tirr`tmr`m mrìgt`c`, hmg ic a`g liprmtikir fc hful`ccm rivmcuh`mgfr`m lmg Qigfgh`mZcmris.

¡ I c kigirfc Ar fg h`shm Xmcfgm C øp iz, Zris`ligtili cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy, si pmgäf fc sirv`h`mlic kmoìrgm li Dmgtiv`lim, ig pirbu`h`m li su pftr`f

Zirm àc mhuctfof su pigsfdìgtm l`hìglm quitigäf qui hmgtigir cf fdo`h`øg lic Orfs`c y dfg

tigir ic iqu`còr`m pmcät`hm ig ic _äm li cf Zcftf.Zfrihäf, puis, gfturfc qui àc, cfgzf ig r`stri, hmdm ic hfofccirm li cf tr`sti a`kurf, dfrhnfsi `gdil`ftfdigti pfrf Ou igm s F `ris y D mgtiv`lim 5 pi rm gm suhil`ø fsä. Xi fa`rdf qui su nirdmsf Luch`gif gm ci pird`t`ø qui sfcìrf lic pfäs.

Igtmghis tuvm istf mhurrigh`f s`gkucfr2 ig cukfr li pfrt`r àc pfrf ic sul ig lidfglf li susigid`kms, mrligø f cms hmrmgicis Ofrr`ms y _isqu `g aui rfg f oushfrcms ig ic gm rti, ig D fttmK-rmssm. P sfcì`-mg istms biais pfrf su list`gm igl`hìdori li 6>1<.




“ <> “

Cfs auirzfs pfr fku fyf s sfquifrmg cfs amrtf ci

zfs y istfocih`dìgtms rurfcis li fquiccf cibfgf i`gliaigsf prmv`gh`f. L`bm, lispuàs, ic kigirfc _is-qu`g qui isf ixpil`h`øg, lic pugtm li v`stf d`c`tfr, gm tigäf mobitm5 søcm s`rv`ø pfrf sfhfr li iccfugf krfg hfgt`lfl li kfgflm vfhugm y dftir`fcisli kuirrf.

@gdil`ftfdigti lispuàs li istf fkris`øg fc Orfs`c, fhmdit`ø tfdo`àg f cf Frkigt`gf.Hmdm C øp iz , nfstf isi d md igtm, gm istfof ig

kuirrf hmg ic kigirfc D`tri, Zris`ligti li l`hnf_ipòoc`hf, ci p`l`ø pird`sm pfrf nfhir pfsfr pmric tirr`tmr`m li Hmrrìgtis cfs trmpfs qui àc igv`fof hmgtrf ic Orfs`c. D`tri gikø ic pird`sm, fcikfg

lm qui àc istfof lih`l`lm f mosirvfr cf dæs istr`htf giutrfc`lfl ig prisigh`f lic hm gac` htm sur k`lmigtri cms lms pfäsis vih`gms. P, hmdm Cøpiz gm rispitfof ic lirihnm `gtirgfh`mgfc, mrligø f sus auirzfs frdflfs hruzfrfg ic Zfrfgæ y si ighfd`gfrfgf sus list`gms f trfvàs lic tirr`tmr`m frkigt`gm. Li

hmgs`kuìgti, Cøpiz lihcfrfof li nihnm cf kuirrff cf Frki gt`gf , lfg lm ug. fux`c`fr fc O rfs`c.

Ig hmgsihuigh`f li istf rismcuh`øg `gsigsftf,prmp`f li ug nmdori s`g bu`h`m, ic 68 li for`c li6>19 h`ghm vfp mris pfr fk uf yms f sfctfrmg, ig .icpuirtm li Hmrrìgtis, f lms vfpmrh`tms frkigt`gms,

i c "?9 li Dfym" y i c "Kuf cikufy" , c ms fditrf ccfrmg y dftfrmg hfs` f tmlms sus tr`pucfgtis5 a`gfcdigti, rikrisfrmg trfyiglm f ridmcqui sus prisfs.

Ic hmdpftr`mtf lmg Dfguic \rub` c cm, vitirfgmli cf kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy, nf puoc`hflm òct`df-




“ << “

digti ug mpòshucm `gt`tucflm Kistfs Kuirrirfs, ig

lmgli gfrrf isf fhmdit`lf hmg cf s`ghir`lfl li ugsmclflm puglmgmrmsm. L`hi fsä 2

" I c pr`d ir hmd ofti, ig qui au` f htmr, nf s`lm ic

fomrlfbi ig ic puirtm li Hmrrìgtis, tmdfglm pmrfsfctm y pmr smrprisf cms vfpmris frkigt`gms "?9li Dfym" y "Kuf cikufy" . Irf ug buivis sfgtm f

cfs ;.<9 f. d. lic 68 li for`c li 6>19."Fccä nuom ugf dfsfhri5 sfctfdms smori cf huoìrtf, y idpizø cf cuhnf pihnm f pihnm y dfgmf dfgm, f c frdf ocfghf. . . Cf v `htmr `f auà hmdpcitf pfrf gmsmtrms . . .

" I c vfpmr gfh`mgfc " @ p m r f " pirdfgih `ø ig icpuirtm lurfgti tri`gtf läfs pfrf afvmrihir ic lisidofrqui li guistrfs trmpfs ig Hmrrfcis y ig Hmrrìg tis . . . "

Xikòg \nmdpsmg, fc s`kuìgti läf lic hmdofti,m sif ic 6< li for`c, ic kigirfc _mocis lisidofrhøig l`hnf hùlfl 8.::: smclflms5 igtrfrmg lispuàs>:: nmdoris li hfofcciräf y, suhis`vfdigti, mtrms

rik`dìgtms y oftfccmgis. Dìgtrfs si ibihutfofgisfs mpirfh`mgis, _mocis si l`r`k`ø fc sul, f cm cfrkm li cf hmstf lic räm Zfrf gæ, l ibfg lm ig Hm rrìgtis ug kmoìrgm-pfgtfccf prmtik`lm pmr 6.9:: nmdo r i s 5 irf ug trùgv`rftm amrdflm li cms hmrrigt`-gms Kfugf, X`cvirm y Hæhiris, dfgibflm pmr mtrf

tr`ghf hmdpuistf li Bmsà Oirkis, D`kuic Nfilm yic liæg Iukig`m Omkflm, Oirkis irf ic l`rihtmrpr`gh`pfc y rihòäf ørligis lic Dfr`shfc.

Hmdm ic kigirfc _mocis igtrfsi ig cf hùlfl liKmyf hmg ic kruism li su ibàrh`tm (?:.::: nmdoris ) , ig cms pr`dirms läfs li bug`m, libfglm trfs-




“ <9 “

(¡igibflms f cms huirpms arfghms hmrrigt`gms li Cf-

krföf y Hæhiris, ic kigirfc Zfugirm pulm lisidofrhfr trmpfs pfrf rihupirfr cf hfp`tfc li cf prmv`gh`f. Ig hmgsihuigh`f nuom ug hmdofti ic ?9 lidfym igtri isfs auirzfs igid`kfs y cf kufrg`h`øgpfrfkufyf li 6.9:: nmdoris qui hmdfglfof ic dfymr Dfrtägiz.

Cøpiz si lisp`l`ø li cf Fsugh`øg ic > li bug`m ysi prisigtø ig Nudf`tæ ic läf s`kuìgti. Ic läf6:“ishròi ic vitirfgm lmg Dfguic \rub` c cm“mrligø f cms hmdfglfgtis lic "\fhufrä" y mhnm ofrhms dæs li su acmt`ccf pfrf qui dfrhnfrfg isf d`sdf gmhni f Hmrrìgtis, f fomrlfr y hfpturfr pmrsmrprisf f guivi vf pm ris orfs`ciöms fghcflms ig

l`hnm puirtm y huyf gudirmsf tr`pucfh`øg pfsfofcf gmhni ig tìrrf, Zirm nuom hmgtrftìdpms `dpriv`stms y afcsfs d fg`morfs d fglflf s ibihu tfrpmr ic fcd`rfgti D iz f5 cms orfs`ciöms tuvì rmgtìdpm li kfgfr sus ofrhms y listruyirmg f cf ishuflr`ccf pfrfkufyf. Fquiccm auà ug lisfstri, l`

hi \rub`ccm5 nuom ug igtrivirm li lìh`sìti vfpmris y huf trm cfghnmgis qui si ftfhfofg, hmrr äfg ,fvfgzfofg, ritrmhiläfg, ig tfgtm qui mtrms òfg fp`qui5 si piciø fsä lurfgti tmlm ic läf 66 nfstfcf hfälf li cf gmhni, nmrf ig qui cms fsfctfgtisvmcvìrmg hmg huftrm ofrhms smcfdigti, nfo`àglm

si rigl`lm cms lidæs. Ig isf fhh`øg, ic fcd`rfgtiDizf auà nir`lm i n`zm sus vihis ic hfp`tæg Hforfc.Fquiccf hftæstrmai lishmrfzmgø f Cøpiz.

Cms vfpmris orfs`ciöms s`kuìrmg fkufs fofbm,sìglm hfömgiflms pmr cf frt`cciräf li cf hmstf quihmdfglfof Orukuàz. Cøpiz hmglihmrø f istms frt`-




“ <1 “

ccirms pfrf nud`ccfr f cms biais y ma`h`fcis li cf is

huflr`ccf listru`lf pmr ic igid`km ig cf oftfccflic _`fhnuicm, arigti f cf hùlfl li Hmrrìgtis.Fgtis li fhmditir f cf Frkigt`gf, ig cf amrdf

riair`lf, ic pris`ligti Cøpiz, ig aiorirm, hmgvmhøug Hmgkrism ixtrfmrl`gfr`m, ic hufc `gfukurø sussis`mgis ic 9 li dfrzm y vmtø ic s`kuìgti lihritm2

Frt ähu cm c0

“ Fpruàofsi cf hmgluhtf lic ZmlirIbihut`vm li cf Gfh`øg pfrf hmg ic @dpir`m licOrfs`c, ig cf idirkigh`f trfälf pmr su pmcät`hf fdigfzflmrf lic iqu`còr`m li cms Istflms lic Zcftf,y pmr cf maigsf l`rihtf `gair`lf fc nmgmr y cf l`kg`lfl li cf Gfh`øg, y usfglm li cfs ftròuh`mgislic frt. 8 0, tät. 8 0 li cf ciy li .68 li dfrzm li 6><<,futmräzfsici pfrf mfgt`d`fr ig cf kuirrf.

Frt . ? 0 “ Lihcærfsi cf kuirrf fc fhtufc kmoìrgm frkigt`gm nfstf qui là cfs sikur`lflis y sft`safhh`mgis lio`lfs f cms lirihnms, f cf nmgrf y l`kg`lfl li cf Gfh`øg Zfrfkufyf y su kmoìrgm.

Zmr mtrms lihritms, ic Hmgkrism fhmrlø fc pris`

ligti Cøpiz ic krflm li Dfr`shfc li Hfdpm y ugsuiclm li 1:.::: pisms fgufcis, s` oìg qui, f cfdfgirf li cms Hàsfris rmdfgms, àc irf luiöm li v`lfs y nfhìglfs5 y si ci futmr`zø pmr amrdf f civfgtfr ug idpràst`tm li 9.:::.::: li còrfs istirc`gfs.

Ig bug`m li 6>19, ic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz istfocih`øsu hufrtic kigirfc ig Nudf`tæ5 lisli fquä l`r`k`øcfs mpirfh`mgis rifc`zflfs ig Hmrrìgtis y ic hmdofti gfvfc lic _`fhnuicm. P, fc d`sdm tìdpm quinfoäf mrligflm cf `gvfs`øg li Hmrrìgtis, igv`fofnfh`f _äm Krfgli lic Xul fc tigìgti hmrmgic Fg-




“ « “

tmg`m li cf Hruz Ist`kfrrò`f hmg 6?.::: nmdoris

y si`s pìzfs li frt`cciräf, hmg ic mobitm li mhupfrl`hnf prmv`gh`f. Zfrihäf isti biai `dprmv`sflm Gfpmciøg fdir`hfgm qui si `gtirgfof ig ic pfäs licms ¡frrfpms `dpir`fcis. I gh mg trø ig cf armgtirf8:.::: orfs`ciöms frdflms, ig tfgtm qui cms kigirfcis D`tri y Zcmris hmghigtrfofg sus auirzfs igHmghmrl`f ( bug`m li 6>19).

½Vuà ci pfsø f Ist`kfrrò`f ig YrukufyfgfaVui, f`scflm i `ghmd ug`hflm lic Zf rfk uf y, tuv mqui rigl`rsi li ugf dfgirf virkmgzmsf (6> lisiptìdori).

Cf gmt`h`f li cf rigl`h`øg li Ist`kfrrò`f lishfcforø dmrfcdigti f Cøpiz5 riug`ø f tmlms cms bi

ais y ma`h`fcis qui si nfccfofg ig Nudf`tæ y hmdit`ø cf v`ccfgäf li lih`rcis qui Ist`kfrrò`f sinfoäf vigl`lm f cms igid`kms. Irf afcsm qui si nuoìsi vigl`lm. Xi r`gl`ø pmrqui irf lidfs`flm `kgmrfgti pfrf flmptfr rismcuh`mgis pmr sä d`sdm.

Iccm gm mostfgti, i c "Xidfgfr`m" li Fsugh`øg

pmglirfof cfs krfg lis huf c`lflis li C øp iz , pf rfgkmgæglmci hmg H`gh`gftm. Cf hmdpfrfh`øg irfliskrfh`flf, pmrqui H`gh`gftm vigh`ø f cms igid`kms li _mdf, igtrø ig iccf hmdm còirtflmr y fc hfom li lìh`si`s läfs si lispmbø li cfs `gs`kg`fs licf l`htflurf li qui nfoäf s`lm `gvist`lm pfrf vmc

vir f su hfsf li hfdpm y idpuöfr li guivm cf ribf lic frflm, qui trmhfrf pmr orivi tìdpm pmr cfispflf lic kuirrirm.

Ic lisfstri li Yrukufyfgf auà prihil`lm li cfsupuistf trf`h`øg li _mocis, quìg auà riidpcfzflm ig buc`m pmr ic kigirfc _isqu`g. Dfcmkrflf cf




ixpil`h`øg fc Yrukufy, Cøpiz mrligø cf ivfhuf

h`øg li Hmrrìgtis. _isqu`g tuvm cf krfg nfo`c`lfl li sfcvfr tml m su ibàrh `tm y cf frt`cciräf liOrukuàz, qui istfof ig Huivfs, arigti f Kmyf y fcf v`stf li cf ishuflrf orfs`ciöf.

Cms ofrhms igid`kms, hufc s` qu`sìrfg sir s`dpcis tist`kms prisigh`fcis lic pfsfbi pmr ic Zfrfgæ,si s`tufrmg ig Hmrrìgtis y ig cfs `gdil`fh`mgisli @tfp`rò.

Lic 86 li mhtuori fc 8 li gmvìdori si iaihtuøic trfscflm li cfs auirzfs pfrfkufyfs li cf `zquìrlf lic Zfrfgæ f cf mr`ccf lirihnf, dæs m digmsarigti fc Zfsm li cf Zftr `f. F a`r d f ic hmrmgic\nmdpsmg qui _isqu`g, krfh`fs f cf `gfhh`øg li

cf ishuflrf orfs`ciöf, n`zm pfsfr còridigti sustrmpfs hmg 6::.::: hfoizfs li kfgflm vfhugm, frrioföflfs li Hmrrìgtis5 pirm qui duhnms d`ccfrisli istms fg`dfcis pirihìrmg li hfgsfgh`m y pmrhfusf li nfoir hmd`lm yirofs vigigmsfs.

Föfli ic hmrmgic \nmdpsmg, qui ic ibàrh`tm qui

vm cväf li Hmrrìgtis istfof ixhis`vfd igti ixtiguflm.

Istfs ric`qu`fs lic ibàrh`tm li mpirfh`mgis ig icsul si hmdpmgäfg li 6<.::: nmdoris sfgms y 9.:::

igairdms.Ig Yrukufyfgf si pirlìrmg hmdm 6:.::: nmd

oris.P ig cms nmsp`tfcis li Nudf`tæ, Hirrm Ciøg yZfsm Zfhò durìrmg hmdm <:.::: nmdoris, li l`sigtir`f y mtrfs igairdilflis.

Li suirti qui ig ic pr`dir fö-m li cf7 kuirrf,

6>19, c`foäf pirl`lm su pr`dir krfg ibàrh`tm li




W <0 “

1<.::: nmdoris, fgtis li qui cms igid`kms ftfhf

sig fc Zfrfkufy.Cms fc`flms hmgtfofg hmg ic trùgam li sus fr

dfs vìglm fc dfr`shfc Cøpiz listru`r sus prmp`fsauirzfs tirristris y acuv`fcis.

Istf h`rhugstfgh`f ixpc`hf ic nihnm li qui cmsorfs`ciöms y frkigt`gms, hmgluh`lms pmr ic kigirfc

Msmr`m, igtrfsig ig ic Zfrfkufy, ic 61 li for`c li6>11, ig gòdirm li ?:.::: nmdoris li ugf viz, s`gsir dmcistflms pmr Cøpiz, ic hufc si nfccfof ig Zfsm li cf Zftr`f, f cf mr`ccf lirihnf lic Fctm Zfrfgæ, lmgli nfhäf dftfr f sus smclflms ig fsfctms `gòt`cis f cf hmstf hmrrigt`gf li Hmrrfcis. Icvitirfgm pfrfkufym siömr \rub`ccm nfhi digh`øgli istfs fhmdit`lfs s`g mobitm.

Cøpiz ispirfof f cms fc`flms ig @tfp`rò5 pirm àstms pigitrfrmg ig ic Zfrfkufy pmr cf hmgacuigh`fli cms räms ligmd`gflf \ris Omhfs.

Cøpiz nuyø li Zfsm li cf Zftr`f nfh`f cms pfgtfgms li Öiidouiò, qui ccfdfg Istirms, lmgli, pf

rf prmtikir f Nudf`tæ, dfglø hmgstru`r ugf ixtigsf cägif li amrtà`hfh`mgis ig amrdf li huflr`cætirm. Fccä si còrfrmg cfs oftfccfs lic Xfuhi, Pf-tf`ty Hmrf, Istirm Oiccfhm, \uyuhuà, Hurupfyty,ithàtirf.

I c lio`ø hmd prigl ir qui, listru`lm su krfg

ibàrh`tm li 1<.::: nmdoris, gm ci quilfof mtrf sfc`lf qui hfp`tucfr m frru`gfr tmtfcdigti f cf gfh`øg, huyms list`gms l`r`käf lispøt`hfdigti.

I c D fr`shfc, s`g idof rkm, fgtis li lih`l`rsi ftmdfr isti òct`dm pfrt`lm, pcfgiø mtrm kmcpi `gsigsftm. Amrdø ug guivm ibàrh`tm li 8:.::: nmdoris,




“ 1: “

hmdpuistm pmr bøvigis y vìbms y cm cfgzø fc fsfc

tm li cfs pms`h`mgis igid`kfs li Istirm Oiccfhm.Fquä istfof ic kigirfc D`tri ligtrm li ug hfdpmftr`ghnirflm, prmtik`lm pmr cms pfgtfgms y liaigl`lm pmr <:.::: smclflms y ug gòdirm hmgs`lirfoci li omhfs li auikm. Cms pfrfkufyms, ig hmcudgfs hirrflfs, ido`stìrmg ic amrd`lfoci riluhtm5

fditrfccflms f dfgsfcvf, pirihìrmg hfs` tmlms. Iscf oftfccf lic ?< li dfym li 6>11, qui ccfdfg li\uyutä .

Isti krfg lisfstri pusm tàrd`gm fc pmlir d`c`

tfr li Cøpiz.

Ic Dfr`shfc ii s`gt`ø igtirfdigti lishfcforflm,pmr qui lio`ø hmd prigl ir qui gm ci quilfo f yfg`gkugf ispirfgzf, y qui Nudf`tæ libfof li siric Xiofstmpmc pfrfkufym. Ig iaihtm, cfs ishuflrfsorfs`ciöfs cm ourcfrmg lms föms lispuàs li \uyutä.

Cøpiz `gv`tø f D`tri f ugf hmgairigh`f pfrt`hucfr, cf hufc tuvm cukfr ig ug s`t`m ccfdflm Pftf`tä-Hmræ ic 6? li siptìdori li 6>11. Ig isf mhfs`øg

ic dfglftfr`m pfrfkufym nfocø f su r`vfc li istfdfgirf 2

"Kigirfc D`tri2 d` prisigh`f fquä istæ ixpc`hf

lf pmr cms fmmgtih`g`ìgtms y cms lioiris qui d` pm

s`h`øg `dpmgi f cms nmd oris qtòi l`r`big cms list`gms

li cms puiocms y qui smg rispmgsfocis li sus lis

vigturfs. "Pm ni nihnm cf kuirrf fc @dpir`m licOrfs`c", pmrqui ni hriälm qui fquiccf gfh`øg gm si

litiglräf ig ic lmd `g`m lic Istflm Mrìgtfc y qui

gms fd igfzfof f tmlms. Pm tigäf y tigkm cf dæ# fc

tf ist`df pmr ic puiocm frkigt`gm5 fhfsm s` si nu

oìrf tig`lm dfymr hmgtfhtm hmg cf pirsmgf qui is-




“ X ` -

tø fc arigti li su kmoìrgm, duhnfs là`huctflis y

duhnfs liskrfh`fs si nuoìrfg iv`tflm5 pirm gm nfs`lm fs`, "y ym cì nihnm cf kuirrf fc kmoìrgm fr

kigt`gm", pmrqui cm hmgs`lirfof c`kflm fc orfs`ci

rm ig cf huist`øg Mrìgtfc. N my hrim qui cf sfgkri

lirrfdflf is yf ofstfgti pfrf cfvfr cfs maigsfs

hmg qui hflf ugm li cms oic`kirfgtis si hriyisi

fkrfv`flm, y hmgs`lirm qui puili @dhirsi qui istftirròci kuirrf tigkf ug a`g, ist`pucfglm cfs hmg

l`h`mgis li t`gf pfz søc`lf, lurflirf y nmgrmsf pf

rf tmlms. (Krikmr`m Oigätiz , "Cfs pr`dirfs oftfccfs hmgtrf cf \r`pci F c` f g z f ", Fs ug h`øg, 6060,p æ k . ? ? 0 ) " .

Cøpiz si hmghiptufof, puis, hucpfoci y vigh`lm.D`tri ci hmgtistø qui àc gflf pmläf nfhir pmr säsmcm5 qui pmr ic trftflm li cf \r`pci Fc`fgzf, istfof prmnò`lm f cms fc`flms trftfr hmg Cøpiz5 quipfrf hiciorfr cf pfz hmg ic kmoìrgm lic Zfrfkufy,irf hmgl`h`øg s`gi quf gmg qui Cøpiz sfcìsi licpfäs.

Hmdm si vi, cf hmgairigh`f li Pftf`tä-Hmræ gml`m g`gkòg risuctflm, puis Cøpiz gm si lih`l`ø frit`rfrsi lic pfäs. Ig su hmgsihuigh`f, cms igid`kms `g`h`frmg cf maigs`vf hmg trf cfs lio `c`tflfsauirzfs lic pris`ligti pfrfkufym. Isti, f su turgm, hmdigzø f nu`r pmr itfpfs2 lisli Zfsm li cf

Zftr`f f cms Istirms, lisli cms Istirms f Nudf`tæ,li Nudf`tæ fc Hnfhm, lic Hnfhm f Xfg Airgfglm,li fquä f Q`ccitf, lmgli nuom li sir hmk`lm pr`s`mgirm, li Q`ccitf f cfs Hmrl`ccirfs, y li àstfs fHirrm Hmrf, lmgli auà fchfgzflm y duirtm, lispuàs li nfoir mrligflm ugf sirì li dftfgzfs li




nmdoris, dubiris y g`öms, yf hmdm supuistms hmgs

p`rflmris, yf pmr ispär`tu li vigkfgzf, yf hmg ic`gtigtm li ixtird`gfr f cf gfh`øg pfrfkufyf, lidfgirf qui cms igid`kms gm ighmgtrfsig s`gm ru`gfs ig ic pfäs.

_ is ud ig 2 ig ic pr`d ir föm li cf kuirrf , lickrfg ibàrh`tm li 1<.::: nmdoris, durìrmg dæs li8:.::: ig cms nmsp`tfcis li Hirrm Ciøg, Zfsm Zu-hò y Nudf`tæ, y cf mtrf d`tfl ig cfs liskrfh`flfsixpil`h`mgis f Hmrrìgtis y Yrukufyfgf.

Ic sikuglm ibàrh`tm quilø listru`lm ig cf krfghmgtìglf lic ?< li dfym. Isti lisfstri, lic pugtmli v`stf d`c`tfr, auà ic a`gfc li cf maigs`vf li Cøp i z 5 y ic tr ùgam motig`lm ig Hurupfyty gm hmd

pigsø li g`gkugf dfgirf cfs krfglis lirrmtfs ypàrl`lfs li cf gfh`øg.

Ig hufgtm f cf liaigs`vf li Cøpiz lurfgti cmstris òct`dms föms (6>11-6>10), auà cf väf hgmh`s

lic puiocm pfrfkufym. Hmdìgzf cf nihftmdoi mrligflf pmr Cøpiz ig Xfg Airgfglm, hmgt`gòf ig

Q`ccitf, prms`kui pmr cfs Hmrl`ccirfs y cms yirofcis lic gmrti y hmghcuyi ig Hirrm Hmrf ic c 0 lidfrzm li 6>;:.

Zmr hfusf li fquiccfs dftfgzfs dfglflfs ibihutfr pmr ic Dfr`shfc ig sus aurmris m ig su lidigh`f, auirmg ixtird`gflfs d`ccfris li afd`c`fs

`gmhigtis, y, fprmx`dflfdigti, cf d`tfl li cf pmocfh`øg tmtfc.Zmr tfcis nihnms, ic Dfr`shfc Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm

Cøpiz a `kurf ig cf n`stmr`f hmdm ug kmoirgfgti`gsigsftm, hmdm ug kigirfc `giptm y hmdm ug t`rfgm d mg stru msm . ' Xus hrädigis nfg s`lm lishr`p -




“ 98 “

tms pmr gfh`mgfcis y ixtrfgbirms, qui cms prisig

h`frmg y cms vìrmg, y vfr`ms li cms hufcis v`vig tmlfväf,

Hih`c`m OÆIR.

Ic lmhtmr Hih`c`m Oæiz, pir`ml`stf, hftilræt`hm, ix Zri

s`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hfW ix d`g`strm lic Zfrfkufy ig Istflms Yg`lms y Iurmpf, ix hfgh`ccir, ix licikflm f cms hmgkrisms fdir`hfgms li Dmgtiv`lim y Dàb`hm, òct`dfdigti rihtmr li cf Yg`virs`lfl Gfh`mgfc y futmr li krfg gòdirm limorfs, puoc`hfh`mgis y frtähucms li smh`mcmkäf, li lirihnm yli n`stmr`f, gm gihis`tf prisigtfh`øg, puis su vfstf cfomr`gticihtufc is nfrtm hmgmh`lf.






Y G B Y @ H @M C F Z @ L F _ @ M

X MO OI I C X @ X \ I D F I L Y H F \ @ Q M L I C M X

C M Z I R

\fc is ic afdmsm Hftih`sdm li Xfg Fcoirtm, l àugl`lm ig cfs ishuicfs pr`dfr`fs hmg ic a`g lipripfrf`' , hmdm `gkigufdigti l`bm Hfcvm, ic træg

s`tm krflufc lic lispmt`sdm f cf lidmhrfh`f ixtrid f

Isi `kgmd`g`msm mpòshucm liduistrf ic hfræhtirli cf iluhfh`øg hmdòg ig tìdpm li cms Cøpiz, ynfhi vir hufg ixfkirflfs smg cfs cfulftmr`fs quisi cis l`r`kig, s`g hmgs`lirfr qui cms s`kgms lic

pigsfdìgtm, yf sifg nfocflms m ishr`tms, smg s`kgms li d uirti huf gl m smcm trfgsd `tig `lifs limpris`øg y sirv`ludori.

¡Ic Zfrfkufy pmhm lioi ig isti sigt`lm f cf t`rfgäf

_ihuàrlisi qui is kcmr`f fctäs`df cf suyf sir ic

pr`dir puiocm fdir`hfgm qui nfyf liaigl`lm cfsmoirfgäf pmpucfr, hufglm pmr omhf li cms hmdugirms prmhcfdfof, fòg gm lidil`flm ic s`kcm^Q@@@ , qui cf futmr`lfl lic puiocm is supir`mr fcf lic d`sdm riy, y p`àgsisi cuikm ig cm qui sigtfof ic v`tfglm dfgufc2 qui ic smoirfgm gm istæ




“ 91 “

subitm g` su futmr`lfl lipigli lic puiocm d`sdm

smori quìg dfglf, y qui gm is digistir cf fhiptfh`øg li àsti pfrf qui r`bfg sus lihritms5 rihuàrligsi cfs `lifs virt`lfs ig 6>6? pmr Pikrms y Hfofccirm ig ug lmhudigtm l`kgm li cfs cmfs lic n`stmr`flmr, ig ic qui ighfrihäfg cf gihis`lfl li iluhfr ig cfs ishuicfs hùlflfgms òt`cis f su pftr`f, yhmgs`làrisi, lispuàs, qui tmlms cms hmgftms li cmslàspmtfs auirmg søcm ighfd`gflms f amrdfr ig cmshmcik`ms vfsfccms aìcis f su smoirfgm, y läkfsi s`lioi fpcful`rsi s`g risirvfs ug f ilu hfh`øg quitrftfof li pirpitufr f cf ripòoc`hf ofbm ic yukmlic lispmt`sdm.

Hufglm si ciig isfs pæk`gfs ig qui si nfocf li

cfs pigfs qui ic kmoirgfgti puili `dpmgir f cmssuol`tms, y ig qui si istfocihi cf licfh`øg hmdm uglioir li a `lic`lfl li cms d`sdms, fhulig `gvmcugtfr`fdigti f cfs didmr`fs tfgtms træk`hms ip`sml`ms lurfgti cf kuirrf. Xä5•ig fquiccms hfpätucmsdfcl`tms oioìrmg sus `gsp`rfh`mgis isms fhusflm

ris y buihis `gqu`s`tmr`fcis li Xfg Airgfglm i @tæ-@oftà5 ig iccms amrdfrmg su ispär`tu tmlms cms licftmris qui, hmg sus `gafdis ligugh`fs, ccivfrmg fchflfcsm tfgtfs väht`d fs `gmhig tis, suostrf yigl mduhnfs vihis hmg iccms f cf pftr`f pfrfkufyf nirm`hms liaigsmris, qui fc ccikfr fc pftäoucm ccmrf

ofg, hmdm ic orfvm Dmgkicøs, gm cf pàrl`lf li ugfv`lf fhmstudorflf f bukfrcf ig cfs oftfccfs, s`gmqui ic t`rfgm cii nuoìsi gikflm trmhfr ugf ibihuh`øg istàr`c pmr ic su`h`l`m suoc`di li ug amrzmsmsfhrà`h`m ig cms hmdoftis còrflms pmr cf hfusf gfh`mgfc5 ig iccms tfdo`àg ighmgtrfrmg fcìgtms isms




“ 9; “

sfhirlmtis, fpøstftfs lic Hr`stm, qui `gafdfrmg ic

hmgais`mgfr`m, ccivfglm cms sihritms rihmk`lms li cfo`ms li cms pig`tigtis f cms mälms lic t`rfgm, hmgv`rt`àglmsi li isti dmlm ig cfs fvis lic hìcm quilihäf ic hftih`sdm, hufglm hmgd`gfof f cms qui s`gtìsig ofbfdigti lic kmoìrgm, fòg fccæ ig cf hcfusurf li cms nmkfris y ig cfs `gishrutfocis rihmgl`tihis lic hmrfzøg

¡ Huægtm lföf f cf d idmr`f li lmg Hfrcms C ø piz su ràk`dig iluhft`vm, yf qui gm si puili gikfr, g` sirà ym quìg cm gìkui, qui ig mtrms rispihtms li su kmoìrgm is l`kgm li fcfofgzf

Ic cm prisigtf hfrkfglm, fhfsm, dfymr rispmgsfo`c`lfl fgti cf n`stmr`f qui ic l`htflmr Arfgh`f.

Fcoirl` n`zm yf gmtfr qui ic lispmt`sdm lic òct`dm,qui auà søcm ug fhh`ligti y pulm lisfpfrihir hmgic nmdori qui cm ibirh`ø, cm icivø lmg Hfrcms f s`stidf ig cf hfrtf hmgst`tuh`mgfc lic <<, ig qui gmsi digh`mgf s`quìrf ugf viz cf pfcforf còirtfl.

P s` li istf hmgs`lirfh`øg si pfsf f cfs qui su

kìri ic Hftih`sdm li Xfg Fcoirtm, g m si istæ ci bm sli pigsfr qui, ig iaihtm, s` cf t`rfgäf li fquàc auàsmcm, fhfsm, risuctflm li `gvighòcis `dpucsms liug tidpirfdigtm dmromsm, gm fsä cf lic sikuglm,qui, hmg tmlm hæchucm, quiräf `dou`r fc puiocm igcfs lmhtr`gfs li cf moilìgh`f pfs`vf, igsiöæglmci

cf a`cmsmaäf lic lispmt`sdm, sfgtà`hflf hmg cms prist`k`ms li cf ric`k`øg, pmr cf pcudf, m igv`cih`lf mafgæt`hf, li ug mo`spm fosmcut`stf

(Fculi ic futmr fc fgtihismr lic mo`spm Zfcfh`ms).




“ 9> “

Ig cf hfp`tfc y ig fckugms pugtms, cms dæs `d

pmrtfgtis li cf hfdpföf, ix`stäfg hmcik`ms pfrt`hucfris, pirm, dæs qui ig iccms, ic ispär`tu li cfdubir pfrfkufyf si amrdø ig cms nmkfris, lmgli,fpfrti li cfs gmh`mgis li cf igsiöfgzf icidigtfcrihò`lf li sus pflris, huct`vfofg isfs rfrfs v`rtulis suoc`dflfs dæs tfrli ig cf nmrf li cf prui

of, hufglm Zfghnf Kfrdil`f, ic ægkic lic pulmr,cf dært`r li su nmgrf, hfäf cfghiflf ig ridmtfssmcilflis, y tfgtfs dflris y nirdfgfs priairäfgcf duirti y smpmrtfofg cms dæs oærofrms tmrdigtms, fgtis qui dfghnfr sus cfo`ms hmg cf licfh`øgm cf ligugh`f afcsf qui si cis ix`käf hmgtrf ic nirdfgm, ic ispmsm m ic n`bm, lidmstrfglm fsä qui gmis gihisfr`m oushfr ig cf n`stmr`f krìkf cfs pæk`gfs li Nfrdml`m y Fr`stmk`tøg pfrf sfoir f quàsfhrà`h`ms puili ccikfr cf dubir ig frfs li cfcifctfl

P, s` si pìgsf qui cf qui gm suhudoäf väht`dfli cms tmrdigtms, ixp`rfof lispuàs ig cfs pigur`fs

li isi àxmlm lmcmrmsm f trfvàs li cf sicvf m ic lisìrtm, y nuyiglm fgti ic `gvfsmr qui nmccfof hmgsu pcfgtf cf tudof li cms duirtms quir`lms, igtmghis si hmdprigli qui cf n`stmr`f auturf tiglræqui ishucp`r ig sus nmbfs cf `dfkig li isf gmocidubir hmg ic ricìvi àp`hm qui ci lfg sus `gdig

sms lmcmris

Dfguic KMGL_F.

Fsugh`øg, dfym 69 li 6>0;,




“ 90 “

Hmg dmt`vm li cms icmk`ms qui ic dfcmkrflm Ocfs

Kfrfy lil`hfrf f cf morf iluhfh`mgfc lic kmoìrgm li lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz ig su "Hmdpigl`m li cf N `stmr`f lic Z f rf k u f y " (pæk . ? 1 0 ) , lmgDfguic Kmglrf puoc`hø ig "Cf Lidmhrfh`f"(6>0;) , ugf sirì li frtähucms mhupæglmsi lic "Hftih`sdm li Xfg Fcoirtm" , flmptflm igtmghis hmdmtixtm li `gstruhh`øg häv`hf ig cfs ishuicfs li cfripòoc`hf y qui is hmdm rizf su pmrtflf ugf "`gs

truhh`øg lmgli pmr cihh`mgis, prikugtfs y rispuis

tfs, si igsiöf f cms g`öms y g`öfs cfs moc`kfh`mgis

dæs pr`gh`pfcis qui ug vfsfccm lioi f su _iy y

Xiömr" hmdm "idfgfh`øg li cf futmr`lfl l`v`gf."

Bu`h`m lic Lmhtmr Lmd ägkuiz

"Ic kmoirgfgti si `ligtà `hø hmg cf pftr`f y s`ku`ø ccfdfglm trf`lmr fc qui lihäf dfc lic kmoìrgm5 ig cms hmcik`ms si n`zm fpriglir ic Hftih`sdmli Xfg Fcoirtm, is lih`r, ic høl`km lic lispmt`sdm.

Ic siömr Dfguic Kmglrf auà quìg ig ugms fr

tähucms oìg pigsflms si mhupø lic Hftih`sdm liXfg Fcoirtm, pirm ixfkirfglm tfc viz sus risuctflms, puis gmsmtrms igtiglidms qui, hmg m s`g Xfg

Fcoirtm, cfs nmrròcis ishigfs li cf kuirrf, cf hruic

lfl, cf ofbizf y cf licfh`øg, nuoìrfg s`lm dmgilf hmrrìgti.

Dfguic LMDÄGKYIR.(Hmgairigh`f smori cf igsiöfgzf gfh`mgfc“6>0;).

\fgtm lmg Dfguic Kmglrf hmdm ic lmhtmr Dfguic Lmdägkuiz, lishmccfgtis a`kurfs li cfs citrfs pfrfkufyfs, smgsua`hìgtidigti hmgmh`lms, fpfrti li sus istul`ms y fhtufh`øg li pr`dirf a`cf ig cf v`lf gfh`mgfc, pfrf qui sifdigistir ixtiglirsi ig mtrms lftms f su rispihtm,




M \ _ M X H M D I G \ F _ @ M X

(Lic Lmhtmr Hih`c`m Oæiz)

Huigtf Dr. [fsnourg qui cuikm qui ic kigirfc Cøpiz si fpmlirø li cf pris`ligh`f, n`zm ri`dpr`d`r ic hftih`sdm li Xfg Fcoirtm, mo`spm li \u-hudæg, quìg cm puoc`hø ig 6;><, lispuàs y hmdm

hmgsihuigh`f li cf `gsurrihh`øg ighfoizflf pmr icliskrfh`flm \upfi-Fdfrò, qui auà fnmkflf igsfgkri. Ic hftih`sdm li Xfg Fcoirtm is ic Høl`kmlic lispmt`sdm, y istfof list`gflm“l`hi Bmsà D.Istrflf“f hmrrmdpir f cf buvigtul, `ga ` ctræglmcilisli tidprfgm cf `lmcfträf lic pmlir y cf foyihh`øg lic ishcfvm.

Ic puiocm v`v`ø, puis, ig cf `kgmrfgh`f dæs prmauglf, tfgtm ig cms lrfdæt`hms tìdpms lic hmcmg`fbi, hmdm ig cms duy træk`hms li cms l`htflmrisgfh`mgfcis. Xikrikflm lic duglm h`v`c`zflm pmr cftr`pci ofrrirf li cms krfglis lisìrtms tirr`tmr`fcis, li cf `kgmrfgh`f li cf cigkuf hfsticcfgf y lics`stidf timhræt`hm-pmcät`hm, `dpcfgtflm pmr cfs d`s`mgis hftøc`hfs y pmr cms kmoìrgms l`htftmr`fcis, icpuiocm pfrfkufym nf ccikflm f sir ic dæs pmori,ic dæs `kgmrfgti y ic dæs `ghfpfz pfrf cf v`lflidmhræt`hf.

_ih`àg lispuàs li 6>;: p`ìli lih`rsi qui ic Zf-




“ 16 “ -

rfkufy c`f ccikflm f `ghmrpmrfrsi fc dmv`dìgtm

li cms puiocms h`v`c`zflms, y tìgi ishuicfs li virlfl, lmgli ic `gl`v`lum `custrf su ispär`tu y flquìri hmghìgh`f li su pirsmgfc`lfl, qui fgtisgm cf tigäf,

Dfs is gihisfr`m nfhir hmgstfr qui gm smcfdigtismg ishfsfs tmlfväf cfs ishuicfs ig cms puiocms licf hfdpföf, s`gm tfdo`àg fsfz `gsua`hìgti cf igsiöfgzf pfrf icivfr cf hmgl`h`øg dmrfc lic puiocm.

Is gihisfr`m duct`pc`hfr cfs ishuicfs pfrf iluhfr fc puiocm. Cf ishuicf is ic auglfdigtm li tmlm prmkrism y cf ofsi lic kmoìrgm còri.

Zmr afctf li `gstruh h`øg, ic pui ocm pf rfk uf ymgm tìgi tmlfväf hmstudoris lidmhræt`hfs2 ic puiocm hfdpis`gm is duy `kgmrfgti. Ig ic Zfrcfdigtm gm nfy `lifs, y cf prigsf gfh`mgfc gm huigtf g`hmg ug smcm ørkfgm li pr`gh`p`ms . . . pmr af ctf liug pòoc`hm ciälm qui ci là v`lf. Istf is cf virlfl.

Cf virlfl, hmdm hìrtms ridil`ms, tìgi susfdfrkurfs5 pirm nfy qui livmrfrcfs hmg ris`kgfh`øg, s` quiridms supr`d`r cms dfcis.

Iluquidms fc puiocm pmr cf `gstruhh`øg y pmrcms fhtms li ouig kmoìrgm5 pmrqui ug puiocm silisdmrfc`zf pmr cms ftigtflms kuoirgft`vms, si hm

rrmdpi pmr ic lispmt`sdm, y si hrit`g`zf pmr cf afctf li `gstruhh`øg.

{Cf t`rfgäf ig ic Zfrfkufy.“Xus hfusfs, hfrfhtiris y risuctflms).







H @ G H Y I G \ I G F _ @ M L I H I _ _ M H M _ F

D Y I _ \ I L I C \ @ _ F G M

Duhnfs vi hi s i stuvm ( Gfpmci øg) fugf puckflf li cf duirti . Ygf viz hfyøig ic puigti li Frimcf. Mtrf viz ig ugighuigtrm si v`m ig dil`m li cms fusträfhms y auà còrflm f lurfs pigfs. IgCmgftm y ig mtrfs pfrtis istuvm f pug

tm li sir pr`s`mgirm. Ziciø ig sisigtfoftfc cfs y tmlfväf gm istfof hmgtigtm .“ I d i r s m g .

¡Huægtm hmgtrfsti igtri i c kuirrirmkig`fc y su `d`tflmr (i c Dfr`shfc Cøpiz) qui risuctø sir ic Hfp`tæg Frföfli cf kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy

Nmy si hudpcig h`ghuigtf föms qui si còrø icpmstrir hmdofti igtri ug puöflm li ispihtrms, dæsqui smclflms, y ic gudirmsm y oìg dfgtig`lm ibàr

h`tm orfs`cirm, ig Hirrm Hmrf, suhism fhfih`lm ic c0

li Dfrzm li 6>;:.Isti cuhtumsm fhmgtih`dìgtm, òct`dm ip`sml`m li

cf krfg trfkil`f, qui nf puistm a`g f cf hmgtìglf,ig cf qui suhudo`ø guistrm puiocm, dfrhf, fc d`sdm tìdpm, cf irf `g`h`fc lm cf `d pcfgtfh`øg lic rà




“ 1< “

k`dig li cf lidmhrfh`f ig isti suicm sìdpri nmccf

lm pmr cf pcfgtf lic t`rfgm m lic làspmtf, lisli suidfgh`pfh`øg pmcät `hf.Isti fg`virsfr`m ighìrrf ic dæs lmcmrmsm rihuir

lm pmr hufgtm is cf hmgsfkrfh`øg li guistrf lirrmtfsiccflf hmg cf duirti li isi dmgstrum li pirvirs`lfly li hmofrläf, qui auà ic Dfr`shfc Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz. Isti nmdori, dæs qui tfc, ugf aìrf forfsflf li fdo`h`mgis lisftflfs, li `gst`gtms hfrg`hirms, sigsufc, hml`h`msm y pus`cæg`di, frrfstrø trfsli sä, nfstf ic ixtird`g`m, f su puiocm, gmoci, suar`lm, vfcirmsm, cikfglm f cf n`stmr`f pruiofs lisu `gipt`tul d`c`tfr y li ixhis`vf hruiclfl, puissi hmdpcfhäf ig smditir f cfs dæs ixqu`s`tfs tmrtu

rfs, hmdm l`räf ic pflri Dfäz, f cms dæs cifcis sirv`lmris li cf pftr`f, hmg mcv`lm li sus dàr`tms ysfhrà`h`ms ig pigmsfs hfdpföfs.

Is virlfl qui nfy hmdpftr`mtfs qui si prmpmgig kcmrà `hfr f isi prmtirvm, prisigtæglmcm hmdmd mlicm li kmoirgfgti y hmg lu htmr li pui ocms,

hmdm cf ighfrgfh`øg d`sdf lic nirmäsdm li cf rfzf 5 pirm istf pritigs`øg fosurlf søcm si hàrf y auglfdigtf ig cf gihis`lfl, `giculòci f su bu`h`m, liamrbfr ug sir supir`mr, cikiglfr`m, ipøg`dm, pfrf`ghuchfr f guistrms hmghùlflfgms ic sigt`dìgtmlic gfh`mgfc`sdm li huöm t`rfgøa`cm, y huct`vfrcm

frtà `h`fcdigti hmdm ig ug `gvirgæhucm.Ygm li cms n`bms lic t`rfgm Cøpiz, li hmrtms fchfghis, pirm tigfz ig su idpiöm, lisimsm li ftigufr cms hrädigis y irrmris qui pisfofg smori icfutmr li sus läfs, d æs m d igms futàg t`hm, hmgfn`ghm y hmgstfgh`f nfoäf cmkrflm idofuhfr f ugms




“ 19 “

hufgtms bøvigis `gkigums pfrf qui fsudìrfg cf

liaigsf v`gl`hftmr`f lic virlukm li su kigirfh`øg,fc ixtird`gflmr li ug puiocm vfcìgti y fogikflm,qui cuhnø nfstf ic dfrt`r`m, nfhìglm rigugh`f lihufgtm dæs fdfoci pmsii ic nmdori, hmg ug istm`h`sdm s`g pfrfcicm. I gtr i tfgtm, Cø pi z, ig hmd pföäf li ugf flòctirf hmrtisfgf, cf Cyghn, ccivfof,lurfgti tmlf cf hfdpföf, ugf v`lf rikfcflf, s`

ofrät`hf, cibms lic arfkmr li cms hmdoftis.

Fsä hmägm istfdms ig ic lioir li rigl`r nmdigfbi fc smclflm pfrfkufym, qui gms nf libflmibidpcms `dpirihilirms li vfcmr y fogikfh`øg, rfyfgms ig cm prml`mk`msm, frrfghfglm cf fld`rfh`øglic duglm igtirm, tfdo`àg nforidms li ixfd`gfr,

ic rivirsm li cf dilfccf, s`domc`zflm ig ic Dfr`shfc-pris`ligti, qui si dmstrø `gl`kgm lic pfvmrmsmy tridiglm lrfdf.

Fcrililmr li cf pirsmgfc`lfl, li Cøpiz, qui tìgiricìvis oìg prmgugh`flms f hfusf li sus liamrd`lflis dmrfcis, si nf tib`lm ugf ciyiglf li ix

hicsfs v`rtulis5 dfs, hmg ic hmrrir lic (tìdpm,fkigti lipurflmr li cfs hmsfs, fquàccf si `ræ lisvfgihìglm pfrf qui cf n`stmr`f surbf ispcigligti hmgsu hmgtig`lm li virlflis `gdutfocis. Cfs digt`rfs lisfpfrihiræg hmdm cfs orudfs fgti cms rfymslic smc. Is tfrif vfgf pritiglir vicfr fc Vufs`-

dmlm li cf kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy.Nfy ugf afz lic t`rfgm, qui sus pfgik`r`stfs si

kufrlfg li.-lfr f cuz, hfccæglmcf, hu`lflmsfdigti,hmg iv`ligti dfcf ai2 cf lisigarigflf hml`h`f quirmäf cfs igtrföfs li su "Nàrmi" , puis dìgtrfsic puiocm picifof orfvfdigti ig liaigsf li cf pf-




- 11 “

tr`f `gvfl`lf pmr ic ixtrfgbirm igid`km, Cøpiz,

ig istrihnm dfr`lfbi hmg ugf `dpòl`hf hmrtisfgf,`gd`krflf li Iurmpf pfrf `gstrudigtm li pcfhir,si primhupfof dæs ig trfgsair`r, pmr dil`m li ishr`turfs li vigtf s`ducflfs, ixtigsfs zmgfs li tìrrfs f su quir`lf, isfs d`sdfs tìrrfs pmr huyfhmgsirvfh`øg ig ic pftr`dmg`m gfh`mgfc rigläfg cfv`lf d`ccfris y d`ccfris li cms n`bms `gamrtugflmsli isti suicm. Gm søcm si dmstrø `gl`kgm ic Dfr`shfc hmdm smclflm, hmdm hfp`tæg li sus cik`mgis liorfvms, s`gm qui tuvm ic h`g`sdm y cf lisvirkóigzfli `r lispmbfglm f isti puiocm suar`lm, ligmlflm,li ugms si`s d`ccmgis li nihtærifs, qui sirv`räfgpfrf fsikurfr ic pmrvig`r li cf fvigturirf, qui

gm ci libfof g` f smc g` æ smdorf, li sus n`bms, yli sä d`sdm, s` cmkrfof ishfpfrsi, hmdm cm nf `gtigtflm ig Hirrm Hmrf, oìg qui ci auisi hmgtrfr`f cf suirti, fchfgzflm ig su aukf pmr ofcfs igid`kfs, nfstf qui si ci uct`dø hmofrlidigti. Gm søcmic t`rfgm smdoräm i `dpcfhfoci, virlukm lisfcdflm

li sus suol`tms sud`sms y moilìgtis, ishr`turfofdæs li tris d`c cikufs li tìrrfs a`shfcis f gmdorili cf dubir flòctirf, cf Zrmsirp`gf li cf kuirrflic Zfrfkufy5 s`gm qui, flidæs, siglms hfbmgis limrm, pcftf y bmyfs frrioftflfs f cfs dflris, nirdfgfs y ispmsfs li cms nirm`hms liaigsmris li cf pf

tr`f, irfg, s`k`cmsfdigti, hmgluh`lms y lipms`tflmsf omrlm ici ofrhms ixtrfgbirms y rid`t`lms f Iurmpf f hmgs`kgfh`øg li cms fkigtis li cf Cyghn.

Is fsä qui ic tismrm ditæc`hm y cfs dibmris tìrrfs lic Zfrfkufy liaigl`lfs bpmr sus n`bms f uöfsy lìgtis, hmg vfcmr `glød`tm, irfg trfspfsflms f




“ 1 = “

cf dubir augistf, qui hmgtròuyø, dæs qui gflì,

pmr su `gacuigh`f dæk`hf y licitàrif smori Cøpiz,pfrf hmgsudfr cf ru`gf lic puiocm pfrfkufym, vibflm, ishfrgih`lm, uctrfbflm s`g pìlfl pmr ugffvigturirf lishfrr`flf.

Hufglm si rinfkf cf n`stmr`f hmg ic hr`tir`m lf`dpfrh`fc`lfl y li bust`h`f hmg qui si lioig fgfc`zfr cms nihnms y ixfd`gfr cms fhmgtih`dìgtms, nfli idirkir cf s`gìstrf a`kurf li Cøpiz hmdm icprmtmt`pm lic dmgstrum, sädomcm li cf ofrofrì, cfhmofrläf, ic mrkuccm sftæg`hm, cf `ghfpfh`lfl d`c`tfr y pmcät`hf, y li ugf `gdigsf hml`h`f, puis risuctf sir àsti ic fspihtm dæs ripucs`vm li su pirsmgfc`lfl s`gìstrf, hmdm kigirfc y kuäf li ug puiocm

frrmbflm f trfvàs li cms dfymris sfhrà`h`ms quirihuirlf cf n`stmr`f li Fdàr`hf.

Vuìg ciyirf litig`lfdigti cf `ga`g`lfl li lmhudigtms qui hmgligfg f isi ægkic ixtird`gflmr,y supìrf qui nfy bøvigis pfrfkufyms qui pritiglig v`gl`hfr su didmr`f, gm sfclräf li fsmdorm5

l`räf qui smg siris likigirflms, qui nfg s`lm väht`dfs li cf cmhurf m li cf ciy aftfc li ftfv`sdmqui cis auirf trfgsd`t`lm pmr sus fshiglìgtis l`rihtms m li sikuglf cägif, qui nfg suar`lm d`c pigur`fs, pr`vfh`mgis y vibædigis lurfgti cf cfrkfhmgtìglf y qui nfg lio`lm pflihir li cms girv`ms,

lio`c`tæglmsi su mrkfg`sdm nfstf ic fkmtfdìgtm.aäs`hm y dmrfc.

X` Cøpiz auà ug t`rfgm, sigsufc y sfgku`gfr`m,qui pfsfræ, lia`g`t`vf i `rrid`sòcidigti, f cf n`stmr`f, hmdm ugm li cms dæs ighfrg`zflms pirsiku`lmris li sus sidibfgtis, qui gm nf rispitflm fg-




- 1> “

häfgms, dubiris y g`öms, gm is digms v`tupirfoci

cf hmgluhtf li cms qui, f pritixtm li igsiöfr "gfh`mgfc`sdm", digmshfofg cfs cikät`dfs kcmr`fs licms biais, ma`h`fcis y smclflms, duhnms li iccms hfälms ofbm cf sföf lic t`rfgm, qui si oftìrmg orfvfd igti ig cms hmdo ftis. I ccm is lio`lm f qui siquìri mhuctfr cfs dfghnfs `gliciocis li cf krmtishf a `kurf li Cøpiz pfrf prisigtfrcm hmdm sädomcmli cfs dæs fctfs y purfs v`rtulis hùlflfgfs ykuirrirfs, ig nmdigfbi li quìg auà, prih`sfdigti, cf hàrf y ic hmdpigl`m li tmlfs cfs dfclflis,lihnflm li pus`cfg`d`lfl y hruiclfl5 quìg, igsus hrädigis y vigkfgzfs, gm rispitø g`gkugm licms sigt`dìgtms nudfgms, qui l`st`gkuig fc nmd

ori li cf a ìrf. Ishf rgih`ø f cf smhìlfl, `gtrmluhìglm ig su sigm ugf hmrtisfgf flòctirf5 ftrmpiccm lirihnms y còir tfl is5 gm hmgm h`ø f d `km s5ripul`ø f sus nirdfgms, tmrturæglmcms y cuikm nfh`àglmcms aus`cfr5 gikø f su dflri5 sfhrà `hø f cmsdibmris sirv`lmris li cf pftr`f, arfkufglm ugf vfs

tf hmgsp`rfh`øg5 gflì ighmgtrø hufrtic f su sföf`dpcfhfoci.

Nmy, h`ghuigtigfr`m li cf duirti virkmgzmsf licvirlukm li isti puiocm, cm is tfdo`àg li su tr`stifg`qu`cfdìgtm lia`g`t`vm. Cf tr`pci fc`fgzf, quisi fprmvihnø li cf vfg`lfl, smoiro`f i `gipt`tul li

Cøpiz, smstuvm y fc`digtø cf kuirrf f sfgkri y auikm, y, ugf viz tird`gflf, l`htø lurfs hmgl`h`mgis,cfs qui `dpmgi tmlm vighilmr fc vigh`lm, fc hfomli ugf cuhnf prmcmgkflf, ig cf qui si fofti tmtfcdigti fc ibàrh`tm igid`km, nfhìglm `dpmsòci tmlmhmg ftm li ris`stigh`f. Xi gms frrioftø cf tirhirf






“ ;: “

krf lm fòg fa`rdfr su `glipig ligh`f ihmgød `hf,

ristfurfr sus igirkäfs, ripmgirsi li sus pfsflmsquiorf gtms. ¡ Xi liofti tml fväf ig cf pmori zf, cf`kgmrfgh`f y lismrkfg`zfh`øg

F cm qui gms nfg hmgluh`lm cfs foirrfh`mgis liug làspmtf fctfgirm, y cf pmcät`hf smcfpflf y frtirf lic Kigirfc D`tri, ic kfuhnm Acmris y cms hmgsibirms tf`dflms li lmg Zilrm @@, qui gm søcm qu`sìrmg lisnfhirsi li ug t`rfgm tidòci y smoiro`m,s`gm qui nfoäfg fc`digtflm ic lis`kg`m mhuctm liigsfghnfr sus tig `tmr`ms f ixpigsfs lic Zfrfkufy.¡ P ic igkriälm y tmrpi l`htflm r cis marih`ø c f mp mrtug`lfl li qui lisighfligfrfg cf kuirrf ixtird`-g f l m r f

¡P pigsfr y sfoir qui nfy pfrfkufyms qui siprmstirgfg fgti cf ia`kì li isf nìgf, qui lihritøy hmgsudø cf ru`gf li su pftr`f

Is qui, s`g lulf, hmgauglig cf ciyiglf, `gvigtflf, hmg cf n`stmr`f viräl`hf, pritiglìglm nfhirishuicf li gfh`mgfc`sdm hmg ug pirsmgfbi ixiihrf-

oci, qui auà ic l`htflmr Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz,huyf didmr`f lioi sir mobitm li dfcl`h`øg nfstfli guistrf dæs ridmtf pmstir`lfl.

@ghc`gàdmgms rivirigtis y rispitumsms fgti icrihuirlm li guistrms fgtipfsflms, qui, hmg airvmry suoc`di fdmr f cf pftr`f, nfdorìgtms y lisgu

lms, liaiglìrmg pfcdm f pfcdm ic suicm nmccflmpmr nuistis ixtrfgbirfs, ig v`mcigtm hmgtrfsti hmgic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz, qui si dfgtigäf fcibflm li cfsoftfccfs, ofbm tìglf hmgamrtfoci, oìg fc`digtflm,ig orfzms li ugf oiccf, zfcfdirf y vmcuptumsf hmrtisfgf, qui ci nfhäf flmrfoci cf ix`stigh`f, pmr mtrf




“ ;6 “

pfrti tfg ccigf li suar`dìgtms pfrf ic smclflm qui

si oftäf istm`hfdigti ig ug f hfd pföf lis `kuf c,sfgkrìgtf y pmra`flf.Ig Hirrm Hmrf, cms ristms lic krfg ibàrh`tm hmgs

t`tuäfg yf fpigfs ugms higtigfris li ispihtrms,dìgtrfs qui ic sòfr`tf Dfr`shfc, su quir`lf i n`bms si nfrtfofg li fc`digtms lic`hflms ig dil`m licfs dfymris hmdml`lflis qui si pmläfg fccikfr igcfs h`rhugstfgh`fs prihfr`fs hmdm irfg cfs li cfspmstr`diräfs li cf hfdpföf d`c`tfr.

Gflf dæs icmhuigti qui ic hmgtrfsti qui marihäfic t`rfgm hmg ic puiocm qui pflihäf tmrdigtms `glihòcis, nfrfpìgtm, aft`kflm y d`sirfoci. Ig isfcfrkf v`fhruh`s ¡ huægtms smclflms afccihì rmg li `gf

g`h`øg m hfyirmg duirtms f cfgzfzms f hfusf li cfdfclfl y tirquilfl li cf nìgf igaurih`lf y fhmrrfcflf ig ic òct`dm riluhtm qui gm supm liaiglirIc hnfhfc ighm gtrø cf d uirti, nu yig lm d ilrmsm ,hmgsihuigti hmg cf hmgluhtf qui nf mosirvflm lurfgti cms h`ghm föms li cf kuirrf.

Cf n`stmr`f lioi dfclih`r su didmr`f y igsfczfr, ig hfdo`m, ic nirmäsdm lic puiocm pfrfkufym,qui ig vfcmr y sfhrà`h`ms rfyø ig cm suoc`di.

Buridms ml`m itirgm fc Dfr`shfc Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y vigiridms ic rihuirlm li cms kcmr`msmssmclflms, qui ishròìrmg hmg su sfgkri ug pmidf

`gdmrtfc, qui siræ cf fld`rfh`øg li cms s`kcms y icmrkuccm li guistrf rfzf

(Frtähucm il`tmr`fc li "Ic Còirfc " , lic 6 ' li Dfrzmli 60?:).

Irf l`rihtmr f cf sfzøg li "Ic Còirfc " y futmr lic

frtähucm qgi fgtihili, ic siömr Xicìfr`m O@QF_MCF, pi-




“ ;? “

r`ml`stf li krfg a`kurfh`øg ig ic pfäs , fhtufc D`g`strmlic @gtir`mr y fgtir`mrdigti pris`ligti lic pfrt `lm c `

oirfc , D`g`strm li Bust `h`f i @gstruhh`øg Zòo c`hf, Z ri s `ligti lic Xigflm y gm nf duhnm riprisigtfgti l`pcmdæt `hm ig i c Yrukufy .

Ic siömr _`vfrmcf is ugm li cms nmdoris pòoc `hmsdæs pmglirflms y pripfrflms y a `kurf igtri cms nmdoris li hmgsibm y li kmoìrgm ig ic dæs fctm hmghiptm.




CF Z _ @ X @Ø G P Q I B Æ D I G I X L I L M Ö F B Y F G F H F _ _ @ C C M L I C Ø Z I R

F G \ I I C Y C \ _ F B I L I Y G F D F L _ I

Orivi `t`girfr`m

" I c dmd igtm ig qui cms fhtmris vfg flisfpfrihir is ic dæs f prmpøs`tm pfrf ishrò`r cf n`stmr`f5 si puili rihmgmhir sus

tist`dmg`ms s `g pfrt`h`pfr li sus pfs`mgis" .“ \ n ` i r s .

Ishuitfdigti ixpuistms, gm pmlräf amrdfrsi licms fhmgtih`dìgtms ic bu`h`m riquir`lm pmr cf virlfl pfrf ic viril`htm li cf n`stmr`f.

Gm pritiglm amrducfr hmdm nfg li ixprisfr cf

virlfl quìgis gms suhilfg ig pmstir`lfl5 pirmsä, fa`rdm, hmg cfs hàrfs futàgt`hfs y fhhisòcisf tmlm idpiöm qui cf virlfl istæ hmgtig`lf y ripic`lf ig cms lmhudigtms qui cf oòc`mkrfaäf pmst-kui-rrf lic ;: nf rihmk`lm y ixpurkflm.

Fa`rdm, tfdo`àg, qui cms ishr`tmris `løcftrfs lic

t`rfgm Cøpiz smg hucpfocis li hmgtrfr`fr cms lmhudigtms ixprisms li cf n`stmr`f, ixtrfv`fglm hmg `gtigh`øg dizqu`gf y fgt`pftr`øt`hf cfs lihcfrfh`mgis,ishr`tms, didmr`fs, l`fr`ms y mtrfs amrdfs hmdm sidfgàistfrmg cms fhtmris li cf cuhnf, hmg cf ikmästf d`rf li id or`fkfr cf pfs`øg gf h`mgf c ig oi gi a`h`m ixhcus`vm li sus oìgis y ig pirbu`h`m li cfs




“ ;< “

igsiöfgzfs dmrfcis i n`stør`hfs qui si lioig fc

puiocm, pfrf dibmrfr sus `lifcis y fhiglrfr suhmghìgh`f ig ic rispitm li cf virlfl y cf pirsmgfc `lfl nudfgf.

Istms `gstrudigtms li istul`m gm vuckfr`zflmstmlfväf hmg cf gihisfr`f ixtigs`øg y dfgufc`lfl,prmvìgig li cms hmdpftr`mtfs qui dæs hirhf istuvìrmg lic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz y li sus gikmh`ms pòoc`hms ypr`vflms5 y smg ugm li iccms2 ic vìi-pris`ligti licf _ipòoc`hf lmg Arfgh`shm Xæghniz5 ic kigirfcArfgh`shm @s`lmrm _isquäg, biai lic Istflm Dfymrlic Ibàrh`tm, lisli ic hmdìgzm li cf cuhnf5 ic tigìgti hmrmgic Fvi`gm, sihritfr`m lic lispfhnm licDfr`shfc 5 sfrkigtm dfymr Zfcfh`ms, lic d`sdm hfr

km qui ic fgtir`mr5 ic hmrmgic B. H. Higtur`øg, pr ` vflm' lic Dfr`shfc y hmg krfglis augh`mgis ig cmshàcioris tròugfcis li sfgkri5 ic hmdfglfgti Df

täfs Kmòurò, ix-a`shfc li sfgkri5 ic hfp`tæg Frfd-

ourò5 ic nàrmi li cf @scf -Zm ä, tigìgti hmrmgic Arfg

h`shf Dfrtägiz5 ic hùlf lfg m lmg Bufg Fsigh`m

Fpmgti5 cms lmhud igtms li guistrm frhn`vm puoc`hflms ofbm cf `gl`shutòci futmr`lfl li lmg Bufd s`c-

vfgm Kmlm`5 cfs ricfh`mg is sigh`ccfs li l mg Dfguic

Fv`cf, cms ixmrl`ms y cfs flnis`mgis fc Hmgli L'Iu,lic pflri Dfäz5 cfs `ggòdirfs rivicfh`mgis li cmssmoriv`vìgtis li cf ru`gf, cf prigsf r`mpcftigsi li

cf àpmhf, ith., ith., fpfrti li n`stmr`flmris ixtrfgbirms qui nfg v`v`lm ig isti pfäs, hmdm Dfstirg`fg,

\nmdpsmg y vmg Qirsig, ith., ith .'

Pm gm sà, hødm tfgtms (s`gm tmlms) icidigtms pr`dmrl`fcis li cf n`stmr`f hmgsp`rfg f hmgligfr cfsftrmh`lflis y tmrpizfs lic dfr`shfc, y quà prmpøs`tm




“ ;9 “

m quà liskrfh`f digtfc ixtrfväf y frrfstrf f cms

`løcftrfs lic t`rfgm f idpfgtfgfrsi ig isi krfg afgkm li afgft`sdm ig qui si dfghnfg y si aistibfg.Ic puiocm viræ prmgtm tmlms isms lmhudigtms ri

ug`lms, y pmlræ, ig sus sìstfs li nuickf, ciir yhmdpriglir su pfsflm rihìgti.

Hufglm tfg piquiöf cfomr si nf rifc`zflm, ciyiglm isfs ricfh`mgis `gkigufs, smgräi ic fcdf li lishmga`flf li cf cfomr li Q I @ G \ I P \ _ I @ G \ F PH@GHM FÖMX li cms dfistrms flmrflmris lic t`rfgm

Auirfg tmlfv äf pmhm cms \_I@G\F P H@GHMföms li sulmr digtfc pfrf nfoir amrbflm tfgtf, digt`rf c`tirfr`f, s` c`tirfr`f puili sir ugf digt`rf.

Zfrf lih`r cf virlfl si riquìri digms tìdpm,pirm dæs sfcul li hmghìgh`f.

Nihnf cf orivi riairigh`f, siku`ridms cf rutf licibàrh`tm, frrfghfglm li Xfg Airgfglm, mr`ccfs lic\ho`hufry.

"Ig cf gmhni lic 68 li Dfrzm li 6>1> pfsfdms f\`doø, y li fccä siku`dms pfrf Dmgti C`glm, y lispuàs li fckugms läfs li istfr ig ic Hiòm pfsfdmsf Xfg Airgfglm".“ (Dfdòic Zfcfh`ms).

"Ig Xfg Airgfglm riug`ø Cøpiz 6>.::: nmdoris

sfgms hmg cms hufcis dfrhnø f Zèysyry".“ W(Ois -qud).

"Ic pfsfbi li cfs hmrfzfs pmr Nudf`tæ y ic frr`-nm li cfs d`sdfs f cf hfp`tfc, lìrmg cukfr ig àstfy ig Zfsm Zuiò f fckugms `gh`ligtis hur`msms quifv`vfrmg ic ispär`tu susp`hfz lic Dfr`shfc, s`rv`àg-




“ ;1 “

lmcà, puili lih`rsi, li ofsi pfrf `g`h`fr ic krfg

s u h i s m l i c f H M G X Z @ _ F H @ Ø G ' ' . “ ( H i g t u r ` ø g ,pæk. 6?:, 8ir. \mdm, Didmr`fs) .

Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, huöflm lic Dfr`shfc y tismri-.rm kigirfc li cf Gfh`øg, pirdfgihäf ig ic hufrtickigirfc li Zfsm-Zuhò, lisli ic ?9 li l`hìdori( 6 > 1 ; ) , läf ig qui n`zm igtrikf hmdm pris`ligti li

cf hmd`s`øg pmpucfr ighfrkflf li prisigtfr fc Dfr`shfc cf ispflf li mrm hmg `ghrustfh`mgis li or`ccfgtis y mtrms mobitms li fctäs`dm dàr`tm, ig gmdori licpuiocm li Fsugh`øg.

Hufglm pfsø cf ishuflrf pmr Nudf`tæ, ic 60 liAiorirm lic 1>, Oilmyf hmdit`ø cf `gl`shrih`øg iciixprisfrsi nudmräst`hfdigti ig prisigh`f li cmskigirfcis Ofrr`ms y Orukuiz y lic mo`spm Zfcfh`ms2"½Vuà istfræg nfhìglm cms li Fsugh`øg= Vu`àgsfoi s` hriyiglm qui gms nfyfg tmdflm cms gikrmsgm si cis fgtmbfræ pmgir ug guivm kmoìrgm, f quìgtiglridms qui `r f sfhfrcm li cf mribf".“ (_icfh`øg

li D. Zfcfh`ms f @kgfh`m @ofrrf).

"Ygm li cms h`rhugstfgtis si tmdø ic ighfrkm lipmgir ig hmgmh`dìgtm li Cøpiz cf riairigh`f `gmhigti li Xfturg`gm Oilmyf y li fnä lftf cf huist`øgli cf krfg hmgsp`rfh`øg a rfkuflf ig cf Fsugh`øg" .“ (?6/. Fv`cf).

Cøpiz fv`sø fc v`hi-pris`ligti ig ibirh`h`m, lmg

Arfgh`shm Xæghniz, (Flibm nmgmrfoci y cifc f cf afd`c`f li Cøpiz lisli ic tìdpm li lmg Hfrcms) , licpfsfbi li cf ishuflrf, mrligæglmci f su viz tmdfrf prmv`ligh`fs pfrf ivfhufr cf hfp`tfc.

Zirm fgtis, ic ?? li Aiorirm, fpfrihìrmg cms dmg`tmris ixpil`h`mgfr`ms f v`stf li Fsugh`øg.




66 “

Cf gmt`h`f hmrr`ø vicmzdigti, y f pil`lm lic hm

dfglfgti kigirfc li frdfs lmg Qigfgh`m Cøpiz, riug`ø ic v`hi-pris`ligti ug hmgsibm hmdpuistm li cmssiömris Oig`kgm Cøpiz, sihritfr`m kigirfc li kmoìrgm5 Arfgh`shm Airgægliz, ic buiz Oirgfrlm Mr-ticcflm, Ciøg Omkflm, Hfrcms _`virm, ic pflri Isp`gmsf y Kudirs`glm Oigätiz, hmg ic mobitm li hfdo`fr

`lifs y tmdfr r-ismcuh`mgis ig cf idirkigh`f `dpriv`stf li cf fpfr`h`øg li cf ishuflrf igid`kf."Cm qui duhnm ci l`skustø f Cøpiz, auirmg cfs

dil`lfs tmdflfs pmr cms nmdoris li Fsugh`øg, s`gsu hmgmh`dìgtm2 cf riug`øg lic hmgsibm li gmtfocis,cf bugtf li cms biais li d`c`h`fs ig Zfrfkufrä, ymtrfs qui si flmptfrmg f cf fprmx`dfh`øg li cms ouquis fc`flms.

"\mlm fquiccm Cøpiz `gtirpritø f su dfgirf ysi l`bm, sikurfdigti istm gm is mtrf hmsf qui ic lisim li sfhfrdi lic dfglm, y ic `gst`kflmr gm is s`gmd` nirdfgm Oig`kgm, qui is ic hfgl`lftm f suost`tu`rdi. . . pirm yf di pf kf ræ g ".“ (D. Fv`cf).

¡ Cf hmg sp `rfh `øg I rf cf sikuglf qui ic D fr`shfcpritixtfof pfrf sft`safhir vigkfgzfs.

Cf pr`dirf auà ic föm 6>9.0, ig v`lf li su pflri._`vfc`lfl li fdmr pmr cf oiccf Hfrdic`tf _., ci

frrfstrø fc `gdfturm d`g`strm li kuirrf f hmgligfrig hmgsibm fc bmvig Hfrcms Lihmul, y ibihutfrcm ig

cf pcfzf li Xfg Arfgh`shm.Cøpiz, cf nfoäf fdigfzflm f Hfrdic`tf, hmdm pms

tir`mrdigti fdigfzø f Zf ghn f Kfrd igl`f. Z ir mHfrdic`tf gm fdfof s`gm f Hfrcms5 si cm nfoäf l`hnmfc dfr`shfc. Isti si vigkf of aus`cfgl m f su r ` v f c " .¡ Mn, n mr rm r su hflævir auà f rrm bfl m lisgulm licfg-




“ ;> “

ti li cf puirtf li su dflri (cf li Hf rd ic`t f). Istf

s`gt`ø ic kmcpi li puirtf, cf for`ø. . .Ic hflævir lisgulm li su gmv`m istfof fccä, tigl`lm y sfgkrfglm tmlfväf.“ •(Dfstirdfg, pæk. 8>-80) .

Ig isti fhtm lisnmgistm y vigkft`vm si rivicf ichnfhfc li Xfg Airgfglm.

X`kfdms hmg cf hmgsp`rfh`øg li Xfg Airgfglm.Ig cms pr`dirms läfs li Dfrzm, auirmg ccfdflms fc

hufrtic kigirfc ic d`g`strm li _icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris, Oirkis5 ic hmrmgic Qigfgh`m Cøpiz5 ic sfrkigtmdfymr häi frt`cciräf lmg Arfgh`shm Airgægliz, ma`h`fc 6* lic d`g`stir`m li kuirrf y dfr`gf5 y cms siömris Kudirs`glm Oigätiz y Hfrcms _`virm,ma`h`fcispr`dirms lic d`g`stir`m li _icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris y

li Kmoìrgm, rispiht`vfdigti..\mlms hmghurrìrmg fc ccfdflm nfhìglm ic v`fbi

hmg ic Z`rfoioà, "digms lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz qui gmsi nfccfof ig cf hfp`tfc, y qui hudpc`ø cf mrlig pmhms läfs lispuàs. (Xi ighmgtrfof ig su istfgh`f liHmghiph `øg) . .

Cøpiz, fgtis qui ccikfsig cms rih`àg ccfdflms nfoäf tmdflm lihcfrfh`mgis f Oilmyf, quìg ftirrflmli su s`tufh`øg lipusm hmgtrfl`htmr`fdigti. Fsähufglm ccikfrmg fquàccms, Cøpiz, næo`cdigti tigäfftflms cms hfoms li cf afrsf. F tmlms trftø hmg lmoci/y dmn`gf `gtigh`øg. Cis nfhäf prikugtfs. F dil`lf

qui si lfofg huigtf cms "hmgsp`rflmris" li cmspcfgis lic dfr`shfc, si hmgtrflihäfg, ispih`fcdigtifquiccms ispär`tus tidirmsms. Aæh`c auà fc Dfr`shfchmdpmgir ic mv`ccm hmg tfgtm n`cm.

Hufglm Oig`kgm Cøpiz ccikø f su prisigh`f, cfslihcfrfh`mgis istfofg flicfgtfläs`dfs.




" ` P o ìg , ½ quà is cm qui ustilis pigsfo fg nf hir

ig cf hfp`tfc=" , ci prikugtø ic Dfr`shfc .'Xiömr, “• ci hmgtistø O ig `kg m, “ hmd m gm n idms tig`lm dæs gmt`h`fs li ustil m lic ibàrh`tm lisli qui Nbudf`tæ quilø s`t`flm pmr ic igid`km, nfoäfdms hriälm ccikflm ic dmdigtm li pigsfr y tmdfrfckugf rismcuh`øg tiglìgti f sfcvfr guistrfs pirsmgfs y guistrms `gtirisis".

Gm oìg fhfoø li lfr istf hmgtistfh`øg, hufglm icDfr`shfc, vmcvìglm cf hfrf nfh`f ic hmrmgic Hfofccirm, ci l`bm f àsti2

"Pf vi, Hfofccirm, hødm àstms smg dæs gikrms quicms d`sdms gikrms".“ (B . H. Higtur`øg, pæk . 606,2Bir. tmdm. Didmr`fs).

Higtur`øg hmgaìsf gm nfoir tig`lm gmt`h`f li cf

hmgsp`rfh`øg s` gm is pmr cf ispihì prmpfcflf pmr ic

d`sdm Cøpiz.

Ic kigirfc _isquäg tfdpmhm cf hmgmh`ø s`gm pmr

ic Dfr`shfc.

Ic vìi-pris`ligti Xæghniz, ig su didmrfoci hfr

tf li liaigsf cf hfcà`hf li "`dpæv`lf y tidirfr`f`dpmsturf' ' .

\c`mdpsmd, `rmg`zf su l ishmgmh`d ìgtm li cf tfchmgsp`rfh`øg, y si rid`ti f [fsnourg.

Gflì hmgmh`ø cf tfc hmgsp`rfh`øg, s`gm hufglm icDfr`shfc riug`ø f cms kigirfcis Ofrr`ms, Orukuiz y

_isquäg, mo`spm Zfcfh`ms, y f mtrfs duhnfs pirsmgfs, f quìgis cis s`kgà`hø cf `gafdi trf`h`øg li cmshmgsp`rflmris hmgtrf cf Zftr`f y su kmoìrgm. Vuiistfofg li fhuirlm hmg cms igid`kms.

Isti irf ic dmt`vm pmrquà ic ibàrh`tm si rit`rø lichuflr`cætirm, y qui fnmrf, s` gm auirf cf rivicfh`øg




“ >: “

li sus krfglis pcfgis li oftfccfs f cms igid `kms, is

tfräfg istms ftir`lms li virkóigzf f sus pìs.Bustà`hfof ic Dfr`shfc sus krfglis y augistms arf

hfsms, hmg ic supuistm hmgmh`dìgtm li cms igid`kmspmr privig`rcis liscifcis n`bms li cf Zftr`f, li sustrfshiligtfcis lis`kg`ms.

Hmrr`ø cf gmt`h`f. Cf kuirrf òf dfc pmr hfusf li

cf igtigti li cms hmgsp`rflmris hmg cms igid`kms.I stf afrsf s`gku cfr y krmtishf ispfgtf s` si ixf

d`gf cf hmghìgh`f li ug nmdori qui licòirflfdigti prmyihtf sfcvfr su vfg`lfl `gòt`c f hmstf licsfhrà`h`m li d`ccfris li väht`dfs..

Cfs tmrturfs dæs `gnudfgfs pusm ig præht`hf Cø

piz ig fquic lic`rùd äridigs li hruiclfl. Xus nirdfgms li sfgkri5 sus nirdfgms pmcät`hms5 tmlm, tmlmhfyø ig ic ridfgsm turo`m li fquiccf hmghìgh`f fluctirflf, qui pfrihäf ug hnfrhm li sfgkri putriafhtf.

Ic l`fr`m li _isquäg, qui hmdìgzf ic 6; li Bug`m li 6>1> fc 6< li L`hìdori, rik`strf XI@X

H@IG\FX H@GHM väht`dfs, aus`cflfs y cfghiflfs,qui àc pu lm fg mtfr . WIc huflrm lidmkræa`hm mrligflm sikòg cms pfpi

cis-lic Dfr`shfc ighmgtrflms ig Hudofryty frrmbfu gf c`stf l i M H N M H @ I G \ M X \ _ I @ G \ F P Y G M ,ic gòdirm li väht`dfs.

Dft äfs Km òurò , l ` hi D@C MHNMH@IG\MX MLMX D@C väht`dfs, `ghcuyiglm cms duirtms f hmgsihuigh`f li cfs pr`s`mgis y li cfs tmrturfs qui suarìrmg. I rf g iccfs li cm dæs krfgflm li cf F sug h`øg,y ixtrfgbirms `custris.

LMX D@C v`lfs trmghnflfs ig lms disis y dil`m.






“ >? “

li cms Fctms pmr ic hfd`gm li Z`rfyò, Hffhupà (pf

sm Fzhurrf ) ._imrkfg`zf ug ibàrh`tm li 68.::: g`öms y vìbms.Hmd m li hmstugxori, nfhi picifr ugm hmgtrf h`ghm,

pfrf ic ristm fg`qu`cfrcm àc d`sdm.

Fsä, ic 6? li Fkmstm, ig Z`räoiouy, guistrm ibàrh`tm suari cf pigòct`df krfg li`*rmtf.

Cøpiz, pfrf igkföfr y lislih`r cfs gmt`h`fs liclisfstri, hiciorf ug \i-Liud y si duistrf fcikri

pmr cf suirti li cfs frdfs ig Z`ròhmuy.

Ic 68, dfrhnf prih`p`tflfdigti, y ic 69 pmr cftfrli ccikf f Hfrfkuftfy.

Ic 61 is lirrmtflm Hfofccirm ig cms hfdpms li" F i m s t f - G ò " ( O . K r f g l i) .

Li Hfrfkuftfy listfhø Cøpiz ugf ixpil`h`øg li0:: nmdoris fc dfglm lic hmrmgic Nirdmsf, hmgmrlig li kufrlfr cf igtrflf lic omsqui, ccfdflfHffkuy-yurò .

Auà fg`qu`cflf ic 6>. Isti d`sdm läf Cøpiz `g`h`f su dfrhnf ccikfglm ic ?9 lic d`sdm Fkmstm li

6>10 f Xfg Istfg`scfm.Ic 8: lihritø Cøpiz prmdmh`øg kigirfc f krflms

`gdil`ftms li biais y ma`h`fcis. _isquäg y Hfofccirmfshiglìrmg f kigirfcis li L`v`s`øg, _mf y Lickflmf Or `kfl ìris . I c d`sdm läf si lishuori cf tirhirfhmgsp`rfh`øg.

Ig Hfrfkuftfy m sus hirhfgäfs, nfoäfg hfälm prisms ug nmdori hmg su dubir. Ic nmdori si ishfpø igic trfyihtm li Hfrfkuftfy f Xfg Istfg`scfm. Cøpizlishmga`ø y moc`kø f cf dubir f qui hmgaisfrf, fgt`h`pæglmsici cfs nmrrmrmsfs hmfhh`mgis f qui irfg smdit`lfs cfs väht`dfs.




Gm tmlfs cfs dubiris pfrfkufyfs priairäfg cf

duirti y cms dæs oærofrms tmrdigtms fgtis qui dfghnfr sus cfo`ms hmg cf licfh`øg m cf ligugh`f afcsfqui si cis ix`käf hmgtrf ic nirdfgm, ic ispmsm m icn`bm 5 cfs nfoäf qui ftirrflfs pmr ic lmcmr li cfs tmrturfs nfhäfg afcsfs hmgais`mgis sikòg `gs`gufofgcms a`shfcis.

Cøpiz n`zm aus`cfr fc sfrkigtm li cms urofgms pmrnfoir libflm ishfpfr fc prøaukm y f cf dubir cfn`zm lipmgir. L`bm iccf qui irf hìrtf cf hmgsp`rfh`øg5 qui dfgtigäf hmg Fqu`gm hmdug`hfh`mgis sihritfs qui cuikm irfg trfgsd`t`lfs f cms fc`flms5 quilisli Fziurrf ix`stäf ug pcfg li fsis`gftm hmgtrfic Dfr`shfc, sìglm pf rti li cf ishmctf cf ighfrkf lf

li ibihutfrcm.Cis ccfdø Cøpiz f ug hfrim fc fcaàriz Fqu`gm y f

cf dubir. Fqu`gm gikø fc pr`gh`p`m, pirm nfoìglms`lm hfst`kflm hmg fzmtis y hipm, hmgaisø tmlm fcd`sdm Cøpiz.

Hmdm mhurräf f cfs väht`dfs lic tmrdigtm, ig ic

pfrmx`sdm lic lmcmr si lihcfrfofg hucpfocis pfrffprisurfr cf duirti m rihò`r ic pirløg. Cøpiz fprmvihnfof isti dmdigtm y cis ix`käf ic gmdori li sushødpc`his. Dmròuglms, lmcmr`lms, ccivflms pmr ic lic`r`m, d urd urfofg hufcquìr gmd ori. F c a `g y fchfom ½quà cis `dpmrtfof=

Fsä auà ighfusflf cf siömr`tf Lmcmris _iifcli, pmrugf afcsf licfh`øg li Ci`ti Ziri`rf. Fsä, fnmrf, igXfg Istfg`scfm, Fqu`gm h`tf vfr`ms gmdoris. Cøpizci nfoäf idomrrfhnflm fgtis li pri ku g tfr ci2 " i gtfc mhfs`øg ci dfglø lfr li hmdir y oioir fkufrlìgti" .“ (_isqud. Didmr`fs). "F 'qu`gm ligugh`ø




“ >< “

fck'ugms `gl`v`lums hmdm hødpc`his suyms, istms li

gugh`frmg f mtrms, y li ug kmcpi auirmg aus`cflmsMHNIG\F P XI@X `gl`v `lums li t rmpf y l ìz ysi`s ma`h`fcis, igtri cms hufcis ic hmrmgic Dmgkicøs,hmdfglfgti li cf ishmctf y ic dfymr _`virm, su sikuglm, gm pmrqui nuoìsig tmdflm pfrti ig cf hmgsp `r fh `ø g, X @ G M Z M _ N F O I _ X I _ I Y G @ L M ig ichuirpm li dfglm ugf trfdf tfc s`g nfoircf iccmsl i s h u o ` i r t m " . “ ( _ i s q ` æ g . Didmr`fs. Dfstirdfg, pæk`gf <08. Il`h`øg. Zfcudom 6066) .

Xi huigtf qui ic ni rm`h m y hfofccirmsm hmrmgicDmgkicøs, vfrøg kfcfgti y nirdmsm hmdm vfcìgti,ccmrø fc t`rfgm, ci supc`hø qui ci pirlmgfrf cf v`lfpmr cf Zftr`f, ig huyf frf pigsfof sfhrà`hfrsi igfckugf fhh`øg kcmr`msf. Ic t`rfgm gm ci myø.

½Vuà pcfhir dmgstrumsm nfcfkfof ic hmrfzøg liisi nmdori pfrf trmghnfr hmg sidibfgti hruiclfl cfsdæs hfrfs y nirm`hfs v`lfs=

½Vuà dmroms`lfl fghistrfc ci ridmrläf, pfrf cfhmd`s`øg li sus hrädigis= ½Vuà d`sir`f dmrfc rmäf

su hmghìgh`f smdoräf pfrf dfgtigirsi smrlm f cfsvmhis li cf `gmhigh`f, cf bust`h`f y cf tirgurf=

Lmg Dfguic Kmglrf ftròuyi cf hfusf li tfgtmshrädigis f cf iluhfh`øg lispøt`hf qui lisli ic tìdpm li lmg Hfrcms F. Cøpiz si `ghuchø fc puiocm hmgic hftih`sdm li Xfg Fcoirtm.

"Hufglm si ciig isfs pæk`gfs ig qui si nfocf licfs pigfs qui ic kmoirgfgti puili `dpmgir f .-F@X

suol`tms, y ig qui si istfocihi cf licfh`øg hmdm uglioir li a`lic`lfl li cms d`sdms, fhulig `gvmcugtfr`fdigti f cf didmr`f tfgtms træk`hms ip`sml`ms lurfgti cf kuirrf. Xä5 ig fquiccms hfpätucms dfcl`tms




oioìrmg sus `gsp`rfh`mgis isms fhusflmris y bui

his `gqu`s`tmr`fcis li Xfg Ai rg fg lm i @t æ -@o f tà 5 igiccms amrdfrmg su ispär`tu tmlms cms licftmris qui,hmg sus `gafdis ligugh`fs ccivfofg fc hflfcsm tfgtfsväht`dfs `gmhigtis, sustrfyiglm hmg iccms duhnfsvihis f cf pftr`f pfrfkufyf, nirm`hms liaigsmris, qui fc ccikfr fc pftäoucm, ccmrfofg hmdm icorfvm Dmgkicøs, gm cf pàrl`lf li ugf v`lf fhmstudorflf f bukfrcf ig cfs oftfccfs, s`gm qui ic t`rfgm ci nuoìsi gi kfl m trmhfr ug f ibihuh`øg istàr`cpmr ic su`h`l`m suoc`di li ug amrzmsm sfhrà`h`m igcms hmdoftis còrflms pmr cf hfusf gfh`mgfc. . . " .“(Cf @glipigligh`f, pirämlm hmgst`tuh`mgfc, pmr Df

guic Kmglrf).

Hmgs`lirfh`mgis li äglmci smh`mcøk`hf hmdm cf quiic siömr Kmglrf fluhi, ½ puilig fc`v`fr cf rispmgsfo`c`lfl n`stør`hf y pmcät`hf lic t`rfgm=

Ic siömr Kmglrf, hcfrfdigti gm for`kf sidibfgti prmpøs`tm, fc hmgtrfr`m, acuyi li cf frlìgti arfsiqui si trfgshròi su sigt`dìgtm li pftr`mtf hmgtrf

r`flm pmr tfgtf `kgmd`g`f hmdit`lf pmr ic t`rfgm.

X`kfdms ig oushf li cf <* hmgsp`rfh`øg. Ig iccf,lmöf Bufgf. Hfrr`ccm li Cøpiz, dflri lic Dfr`shfcy sus mtrfs n`bfs, _faficf i @gmhigh`f, si hmdpc`hfg.Qfdms ccikfglm fc tàrd`gm li isti trfofbm.

G` ug smcm sigt`dìgtm li nudfg`lfl nfstf fquänidms ighmgtrflm ig Cøpiz. Cfs ishigfs, qui vfdmsf gfrrfr, hmcdfg cf gfturfcizf li `gl`kgfh`øg y ispfgtm.

Cm `gixpc`hfoci surki hmg d`stir`msf `gtirrmkfh`øgsmori guistrf hmghìgh`f.




“ >1 “

¡Cf dflri Is iccf ic òct `dm riauk`m li tirgurf

lmgli fhuli ic pirvirsm f d`t`kfr sus pigfs. Fccä,ic `gmhigti cm d`sdm qui ic pihflmr, nfccfg ic oigia`h`m lic pirløg y.cf hæc`lf fs`stigh`f li cf d`sir`hmrl`f. Fccä , ig ic fdmr `ga`g`tm li cf dflri si omrrfg cfs armgtirfs qui l`v`lig ig ic duglm dmrfccfs dfcfs y cfs ouigfs fhh`mgis. Fccä si oioi ic næc`tmli cf hfr`lfl y li cf tirgurf, y si gms ritròuyi icoìg y cf d`sir`hmrl`f pmr ic dfc y cf `dpìlfl quinidms hmdit`lm.

Cf dflri gm vi s`gm fc n`bm, fc pilfzm li suhfrgi, f cf hmgt`gufh`øg li su sfgkri, f cf n`stmr`fv`v`lf li su pmstir`lfl, fc fdmr li sus fdmris y fclmcmr li sus lmcmris.

. Ic n`bm dfcm, ic n`bm ouigm, ic pirvirsm y ic prøl`km , fc trfgspmgir cms udorfcis lic nmkfr lmgliistæ vicfglm cf dubir li cfs dubiris, cf dflri, nftird`gflm pfrf fquàc cms ist`kdfs hmg qui ic duglml`st`gkui y farigtf f cms liskrfh`flms lic irrmr ylic dfc.

Ig isi sfgtufr`m hmdm ig ic ri`gm li L`ms, gm nfys`gm ug krfg fdmr qui pirlmgf y ugf hfr`lfl quinfhi li cfs cækr`dfs pircfs li pfz y li oìgistfr.

Cf dflri is ic sädomcm li cf tirgurf y ic fdmr l`v`gm smori cf tìrrf, y ic väghucm dæs cøk`hm quiiscfomgf cfs kigirfh`mgis ugfs hmg mtrfs.

I ccf is cf sägtis`s li cf morf pi raiht f. X ua ri igic pfrtm cf krfg nir`lf qui l`scmhf su huirpm.

Li su lmcmr sfci ic n`bm f quìg fdf y kmzf ig àcsu suar`dìgtm d`sdm li cf v`lf.

C f dflri is cf ighfrg fh`øg lrfd æt`hf lic ivfgkic`m. Is cf qui suari sìdpri pmr ic oìg fbigm y




“ >; “

smgräi li hmgtigtm oushfglm y hrifglm cf aic`h`lfl

li sus n`bms, qui gm sìdpri rihmgmhig.¡ @ g k r f tm s . . . Cøpiz , gm søcm m cv `lø su a `c `fh `øg,

cf uctrfbø, cf idpföø hmg cf ocfsaid`f y cf `dpms

turf.

Zfrf ugf dflri, cf duirti lic pfrr`h`lf is pmhffgti cf fulfh`f niribi lic n`bm qui civfgtf su dfgm

hmgtrf iccf.Ic uctrfbi f cf dflri is duhnm dæs `kgmd`g`msm,dæs sfhr`cikm, qui s` si ci lìrf cf duirti.

"\mlfväf di frlig cfs dib`ccfs lic rfstrm `dpämli cfs dfgms lic pflri Dfäz' ' ixhcfdfof lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm li Cøpiz, f lmöf Fglrif _ihfcli igsu qu`gtf li P oy rf `ty (Bf rl äg O mt æg `hm ) , lispuàsli cf kuirrf.

Ic pflri Dfäz cf nfoäf fomaitflm pmr mrlig liCøpiz, qu`zæ. . .

" I g L`hìd ori li 6>1> moc`kø f su dflri f libfr su hfsf li cf \r`g`lfl, ig lmgli nfoäf pirdfgih`lm orutfcdigti prisf pmr hirhf li lms föms, i`r f C uq ui , hfp`tfc prm v`sm r`f, fccä licfgti .lic fctfrli cf `kcis`f, burfr qui iccf søcm ä'ihmgmhäf hmdm n`bmsuym f Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y dfclih`r f cms

lidæs hmdm rioiclis y trf`lmris. Xi ixhusø fcikfglm fgh`fg`lfl (tìgi dæs li sisigtf föms) y istfrigairdf lic hmrfzøg pfrf gm hudpc`r cf mrlig, pirmic ma`h`fc ighfrkflm li ibihutfrcf ci l`bm qui tigäfqui moilihir m dmr`r, y si v`m moc`kflf f d ig t`r".-“(Dfstirdfg).




“ > > “

Cf n`stmr`f gm hmgmhi ibidpcm li hruiclfl dæs `g

nudfgf. Gm tìgi ftigufgti. Hmghurrig ig iccf, cfsfgkri aräf, cf ixqu`s`tiz ig su ibihuh`øg y ugf is--

pili li pcfhir visæg`hm.

Ic 6? li sitìdori fofglmgø Cøpiz Xfg Istfg`scfm, n`zm fctm f mr`ccfs lic Hfp`òfry, li fccä f Hu-rukufty “ ig ug pfrf bi c cfdflm "\fgliy" , i c 0li mhtuori “ y fccä si prms`kuìrmg cfs fvir`kufh`mgis li cf hmgsp`rfh`øg li Xfg Istfg`scfm.

Zfrf hmcdm li cf hruiclfl lic t`rfgm, ug `gh`lig

ti lisl`hnflm lf pì fc prmhism ig qui si hmdpc`høic gmdori li lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm li Cøpiz.

Fpfrih`ø ugf dubir pmr fquiccfs smcilflis. Ickigirfc _isquäg cf ligugh`ø f Cøpiz y àsti mrligøfc hmrmgic Higtur`øg y fc d`g`strm Hfd`gms tmdfrfg lihcfrfh`øg li iccf.

_isuctø cf pmori lisl`hnflf, vùlf li ug ix-hr`f-lm li lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm li Cøpiz. Cms næo`cisbuihis frrfgifrmg li cf nud`cli dubir acfkrfgtislihcfrfh`mgis pm r cfs qui Qi gf gh`m Cø pi z risuctfof dfgtigir hmdug`hfh`mgis sihritfs hmg cms igid`kms lisli Fzhurrf.

Cfs dil`lfs auirmg r`kurmsäs`dfs hmgtrf cms `gl`hflms .

Xi istfocihìrmg lms tròugfcis, hmdpuistm ic ugmlic hmrmgic Fofcms y lic dfymr Oirgfrl`gm Q`ccf-dfymr, y ic mtrm, lic hmdfglfgti Zfcfh`ms y ic hfp`tæg li arfkftf lmg _mdufclm Gòöiz,




“ >0 “

Auirmg ccfdflms cms rims f rihcfrfh`øg, quìgis

hmdpriglìglm cf afrsf hruic li cf7 bust`h`f, si hmgaisfrmg hmgsp`rflmris, h`tæglmsi rihäprmhfdigti.

¡ Vuà auirti i `d pirtu rofo ci is ic list`gm, pfrfnfoir tmrh`lm tfg fctfs hmghìgh`fs

Ic hmrmgic Dfrhø auà ic pr`dirm y cuikm Qigfg

h`m Cøpiz, fd oms si h`tfrmg hødpc`his, dfs 61 ma`

h`fcis.

Lioäfg cms hmgsp`rflmris igvigigfr f Cøpiz, hmgic hmghursm li cf d flri li àc, lmö f Bu fg f. I stf ofg priv`stfs cfs dil`lfs li ishfpi, s` ic arfhfsmcis pmgäf f ishmkir ic hfd`gm li cf suirti. O f bf räfg pmr ic Hfp`òfry ig hfgmfs nfstf Fsugh`øg.

(Xikòg cf `dfk`gfh`øg lic t`rfgm)."Hmgaisms tmlms cms hødpc`his, Qigfgh`m Cøpiz,

Dfrhø y su dubir Oirgfrlf Ofrr`ms, licftfrmg hmgtrf cf siömrf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm ici Cøpiz y sus n`bfsvùlfs, @gmhigh`f y _faficf Cøpiz, àstfs hmdm hmgmhilmrfs y cf pr`dirf hmdm idpiöflf hmmpirflmrf

lic fsis`gftm prmyihtflm".Fsä surki cf hufrtf hmgsp`rfh`øg, cf dæs lrfdæ

t`hf, y cf. dæs hur`msf li cf, n`stmr`f' ig qui cf v`lf,

y n`. l`kg`lfl li ugf dflri suarig farigtfs `kgmd`-

g`mds li su. prmp`m n`bm. Hmd ìgzf ic 61 li mhtu ori ( i 6>10, ig \fgliy, hirhfgäfs li Hurukufty.

Ig @tfgfrföò, Cøpiz hmgvmhø ug hmgsibm li suIstflm Dfymr-. Istuvìrmg prisigtis X. I. ic Q`hipris`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf hcmg Arfgh`shm Xæghniz5kigirfc _isqu`g5 d`g`strm Hfd`gms5 d`g`strmIfciøg5 hmrmgic Higtur`øg5 hfpiccfgis dfymrisDfäz, Arfgh`shm X. Isp`gmsf ; Bmsà lic _msfr`m Di-




“ 0: “

l`gf5 hmdfglfgti Zfcfh`ms 5 hfp`tæg _mdufclm

Gòöiz y ic hmrmgic Fvi`rm.Cøpiz cis n`zm ricfh`øg li cf nmrriglf hmgsp`rfh`øg arfkuflf ig hmgtrf li su v`lf, is lih`r, hmgtrf cf Zf tr`f. Vui si trftfof li su d flri, cf pr `g h`pfc rispmgsfoci.

\mlms lìrmg su mp`g`øg mpuistf fc igbu`h`fdìgtm li cf dflri lic dæs krfgli kuirrirm qui nf v`stm cms s`kcms (sikòg cms giøa`tms lic hmgvigtm li cft ` rfg äf ) .

I c hmrmgic F vi `rm fhmgsibø qui hfoäf ic igbu `h`fdìgtm .

Cøpiz si dmstrø hmgamrdi hmg ic l`htfdig liFvi `rm .

N`zm sus ixhusfs. L`bm qui f tmlm rihmgmh`dìgtm pr`vflm, f tmlm väghucm li afd`c`f fgtipmgäf suhfræhtir y dfbistfl li sir li bust`h`f, li nmdorili cf ciy.

Dfgàistø qui nfräf tmlm cm qui cf nudfg`lflci pird`tìsi nfhir, igtigl`lm, s`g digmshfom f cf

bust`h`f.Ig fquiccfs ridmtfs smcilflis, lmgli cf vfg`lfl

istfof pmr lidæs, hmgaugli cf krmtishf afrsf hmgqui pigsfof `dpris`mgfr tmlfväf.

¡ Cf bust `h `f ¡ C f c i y_ih`àg hufglm cf `dfkig sfkrflf li cf dflri

hfyø ig ic culòr`m li su hruiclfl, si rihmrlø licf bus t`h`f , ici cf ciy , gm pf rf hu d pc` rcf , s`gm pfrfishfrgihir cf . . .

Ig Frrmym-Kufzò hmdpfrihìrmg cfs nirdfgfs.@gmhigh`f hmgtistø hmdm `gtirisfof f cms a`shfcis.

_faficf, lispuàs li duhnms läfs, lihcfrøsi huc-




“ 06 “

pfo ci 2 " s i pusm f tàr d `gm s" . Zirm hufglm ci `g

tirrmkfrmg rispihtm li cf hucpfo`c`lfl li su dflri, si gikø hmdpcitfdigti.Igtirflm ic dfr`shfc, futmr`zø si cf fpc`hfrf ic

r`kmr li cms hfst`kms._faficf smpmrtø tmlm2 y ½ sfoà`s cm qui n`zm = Xi

frrmbø fc auikm, civfgtø ugf orfsf frlìglm y sicf ccivø f su omhf.

¡ Vuiräf quidfrsi cf cigkuf fgtis qui pr maf g fric gmdori li cf d fl ri (Q i r lihcfrfh`øg li Fvi`-

rm, pæk . <1?. Dfstirdfg) .Lisli igtmghis au à smdit`lf f tmrd igtms. I g

Rf gbf bnò ic ?8 li l`hìdori,. Cø piz `gstruyø f cmsa`shfcis, pfrf qui ci icivfrfg ug digsfbi, rmkæg

lmci ugf futmr`zfh`øg pfrf prmhilir hmgtrf cf df

lri.

Ic pflri Dfäz rilfhtø ic ma`h`m, y ic dfr`shfc cmprmviyø2 "Xif `gtirpmgìglm lisli fnmrf pfrf sutìdpm, tmlm d` vfcir ig afvmr li d` dflri, y igic li d`s nirdfgfs, fquiccm qui cf ciy puilf fòg

pird`t `rdi" .Ic hmrlirm li cf ciy. . . ½ quà pmlräf nfhir ig af

vmr li su dflri=Huigtf ic hmrmgic Fvi`rm qui dìgtrfs prmviäf

cf afdmsf mrlig li fccfgfdìgtm hmgtrf ic lmd`h`c`m li su d flri, l ` b m 2 " C f hm pf istæ sirv`lf, nfy

qui oioir äf " . ¡Xi v f h ä f . . .Lurfgti guivi läfs hmgsihut`vms auà trfofbflf

lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm pmr cms a`shfcis.Hmg quà frrmkfgh`f li dftrmgf hmgsucfr rihnf

zfof cf `dpirt`gigh`f y krmsiräf li cms a`shfcis

Auà cf fht`tul li cf krfg siömrf ibidpcm li fctf




“ 0? “

dfbistfl qui ig fquiccms lisìrtms frrmbfof su lis

prih`m f cf dæshfrf `gafdi li cf t`rfgäf.G m'mos tfg ti" su a `rd izf li ris`st`r f cf `d pmstu

rf hruic lic n`bm likigirflm, cf moc`kfofg f pmgirsi li pì fgti cms a`shfcis, hmdm rihòäf "fckugmsi d p u bm g i s" y mtrms hfst`kms pmr ic ist`cm. D fguicZfcfh`ms lihcfrf qui ic hmrmgic Fvi`rm cf sfociø

ugf m lfs vihis, y qui àc cf " t m h ø " lms vihis ( ) .Cms a`shfcis hmdug`hfofg fc Ocfr`shfc cfs v`mcig

h`fs f cm qui àc fsigtäf Spmr "qui ugf viz hr`d`gfc,

hmdm si nfccfof' sudflri, si nfhäf fhriilmrf, f is

tms trftfdìgtms".

Ic < li igirm libø ic ibàrh`tm Rfgbf-bnò, hirhfli Zfgflirm.

" C f rit`rflf li Zfg flirm, l`hi ic kigirfc _i s-quäg, auà dmt`vflf gm smcfdigti pmr cf gmt`h`f licf fprmx`dfh`øg lic kigirfc Hædfrf fc _äm Qirli,s`gm tfdo`àg pmrqui Cøpiz rihicfof qui ugf auirzforfs`ciöf, qui sfcìsi li Hurukufty, suoìrf cf Hmrl`ccirf y ci hmrtfsi pmr cf ritfkufrl`f".

"Pf ig Zfgflirm ic nfdori irf ixhis`vf y siidpizø f hfrgifr cms ouiyis li cms hfrrms, nfccæglmsi cfs pfcdirfs qui prmpmrh`mgfofg ic hmhm f cfrkfl `s tfgh `f " .

Igtritfgtm Cøpiz sfc`ø li Zfgflirm hmg h`ghmd`c nmdoris y vi`gti hfömgis, fckugms li kruism

hf c ò ri " ."\fgtm ig Pkft `dä hmdm ig Zfgflirm , nuom au

s`cfdìgtms y cfghifg`ìgtms".

"Fc rmdpir cf dfrhnf li Zfgflirm tuvm cukfr

ugf ibihuh`øg ig krfgli ishfcf. (Didmr`fs lic kigirfc Oisquäg).




“ 0 8 “

Ig istf ibihuh`øg ig krfgli ishfcf si cfghiø f

Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f (? fc < li igirm ici 6>;:).Ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz gm mcv`lfof sus fafgis lifhuducfr fcnfbfs pfrf cf Cyghn, hmdm cfs mgzfsli mrm.

Ygf viz qui auà smdit`lf f bu`h`m su dflri, si`ghfutø li su iqu`pfbi f tätucm li riv`sfr fckugfshfrtfs hmdprmditilmrfs.

" I c l`g irm ig mgzfs, pftfhmgis y o`ccitis, y cfsfcnfbfs y bmyfs dfglø qui si riugìrfg ig ugfhfbf krfgli, y si igtrikfsig, hmdm si n`zm, ig lipøs`tm fc d`g`strm Hfd`gms y tmlf cf pcftf cforflfy rmpfs cf dfglø fhmdmlfr ig ug hfrritøg qui igXfdfhiræ, pmr afctf li ouiyis, si libø hmg ccfvi f

hfrkm lic dfymr Aàc`x Kfrhäf, qui òct`dfdigti sisupm nfoirsi lisirtflm, rmofglm duhnms mobitms lisu h f r k m " . L ic l`girm ig mgzfs, ic d`sdm läf liguistrf d frhnf li Rfgzf -bnò, di p`l `ø (C øp iz )ci trfbirf fckugf hfgt`lfl. Ccivà hmgd`km f ugma`h`fc, sfquà h`ghm m si`s ouctms li lms i`gturmgis...

Pm igtìglm qui isti l`girm cm nfoäf igv`flm pf

rf ic ixtir`mr pm r hmglu htm li cms `gkcisis D r. Gi s-o`t y Dr. Nugtir qui auirmg isi d`sdm läf hmg ugfhfrtf" (Hmrmgic Fvi`rm).

Ig _äm Hmrrìgtis, cf dflri li Cøpiz auà ccfdflf f ug hfrim hmg Q ig fgh `m C øp iz, qui hfyø igair

dm krfvidigti. Z`l`ø àsti f su dflri qui sft`sa`hìrf f cms a`shfcis, qui irf `gòt`c tmlf gikft`vf.

Lmöf Bufgf si mpusm tigfzdigti. Cm s a`shfciscf ligugh`fg, y Cøpiz cis futmr`zf f h`gtfrhfrcf hmgfckugms kmcpis, puis yf nf bukflm duhnm hmg ustilis" .




“ 0< “

Qigfgh`m, rigl`lm y igairdm, ci rmkfof qui li

hcfrfsi hmgamrdi cf riquiräfg ig ic `gtirrmkftmr`m.Iccf rispmgläf hmg fct `viz2 "gm tigkm gflf quilihcfrfr. ¡Li bfld i pmr L`ms , hødm d i g tä s " V u`sm civfgtfrsi y rit`rfrsi f su hm hn i5 ic \r òu gf ccf su bitø. I ccf `gs`sti y kr`tf fgti cf v`mci gh`f licms a`shfcis, nfstf qui àstms ci fpc`hfg sfocfzms y

kmcpis. L `hi F vi `rm qui igtmghis ixhcfdø ic cf 2 ½ pmr

quà di trftæ`s fsä =" I s cf òct`d f viz qui ym di ni v`stm y n fccflm

hmg iccf. Di dfglfof pil`r smcfdigti sus gihis`lflis qui ym ci prmviäf hmg hmgmh`dìgtm y mrliglic D fr`shfc, puis ym gflf tigäf. L i cm qui gm ciprmviä auà li yirof, hfaà, fzòhfr y luchi, pmrquiCøpiz lihäf qui yf gm nfoäf, s`g idofrkm li sfoirym pmr mtrm hmgluhtm, qui nfoäf ofstfgti li cmstris òct `dms frtähucms" . {Hmrmgic Fvi`rm). I c dfr`shfc gìkf cfs dmlistfs kmcms`gfs f su dflri. ½ Vuàdftir`fc`lfl krmsirf `dpucsfof su tmrpi gfturfcizf= Gikfr cf yirof y ic fzòhfr f ugf siömrf fg

h`fgf li dæs li sisigtf föms, is gikfrci ic phd y

ic fkuf.

Ic siömr _isquäg fa`rdf qui hmgt`gufof ic Dfr`shfc lurdìglm hødmlfdigti, civfgtæglmsi f cfs6: m f cfs 66 li cf d fö fg f5 bu kf of f cfs hfrtfshmg Dflfdf Cyghn y sus n`bms, oioäfg hnfdpfkgi,

y si hfdo`fofg rmpfs li silf qui cfs nfhäfg sfhfrli hfbmgis rih`àg lishcfvflms. ¡P su dflri D igl`

kfof yirof, hfaà y fzòhfr, y si ci hmgtistfof qui

yf gm nfoäf .

Dil`ti ic cihtmr smori ic sigt`dìgtm lic nmdori.L i Zfgflirm f Hirrm-Hmræ ic hfd`gm quilø fc-




“ 09 “

amdorflm li hflæviris5 cfghiflms y duirtms li

nfdori. L i cms h`ghm d `c y tfgtms nmd oris quipfrtìrmg li Zfgflirm fpigfs ccikfrmg 8:: (¡trishìgtms ) f Hi rrm-Hmræ, l`hi _ is qu äg .

F cms mhnm läfs li pirdfgigh`f ig Hirrm-Hmræ,fdfgihi ic 6' li dfrzm li 6>;:.

Ccikfg cfs vfgkufrl`fs li Hædfrf fc hufrtic ki

girfc li Cøpiz5 àsti vf kfcmpfglm, nuyiglm. Zfsfpmr igtri cfs hfrritfs qui hmgluhäfg f su dflri ynirdfgfs. _faficf ci kr`tf, ci p`li smhmrrm

¡Zfghnm , ci kr`tf, y àc fpigfs tìgi tìd pm lihmgtistfrci2 "Aäisi li su sixm, siömrf". Istf smcfhmgtistfh`øg rivicf cf pàrl`lf li tmlf sirig`lfl

y hrif cf hirt`ludori li cf nu`lf hmofrli.Cf l`st`gku`lf dftrmgf lmöf Xtfic Bmviccfgms

li _u`z, qui nfo`tf y v`vi tmlfväf ig cf hfsf li cfhfcci Oigbfdäg Hmgstfgt, di riaìri ic hfsm s`kuìgti 2

Ig ic dis li mhtuo ri li 6>; :,- cf siömrf lmö f

Bufgf Hfrr`ccm li Cøpiz fhfofof li ccikfr f cfFsugh`øg.Cf siömrf Bmviccfgms li _u`z, igtmghis bmvig,

fhmdpföø f su dflri f ugf v`s`tf qui n`zm f lmöf Bufgf.

Gm si n`zm ispirfr qui cf hmgvirsfh`øg k`rfsi fc

rililmr li cf kuirrf rih`àg aigih`lf.\mdø cf pfcforf cf `custri lfdf, l`hi, y ria`r`ø cfs tr`stizfs y pisfludoris qui cf fsfctfrmg igHirrm-Hmræ. Hriäf iccf qui su n`bm, ic Dfr`shfc, a`rdfräf su sigtigh`f li duirti ig Q li Dfrzm.

Fckm li ism si susurrfof y fsä lihcfrø fc d`g`strm




“ 01 “

Zærfggms. (Qir "_iv`stf lic @gst `tutm Zfrfkufym" ,

G0

1 ) .Hufglm fdfgih`ø ic c 0 li Dfrzm, ugf dföfgfrfl`fgti y smciflf, gmtø ic lishmghìrtm ig ic hufrtic. Cfs kufrl`fs qui cf hustml`fofg lisfpfrihìrmg5 cms nmdoris huyms hiöms si hirrfofg fdigfzflmris y aìrms, pirihäfg tmhflms li ug krfg ridmrl`dìgtm.

Xi lispibø ic fdoìgti lic tirrmr qui cih`rhuglfof, pirm fckm træk`hm acmtfof ig àc.

\mlm prisfk`fof ic lisigcfhi cfrkm tìdpm fömrflm y priv`stm.

Ig istfs `gquìtulis ci smrprigli cf hfrrirf v`mcigtf lic Dfr`shfc qui vigäf li cfs pms`h`mgis licGmrti. Zfsø li cfrkm pmr ic hufrtic y ugms d`gutms trfs li àc ic ishuflrøg li Hn`hm-L`fom, quiv`sòcidigti quiräf hmrtfrci cf rit`rflf.

Q` y hmdpriglä ic huflrm, li ug kmcpi li v`stf, “ l`hi cf dflri.

Xfoäf qui isi ishuflrøg irf cf auirzf igid`kfqui òf ig su pirsihuh`øg5 hmdpriglä qui d` n`bm

ccikfof f su òct`df nmrf. Krfgli auà d` lmcmrhufglm cm l` pmr pirl`lm y di pusi f ccmrfr y frmkfr pmr àc.

Huigtf cf siömrf li _u`z, qui fòg istæ arishmig su didmr`f ic smccmzm li lmöf Bufgf hufglmriairäf su hfcvfr`m.

` P nà fquä cf df l`'i, cihtmr f d `k m Hcfvfl, n`bms`gkrf tms, ig su hmrfzøg cf ispflf lic d frt`r`m, yms oisfræ cf dfgm qui idpuöf ic frdf pfrr`h`lfig siöfc li pirløg.




“ 0; “

Nfiilci ic dfc dfymr y ms pfkfræ hmg ug øshucm

li dftirg`lfl y li luczurf. F vihis ccmrf ig s`cigh`m ic dfc qui ci nfhig pfrf gm maiglir hmg suscækr`dfs ic ridmrl`dìgtm fbigm.

¡DFL_I MX ri`v`gl`hm lic uctrfbi qui suar`sti`s

ig cf n`stmr`f5 y pirlmgfl f cms ixtrfv`flms Xic

prisigti qui si prmstirgfg tmlfväf fgti vuistrm

virlukm y dfkgà`hfg sus hrädigis. Zirlmgflcis2gm hmgmhig qui au`sti`s vms cf qu-i suar`sti`s ic krfg

lmcmr li cf kuirrf.

Ygf pmstir`lfl dæs sfgf y dæs rmoustf sfgtà`

hfræ vuistrm dfrt`r`m, y cf Zftr`f, istf Zftr`f' pf

rfkufyf mcv`lfræ pmr vxìstrm pirløg f su \`rfgm,

y hmg ic mcv`lm Whfst`kfræ s`ms hruiclflis. Ic mcv`lm is ic hfst`km li cf N`stmr`f.

Pm `dpil`rà qui vuistrf n`stmr`f si dfgh`cci hmg~

h`ò`gægløcf hmg cfs hrøg`hfs `gafdis lic \`rfgm,

pmrqui sà qui vuistrm lmcmr c`f s`lm cf smgr`sf ni

rm`hf qui fhuöø cf rfzf ig su fcdf `dpirihilirf.

Ig vuistrm hfccflm lmcmr si gutrìrmg c-ms nàrmis licpfg li cf `gdmrtfc`lfl...

Pm `dpil`rà qui li cf n`stmr`f li cf Zftr`f si

dfcl`kf, pmrqui ig iccf ic dmdigtm suoc`di li cf

ixfctfh`øg nirm`hf is tfdo`àg ic `gstfgti li df

ymr lmcmr li cfs dflris.

Ic Zfrfkufy, hmdm Arfgh`f, ishrò`ø su ipmpiyfhmg cf fd frkurf sirigf li sus Dflris, y ym v`k`

cfrà pfrf qui isf ipmpiyf si dfgtigkf purf hmdm

cfs Dflris qui cf v`vìrmg.

Ailir`hm KF_HÄF.




Ic dfcmkrflm futmr li isti trfofbm qui v`m cf cuz igIc Còirfc (ig ic gòdirm lic 6' li dfrzm li 60?:),

listfhflm dìdorm li cf buvigtul `gticihtufc y lic pfrcfdigtm,, l`r`k`ø tfdo`àg ugf `gtirisfgti hfrtf f QfrkfsP`cf smori ic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz, ig hmgsmgfgh`f hmg cfs `lifsy bu`h`ms qui quilfg ixpuistms ig ic prihiligti istul`m.

F cf c`stf li arfkuflfs hmgsp`rfh`mgis qui si digh`mgfg,lioi fkrikfrsi cf qui riaìri ic pflri Dfäz ig su hfrtff M'Cifvy, hufglm f rfäz li su fshigsm fc pmlir y duhnmfgtis li cf kuirrf, ic Dfr`shfc ighirrø ig hfcfomzms fhigtigfris li pirsmgfs. Xi puoc`hf ig ugf hfrtf dæs flicfgti.




I C D F _ @ X H F C C M Z I R

(Bu`h`m li Bufgs`cvfgm Kmlm`)

Fc lishrò`r cf hmgairigh`f li Pftf`ty-Hmræ, icfutmr li "Dmgmkrfa äfs N`stør `hfs" (pæks. 66 y s ` kuìgtis) lil`hf fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz cms s`kuìgtispærrfams y bu`h`ms, hmg dmt`vm li trfzfr ic pfrfci

cm lic d`sdm hmg ic kigirfc D`tri2

Bfdæs cf prmv`ligh`f nfoäf fprmx`dflm lms list`gms digms frdøg`hms, lms hfrfhtiris dæs ig pukgf “ li iluhfh`øg, tigligh`fs, lmhtr`gfs, sigt`

dìgtms ` hmstudoris l`fditrfcdigti mpuistms “ig dmdigtms tfg hruicdigti smcidgis, pfrf lipfrt`r smori cf v`lf m cf duirti li ugf ripòoc`hf fdir`hfgf..

Ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz gm nf tig`lm qui ixpir`digtfr, g` gihis`tflm hmgmhir istfs `g`h`fh`mgis `rr`tfgtis.

D`dflm ` flucflm lisli sd pr`dirms föms, hr`f

lm ig ic dfglm ` pfrf ic dfglm “ f cms lìz `mhnm föms irf bigirfc li or`kflf ` dfglfof uö




- 6:1 -

ibàrh`tm li sìti d`c nmdoris ig 6><1 f cfs supir`m

ris ørligis lic bigirfc Zfz.@gvist`lm ic 98 hmg cf pcig`pmtigh`f ixtrfmrl`gfr`f fgti cfs hmrtis iurmpifs, rihmrr`ø, fhmdpföflmli gudirmsm sàqu`tm, l`spmgìglm li rihursms `c`d`tflms, cfs pr`gh`pfcis hfp`tfcis lic vìbm duglm.

Zfräs, auà cf hùlfl li su pril`cihh`øg, pmrqui

sft`safhäfm` sus kustms i `ghc`gfh`mgis cfs ispcàgl`lfs ` fpfrftmsfs aìstfs li cf hmrti, qui ci l`spigsfof "faihtumsf fh mb `l f ig cms `d pir `fcis sfcmgis licfs \ucciräfs.

Zfsø ugf dföfgf lms nmrfs ofbm cf hòpucf lmrf

lf li cms @gvæc`lms, hmgtidpcfglm ic pøra`lm krf

gät`hm qui huori cms ristms li Gfpmciøg ic krfgli,

huym suiöm kufrlfg sò`cfs fcflfs, igtri cfs tudofs

li Cu`s ^@Q, Q ftòfg y \wrigf.

Fccä , igtrikflm f prmauglf dil`tfh`øg, su fb` cflm ispär`tu hriyø pirhò`r hnmquis li fhirm ` ic istruiglm li cms hfömgis “ riv`vìglm oftfccfs afoucmsfs fgti guivfs lic`ghfh`mgis li vfstms `dpir`ms

hmg cf ispflf lic Hfp`tæg lic s`kcm. Dfst`hø pcf

gis li pmliräm y krfglizf autgrms, qui su igair

df `dfk`gfh`øg ci nfhäf rifc`zfocis, smori ic suicm

còri li cf Fd àr`hf ripuoc`hfgf.

Cøpiz rihmb`ø ic dfglm supridm pmr l`spms`h`øgtistfdigtfr`f ig frtähucm li duirti li su pflriHfrcms Fgtmg`m, qui nfoäf ibirh`lm ic pmlir l`shrih`mgfc lurfgti vi`gti föms.

Irf, `glulfocidigti, àc cf pirsmgf dæs `gtic`-




“ 6:6 “

kigti i `custrflf li cf ri pò oc`hf , lispuàs li

Oirkis5 pirm ic Zfrfkufy, ig isf àpmhf, hfrihäfli higtrms li iluhfh`øg supir`mr y istfocih`dìgtms ug`virs`tfr`ms “ gm pmsiäf s`gm ishuicfs pr`dfr`fs y ug sid`gfr`m hmgh`c`fr.

Ic pfäs ig dfsf yfhäf pmstrflm ig hmdpcitf `kgmrfgh`f5 y søcm puili pristfrgms vfkf `lif li su

`ghmghioòci ftrfsm cf h`rhugstfgh`f li gm hmgtfrigtri sus n`bms2 ug fomkflm, ug dàl`hm, ug `gkigìrm, g` g`gkòg nmdori li hìgh`f hmg tätucmsug`virs`tfr`ms.

Ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz is ug futøhrftf, qui, kmoìr

gf s`g pfrcfdigtm, hmrti li bust`h`f g` tròugfcis,

hmdm ic Hzfr li cfs _us`fs m ic suctæg li \urquäf5

pirm tmlfväf hmg dæs pmlir, puistm qui àc gflf

tìgi qui tidir li cfs hmgburfh`mgis sihritfs lic

sirrfccm, g` li s`k`cmsms g`n`c`stfs, qui gm siräfg hf

pfhis g` ig ic pigsfdìgtm li hmgsp`rfr hmgtrf suv`lf.

_iògi ig su pirsmgf tmlfs cfs auirzfs v`vfs licZfrfkufy5 su hmga`fgzf hìkf y su hfr`öm s`g cäd`tis5 is luiöm f pcfhir li v`lfs y nfhìglfs, li

tf amrtugf pòoc`hf y pr`vflf, lic tismrm li cf ri

pòoc`hf y li cms oìgis li hflf hùlflfgm, li cfstìrrfs lic Istflm y li cfs prmpìlflis pfrt`hucf

ris.

Cms nfo`tfgtis tmlms istæg piglìgtis li sus cfo`ms, l`spuistms f sfhrà`h`ms s`g gmdori5 y gm lisif s`gm pigitrfr su mhuctm pigsfdìgtm, pfrf hm-




“ 6:? “

rrir f cf duirti, hmg cf `dpæv`lf y sirigf, vmcug

tfl lic istm`hm.

Cf riputfh`øg, ic prist`k`m y hfr`öm lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, ig cf gfh`mgfc`lfl pfrfkufyf, istæg v`ghucflms fc hrilm li tris kigirfh`mgis, qui si c`fgsuhil`lm niril`tfr`fdigti ig cf sud`s`øg `ghmgl`

h`mgfc li sus dfglftfr`ms.

Xus pmliris fwtmhræt`hms auirmg hmgsfkrflms, nfdil`m s`kcm, pmr cf vmcugtfl mdg`pmtigti lic l`htflmr Arfgh`f , y g` ic puiocm, g` cf gfh`øg, g` L`ms

istæg fgtis qui ic. Gflf tìgi qui vir hmg cfs

hmgvigh`mgis nud fgfs. Istæ frròf li cms høl`kms

d`sdms5 su vmcugtfl mdgädmlf, fgugh`flf ig amr

df li lihritms, quilf `psm-afhtm prmduckflf hmg

vfcmr y auirzf li ciy.

Ic is tmlmpmlirmsm. Ic sfhirlmti hftøc`hm, ig cms

hufrigtf tidpcms ispfrh`lfs li ug hmgaäg f mtrm

li cf ripòoc`hf, nfhi rismgfr l`fr`fdigti su gmd

ori ig ic dmdigtm lic sfhrà`h`m li cf d`sf “ f

sidibfgzf lic sfhirlmti li Bòp`tir, qui rmkfof f

cms l`msis lic pfkfg`sd m pmr cf itirg`lfl li cms Hà

sfris “ p`lìglm f cf L`v`gf prmv`ligh`f krfh`fs

pirlurfocis, nmgmris, aic`h`lfl y prmcmgkflf y vig

turmsf ix`stigh`f.Xus ibàrh`tms kufrlfofg dfrhflf fgfcmkäf hmg

cfs cik`mgis li Hfrcms ^@@ li Xuih`f, qui `gvfläfg

cms c`glis prmp`ms y f bigms, s`g `gvmhfr mtrfs rfzm

gis li kuirrf qui cfs auirzfs li cf ofymgitf y su

ispär`tu oftfccflmr5 m pfrt`h`pfofg lic hfræhtir li




“ 6:8 “

cfs li fquiccms futmr`tfr`ms subitis pòg`hms “ pm

tigtflms `rrispmgsfocis qui hfst`kfofg f cms pr`s`mgirms hmg cf `dpcfhfoci sirv`l/wtgori, y nfhäfg

ixp`fr cfs digmris afctfs hmg dut`cfh`mgis hruig

tfs y cf duirti ig cf .hruz.

Ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz gm tigäf ishr`tm g`gkòg còrm,pmrqui tfdpmhm fsp`rfof f isti kàgirm li kcmr`f.

Gm hfrihäf, s`g id ofrkm, li tfcigtm g ft u rf c5 y,fugqui su hfulfc li `custrfh`øg irf dæs oìg ic risuctflm li sus v`fbis y ic dfgibm humt`l`fgm licms gikmh`ms pòoc`hms “ qui li istul`ms sir`ms y

ug`virs`tfr`ms “ tigäf cf pripfrfh`øg gihisfr`f pfrf l`htfr aæh`cdigti, ig cms fsugtms li cf hfgh`cciräf l`pcmdæt`hf, f lms y tris ishròìgtis f cfviz. ( ½ = ) .

Irf ug ispär`tu auirti y sivirm, li fpmsturf dfrh`fc y nirdmsf, dfgirfs l`st`gku`lfs y hmrrihtfs,

`rris`stòci pfrf ibirhir `gacuigh`f ig su `gtircmhutmr m ful`tmr`m5 krfvi, `gtic`kigti y igàrk`hm, liicmhuigh`f mrftmr`f, hmgvirsfh`øg fdigf y pirsufs`vf, pfcforf aæh`c y lmd`gflmrf. Fsä is qui riugäf hmgl`h`mgis lishmccfgtis qui cm hmcmhfofg fcf fcturf li cfs gihis`lflis li su pfäs, qui is cm

qui hmgst`tuyi ic nmdori li istflm.Gm ci hupm cf amrtugf, hmd m fc kigirfc D `tri,

li sir ic rikigirflmµ' li cfs `gst`tuh`mgis li su pf

tr`f, pulìglm tfg aæh`cdigti nfoircm s`lm5 y ig huym hmghiptm y aic`his fusp`h`ms auà sfculflm pmrcf gfh`øg pfrfkufyf su flvig`dìgtm fc pmlir.




Fugqui nfd ori h`v`c`zflm y li hucturf smh`fc,

su iluhfh`øg moilihäf f mtrm mrlig li "pr`gh`p`ms,qui nfoäf `dprism ig su hfgiìgh`f y su hfræhtir

`lifs qui gm rispmgläfg f cfs hmrrìgtis prilmd `

gfgtis lic s`kcm ig qui istfof ccfdflm f fhtufr.

Cms sigt`dìgtms li kigirms`lfl, cifctfl y nu

dfg`lfl, `gl`spigsfocis ig ic dfglftfr`m, tigäfg

fpigfs ripirhus`øg ig su hmrfzøg, cm qui aftfcdigti lioäf v`h`fg' su sigt`lm dmrfc, qui àc is krfgrismrti li lmgli `rrfl`fg cms afccms li cf iqu`lfly cf rfzøg, rikucflmris lic hr`tir`m li virlfl pfrfl`shirg`r ig cfs huist`mgis `gtirgfh`mgfcis cf bust`h`f li ugf hfusf.

Cøpiz lishmga`fof li cf pfcforf idpiöflf, fhmr

lfof pmhf `dpmrtfgh`f f cf ai pòoc`hf, làäh`cdig

ti hmdprigläf ic nmgmr lic hfofccirm, y ic digmr

rispitm ci dirihäf cf cifctfl d`c`tfr5 p mr ism gughflfof hmcmhfh`øg u mhupfh`øg f cms ixtrfgbirms igsu ibàrh`tm.

Dfglfof cms pr`dirms smclflms lic duglm pmr

su smorìlfl, flnis`øg, moilìgh`f, nirmäsdm y vf

cmr5 pirm hfrihäf li l`sh`pc`gf tæht`hf, li ma`h`fcis

y biais tàhg`hms. Ig cf Fsugh`øg, s`g idofrkm, v`väfg cms hmrmgicis \icdm Cøpiz, Arfgh`shm Cfkugfy mtrms biais li vfcir, s`g qui sus sirv`h`ms,nuoìrfg s`lm fhiptflms, pmrqui pirtigihäfg f cf gf

h`mgfc`lfl frkigt`gf u mrìgtfc.Igtri cms prisms, qui vikitfofg d`sirfocidigti

ig cms hipms li cfzm lic hfdpfdigtm, a`kurfof icbmvirb sfrkigtm dfymr vmg Qirsig, ugm li cms`gstruhtmris y tæht`hms l`st`gku`lms lic ibàrh`tmprus`fgm, qui dæs tfrli, ishfpflm hfsufcdigti ig




“ 6:9 “

Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs pr`s`mgirm li cms fc`flms, a`kurø

ig pr`dirf cägif ig cf kuirrf arfghm-prus`fgf,sìglm fhtufcdigti tigìgti kigirfc lic `dpir`mfcidæg y fyulfgti dfymr lic idpirflmr Ku`ccirdm @@ .

` Huæc nfor äf s`lm ic lisig cfhi li cf k ui rrf , sìc pris`ligti Cøpiz nuoìrf `gvist`lm hmg ic rfgkm

li kigirfc fc d`c`tfr prus`fgm, y hmga`ælmci cf mrkfg`zfh`øg y l`rihh`øg li su ibàrh`tmLi litfccis sihuglfr`ms y fc pfrihir `gs`kgà`

hfgtis nf lipigl`lm duhnfs vihis cf suirti licms `dpir`ms.

Yg läf, s`g sfoirsi li løgli, lisidofrhf uglishmgmh`lm ig cf hmstf li Æar`hf, ig ic `gstfgtid`sdm qui òf f suhudo`r cf mpucigtf pftr`f liFgäofc y Xmamg`sof. Fh cfd flm `gdil`ftfdigti kigirfcäs`dm li cms ibàrh`tms li cf ripòoc`hf, còrfhmgtrf cms rmdfgms cf krfg oftfccf li \ògiz5 cmsvighi, tmdf pr`s`mgirm fc trùgafgti _àkucm, yritfrlf ug s`kcm cf listruhh`øg li Hfrtfkm.

Ic läf s`kuìgti li cf ispcàgl`lf v`htmr`f li H`tr

rupf`ty, ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz pirl`ø cf òct`df, mpmr

tug`lfl ig qui pulm nfoir còrflm li cf ru`gf

y ic ixtird`g`m f su liskrfh`flf pftr`f, pd* dilìli ugf pfz lihmrmsf, ligtrm li cfs ofsis ist`pucflfs pmr ic kigirfc D`tri ig Pftf`ty-Hmræ.

Ic pris`ligti Cøpiz gm Dzm cf pfz, pmrqui gm si

ris`kgø f lispmbfrsi li su pmlir mdgädmlm, gm

tuvm cf fogikfh`øg häv`-hf li fofglmgfr ic kmoìr-




“ 6:1 “

gm, y rit`rfrsi hmdm s`dpci hùlflfgm f v`v`r f

Iurmpf.Zria`r`ø siku`r cms fzfris li ugf cuhnf hruigtf y

lis`kufc, ofbm fukur`ms s`gìstrms, ig huyf suirti

`ghìrtf bukø hmg cf hruic `glàirigh`f li ug n`bm

s`g igtrföfs cf v`lf li su pfäs, pfrf `r fc a`g f

pirlir cf suyf prmp`f ig cfs frlìgtis smcilflis

lic Fqu`lfofg.Cf òct`df primhupfh`øg qui ci fhmd pföø fc si

puchrm auà ic gm nfoir riluh`lm f hig`zfs, pmr afc

tf li tìdpm, cf hfp`tfc y fclifs li cf _ipòoc`hf

hmdm _msptmpshn`gm cf _us`f ig 6>6?.

Cms ristms lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz f sidibfgzf lifquiccms riyis ik`ph`ms, qui mhuctfofg sus dmd`fsligtrm li hr`ptfs y p`ræd`lis aògioris ig cibfgmsfrigfcis, yfhig riskufrlflms li dmgtföfs li krfg`tm “ civfgtflms pmr dfgm li cf gfturfcizf “

ig lisìrtms `kgmtms5 pirm lmgli sikurfdigti pmlræ

fòg sir turoflm su itirgm suiöm, pmr ic afccm sivi

rm li cf n`stmr`f.

Xu pftr`f rigfhiræ fc prmkrism y cf h`v`c`zfh`øg2siræ mtrf viz r`hf y auirti5 pirhg cfs kigirfh`mgis

si rigmvfræg ig ic mcv`lm y cf `glàirigh`f li su

gmdori

Ic siömr Bufgscnww KMLM@, ix-hmgvigi`mgfc y ix-l`rihtmvkigirfc li cf Oòc`mtihf, Dusim y Frhn`vm li cf Gfh`øg,nfoìglm s`lm prmpìtfr`m li cf O òc`mtihf Fd ir`hf gf y lic




“ 6:; “

Dusim K mlm`, y . qui kmzf, li bus tm rigmdori ig ic duglmli cfs citrfs, ligtrm y auirf lic pfäs.

Ig ic Fpàgl `hi (O òc` mk rf aäf) si digh`mgfg fckugfsli sus pr`gh`pfcis morfs.







D F G @ A I X \ F H @ Ø G F C L M H \ M _ O F I R

L`shursm li Lmg Cu`s F. O`frt. “ Mtrf lic siömr

Bmsà X. Lihmgl (n`bm). “ _ispuistf lic lmh

tmr Oæiz.

Nf risuctflm krfgl`msf i `dpmgigti pmr ic gò

dirm y cf hfc`lfl li cfs pirsmgfs qui amrdfofgpfrti li iccf, cf dfgàistfh`øg `g`h`flf pmr cf buvigtul istul`msf y qui fyir ccikø f cfs puirtfs liclmhtmr Hih`c`m Oæiz pfrf fcigtfrcm ig su pftr`øt`hf hfdpföf hmgtrf cms risfo`ms li cfs pfsflfs t`rfgäfs y ig prm li cf iluhfh`øg häv`hf lic puiocmpfrfkufym.

Ygf hmcudgf hmdpfhtf li dfgàistfgtis quihmg tmlf hucturf hmgligfof ig gmdori li cms sigt`dìgtms li nud fg`lf l y li bus t`h`f u g f àpmhfmprmo`msf ig cf n`stmr`f gfh`mgfc, nf hmrmgflm l`kgfdigti cf hfdpföf idprigl`lf lisli cf prigsf yhmg tmlm pftr`mt`sdm smstig`lf pmr ic lmhtmr Oæiz,

hmg cf futmr`lfl qui ci lfg su sfoir y sus cuhnfsig prm li cf hfusf pmpucfr5 y fsä risuctø qui fyircf mp`g`øg gfh`mgfc, ugf viz dæs, si nf prmgugh`flm hmg tmlf cf `gl`kgfh`øg li cms dæs gmocis sigt`dìgtms nir`lms pmr ugf pr mp fk fg lf `gs`l`msf,hmg tmlm ic igtus`fsdm qui lispìrtfg cfs hfusfs




“ 66: “

bustfs, vfci lih`r, cf hfusf li cf pftr`f y li su h`

v`c`zfh`øg.Ccikflf cf dfgàistfh`øg f hfsf lic lmhtmr Oæiz,nfocø ic siömr Fcoirtm _`frt, ig gmdori li cms dfgàistfgtis. Ic siömr Hfrcms Kfrhäf nfocø ig gmdori li cms fcudgms lic Hmcik`m Gfh`mgfc y ig siku`lf ic siömr Bmsà X. Lihmul (n`bm) . Hmgtistø iclmhtmr Oæiz hmg ug hmghiptumsm l`shursm qui auàfpcful`lm ig hflf ugm li sus pærrfams. Nfocfrmgcuikm mtrms hùlf lfg ms, lisp`l`àglmsi ig siku`lfli àsti ig d il`m li v`v fs . I g cf Zcfzf @g li pig lig h`f, fgtis li pf rt`r cf d fgàistf h`øg, iclmhtm r \imlms`m Kmgzæciz `d prmv `sø ug nirdmsml`shursm qui auà duy fpcful`lm.

Ig risudig, y vfc`àglmgms lic ipäkrfai li istfs cägifs, l`ridms qui cf dfgàistfh`øg li fyir,mrkfg`zflf pmr cf buvigtul, prmp`h`flf pmr ic hmdirh`m y igtus`fstfdigti fhmk`lf pmr ic puiocm, nfs`lm ic sipic`m li cf t`rfgäf, cf hmgligfh`øg itirgf li isi s`stidf li mprmo`m y li virkóigzf.

Oìg qu`s`àrfdms lfr ugf gød`gf s`quìrf licfs pirsmgfs dæs ispihtfocis qui nfg amrdflm fcf hfoizf li cf dfgàistfh`øg, fsä hmdm cfs afd`c`fs qui fhulìrmg f cf hfsf lic lmhtmr Oæiz m fcms cukfris flyfhigtis5 pirm ic pmhm ispfh`m li quil`spmgidms gms pr`vf li iccm.

Cf ofglf lic Hmcik`m Xfcis`fgm, ugàmrdflf likfcf, amrd fof cf hfoizf li cf hmcud gf, læglmcirifchi hmg su lis`gtirisflm hmghursm f isti fhtm lipftr`mt`sdm.

Ig ic `gtir`mr y auirf li cf _ipòoc`hf cf dfgàistfh`øg nf s`lm fhmk`lf hmg virlflirf s`dpftäf.






“ 66? “

tmlf `lif ig cms hiriorms y hmgkicfof cms sigt`

dìgtms, tìgi sus pæk`gfs li nmrrmr y li virkóigzf ig cf n`stmr`f gfh`mgfc.

Ig iccf istæg ishr`tm ic prmhism y ishucp`lms cmshfrfhtiris li guistrfs liskrfh`fs.

Lisli cf `glipigligh`f nfstf cf irf hmgst`tuh`mgfc guistrf n`stmr`f gm hmgtìgi, ig cm riairigti f

mrkfg`zfh`øg y kmoìrgm, s`gm cf ricfh`øg li sihucfr t`rfgäf ofsflf ig cf vmcugtfl `dpirfgti li cmslàspmtfs ig tmlfs cfs fht`v`lflis, ig cf gikfh`øgli cf còirtfl, ig cf fusigh`f li tmlf bust`h`f y igcf hmgvirs`øg lic hùlflfgm ig sìrvm qui amrdfgic tr`sti ispihtæhucm li ug puiocm sud`lm ig cf `g-hirt`ludori, ishfrgih`lm y uctrfbflm ig sus còirtflis pmr cf foyihh`øg y cf `kgmrfgh`f.

\fc is guistrm pfsflm pmcät`hm.

Àsms pirämlms li likrflfh`øg y sirv`c`sdm tuvìrmg a`g ig cf trfkil`f li cf kuirrf, ig cf qui icsmclflm pfrf kuf ym hmgqu`stø kcmr`fs `dpirihilirfs, pmr su v`r`c`lfl y nirmäsdm. Is qui ic puiocmpfrfkufym gm nfoäf fkmtflm sus igirkäfs v`tfcisof bm cf aàr uc f lic lispm t`sdm, g` .hmg ic f`scfdìgtm li dil`m s`kcm ig qui v`vìrf - pu lm lio`c`tfrsisu vfcmr cikiglfr`m ig cf liaigsf li sus tìrrfs,hugf li su rfzf y li sus trfl`h`mgis.

Zirm s` ic vfcmr gm si nf ixt`gku`lm, s` cfs igirkäfs si dfgtigäfg cftigtis ig ic fcdf pfrfkufyf,s` ic fdmr fc suicm lic gfh`dìgtm frläf ig iccf, ighfdo`m cms sigt`dìgtms dmrfcis, cfs oiccfs v`rtulis lic h`v`sdm, qui hmgst`tuyig ic nmgmr y ic mrkuccm li cfs lidmhrfh`fs, nfoäfgsi fhfccflm tmtfc-




“ 668 “

digti, y cf moilìgh`f f cfs ciyis tmdfof cf amrdf

nud`ccfgti li sud`s`øg f cms làspmtfs.Isf `gair`mr`lfl dmrfc, qui `dpc`hf cf gikfh`øgli cf `glipigligh`f `gl`v`lufc, isf hmghigtrfh`øgli cf smoirfgäf ig dfgms li ug t`rfgm, subitm f cfsvici`lflis li sus hfpr`hnms, isi foft`dìgtm kigirfc li cms ispär`tus, prmluhtm lic ricfbfdìgtm qui

fhmdpföf f cf sirv`ludori y cf ripris`øg li tmlf`g`h`ft`vf, nfg trfsd `t`lm- f guistrf smhìlfl cfsfv`f `gaihu gl f li cf `gf g`h`ø g y li cf fpftäfdmrfc y häv`hf.

P vms, lmhtmr Oæiz, `dpucsflm pmr ic pftr`mt`sdm lic qui nfoà`s nihnm vuistrf ric`k`øg y vuistrm lioir, y fg`dflm pmr ic lis`gtiràs y ic sigt`dìgtm qui kuäf sìdpri f cms ishcfrih`lms vfrmgisqui, ig àpmhfs li lihfligh`fs, surkig `rrfl`flmspmr ic auikm li suoc`di `gsp`rfh`øg, lidmstræ`s fcpuiocm sus liaihtms, ci igsiöæ`s sus lioiris y ci`ghuchæ`s sus lirihnms, amrtfcih`àglmcm pfrf cfs cuhnfs lic pmrvig`r5 ci iluhæ`s hmg cfs `lifs sfgfs y

hmg ic ibidpcm li vuistrfs fctfs v`rtulis y ci nfhà`s lisprih`fr cms risfo`ms li cfs t`rfgäfs likrflfgtis qui smg ic mprmo`m lic pfsflm y cf `kgmd`g`f lic prisigti.

Li fnä qui sigt`dms bustäs`df fld`rfh`øg pmrcf morf riligtmrf qui idpriglà`s, pfrf purkfr

guistrf n`stmr`f li cfs d`stà`hfh`mgis, s`g rit`high`fs g` hmofrläf, y nfhìglm risfctfr cf gihis`lflli lisfrrmccfr cf hucturf lic puiocm, f a`g li quisi cfori ug pmrvig`r prøspirm y nfcfkóiöm, smoricfs ofsis li cf còi rtfl y li cf bust`h `f.

P li fnä tfdo`àg qui ms trfidms cf mariglf li




guistrf krft`tul y vig`dms f pristfrms guistrf vmz

li fcìgtm ig cf pftr`øt`hf hfusf qui liaiglà`s,hmg cms fctms dàr`tms li vuistrm sfoir y vuistrm tfcigtm.

_ihò`l, puis, lmhtmr Oæiz, cf dfgàistfh`øg quims nfhig hùlflfgms y ixtrfgbirms, hmga`flms igqui ic trùgam li vuistrf hfusf siöfcfræ läfs li

vigturf pfrf ic pfäs, y ccivfglm ig ic fcdf ic hmgvigh`dìgtm li qui su pmrvig`r gm si h`digtfræ igcf d`stà`hfh`øg y ic huctm li cms t`rfgms, s`gm quisi cforf ræ fc hfcmr li cf `gs p`rf h`øg icivfl f licpftr`mt`sdm y dil`fgti cf isdirflf iluhfh`øg licpuiocm.

Ni l`hnm.

Oic siömr Bmsà X. Lihmul (n.)

Lmhtmr Oæiz 2Zird`t`ldi qui ym tfdo`àg ms ixprisi huægtf

is cf `ga`g`tf sft`safhh`øg qui ixpir`digtm fgti istf smcidgi dfgàistfh`øg li cf buvigtul pfrfkufyf , f quìg, fc mrìgtfrcf ig cfs igsiöfgzfs li cfn`stmr`f hmg ic virom oäoc`hm lic dfistrm y lic prmaitf, ci nfoà`s `gaugl`lm ic sigt`dìgtm li su krfgl`msf d`s`øg ig ic pmrvig`r.

Istf dfgàistfh`øg tìgi ugf fctf s`kgà`hfh`øgdmrfc qui siræ li prma`hufs hmgsihuigh`fs ig icauturm. Iccf liduistrf qui isf auirzf frhfgf yd`stir`msf qui si icfomrf cigtfdigti ig cf hmghìgh`f `gl`v`lufc vighi fc a`g ig cfs fcdfs qui tìgigcuz , ig cfs fcdfs hmgaisflfs f ug `lifc li bust`h`f




“ 669 “

y li còirtfl5 iccf rivicf tfdo`àg qui cf hriigh`f

y ic lmkdf li cms puiocms còris, qui lisli cf hætilrf, ig l`virsfs itfpfs, gms nfoà`s `gaugl`lm, riprmluh`lfs y' hmghritflfs hmg cf pfcforf icmhuigtilic dfistrm ig cfs pæk`gfs `gdmrtfcis li cf n`stmr`f gfh`mgfc, ighuigtrfg cf hmdug`lfl lic pigsfdìgtm ig ic ispär`tu hmciht`vm, lmgli søcm si pri

sìgtig hufglm gm si lishuorig cms rudoms lic rigfh`dìgtm pmtigti li ugf kigirfh`øg y si amrdfgy icfomrfg väghucms arftirgfcis, tfg auirtis i `d-,pirihilirms, qui smg hfpfhis li ris`st`r f cms d`sdms hfömgis.

Cms pr`dirms cfdpms lic prmkrism si rifc`zfg igcm `gv`sòci, igtri ic pmcvm lic kfo`giti y lic cfomrftmr`m, ig ic fucf nud`cli li cf ishuicf y ig cfträpmli fukustf li cf hætilrf, ofbm cf smdorf tuticfr li cfs `gst`tuh`mgis còris. Is cf sid`ccf lishmgmh`lf qui si hmgvìrti ig cf k`kfgtishf igh`gf5is ic d`stir`m li cf amrdfh`øg li cf dmgtföf quisurki `dpmgigti lic mshurm hfms y qui gms pird`

ti ishfcfr, lispuàs, cf ditf lmgli si l`v`sfg nmr`zmgtis dæs fdpc`ms, cuhis dæs `gtigsfs, cf guivffurmrf qui si vi `rrfl`fr ig ic hìcm li guistrfsdæs fctfs fsp`rfh`mgis .

Cf n`stmr`f tmlf li cf nudfg`lfl gms liduistrf qui cfs dæs krfglis hmgqu`stfs lic ispär`tu,

qui cfs dæs krfglis v`htmr`fs kfgflfs pmr cfhfusf lic prmk rism y cms trùgams dæs lu rflirmsli cf bust`h`f y lic lirihnm, nfg s`lm pftrmh`gflms pmr cf prmpfkfglf `gaft`kfoci li hìrtfs pirsmgfc`lflis qui ighìglig cf fgtmrhnf qui hmgluhi f cms puiocms f sus kcmr`msms list`gms, `gsp`-




“ 6 6 1 “

ræglmcis cf fogikfh`øg pmr cf prmsihuh`øg lic oìg,

ic fdmr f cf virlfl y ic sigt`dìgtm v`r`c li cf l `k g`lfl' häv`hf.

Isms nmdoris cis `dpr`dig ic siccm ixtrfmrl`gfr`m li su kig`m, cis `cud`gfg ig cf hmghìgh`f lisus rispmgsfo`c`lflis y lioiris y ug läf cf rfzøgpòoc`hf ccikf f hmgst`tu`r ugf auirzf `ghmgtrfstf

oci, rfl`hæglmsi fsä cfs pirlurfocis hmgqu`stfs licf lidmhrfh`f.Qms , lmhtmr Oæiz, nfoà`s sigtflm cfs prid`sfs

qui gm dmr`ræg gughf y siræg ic dæs a`rdi ofcufrti pfrf qui prms`kfdms hmg ai y fogikfh`øg ig cfmorf li cf rikigirfh`øg `gticihtufc y dmrfc li istfpftr`f lic sfhrà`h`m y lic nirmäsdm. Isfs prid`sfs, hmd m vuistrfs lmhtr`gfs y p r`g h`p `ms si ighuigtrfg krfoflms ig hflf ugm li guistrms hmrfzmgis y smg gmocis frdfs hmg qui hmdoft`ridmssìdpri hmgtrf cf mpris`øg y ic lispmt`sdm, ic ftrfsm y cf `kgmrfgh`f, qui cms ml`msms t`rfgms ig cfsnmrfs aftäl`hfs lic pfsflm, trftfrmg li `dpcfgtfr

hmdm ic mprmo`m dæs nmrriglm cfgzflm f cf afz licf h`v`c`zfh`øg. X`, iccms ixt`gkuìrmg cms kàrdigis li cf `custrfh`øg y lic sfoir, istir`c`zfrmg cmsdæs gmocis sfhrà`h`ms li cms prmhiris, lirròfrmgic ilà`h`m li cfs `gst`tuh`mgis, v`mcfrmg cfs rikcfsli cf dmrfc pòoc`hf y pr`vflf pfrf qui cf gfh`øg

auirf ug aiulm y igtrfrf ig ic sirv`c`sdm y cf `g`qu`lfl.

Cfs gfh`mgis sulfdir`hfgfs nfg smpmrtflm t`rfgäfs dæs m digms nmrrmrmsfs, hmdm g`öms qui suarìrfg cfs hmgsihuigh`fs li su gfturfc `gixpirìgh`f 5 nfg rih mrr`l m ic lmcmrmsm hfcvf r`m ig ug hfd`-




“ 66; “

gm huoìrtm li sfgkri igtri cfs t`gìocfs li cf `k

gmrfgh`f5 pirm hfälfs iccfs, gflì nf pritigl`lmrinfo`c`tfr cf didmr`f li sus làspmtfs y futøhrftfs y fgtis oìg nf s`lm ixihrflm su rihuirlm pmrsus dæs prihcfrms n`bms.

Guistrm pfäs is cf òg`hf ixhiph`øg li cf rikcf.\fc viz si ighuigtri cf ixpc`hfh`øg li isti aigødigm ig qui gm nf s`lm ic puiocm ic qui nf lirrmhflm f isms t`rfgms, pmrqui ic puiocm nfoäf fhtuflm ig ug fdoìgti igvigigflm hmdm isms mrkfg`sdms sid`-`gmrkæg`hm, s`g v`lf y s`g fcìgtm.

X` ix`stig fòg fckugfs primhupfh`mgis y risfo`ms lic pfsflm ig `gl`v`lums qui ixpcmtfg cf `kgmrfgh`f li cfs hcfsis lic puiocm, hmg cf d`rf ofbf

li cf `gafutfh`øg li sus gmdoris vuckfris, ic puiocm pfrfkufym gm nf foburflm cf ai pmr cfs dæspurfs y cikät`dfs trfl`h`mgis.

Qms, lmhtmr Oæiz, pmlrà`s lih`rcis f fquiccms quims fpilrifg y qui pritiglig moshurihir ic amhm rfl`fgti li cf virlfl, cm qui lihäf lmg Dfguic Zi

lrm li Ziöf f ugm li cms sihufhis li cms t`rfgmshufglm ig ic ixtrfgbirm cm `gsuctfof pmrqui hmdoftäf f àstms2 "s` nfocæ`s oìg li dä ti lidfglfräf, pmrqui tus icmk`ms dfghnfg".

Hmgt`gufl, lmhtmr Oæiz, gmoci dfistrm y fpøstmcli cf còirtfl, igsiöfglm isf lmhtr`gf li virlfl,

cf virlfl qui gm maushf g` hìkf, cf virlfl quidmrfc`zf y qui iluhf hùlflfgms, ic `lifc qui igkrfglihi, cf itirgf bust`h`f y cmkrfri`s ighfd`gfrf cfs kigirfh`mgis qui si civfgtfg p mr lirrmtirm sli cf pfz y lic prmkrism f cf rifc`zfh`øg li suskrfglis list`gms.




“ 66> “

Lic lmhtmr Oæiz

Xiömris 2F ug qu i istf d fgàistfh`øg gm tìgi hfræhtir

' pirsm gfc, g` is su m obi tm igfctihir f g`g kò g hùl flfgm, s`gm qui su a`g is isigh`fcdigti pftr`øt`hm5

hmg tmlm, yf qui ic puiocm f dä si nf l`r`k`lm, liom hmdigzfr pmr lfrci cfs krfh`fs y pmr ixprisfrd` fcikräf pmrqui nfyf s`lm iccf `g`h`flf pmr cfbuvigtul istul`msf, qui, ig guistrm pfäs, is cf quifhuducf dfymr hfgt`lfl li `lifs, y ftismrf dfymrhfgt`lfl li sigt`dìgtms pftr`øt`hms, fhfsm pmrquilisfrrmccf dfymr igirkäf y dfymr hfgt`lfl li kigirmsm igtus`fsdm.

Yg puiocm gm prmkrisf, g` ivmcuh`mgf, s`g nfoirflqu`r`lm ugf hìrtf hfgt`lfl li `lifs, li sfoiry li ixpirìgh`f, qui søcm lf cf iluhfh`øg dmrfc,h`v`c y pmcät`hf, li cf qui prih`sfdigti nf s`lmpr`vflm ic Zfrfkufy pmr sihucfr lispmt`sdm. Ig

tìglm qui istf krfgl`msf d fgàistfh`øg pmp ucfr,li tmlfs cfs hcfsis hmgsirvflmrfs li cf smhìlfl,rispmgli f cf `lif li cf hucturf gfh`mgfc, pmr cflmhtr`gf y pmr ic ibidpcm.

Ic puiocm pfrfkufym gihis`tf sir iluhflm, hmdm cms lidæs puiocms lic duglm h`v`c`zflm. Ic pr`

dir higtrm li iluhfh`øg pòoc`hf is, siömris, cfIshuicf. Fquä is lmgli cf buvigtul igtirf, cf dfsf qui hmgst`tuyi ic amglm d`sdm li cf gfh`øg, rihòi cf `gstruhh`øg pr`dfr`f, cf igsiöfgzf dmrfcy cf igsiöfgzf häv`hf.

Z ir m istf smcf igsiöfgzf is `gsu a`hìgti pfrf




“ 660 “

iluhfr f ug puiocm. Xi nf l`hnm y ripit`lm duhnfs

vihis qui ofstf au g lfr ishuicfs pf rf icivfr suhmgl`h`øg dmrfc y fsikurfrci su oìgistfr ihmgød`hm. Liskrfh`flfdigti, istm gm is hìrtm.

\mlms cms pilfkmkms hmgtidpmrægims, hmdm Xpig-hir y K-uyfu, pmr ibidpcm5 tmlms cms ixpms`tmris licfs hìgh`fs smh`fcis y pmcät`hfs, hmdm Ocugtshnc` yXtufrt D`c`, hmdm Kr`dei y Cìoir, hm`gh`lig igrihmgmhir qui, ig cfs lidmhrfh`fs dmlirgfs, gmnfy còirtfl pmsòci, g` sikur`lfl pmsòci pfrf cfprmpìlfl, s`g ugf ouig f ilu hfh`øg pmcät`h f, cfhufc gm si flquìri ig cfs ishuicfs pmpucfrms, s`gmhmg ic ibi rh`h`m ri ku cfr li cfs `gst`tuh`mgis ri pu oc`hfgfs.

Lms augh`mgis pr`dmrl`fcis tìgi qui lisidpiöfr cf smhìlfl2 `custrfr cf hmghìgh`f y lisfrrmccfr cf pirsmgfc`lfl nudfgf. Cm pr`dirm si hmgs`kui hmg cf `gstruhh`øg ishmcfr y hmg cf làus`øg licfs cuhis pmr tmlms cms ørkf gms hriflms, fc ia iht m.Cm sikuglm si rifc`zf hmg cf præht`hf s`ghirf li cfs

`gst`tuh`mgis còris.Cf smhìlfl gm is mtrf hmsf qui ugf mrkfg`zf

h`øg pfrf ic lisigvmcv`dìgtm li cf pirsmgfc`lflnudfgf. Li fnä qui tmlfs cfs `gst`tuh`mgis smh`fcis y pmcät`hfs lioig rispmglir f cf iluhfh`øg licnmdori.

Cf pr`dirf `gst`tuh`øg hriflf f isti a`g is ickmoìrgm5 y ic kmoìrgm dæs `løgim pfrf iluhfr fug puiocm is ic kmoì rgm cò ri . C ms kmoirgfg tisistæg puis ccfdflms f hudpc`r cf dæs fctf li cfsaugh`mgis smh`fcis, ig ic hudpc`dìgtm li cms a`gisnudfgms,






“ 6?6 “

Cms oærofrms lic `gtir`mr smg cms dfgkmgiflm-

ris pmcät`hms qui, afctms li cikät`dms `lifcis, oushfg su dilrm pirsmgfc ig cf pmsis`øg lic pmlir yli cf amrtugf pòoc`hf. Zfrf ic cmkrm li ug a`gtfg dizqu`gm, frdfg ic orfzm lic ofgl`lm, `gluctfg f cms hr`d`gfcis y hmrrmdpig f cfs dfsfs hmgl`girm y oio`lfs fchmnø c`hfs, hmdm- pu ili virsi istm hflf viz qui si iaihtòf ugf icihh`øg li riprisigtfgtis.

Xi nf l`hnm qui cf ofsi li cfs `gst`tuh`mgis ripuoc`hfgfs is ic còri suarfk`m5 pirm gm nfy vmtmpmsòci lmgli ic puiocm gm istæ iluhflm, lmgli gmix`sti d`c`h`f hùlflfgf, lmgli ic d`c`tfr gm hmgmhi cms lioiris häv`hms y ic virlflirm sigt`dìgtm

lic pftr`mt`sdm.Cf `gst`tuh`øg dug`h`pfc iluhf f cms hùlflf

gms, nfo`c`tæglmcms p frf cf- l`ri hh`øg li cms gi kmh`ms pòoc`hms. Dfgibfglm cms `gtirisis li cf hmdugf, ic hùlflfgm flquìri hfpfh`lfl pmcät`hf ysìgti lispirtfrsi ig su fcdf cms dæs gmocis sigt`

dìgtms. Ig ic dug`h`p`m ris`li cf auirzf li cmspuiocms còris5 àc is cf hugf y ic nmkfr lic hùlflfgm, is cf `dfkig li cf pftr`f fdflf. Yg pfäspiquiöm, hmdm ic guistrm, lioìrf istfr l`v`l`lmig dug`h`p`ms futøgmdms, m sif, hmg kmoìrgm prmp`m, còridigti icik`lm, pfrf lfr fc puiocm ic sig

t`lm pmcät`hm li qui hfrihi, pmr hfusf lic lispmt`sdm, y pmr cms ishæglfcms li cms kmoìrgms pirsmgfcis qui si fctirgfg ig ic pmlir.

Cfs `gst`tuh`mgis pigfcis lioig `kufcdigti tiglir fc dibmrfdìgtm dmrfc li cf duct`tul. Cfs hærhicis, igtri gmsmtrms, smg higtrms li cf dfymr `g-




“ Ä?? “

dmrfc`lfl. Iccfs lioig sirv`r, gm smcfdigti pfrf

cf sikur`lfl li cms lic`ghuigtis, s`gm pfrf cf iluhfh`øg li cms d`sdms. Fsä cm ix`ki cf hucturf dmlirgf, li fhuirlm hmg cms pr`gh`p`ms li cf hìgh`fsmh`fc, cf hufc prmhcfdf qui, gm sìglm cms a`gis licnmdori s`gm a`gis li hucturf, tmlfs cfs `gst`tuh`mgis lioig rispmglir f iccms, is lih`r, fc lisigvmc

v`dìgtm li cf pirsmgfc`lfl nudfgf.Ic Zfrcfdigtm y cf prigsf smg tfg `gl`spigsfocis f isti prmpøs`tm, qui s`g iccms cf mp`g`øg ¡pòoc`hf siräf lishmgmh`lf. Ic Zfrcfdigtm y cf prigsf,`custrfg cms fsugtms qui `gtirisfg fc pfäs, ugàmrdfg cfs `lifs y cms sigt`dìgtms lic puiocm y smgcms higt`gicfs li cf còirtfl, fgugh`fglm f krfglis vmhis cms ftigtflms lic pmlir, hmdm fgugh`fofg ig cf Ilfl Dil`f cfs hfdpfgfs li cf fclif,tmhflfs f rioftm, cf `gd`gigh`f li ug pic`krm pòoc`hm.

X` cfs smhìlflis li oigia`high`f iluhfg, lispirtfglm sigt`dìgtms li nudfg`lfl ig cms `gl`

v`lums5 tfdo`àg cfs `gst`tuh`mgis ihmgød`hfs lioig hmgsp`rfr fc d`sdm a`g. Iccfs gm lioig prmpmgirsi f hrifr cf r`quizf , ixhcus`vfd igti, s`gm flispirtfr ic fdmr fc trfofbm y f cf smhìlfl, pmrugf bustf l`stròuh`øg li cfs kfgfgh`fs igtri cmsidprisfr`ms y cms morirms5 pmrqui gflf lisdmrfc`

zf tfgtm f cfs dfsfs, hmdm cf dizqu`gf ridugirfh`øg lic trfofbm. Ic fkr`huctmr qui vi qui su hmsihnf oigia`h`f f mtrms, y gm f su afd`c`f5 ic morirm qui hmgs`li rf qui v`v `ræ sìd pri ishcfvm li supftrøg, pìrlig ic fdmr f cf smhìlfl y prmgtm sihmgvìrtig ig igid`kms li iccf. Cf bust`h`f lioi




“ 6?8 “

vig`r cm d`sdm lic pmlir qui cf fld`g`strf, qui

li cfs hcfsis l`r`kigtis li cf smhìlfl.Igtìglm qui gm ofstf lidmstrfr cf gihis`lfl

li cf iluhfh`øg5 is `gl`spigsfoci nfhir ormtfr lichmrfzøg lic puiocm ic lisim li iluhfrsi. F isti a`g`dpmrtf hmgmhir cfs vigtfbfs li cf iluhfh`øg, `kufcqui cfs liskrfh`fs y cms `gam rtu g`ms hmgs`ku ìgtis

f cf afctf li iluhfh`øg.D` prmpfkfglf, siömris, si `gsp`rf ig istf `lif.

Is gihisfr`m hmgmhir guistrm pfsflm y rihmgmhirqui ic puiocm pfrfkufym bfdæs nf s`lm iluhflm igg`gkugf amrdf, y qui pmr ic hmgtrfr`m nf s`lm ofrofr`zflm pmr sihucfr lispmt`sdm, y lisdmrfc`zflm

lispuàs pmr cms ishæglfcms li cms kmoìrgms pirsmgfcis .

Nfy qui hmdpfrfr ic ràk`dig lic lispmt`sdmhmg ic ràk`dig li cf còirtfl, pfrf v`tupirfr ic pr`dirm y icmk`fr ic sikuglm, pfrf fomrrihir ic ugm yfdfr ic mtrm.

Hrim nfoir lidmstrflm qui cf t`rfgäf nf pirvirt`lm ic sigt`lm dmrfc lic puiocm, y ci nf pr`vflm li tmlf hucturf y li tml m pr mkri sm v irl fli rm.Cf t`rfgäf nf sfhflm f cf smhìlfl pfr fku fyflic hfdpm li cf h`v`c`zfh`øg, libæglmcf hfir ig cfofrofrì.

Nmy ic puiocm fsp`rf f sir h`v`c`zflm pmr cf iluhfh`øg, y aic`zd igti isti lisim si d fgàìstf ig tm lms cms hmrfzmgis, si ixprisf pmr tmlms cms cfo`ms,si pril`hf pm r tmlm s cms ørkfg ms lic pig sfd ìgtm,qui fc a`g vìgi f dfgàistfrsi ig istf ixpcms`øgsuoc`di lic pftr`mt`sdm, li `gl`kgfh`øg hmgtrf cfs




“ 6?< “

idorutihilmrfs t`rfgäfs, li fdmr f cf bust`h`f y

cf còirtfl.Gm nfy lulf qui ic puiocm pfrfkufym si rikigirfræ pmr cf sfculfoci `gacuigh`f li cf `gstruhh`øg y li cf præht`hf cifc li cfs `gst`tuh`mgis ripuoc`hfgfs, pmrqui nf foìrtm yf sus mbms f cf cuz,su hmghìgh`f fc sigt`dìgtm li cf pirsmgfc`lfl, suhmrfzøg f cms lic`hflms `gst`gtms li cf nudfg`lfl.

Is lioir guistrm pirsivirfr ig istms prmpøs`tms,gm sif qui, pmr ic fofglmgm m cf `girh`f, si dfcmkrig guistrms isauirzms y vmcvfdms f hfir ofbm icràk`dig li igirvflmrfs l`htflurfs qui pirpitòigic ftrfsm lic puiocm.

F istms a`gis rispmglig ispih`fcdigti cms pfrt`

lms pmcät`hms, qui, fc d`sdm tìdpm qui `dpr`digdmv`dìgtm f cf smhìlfl, s`rvig li arigm f cfs pmsòcis lidfsäfs lic pmlir. Cfs `gst`tuh`mgis còrisgm suos`stig g` prmspirfg s`gm f hmgl`h`øg lic ibirh`h`m hmgstfgti y fh t`vm li cms lirihnms häv`hm s. Cflidmhrfh`f is ug kmoìrgm li cfomr y li sfhrà`

h`ms li pf rti li tmlm s cms h ùlfl fgms, puis ic kmoìrgm lidmhræt`hm gm is tfgtm ic augh`mgfdìgtmli cms pmliris lic Istflm, s`gm pr`gh`pfcdigti cffhh`øg pirdfgigti li cms hùlflfgms. Cfs `gst`tuh`mgis còris riquìrig, puis, cf fhh`øg hmgstfgti,fsä pfrf riari gf r y rik ucf r cf hm gl uh tf li cms km

oirgf gtis, hmd m pf rf fhmstud orfr fc puiocm fcibirh`h`m li cms lioiris häv`hms.Cfs fkrupfh`mgis pmcät`hfs lic Zfrfkufy fc`dig

tfg istms prm pø s`tms y fsp `rfg f rif c`zfr ic l̀ifclid mhræ t`hm, g m nfy qui lu lf rcm. G m d i tmhf igisti d md igtm nfhir su fp mcm käf , p irm is bustm ri-




“ 6?1 “

imrlfr sìdpri cms isauirzms -lic pftr`mt`sdm, ig

hfd`gflms f iluhfr fc puiocm ig cf ishuicf li cfcòirtfl.

Ic hmdirh`m, qui riprisigtf ig ugf lidmhrfh`fcms `gtirisis ihmgød`hms li cf gfh`øg, gm is fbigmf cms fgnicms lic pftr`mt`sdm. Cms `gtirisis ihmgød`hms rihcfdfg `kufcdigti ic rispitm f cf prmpì

lfl y cf còirtfl li cfs trfgsfhh`mgis dirhfgt`cis,fdigfzflf nmy pmr cfs timräfs li fgtföm, qui si`gsp`rfg ig ic s`stidf lic lispmt`sdm.

D` òct`df pfcforf siræ, siömris, cf ug`øg li tmlfs cfs vmcugtflis, cf hmgh`c`fh`øg li tmlms cms `gtirisis y cf hmdug`hfh`øg li tmlfs cfs `lifs, pfrfpmgirgms fc for`km li cms oærofrms lic `gtir`mr qui

fdigfzfg nugl`r li guivm f cf pftr`f ig ic `gamrtug`m y cf `kgmd`g`f.

Ic lmhtmr C`t`s F. O@F_\ qui hmdm istul`fgti f cf sfzøgmarih`ø istf lidmstrfh`øg, nf lisidpiöflm pmstir`mrdigti`dpmrtfgtis y icivflfs augh`mgis ig cf ug`virs`lfl y ickmoìrgm, nfstf ic hfrkm li Zr`dir Dfk`strflm li cf Gfh`øg. Nmy is D`g`strm li Kuirrf y Dfr`gf.







C F \ @ _ F G Ä F L I X M C F G M C M Z I R

X Y F X Z I H \ M H M D I _ H @ F C

@

Nidms lidmstrflm qui cf afd`c`f Cøpiz“pmori,ig ug pr`g h`p`m , sikòg nfocfg cms lmhudigtms“ si

igr`quih`ø ig ic kmoìrgm, yf l`strfyiglm cms amglms lic tismrm pòoc`hm, yf ixpcmtfglm cms yirofcis,dmgtis y istfgh`fs lic Istflm, yf fpmliræglmsili cms oìgis li cms pfrt`hucfris, f cms hufcis frru`gfof.

Xmcfgm Cøpiz, ic \mrpi, igsmoiroih`lm pmr ig

hmgtrfrsi f cf hfoizf li ug puiocm v`kmrmsm y sud`sm, pirm afctm li tmlm sigt`lm dmrfc y li h`v`sdm, pmr hfusf li cf ilu hfh`øg bisu ät`hf, li cf `k gmrfgh`f y lic dæs orutfc lispmt`sdm, ishfcø icpmlir hmg ic li h`l `lm p rm pø s`tm li p rm vm hf r cf ku irrf hmg ic O rfs `c, hmd m fsä cm n`zm, ig ia ih tm .

Xu tmrpizf irf tfc qui fc ritfr fc @d pir `m f cfhmcmsfc hmgtìglf, prmvmhø `kufcdigti f cf _ipòoc`hf Fr kig t`gf, pm r hu yf h`rhugstfgh`f si am rd øcf \r`pci Fc`fgzf.

Q`àglmsi pirl`lm, Xmcfgm Cøpiz pigsø gfturfcdigti ig prip frfr cm gihisfr`m pf rf lispuàs li cfaukf.




“ 6?> “

Arfkuø cf supuistf hmgsp`rfh`øg li cms gmtfocis5

hmdprmdit`ø ig iccf f tmlms cms ixtrfgbirms li cfFsugh`øg qui pmsiäfg fckugf amrtugf5 cms n`zm aus`cfr f tmlms, lispuàs li nmrròcis suar`dìgtms, ysi fpmlirø li sus oìgis, sikòg cfs lihcfrfh`mgishmgtistis y ugàmrdis li tmlms cms qui auirmg fhtmris y tist`kms li fquiccf hfcfd`lfl gfh`mgfc.

Lihcfrfg Bufg Bmsà Fcmgsm, @s`lrm Fyfcf, Zfrm-l`, Fku`rri, Oigätiz, ith. , qui Ic`sf C`gin, cf quir`lf lic t`rfgm, gikmh`fof hmg cms huirms y cf yirof-d fti, nfh ìg lm a`rd fr f. cms hmcihtmris rihòmsli igtrflfs li l`girm gm iaihtuflfs.

D uhnms hfbmg is li l`girm aui rmg idofrhflms fcf mrlig li cf C `g hn , ig 6>11 ig N ud f`tæ ig cf

hfömgirf `tfc`fgf Frluf5 mt rm s hf bmg is li l`girmy fcnf bfs frrioftflfs f cfs af d `c`fs pfrfkufyfsaui rm g id ofrhflms ig 6>1> ig F g km stu rf , ig cfshfömgirfs Làh`lài, arfghi sf, y Qicmhi, `tfc`fgf.

L m g Æ g ki c Oig ätiz, hfp`tæg lic pui rtm li cfàpmhf, lioi tigir gmt`h`f li istms idofrhms, hmdm

riaìr i ic hmrmgi c \ nm d psm g ig su n`stmr`f li cfkuirrf lic Zfrfkufy.

Ic d`g`strm gmrtifdir`hfgm kigirfc Dfh-Dfnmµauà , ig Z`ròiouy, ic pmrtflmr li cf òct`df kruisfridisf li l`girm hmgs`kgflf f cf mrlig li cf C`ghcÌ c l`girm igtrikflm f D fh-D fn mg si hm gt ø mgzf

pmr mgzf y Hf rcms hufrtm p mr Hf rcms hu frtm. I c quihmgtø ic l`girm v`vi tmlfväf ig ic Zfrfkufy. Istf mpir fh `øg li hmg tfr ($ 0::.::: ig mgzfs li mrmy pftfhmgis) si n`zm läfs y gmhnis ig ugf ma`h`gfs`tuflf fc cflm li cf bi af tu rf pm cät` hf f hfrkm licvitirfgm lmg D fguic Xmcfc`gl à, ig Z`ròiouy. 6$






“ 68: “

d uhnms fö ms. ¡ @rr`s`øg li cf liskrfh`f li u g pu i

o c m "P ic hmrmgic Higtur`øg, a`shfc kigirfc lic Istflm ig 6>>9, lihäf ig mtrm l`htfdig cm s`kuìgti2

' ' I g cms dmd igtms dæs hruicis li cf k u i r r f . . .½ qu`àg si nuo ìrf `d fk`gf lm qui ic Bi ai lic Istflm nuoìsi istflm trfa`hfglm, hmg cms oìgis lic Istflm,' rikfcfglm f su hmdpföirf krfgicis zmgfs icitìrrfs. . . dìgtrfs qui dfrt`r`zfof ig oærofrmstmrd igtms f cms hùlflfgm s dæs hmgs p`hum s nfstfhfusfrcis ugf duirti nmrròci, lispmbæglmcis lisus oìgis, y igv`fglm f sus afd`c`fs fc listìrrm,ig cfs armgtirfs li cf _ipòoc`hf, lmgli ig su dfymr pfrti nfg pirih`lm li nfdori y li d`sir`fs."

Dflfdf C`ghn, lispuàs li cf kuirrf, vmcv`ø fZfräs , li lmgli auà ixtrfälf pmr Xmcfgm Cøpiz.Hmdprø ugf vfc`msf hfsf s`tuflf ig cf hfcci _`vm-c ä , lmgli si igtrikø fc cubm y f cf kfcfgtiräf. Q`s`tø Birusfcàg hmdm frripigt`lf, y pfsø pmr fnähmdm tris föms. F su rikrism f Zfräs, ighmgtrø qui

sus oìgis istfofg tmlms idofrkflms, y cuikm dur`ø ig cf d`sir`f y fofglmgflf li cms suyms. CfDug`h`pfc`lfl li Zfräs hmstiø su igtìrrm.

Fsä fhfoø fquiccf dubir vuckfr, qui tfgtm hmgtròuyø pfrf cfs liskrfh`fs lic puiocm pfrfkufymy ' qui d fglø aus`cf r p mr hicms f cf ni rmägf li su

nmgmr Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f.Ig Xfg Istfg`scfm, ic Dfr`shfc-Zris`ligti Xmcfgm Cøpiz, qui òf ig aukf prih`p`tflf, dfgløaus`cfr f dæs li h`ghuigtf nmdoris li su ishmctf,`ghcusm ic hmdfglfgti Dmgkicøs.

Zmr fquiccms läfs hmrr`ø ig Pnò cf virs`øg li




“ ` æ ` “

nfoir duirtm ic t`rfgm. Nuom hmg tfc dmt`vm ugf

krfg fcikräf li pfrti li cf pmocfh`øg y nfstf siiaihtuø ug ofglirf-yirà pmr tfg afustm suh ism 5 pi rm Cøpiz fòg gm nfoäf duirtm, y si pusm aur`msm,hmdm li hmstudori, hufglm rihò`ø cf gmt`h`f li cffckfzfrf pmpucfr. Hfs` tmlfs cfs afd`c`fs listirrflfs, qui fccä si ighmgtrfofg, auirmg cfghiflfs pmrg`öms li 66 ø 6? föms, qui, pmr hfrihir li auirzfsua`hìgti, tigäfg qui lfr nfstf mhnm y lìz cfgzfzms, pfrf ixp`rfr, f hflf ugf li cfs väht`dfs.

Igtri cms ishfsms smoriv`vìgtis li fquiccf nmrrmrmsf nihftmdoi, qui nfg riair`lm ic huigtm, isli gmd orfrsi f lmöf \ mdfsf K mlm y li A rf g hm quisfcvø cf v`lf pmr ugf hfsufc`lfl.

Li Xfg Istfg`scfm fvfgzø pfrf ic gmrti ic d`cvihis t`rfgm lic Zfrfkufy. Lispuàs li àc sikuäfgcfs hfrritfs, ofbm ic hmdfglm lic d`g`strm Hfd`gms. Isms pisflms vin ähucms“ ig gòd irm li 1::,dæs m digms“ccivfofg duhnms tismrms prmvigìgtis li hmga`shfh`mgis y lispmbms, y smori tmlm mobi

tms pirtigihìgtis f cf C`ghn.Cøpiz nfoäfsi fcibflm li cfs hfrritfs, hufglm si

fhmrlø li fckm `dpmrtfgti qui nfoäf igtri cms ouctms li pfp ic-d mgi lf. @gd il`ftfd igti lispfhnø fug id`sfr`m pf rf ri trmhil ir fc ighuig trm li H fd`gms, f quìg igtrikø ugf gmtf. Ig iccf ci lihäf

ic Dfr`shfc-Zris`ligti qui, igtri cms hfbmgis li o`ccitis li cf tismriräf, nfoäf ugm qui hmgtigäf >:d`c pftfhmgis, ig mrm y pcf tf. Vu i istf hfg t`lflirf li cf prmpìlfl li cf siömrf Ic`sf F. C`ghn,y ci mrligfof, ig hmgsihuigh`f, qui fgmtfrf ig cmscòrms hmdm lipms`tflf pmr cf d`sdf.




68? “

_ihò`r ugf mrlig li Cøpiz y ibihutfrcf ig si

ku`lf, irf tmlm ugm. Hfd`gms ccfdø cuikm f sufyulfgti lmg Ægkic Oigätiz y ci mrligø auirf fhud pc`rcf. Lispuàs li ugf orivi `gvist`kfh`øg,Oigätiz trmpizø hmg ic hfbøg fcul`lm. Cm lishcfvøy v`m qui ig àc nfoäf vfr`ms cäms, hflf ugm li cmshufcis ccivfof isti røtucm2 l`girm hmga`shflm fc rim

trf`lmr G. G. $` Mn hfs uf c`lf l I g ug m li istms cäms fpfrihäfistf `gshr`ph`øg2 l`girm hmga`shflm fc rim trf`lmrKudirs`glm Oigätiz, ic ix d `g`strm li _icfh`mgisIxtir`mris sfhrà `hflm ig Xfg Airgfglm, ic prmp`mnirdfgm li lmg Ægkic

“¡Hødm,“ixhcfdfof ic rik`strflmr lic hf bøg“

hødm is pmsòci qui istms lispmbms pirtigizhfg fdflfdf C `ghn

P vmcvìglm f hirrfr ic hfbøg, auà f hmgtfr cmmhurr`lm f Hfd`gms, l`h`àglmci qui gm nfoäf lflmhudpc`dìgtm f cf mrlig li Cøpiz, pmr cf h`rhugstfgh`f qui quilf riair`lf.

Hfd`gms si pusm pæc`lm hmdm cf duirti. "½Gmripfrfs, Ægkic,-ci l`hi, qxì s` istm, qui di huigtfs,cm sfoi ic Dfr`shfc, tò y ym siräfdms istrfgkucflms= Qi, Ægkic, y hudpci cf mrlig, quìrfs m gmqu ìrfs " .

_ih`àg igtmghis hmd prigl`ø lmg Æ g ki c qui nf

oäf hmdit`lm ugf krfvi `dpruligh`f5 y a u i s i lirihnm f cfs hfrritfs f rmtucfr cms tismrms rmoflmsf cms pfrt`hucfris hmg ic gmdori li cf C`ghn.

\mlms fquiccms hufgt`msms tismrms lic Zfrfkufy,`ghcusms cfs bmyfs li cfs afd`c`fs y cms mobitms lipcftf y mrm li cfs `kcis`fs, cms hmgsudìrmg ig Ou-




“ 6 > > “

rmpf cf C`ghn y sus n`bms, ig l`s`pfh`mgis y hfcf-

virflfs ig ic orivi ispfh`m li qu`ghi föms. Fpurflf li l`girm cf C`ghn, vmcv`ø f Ouigms

F`ris ig 6>>9, y ig aihnf 8 li aiorirm, hmg cf vi-

g`f dfr`tfc (li Vuftriafkis) prishr`tf pmr liri-

hnm, vigl`ø f lmg Ogr`qииi X. Cøpiz cfs 8.6:9 ci-

kufs li t ` i r r f s

Ig siku`lf cms Cøpiz si v`gìrmg fc Zfrfkufy f `gtigtfr ic sfocfzm. G m vìglm dmlm li lfrcm hmg àx`tm, hil`ø sus lirihnms y fhh`mgis f lmg A r f g -

h`shm Hmrlirm, pfrf qui àsti, ig su hfc`lfl li fr-

kigt`gm, fdigfzfrf fc Zfrfkufy hmg ugf rihcfdf-

h`øg l`pcmdæt`hf. Zirm ic pris`ligti Ishmofr si dmstrø igàrk`hm

fgti cf tidirfr`f rihcfdfh`øg. I c kigirfc Ishmofr sfoidms qui lih äf 2 Zuilig vig`rgms igh`df tmlms cms mrlirms nfo`lms2 d` kmoìrgm cuhnfræ hmgtrf-

tmlf cf dfbflf. Arfhfsflf cf idprisf, cms Cøpiz vmcvìrmg fc

Zfrfkufy f oushfr ic hfcmr lic pftr`m nmkfr, lis-

puàs li nfoir hmgsud`lm istòp`lfdigti, ig Zfräs y Cmglris, tmlms cms tismrms lic Zfrfkufy . P fnm-

rf, qui cf pmcät`hf kuoirgft`vf cis or`glf hìrtfs af -

h`c`lflis, `gtigtfg v`gl`hfr cf didmr`f lic dmgs-

trumsm t`rfgm y cf li su hmdpföirf cf C`ghn. Istf idprisf gm is ic hudpc`dìgtm li ug lioir

a`c`fc, hmdm quìrig fckugms. Is s`dpcidigti ugf idprisf dirhfgt`c , li cuhrm, ig huym àx`tm a äfg cms n`bms li cf C`ghn, flucfglm f cms pmlirmsms.

F prmpøs`tm li cms rmoms y hrädigis hmdit`lms pfrf igr`quihir f cf C`ghn, càfgsi cfs fa`rdfh`m-

gis li cms tist `kms 2




“ 6 Ä < “

L`hi \nmdpsmg2

"\mlf cf bmyiräf auà rihmcihtflf, y cms buihisli pfz `gv`tfrmg f tmlms s`g ixhiph`øg y nfstf fcms rihfch`trfgtis, f marihir tmlfs cfs bmyfs f Cøpiz, lipmg`àglmcfs ig sus dfgms, pfrf hmgtròu`rf cms kfstms li cf kuirrf. C f mrlig auà `gdil`ftfdigti hudpc`lf, y lispuàs li riug`lfs cfs bmyfs,

gm vm cv`ø f nfocfrsi gf lf li iccfs, g` gflì siftriv`ø f prikugtfr pmr su pfrflirm. \mlfs istfsbmyfs rmoflfs pmr Cøpiz auirmg, sikòg pfrihi,idofrhflfs ig ouquis li kuirrf li cfs gfh`mgisix t rfg birfs " .

Ig cf ixpms`h`øg qui l`r`k`ø fc hmgli l'Iu, ig?8 li d frzm 6>;:, l `h i ' ic hmrmgic lmg X`cvistriFvi`rm cm s`kuìgti2

"Dflfdf C`gin nf hmgtr òu`lm duhnm pfrf cfliskrfh`f li duhnms. Cfs vihis qui iccf òf f cfhfp`tfc, lispuàs li rikrisfr, hfäfg duhnms. @gtirisflf nfstf ic ixtridm, iccf nf smpcflm fc puiocm icfsugtm li cfs fcnfbfs, li cf ispflf, lic t`gtirm, ith.,

nfhìglm nfstf ic ishæglfcm li hmdprfr tìrrfs yhfsfs pmr o`ccitis".

Ic d`g`strm fdir`hfgm Dr. "[fsnourg lihäf igcf ' 6 \r òu gf ' ' li Guivf P m r e 2

" D r s . C`gin gm pirl`ø mhfs`øg li ihnfr dfgmf tmlm mobitm li vfcmr ix`stigti ig ic \ismrm y ig

cms sfgtufr`ms lic pfäs" .Ygm li cms idofrquis li l`girm ig cms ouquis

ixtrfgbirms si n`zm f gmdori lic lmhtmr lmg Ku`ccirdm Xtiwfrt. Cf C`gin ci ix`k`ø qui ci lìrf ficcf ug rihòm. Ic lmhtmr gm pmläf gikfrcm, s`g ixpmgirsi f pirlir cf v`lf.




“ 6 8 9 “

Ic Kmoìrgm Zrmv`smr`m li cf _ipòoc`hf, ig < li

dfym li 6>;:, lihritø cf fgucfh`øg li cfs hmdprfsli cf C`ghn. Fckugfs li sus pfcforfs l`hig fsä2" . . . X i nf pritigl`lm lispm bfr f cf gfh `øg li

vfc`msäs`dms oìgis, hmg pritixtms afcsms, r`lähucmsi `g vi rm säd `ci s.. . isfs ishr`turfs pmg ìgl m f d flfdf C `g hn hmdm luiöf li vfc`msäs`dfs zmgfs li ctirr`tmr`m gfh`mg fc si n `hìr mg p mr ic d fgl ftmlisfutmr`zflm lic t ` r f g m . . . quiräf l isp mbfr fcpuiocm pfrfkufym li tmlf su amrtugf pfrf rikfcfrcf f cf C`ghn. . . Fquiccms fhtms li vfglfc`sdmgm lioig quilfr suos`stigtis pfrf qui surtfg susfomd`gfocis hmgsihuigh`fs. . . Cf amrtugf pòoc`hfy pr`vflf li cms ristms li cf gfh`øg pfrfkufyf gm

lioi sir ic omtäg li kuirrf li cf C`ghn, f cf afzli ug puio cm qu i hm gtr òu yø f sud irk`r ig ic fo`sdm li cms dæs tridiglms `gamrtug`ms" .

Hih`c`m OÆIR.









- r 68> “

fsikurf cf pfz pmrqui `gsp`rf ic tidmr li cf kui

r r f " , lihäf Nirrirf nfhìglm suyfs cfs pfcforfsli ug hmgmh`lm `gtirgfh`mgfc`stf.Istfs `lifs auàrmgci sukir`lfs f Cøpiz pmr ic

Lr. Mhtfv`m Cfp`lm, d`g`strm ris`ligti lic Istflm Mrìgtfc ig cf Fsugh`øg, li buc`m f l`hìdorili 6>18. F a`gis li fkmstm ic pcig`pmtigh`fr`m urukufym prisigtø fc kmoìrgm pfrfkufym cfs ofsis liugf igtigti igtri fdoms pfäsis, cf dæs isigh`fc licfs hufcis si riairäf 3 £ f cf `glipigligh`f i `gtikr`lfl tirr`tmr`fc qui fdoms hmgtrftfgtis si hmdprmditäfg f liaiglir y smstigir hmdm hmgl`h`øg li

iqu`còr`m, li sikur`lfl y li pfz ig istfs rik`mgis". (G mtf li Ni rrirf f Cf p`l m, li fkmstm 86 ) .

Cf pr`dirf fa`rdfh`øg ma`h`fc li istf lmhtr`gfcf ighmgtrfdms ig cf gmtf pfrfkufyf lic 1 li siptìdori li 6>18, qui hmgtìgi ug pil`lm li ixpc`hfh`mgis fc kmoìrgm frkigt`gm pmr su `gtirvigh`ø g ig¡ cf cuhnf h`v`c li cf _ ip òo c`h f Mrìg tfc. Igl`hnm lmhudigtm si istfocihi qui "cf ix`stigh`f

pmYt`hf l i cf _ipòoc`hf Mrìgtfc lic Yrukufy ishmgl`h`øg li iqu`còr`m y li cf pfz qui prmtiki cms`gtirisis li tmlms ig ic _äm li cf Zcftf" . Zmstir`mrdigti, ig ic dis li gmvìdori, ic pris`ligtiCøpiz l`r`k`ø ugf h`rhucfr fc huirpm l`pcmdæt`hmli cf Fsugh`øg, huym pr`dir pærrfam rizf hmdm s`

kui 2 "Ic kmoìrgm lic Zfrfkufy hmgs`lirf cf `glipigligh`f piraihtf y fosmcutf l ic Istflm Mrìgtfcugf hmgl`h`øg lic iqu`còr`m pmcät`hm mci istms pfäsis".Istf lihcfrfh`øg li pmcät`hf `gtirgfh`mgfc gm irfs`gm trfluhh`øg aìc li cf `lif lic hfgh`ccir Nirrirf.

Nfstf igtmghis ic `dpir`m lic Orfs`c si nfoäf




“ 680 “ `

fostig`lm li tmlf `gkirigh`f l`rihtf ig ic hmgac`h

tm li cf Ofglf Mrìgtfc. Dfs suhil`ø ig cms pr`dirms disis lic föm 6>1< qui igtri cms pmocflmris orfs`ciöms li cfs armgtirfs urukufyfs si civfgtfrf ugf kr`tf kigirfc hmgtrf cms `gful`tms hrädigis, vibædigis y liprilfh`mgis li qui irfg v äht`dfs, iccms y sus hmdpftr`mtfs ris`ligtis ig tirr`tmr`m mrìgtfc, pmr pfrti li cfs futmr`lflis li istipfäs. Cms fsis`gftms y sfquims si suhiläfg hmg arihuigh`f ftirrflmrf ofbm cf smdorf li cf dæs fosmcutf `d pu g`l fl. C ms hùlflfgms orfs`ciöms " g mtigäfg ig cf _ip`òc`hf kfrfgtäf g`gkugf g` pfrfsus pirsmgfs g` pfrf sus oìgis", sikòg fsä cm rihmgmhi ic n`stmr`flmr urukufym Mgitm y Q`fggf.

Istf s`tufh`øg si fkrfvø nfstf ic ixtridm lurfgti cf rivmcuh`øg lic kigirfc Zcmris, hful`ccm licpfrt`lm hmcmrflm, prmvmhfglm ugæg`di prmtistf igtmlm ic Orfs`c. Cf tidpistfl ccikø f ripirhut`r igic Zfrcfdigtm l i _äm li Bfg i`rm , lmgl i ic kig irfcGittm, Z`digtf, Ouigm, Giss`, Zirri`rf Qi`kf y

mtrms piläfg hmg vòrfgtis pfcforfs ugf igàrk`hf`gtirvigh`øg pfrf pmgir a`g f tfgtms y tfg krfvis lisdfgis. X` ic kfo`giti `dpir`fc si nuoìrfris`st`lm fc hcfdmr ug`virsfc, tmlf cf prmv`gh`f li_äm li Bfgi`rm si nuoìrf civfgtflm ig frdfs ofbm ic dfglm li Gi ttm, cm qui nuo ìrf `d pm rtfl m su

pàrl`lf lia`g`t`vf pfrf cf hmgailirfh`øg orfs`ciöf."Cf d`s`øg li 6>1<, ishròi Fcamgsm Hicsm, ix

prisfof ic vmtm li cf ugfg `d`lfl g f h` mg f c" . " C fd`s`øg ispih`fc gm auà licòirflf ig cms hmgsibmsli kmoì rgm 5 rismcv`øcf cf g fh`øg pm r su vm tm smoirfgm". _ia`àrisi f cf d`s`øg lic hmgsibirm Xfrf`-




- 6<: “

vf, ig bug`m li 6>1<, huyfs `gstruhh`mgis gm si ri

luhäfg, hmdm prisudi "Kufrfgä" , f kist `mgfr cfsft`safhh`øg li rihcfdfh`mgis pihug`fr`fs prisigtflfs pmr suol`tms orfs`ciöms, s`gm, fgti tmlm, f motigir ic lio`lm hfst`km, s` gm li tmlms, fc digms licms pr`g h`pfcis hr`d`gfcis qui ix`stäfg `dpugis,mhupfglm fckugms li iccms puistms ig ic ibàrh`tmmrìgtfc m ibirhìglm hfrkms h`v`cis lic Istflm,"cf `gdil`ftf list`tuh`øg y rispmgsfo`c`zfh`øg licms fkigtis li pmc`häf qui nfoäfg fousflm li cf futmr`lfl li qui si nfccfofg `gvist`lms", "cf còirfh`øg li tmlms cms orfs`ciöms qui nuoìsig s`lm hmgstriö`lms fc sirv`h`m li cfs frdfs", "ic trftfdìgtmliairigti li cms fkigtis hmgsucfris orfs`ciöms ri

s`ligtis ig cf _ipòoc`hf", ith. (@gstruhh`mgis liXfrf`vf) .

Istfs rihcfdfh`mgis auirmg icivflfs f cf hfgh`cciräf mrìgtfc pmr ic d`g`strm Xfrf`vf ig gmtf lic 6>li bug`m, sìglm rihnfzflfs `g tmtud pmr ic lmhtmrNirrirf, quìg hriäf vir ig ic igv`flm orfs`ciöm

ug fc`flm lic rioicli Zcmris, s`g qui àsti cmkrfrfhmgvighirci, f lispihnm li tmlms sus isauirzms, liqui "ic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc gm tigäf g`gkugf mtrffsp`rfh`øg ig ic Istflm Mrìgtfc qui cf li vir kfrfgt`lfs cf v`lf, cf nmgrf y cf prmpìlfl li sus hmghùlflfgms", sikòg pfcforfs lic d `sdm hfgh`ccir

`dpir`fc l`r`k`lfs fc d`g`strm Xfrf`vf ig su ma`h`mhmga`ligh`fc lic ; li bug`m.Cfs gikmh`fh`mgis arfhfsfrmg fgti cf hìkf `g

trfgs `kig h`f lic kmoìrg m li D mg tiv `lim y a`gfcdigti Xfrf`vf tuvm qui rihurr`r f cf prisigtfh`øgli ug uct`dætud, ai hn flm ic < li fkmstm, ig ic hufc




“ 6<6 “

ic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc fdigfzfof prmhilir f ripri

sfc`fs s` ligtrm li si`s läfs gm auirf lflm hudpc`dìgtm f cms bustms rihcfdms lic Orfs`c. Cf hfgh`cciräf mrìgtfc livmcv`ø ic uct`dætud hmga`fl f ig icfpmym lic kmoìrgm pfrfkufym, hirhf lic hufc nfoäfvig`lm rifc`zfglm fht`vfs kist`mgis pfrf ugf fc`fgzf liaigs`vf y maigs`vf hmgtrf ic `dpir`m. Cms d`g`strms uru ku fym s Q æzq ui z Xfkfstud i -y Hfrrirfs

cmkrfrmg `ghuchfr f Cøpiz cf irrøgif hriigh`f liqui ic Orf s`c priti glìr f fgix`mgfrsi ic I stflmMrìgtfc5 ig vfgm ic d`g`strm `gkcàs Dr. \nmrtmg,hmd`s`mgflm ispih`fcdigti pmr ic kmoìrgm orfs`ciöm, trftø li l`s`pfr istms pribu`h`ms li cf digti liCøpiz2 Fctif bfitf ist.

Ic kmoìrgm pfrfkufym rinusø hìrtfdigti hmgtrfir fc`fgzf amrdfc hmg ic Istflm Mrìgtfc, dfslihcfrø qui, sìglm cf `glipigligh`f li isti pfäs"hmgl`h`øg gihisfr`f häiä iqu`còr`m lic _äm li cfZcftf, y àsti pr`gh`p`f li s-u pmcät`hf", si risirv fräf`gtirvig`r `glipiglìgtidigti. (Gmtf lic 8: li

fkmstm). ' ' ä¡Ic 8: li fkmstm cf hfgh`cciräf pfrfkufyf igtrikø

f cf cikfh`øg orfs`ciöf su afd msm uct`d ætud -prmtistf, ig ic hufc privìgi qui tmlf mhupfh`øg, pirdfgigti m tidpmrfr`f li tirr`tmr`m urukufym pmr auirzfs lic Orfs`c, siräf hmgs`lirflf "hmdm ftigtftmr`f

l iqu`còr`m li cms Istflms lic Zcftf , qui `gtirisff cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy hmdm kfrfgtäf li susikur`lfl, pfz y prmspir`lfl".

Ic d`g`strm orfs`ciöm ig Fsugh`øg, Lr. Q`fggf liC`df, hmgtistø ig gmtf lic 6' li siptìdori, lfglmfdpc`fs ixpc`hfh`mgis y sikur`lflis fhirhf li cfs




“ 6<? “

`gtigh`mgis lic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc rispihtm li cf _i

pòoc`hf Mrìgtfc. "Xìgti, lihäf, qui ic kmoìrgmli qui "Q. I. nfhi pfrti, gutrf rihicms smori cfsvirlflirfs `gtigh`mgis lic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc, y vifig cf fhtufc hmgbugturf pic`krms, qui gm ix`stig, pfrf cf `glipigligh`f i `gtikr`lfl lic Istflm Mrìgt f c " . \ird`gfof l`h ì gl m2 " L i h ìrtm, g `gkugfhmgs`lirfh`øg ci nfræ lis`st`r ig ic lisidpiöm licf sfkrflf d`s`øg qui ci `ghudoi, li prmtikir cf v`lf, cf nmgrf y cf prmpìlfl li cms suol`tms li XuDfbistfl i c Idpirflmr" .

Cf rispuistf orfs`ciöf lioìrf nfoir ofstflm pcigfdigti pfr f qui C øp iz rit`rfrf `gdil`ftfdigtisu fdigfzf5 cibms li ism, cf hmga`rdø ig gmtf lic

8 li siptìdori. Ig ic dis li mhtuori ug piquiömlistfhfdigtm orfs`ciöm, hmdpuistm li ug oftfccøgli `gafgtiräf y lms huirpms li hfofcciräf, pfsø cfsarmgtirfs mhupfglm cf Q`ccf li Dicø, ig ibirh`h`m licfs riprisfc`fs fgugh`flfs ig ic uct`dætud li Xf-rf`vf, sikòg fa`rdf ic kigirfc Omrdfgg. Cøpiz ris

pmgl`ø f isti fhtm, dfglfglm fprisfr ug vfpmrorfs`ciöm s`g priv`f lihcfrfh`øg li kuirrf, hmgsudfglm ugf acfkrfgti v`mcfh`øg lic lirihnm li kigtis y lic trftflm li gfvikfh`øg li 6>91. Isti fhtmli ofrofrì l`m cukfr f cf rupturf l`pcmdæt`hf.

Xudfr`flf ig istf amrdf cf ixpms`h`øg li cms ni

hnms, is ic hfsm li ighfrfrcms lisli ic pugtm li v`stf lic lirihnm `gtirgfh`mgfc. Ic prmhil`dìgtm mosirvflm pmr ic kmoìrgm orfs`ciöm rispihtm li cf _ipòo c`hf M rìgtfc ighuf lrf pi raihtf d ig ti ligtrm licfs gmrdfs lic lirihnm li kigtis. Lisftigl`lfs susbustfs rihcfdfh`mgis, fkmtflms tmlms cms dil`ms hmg-




“ 6<8 “

h`c`ftmr`ms f su fchfghi, ic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc nuoì

rf istflm ig su dæs piraihtm lirihnm fc lihcfrfr cfkuirrf f cf Ofglf Mrìgtfc5 dfs gm cm n`zm, c`d`tæglmsi fc ibirh`h`m li riprisfc`fs, y ig istm auà tfgdmlirflm q`ì cfs rilubm f s`dpcis dil`lfs li prmtihh`øg pfrf sus suol`tms, s`g hmgvirt`rcfs ig fhtmsli nmst`c`lfl. "Ic lis`kg`m pr`gh`pfc lic kmoìrgmorfs`ciöm is li kfrfgt`r pmr sä d`sdm cf sikur`lflpirsmgfc y cf prmpìlfl li sus hmghùlflfgms", lihäf Xfrf`vf ig gmtf lic 6: li fkmstm l`r`k`lf fc kmoìrgm urukufym. Ig hmghmrlfgh`f hmg istms prmpøs`tms, cfs `gstruhh`mgis ixpil`lfs pmr ic D`g`stir`mli Kuirrf y Dfr`gf pfrf ic ibirh`h`m li cfs riprisfc`fs, cfs c`d`tfof f s`dpcis dil`lfs li pmc`häf

pfrf cf prmtihh`øg li cms hùlflfgms orfs`ciöms.X`g idofrkm, gm libø Xfrf`vf li privig`r fc km

oìrgm li Dmgtiv`lim li qui "s` cf fht`tul fsud`lfauisi `gsua`hìgti pfrf fchfgzfr tmlm cm qui auirfsmc`h`tflm ig cf gmtf lic 6> li bug`m, ic kmoìrgm liX. D. gm t`tuoifräf, ig fud igtfr cf krf vi lf l li cfs

dil`lfs qui òfg f sir futmr`zflfs. (Gmtf lic 6:li fkmstm).

Fsä suhil`ø ig iaihtm5 lic ibirh`h`m li riprisfc`fs ic `dpir`m pfsø f ugf virlflirf `gtirvigh`øgfrdflf. Cms fhtms li riprisfc`fs hmdm cms li `gtirvigh`øg gm smg fhtms li kuirrf5 fsä cm prmhcfdø

Xfrf`vf auglflm ig ugf lmhtr`gf udvirsfcdigtifhiptflf lic lirihnm li kigtis5 ig hmgsihuigh`f icriqu`s`tm li cf lihcfrfh`øg li kuirrf gm prmhili igisms hfsms. *Gm nu om pu is tfc ft rmpi ccm f ug f ig t`lfl smoirfgf, hmd m quìri nf hirg ms hriir " K u f rfgä ' '.




“ 6<< “

Ic d`sdm huirpm l`pcmdæt`hm li Dmgtiv`lim li

hcfrø cikfc y bustà`hflf cf fht`tul lic Orfs`c.Zfsfridms f nfhir cf fprih`fh`øg bu räl `hf lic

prmhilir-li-Cøpiz f cf cuz li cms pr`gh`p`ms auglfdigtfcis lic lirihnm `gtirgfh`mgfc. Zfrf iccm gm pmlræ sirv`rgms li icidigtm li bu`h`m cf `gtirvigh`øgfrdflf lic Orfs`c, pmr sir àstf pmstir`mr f cf rup

turf l`pcmdæt`hf mhurr`lf ig gmvìdori.Cf gmtf-prmtistf lic 8: li fkmstm vilfof fc kmoìrgm `dpir`fc ic ibirh`h`m li cfs riprisfc`fs priv`stfs ig ic uct`dætud li Xfrf`vf y, ig hmgsihuigh`f, ci `dpiläf nfhir iaiht`vf cf prmtihh`øg li sussuol`tms ris`ligtis ig tirr`tmr`m mrìgtfc. Isti uct`dætud pfr fku fym , s`g priv`m pil `lm li ixp c`hfh`mgis, y hmrrmomrflm lispuàs li cfs vmcugtfr`fs ixpc`hfh`mgis lflfs pmr ic kmoìrgm orfs`ciöm, hmgst`tuyi ugf `gsmcigh`f hmdm pmhfs cfs rik`strf cf n`stmr`f l`pcmdæt`hf li cfs gfh`mgis h`v`c`zflfs. Irfugf `dpms`h`øg li vmcugtfl, fro`trfr`f y nud`ccfgti, f cf hufc gm pmläf smditirsi ic trmgm li _äm li

Bfgi`rm s`g igv`cihirsi f cms mbms lic puiocm y licduglm.

Cf rfzøg `gvmhflf irf ic dfgtig`dìgtm li cf smoirfgäf mrìgtfc hmdm hmgl`h`øg lic iqu`còr`m pcf-tigsi. \fg tmrpi i `ghmgs`stigti pritixtm nuom lilisftfr ugf ru`lmsf hfrhfbflf igtri cms nmdoris li

Ouig ms F`ris, hmdm oìg cm mosirvf ' ' K u fr fg ä ' ' , v fcìglm f Cøpiz ic fpmlm li "iqu`còr`stf lic _äm licf Zcftf", hmdm cm fpicc`lfrf cf prigsf pm rtiö f.

Dfs nfy qui nfhir gmtfr qui gm auà ic pr`gh`p`mlic iqu`còr`m ic virlflirm ocfghm li cfs ourcfs, hmdm irrflfdigti cm fa`rdf ic frt`huc`stf, s`gm dæs




“ 6 < 1 “

oìg su fpc`hfh`øg `cøk`hf i `rrfh`mgfc f ug hmgac`h

tm ig qui gm pic`krfof g` cf futmgmdäf g` cf `gtikr`lfl tirr`tmr`fc li g`gkòg pfäs lic Zcftf.

Ic virlflirm iqu`còr`m, ishròi Ocugtsinc`, hmgs`sti ig cf hmix`stigh`f pfhäa`hf li l`virsms istflms.Xi nfccf fdigfzflm hufglm ug Istflm flquìri ugfsupridfhäf tfc qui cf sikur`lfl, cf `glipigligh`f

y cf còirtfl li mtrms istflms puilfg sir ftfhflmspmr àc. Ig sidibfgti hfsm, tmlms cms Istflms, l`rihtf m `gl`rihtfdigti fdigfzflms, si nfccfg futmr`zflms pfrf ristfocihir ic iqu`còr`m y tmdfr dil`lfs hmgluhigtis f fsikurfr su d fg tig `d ìg tm" .Hmgamrdi f istf lmhtr`gf, ic frdfdigtm y cf dmv`c`zfh`øg lic Zf rfk uf y, hmdigzflms f pr`g h`p`m li6>1<, ig pcigm tìdpm li pfz, `dpmrtfofg ugf fdigfzf pfrf ic iqu`còr`m lic _äm li cf Zcftf, y nuoìrfg cik`t`dflm ugf `gtirvigh`øg frdflf lic Orfs`c y su fc`fgzf hmg cf Frkigt`gf. Is cm qui Hfrcms_`virms lihäf, pmr `gsp`rfh`øg li Cøpiz, ig ic L`htfdig li cf Hmd`s`øg Lmoci fc Hmgkrism Gfh`mgfc

li 6>192 "Hufglm nfy ugf Gfh`øg `gquìtf y dfc`kgf, l`spuistf sìdpri f lföfr f cfs lidæs, pmg`àglmcis istmroms y sush`tæglmcis l`sigs`mgis `gtist`gfs, tmlfs cfs mtrfs tìgig ic lirihnm li riug`rsipfrf ripr`d`rcf y riluh`rcf f cf `dpmsò`c`lfl linfhir dfc". Ic pris`ligti Cøpiz mcv`lfof s`g lulf

sus sihritfs dfqu`gfh`mgis hmg ic kigirfc Yrqu`zfig i c föm 6>18 . . . ¡Ic lidmg`m vist`lm li ird`tföm , ixhcfdf Xhuzf Lmhif hmg duhnm fhìrtm.

Cf lmhtr`g f lic iqu`còr`m pcftigsi, tfc hufc cfnfoäf libflm auglflf ic hfgh`ccir Nirrirf ig sus`gstruhh`mgis fc d`g`strm Cfp`lm, sìglm fhiptflf




“ 6<1 “

pmr ic pris`ligti Cøpiz, gm libfof li ripmsfr smori

auglfd igtms rfh`mgfcis, pi rm su fpc`hfh`øg f cmsnihnms risuctø lisli tmlm pugtm li v`stf lisft`gflf.Igtri cfs gfh`mgfc`lflis lic _äm li cf Zcftf nfy ugiqu`còr`m li nihnm y sìdpri cm nf nfo`lm, fgtisfòg li qui Cøpiz prmhcfdfsi ic pr`gh`p`m ig amrdfma`h`fc . Ic Zfrfkufy y ic Yrukufy, sikòg Kuzdæg,amrdfg fhtufcdigti ic ibi li l`hnm iqu`còr`m ig ichufc cf Frkigt`gf y ic Orfs`c si pristfg dutum hmgtrfpism. Isti iqu`còr`m is hrifh`øg `gtigh`mgfc licf l`pcmdfh`f orfs`ciöf, list`gflf f mpmgir ug l`qui f cfs fdo`h`mgis trfl`h`mgfcis li cf fgt`kuf hfp`tfc lic Q`rriygftm. Cfs _ipòoc`hfs lic Zfrfkufyy Yrukufy lioig su ix`stigh`f ig ic dfpf f cfs

hmgvigìgh`fs li cf pmcät`hf `dpir`fc. Iccfs auirmgcms lms istròms ig qui si fpmyfrf ic Orfs`c pfrf ris`st`r ic fvfghi hrihìgti li Ouigms F`ris, sikòg cffhirtflf ixpris`øg lic lmhtmr Z`gtm lf _mhnf. Iclmhtmr Cu`s Fcoirtm li Nirrirf hmgs`lirf qui cfkuirrf lic Zfrfkufy nf listru`lm ic iqu`còr`m pcf-

tigsi5 cibms li ism, gm nf nihnm s`gm ristfocihircm fsu istflm pr`d`t`vm, sikòg cm ixpc`hf Kuzdæg.

Òct`dfdigti ic riprisigtfgti frkigt`gm, fgti icHmgkrism li K`gio rf, nf `gvm hfl m ic pr `gh `p`m liciqu`còr`m pmcät`hm fc prmtistfr hmgtrf cf hmghis`øgli ug fsìgtm pirdfgigti ig cf C`kf li cfs Gfh`m

gis f cf _ipòoc`hf lic Orfs`c, hmg ixhcus`øg li cfFrkigt`gf. Isti is ic nihnm qui tfgtm ccfdf cf ftigh`øg li "Kufrfgä" , quìg hrii ighmgtrfr ig àc cfbustà `hfh`øg dæs rmtuglf li cf fht`tul li Cøpiz igic föm 6>18. Gm nfy tfc, s`g idofrkm, pmrqui ig ichmg ac`htm orfs`ciöm-mrìgtfc gm si nfccfof hmd prm-




“ 6<; “

dit`lf g` cf smoirfgäf g` cf `gtikr`lfl tirr`tmr`fc

li g`gkòg pfäs y ic `dpir`m si nfccfof ig ic ibirh`h`m li sus dæs cikät`dms i `giculòcis lioiris. Iclmhtmr Ciøg Xuæriz gm nf bustà `hflm, pmr tfgtm, cf"fht`tul li Cøpiz5 cm qui n`hìrf, is hmga`rdfr cflmhtr`gf `gti rgf h`mgf c. qui fquàc prmhcfd frf hmdmpr`dirm ig cigkufbi ma`h`fc, s`g sfoir fpc`hfrcf ig

ic tirrigm li cms nihnms.Zmr cm lidæs, sàfgms pird`t`lm 2• gamr`gfr f ' ' Kufrfgä" li qui gm auà ic lmhtmr Xuæriz quìg pmrpr`dirf viz prihmg`zfrf ic iqu`còr`m igtri cf Frkigt`gf y ic Orfs`c, pmrqui àsti yf cm nfoäf nihnmnfhi ugms sisigtf y tris föms pmr `gtirdil`m li suhfgh`ccir Hfrgi`rm li Hfdpms, v`zhmgli li Forfg-tis. F rfäz lic foìrtm afvmr l`spigsflm pmr D`trif cf rivmcuh`øg li Zcmris, ic kmoìrgm li Dmgtiv`lim rihu rr`ø s`ductægifdig ti fc Z fr fk uf y y fcOrfs`c ig pit`h`øg li su fpmym, y s`ductægifdigticfs hfgh`cciräfs li Fsugh`øg y _äm li Bfgi`rm, cfpr`dirf ic 1 li siptìdori, cf sikuglf ic 8 li gm

vìdori, igv`frmg f Ouigms F`ris ugf gmtf hmgtigìglm ug pil`lm li ixpc`hfh`mgis, ig cf hufc lihcfrfofg su rismcuh`øg li dfgtigir cf `glipigligh`f lic Istflm Mrìgtfc, hmdm hmgl`h`øg lic iqu`còr`m pcftigsi. L`hi fsä cf gmtf orf s`ci öf 2 ' ' I g ichursm li cms suhisms, nihnms nfg tig`lm cukfr qui

primhupfg fc kmoìrgm `dpir`fc ccivæglmcm nfstf icpugtm li supmgi r fdigfzflf, cf futmgm d äf lic I stflm Mrìgtfc lic Yrukufy, cf hufc siräf dfgtig`lf pmr ic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc hmdm ug risuctflm `glihc`gfoci li cms pfhtms v`kigtis, y hmdm ugf hmgl`h`øg `gliaihtòci li cms dutums `gtirisis y lic iqu`-




“ 6<> “

còr`m pmcät`hm li iD fs rik`mgis". I s li supmg ir qui

istf fa`rdfh`øg li cf lmhtr`gf lic iqu`còr`m pmcät`hm ig cf gmtf orfs`ciöf auisi `gsp`rfh`øg li cf l`pcmdfh`f mrìgtfc, hmdm cm auà ig cf gmtf pfrfkufyf .

Zmhms disis lispuàs, hmg dmt`vm lic hmgac`htm n`s-pfgm-pirufgm, qui lìrf cukfr f cf krfg hmfc`h`øgigtri ic Zirò, Hn`ci, Omc`v`f y ic Ihuflmr, ic hfgh`ccir hn`cigm Fcvfrm Hmvfrruo`fs bustà `hfof su fht`tul, auglflm ig cf lmhtr`gf lic iqu`còr`m pmcät`hm, l`hì gl m2 ' ' Ix`sti ug lirihnm piraihtm i `d prishr`ptòci, ic li cf prmp`f hmgsirvfh`øg, qui pird`tif ug istflm `gtirvig`r ig cms gikmh`ms li sus vih`gms, qui hmfc`kf f cfs gfh`mgis, hmdm dæs li ugf viznf suhià`lm ig Iurmpf, pfrf dfgtigir su iqu`còr`m,y qui futmr`zf f cf Fdàr`hf, (f Hn`ci ig pfrt`huc f r ) , pfrf vicfr pmr cf `gtikr`lfl tirr`tmr`fc y cf smoirfgäf lic Zirò. (Gmtf lic ?> li dfym li 6>1<).

Auglflm ig fquiccf d`sdf lmhtr`gf `gtirgfh`mgfc, ig fquic lirihnm piraihtm i `dprish`glòci li

cf prmp`f hmgsirvfh`øg, ic lmhtmr Cu`s Fcoirtm liNirrirf nf pritigl`lm cik`t`dfr cf fc`fgzf pfrfkufym-mrìgtfc y cf `gtirvigh`øg frdflf li Cøpizig ic hmgac`htm li 6>1<. Ishrò`ø lms tmdms vmcud`gmsms, li qu`gìgtfs pæk`g fs hfl f u gm , t`tucflms" C f l`pcmdfh`f Mrìgtfc ig ic Z f rf k u f y" , liaig

lìglm cf fhtufh`øg pmcät`hf li su pflri, ic hfgh`ccir N irrirf , y trftfglm li lidmstrfr vfgfdig tiqui cms lis`kg`ms lic kmoìrgm `dpir`fc, fc `gtirvig`r hmg cfs frdfs ig cf Ofglf Mrìgtfc, auirmg lihmgqu`stf y fgix`øg. A`gfcdigti ic `custrà puoc`h`stf mrìgtfc si nf hmgvigh`lm, nfrtm tfrläfdigti,




“ 6<0 “

li su irrmr, y ig su òct`d f morf t`tucflf " I c Y ru

kufy @gtirgfh`mgfc" , si ritrfhtf pmr hmdpcitm, lihcfrfglm qui "cf dflurf riacix`øg igsiöf qui icOrfs`c, lispuàs li 6>?9, gughf `gtigtø pmr cf v`mcigh`f cif rihmgqu`stf li cf Ofglf. Mrìgtfc". _ i a ` r`àglmsi f cf `gtirvigh`øg frdflf li 6>18, ishrò i 2 . . . . "Dfs tfrli, ig mhfs`øg lmcmrmsf , huyf df

ymr hucpf lioidms `dputfrgms f gmsmtrms, cfs trmpfs lic G mrti omd ofrl ifrm g guistrfs hùlflis ymoc`kfrmg f Dmgtiv`lim f rigl`rsi" .

Nmy ig läf yf gflì liaìgli cf hmgluhtf li Xmcfgm Cø piz fc prm vmh fr cf sfgkrìgtf kuirrf quihfusfrf ic ixtird`g`m li guistrm puiocm, dæs quicms `kgmrfgtis li cf n`stmr`f pftr`f y cms lishmgmhilmris li cms dæs icidigtfcis pr`gh`p`ms li lirihnm`gtirgfh `mgfc. Fhmgsi bfdms f " K u f r f g ä " qui gmvuicvf f nfocfrgms ig pòoc`hm li sus mp`g`mgis pfrt`hucfris ig huist`mgis tfg `dpmrtfgtis lic lirihnmli kigtis. Hmg ug rihmrti li l`fr`m ig cf dfgm, fgflì ci is lflm l`htfr afccm ig fsugtms n`stør`hms y

buräl`hms . "Kufrfgä" , fgtis li buzkfr , lioi duö`rsi li cms fgtihiligtis gihisfr`ms, y ig tfc sigt`lmgms is krftm fprmvihnfr cf mhfs`øg pfrf marihircihufgtms `gamrdis lisifri, qui ci sud`g`strfridms,sìdpri qui gms auirig pil`lms hmg cf lio`lf hmrrihh`øg li ci g ku fb i. Nf hid ms isti marih`d ìgtm ig

cf hmgv`hh `øg li qui "Kufrfgä" , hmdm s `ghirfdigti cm ispirfdms, g m si nfcci lmd `gflm p m r cf `lifprihmghio`lf li bustà `hfr fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz, pmrqui ig tfc hfsm nfstf gms frripigt`räfdms li nfoirhmghil`lm f su frtähucm ugf `dpmrtfgh`f dfymr licf qui ig rifc`lfl dirihäf.

Msifr @@. H O I P L \ .




“ 69: “

(Frt ähucm pfrf cf riv`s tf "Cf B uvigtul" , ørkfgm li

ug krupm sicihtm li cf buvigtul istu l`m sf) .

Ic l`st`gku`lm ug`virs`tfr`m Msifr N. Hriylt, futmr liisti igsfym, pirtigihi f ugf ispihtfoci afd`c `f li cf

smhìlfl pf rfku fyf y hursf f htuf cdi gti ic 9« föm li cf

Afhuctfl li Lirihnm y Hìgh`fs Xmh`fcis , nfoìglm sm

orisfc `lm s ìd pri pmr su hcfrf `gtic `kigh`f .

Zmr su `glipigligh`f li hfræhtir nf sfo`lm sustrfir

si fc `gacubm li cms nfcfkms y li cf vfg`lfl qui nfoäfg

c cikflm f `ga `h`mgfr ic fdoìgti , fpmliræglmsi li cmsispär`tus dfcifocis m pus` cæg`dis .

Li krfg igtirizf dmrfc , `gvist `kflmr, istul`msm y lm

tflm li hcfr`lfl li v`stfs y hmg dil`ms prmp`ms pfrf

gm gihis`tfr li cf c `smgbf g` li cf digt`rf, ic bmvig

Hriylt istæ c cfdfl m f si r ugf li cfs a `kurfs listfh f

lfs li cf fhtufc kigirfh`øg istul`fgt`c 5

Hmd igtfr`ms lic Lr. Oæiz smori ic d`sdm pugtm

Cøpiz gm l`s`ducfof su lisim li `gtirvig`r ig ichmgac`htm r`mpcftigsi.

Hufglm ugf d fgàistfh`øg pmp ucfr, amdigtflfpmr àc d`sdm, ci s`kgà`hø qui fprmofof su pmcät`hf,

àc hmgtistø hmg ug l`shursm ig qui lihäf2" I c Zfrf kufy gm lioi fhiptfr yf pmr dæs t ìd

pm cf prish`gligh`f qui si nf nihnm li su hmghursm,fc fk`tfrsi ig cms Istflms vih`gms huist`mgis `gtirgfh`mgfcis qui nfg `gacu`lm dæs m digms l`rihtfdigti ig ic digmshfom li sus dæs hfrms lirihnms".

Zirm cm dæs mr`k`gfc is qui Cøpiz si prisigtfofhmdm idpubflm pm r ic pui ocm pfr fku fym pfrf morfrig ic sigt`lm `gl`hflm. Zmr ism ig ic d`sdm l`shursmfkrikfof2

" F c fsud`r cf s`tufh`øg qui nf prmvmhfl m vuistrf kigirmsf flnis`øg y mari h`d ìg tm gm di ni nihnm




696

`cus`mgis smori cf krfvilfl li isf d`sdf s`tufh`øg,

ithàtirf".Cms làspmtfs sìdpri quìrig fpfrihir hmdm `g

tàrpritis li cf vmcugtfl gfh`mgfc, m s`rvìglm cms`gtirisis li cf gfh`øg.

Hufcquìr nmdori li sigt`lm hmdòg hmdprigliræqui Cøpiz g` lio`ø `gtirvig`r ig ic hmgac`htm uru

kufym-orfs`ciöm, g` duhnm digms prmvmhfr cf kuirrf.Ig cf àpmhf f qui gms riair`dms (6>18-6>19) tfg

tm ic Orfs`c hmdm cf Frkigt`gf si igtigläfg pfrflirròfr fc kmoìrgm còirfc qui nfoäf ig Dmgtiv`lim.

Ic `gtiràs lic Orfs`c irf tigir ug kmoìrgm fd`km ig Dmgtiv`lim, hmg huym hmghursm pulìrf hmgtfrpfrf smamhfr ic d mv`dìgtm ripu oc`hfgm ig _ ämKrfgli. P pfrf smamhfr ic ispär`tu rip uo c`hfg m ig_äm Krfgli, ic kmoìrgm orfs`ciöm tigäf gihis`lflli hmgtigtfr f sus hful`ccms, cms hufcis rihcfdfofglföms y pirbu`h`ms qui lihäfg nfoircis mhfs`mgflm

ic kmoìrgm mrìgtfc.'Ic `gtiràs li D`tri m ic `gtiràs frkigt`gm irf pm

gir ig Dmgtiv`lim ug kmoìrgm qui gm auirf fd`kmlic Zfrfkufy.

Li suirti qui ic idpirflmr lic Orfs`c y ic pris`ligti frkigt`gm, pmr `gtirisis l`virsms, si igtig

läfg pfrf lirròfr fc kmoìrgm ocfghm li Oirrm. Fisti a`g fyulfrmg lishfrflfdigti cf rivmcuh`øg lickigirfc Zcmris, qui trùgaø.

Cøpiz si dit`ø hmdm ug `doàh`c ig fquic `dorm-

kcw, y hmdprmdit`ø cf suirti lic Zfrfkufy.Cøpiz, qui gm dfgtigäf g`gkugf cikfh`øg ig ic




“ .69? “

_äm li cf Zcftf, f` ig _äm li Bfgìrm, gm hmdprig

läf qui tmlf cf dfrföf, qui si frdfof ig ic Zcftf,gm irf mtrf hmsf qui cf cuhnf li cms pfrt`lms trfl`h`mgfcis .

Cf `glipigligh`f li cf Ofglf Mrìgtfc ig rifc`lfl gm istfof fdigfzflf pmr ic Orfs`c5 puis gmirf hriäoci qui ic kigirfc Acmris y su pfrt`lm hm

cmrflm tuvìsig ic pigsfdìgtm li hmd itir sid ibfgti trf`h`øg f cf pftr`f.Zirm cms ocfghms ci nfhäfg hriir f C øp iz qui sä,

pfrf, frrfstrfrci f cf kuirrf, P cm hmgs`kuìrmg.Nmy läf yf gflì hrii qui nuoìsi prmofo`c`lfl

li trùgam pfrf ic Zfrfkufy. Cf kuirrf nuoìrflurflm lìz m qu`ghi föms, y cf Fc`fgzf nuoìrftrùgaflm sìdpri, pmrqui tigäf rihursms, ig tfgtmqui Cøpiz si nfoäf ighn`quirflm ig u g r`ghø g s`gsfc`lf, lmgli tmlm afctfof,

Cøpiz idpcifof hmdm biais, pr`gh`pfcdigti, fcms dæs orutms, pfrf fsikurfrsi su a`lic`lfl hìkfi `ghmgl`h`mgfc.

A`kòrisi qui hmdit`ø cf tmrpizf li l`spirsfrsus auirzfs pmr ic gmrti, pmr ic sul, y pmr tmlms cflms, y li dfglfr ugf ixpil`h`øg hmgqu`stflmrf fcpfäs igid `km, f _ äm K rfgli , f ug Is t`kfrrò`f,nmdori li ugf sup`gf `kgmrfgh`f.

Zfrihi qui Cøpiz qu`sm nfhir lic pmori Ist`kf

rrò`f ugf ispihì li Fcibfglrm `gtirgæglmsi ig cf@gl`f, m ug Gfpmciøg pigitrfglm ig ic hmrfzøg licf _us`f .

Irf cf lidigh`f li cf t `rfgäf. \mlm prmcmgkflmlispmt`sdm ccikf gihisfr`fdigti f cf lidigh`f pfrfqui lisfpfrizhf. Zmr ism lihäfg cms fgt`kums2 Bò-




“ 698 “

p`tir lidigtft qums pirlirà vu.ct2 cø qui, ig rmdfg

hi hfsticcfgm, s`kgà`hf2 "L`ms igcmquihi f quìgisquìri pirlir" .Hmg iaihtm, ic lispmt`sdm d`c`tfr li _mdf hmg

hcuyø hmg cf lidigh`f li cms idpirflmris, fsä hmdmic lispmt`sdm fusträfhm ig Ispföf hmghcuyø hmg icidorutih`dìgtm li Hfrcms @@.

Cøpiz auà hikflm pmr ic mrkuccm y cf vfg`lfl, ysi ftrfbm su prmp`f ru`gf, frru`gfglm f cf viz fcZfrfkufy, lispuàs li nfoirsi oföflm ig cf sfgkrili sus nirdfgms, hmdm ic `gduglm ciprmsm li cf ciyiglf.

http://vu.lt/

http://vu.lt/


http://vu.lt/






X I K Y G L F Z F _ \ I

I G H I _ _ M H M _ F

CF AYKF LIC DF_@XHFC

(Duiri fchfg zflm ig su vicmz hfrrirf )

@

Ò C \ @ D M X F H \ M X L I C D F _ @ X H F C C M Z I R

(_icftm lic hmrmgic Higtu r`øg)

Xiömr l`rihtmr li " I c F cou d li cf Kuirrf lic Z f

rfkufy" , Lmg Bmsà H. Xmtm .

Duy siömr däm y fd`km2Lisimsm li hmmpirfr hmg ic gmoci prmpøs`tm li su

`dpmrtfgti puoc`hfh`øg, hufc is, fyulfr fc ishcfri

h`dìgtm li cf virlfl n`stør`hf, y, f cf viz, iglirizfr cms irrmris qui si hmgtìgig ig cfs puoc`hfh`mgis nihnfs nfstf ic prisigti smori ic hmdofti òct`dm ig Hirrm-Hmræ, ishr`tfs li lftms rihmk`lms liauigtis gm sìdpri a`lil`kgfs, vmy f pird`t`rdiriair`rci f Ql. fquic suhism, li qui ni s`lm tist`kmprisigh`fc y fhtmr fc d`sdm tìdpm.

Cms ristms lic Ibàrh`tm Gfh`mgfc, qui fhmdpföfofg lisli F zh u rr f fc D fr`shfc Cø piz , ccikfrmg fHirrm-Hmræ prmauglfdigti quiorfgtflms ig su dmrfc y ispär`tu, pmr ixhis`vfs aft`kfs y pigur`fs qui`dpmgäf ugf dfrhnf tfg prmcmgkflf, ccigf li tmlmkàgirm li pr`vfh`mgis y hmg ishfsäs`dms icidigtms




“ 691 “

li dmv`c`lfl. F dil`lf qui fudigtfof cf d`sir`f,

òf lihfyiglm dæs y dæs ic æg`dm ofstf ic krflmli nfccfrsi tmlm ic duglm lmd`gflm lic dæs hmdpcitm lisfcìgtm.

Cøpiz, s`g lulf, oushfglm dil`ms li rifg`dfrcmfckòg tfgtm, fugqui irf huist`øg làäh`c hufglm cfhfusf pr`gh`pfc lic dfc irf ic nfdori, hmghò`ø cf

`lif li l`stròu`rci dilfccfs ig prid`m li cf cifctfl y hmgstfgh`f li qui lìrmg ugf pruiof tfg ricivfgti ig fquiccf pigmsf hfdpföf.

Hmg isti prmpøs`tm, f a`gis li aiorirm li 6>;:,dfglø riug`r f cms pr`gh`pfcis biais y ma`h`fcis licibàrh`tm, y àc, sigtflm ig ugf s`ccf, y fquàccms smoricf krfd`ccf arigti fc hufrtic kigirfc amrdfglm ugkrfg sid`härhucm, cis ixprisø hmg pfcforfs icmhuigtis cf pigf qui tmrturfof su hmrfzøg fc vir qui sinfhäfg hmrrir krfglis vmhis li qui àc `gtigtfof pfsfrsi f Omc`v`f, _ihnfzø hmg igirkäf isf supms`h`øgqui, l`bm, `dpmrtfof ug lishmgmh`dìgtm li su cifctfl y pftr`mt`sdm, dfgàistfglm qui àc nfoäf burf

lm fgti L`ms y ic duglm liaiglir f su pftr`f nfstfcf duirti y qui istfof l`spuistm f hudpc`r su burfdigtm.

Cuikm, si ixtigl`ø cfrkfdigti smori cms lioirisy sfhrà `h`ms qui `dpmgäf ic pftr`mt`sdm, ig prisigh`f li cf sfgkri fòg nudifgti qui nudilihäf cms

hfdpms li oftfccf, lmgli lihäf, tfgtms hùlflfgmsnfg sfhrà`hflm sus v`lfs ig liaigsf lic suicm pftr`m, cikfglm fsä f cf pmstir`lfl ug ibidpcm li fogikfh`øg y ug t`dori li kcmr`f qui rihmrlfræ susgmd oris ig ic tidpcm li cf `gd mrtfc`lfl. N focøtfdo`àg lic igid`km, li cfs pritigs`mgis trfl`h`mgf-




“ 69; “

cis lic `dpir`m smori istms puiocms, idpcifglm f su

rispihtm fckugms hn`stis pfrf prmluh`r n`cfr`lfl igtri cms qui ci ishuhnfofg.

Ig siku`lf ciyø ic lihritm qui hmgairäf cf dilfccf li Fdfgofy, l`stròu yàg lmsi , lisli cui km , cf«h`gtfs li qui lioiräf `r piglìgti lic pihnm li hflf ugm li cms fkrfh`flms. L`hnf h`gtf irf li lms

hmcmris2 hmcmrflm ig cfs mr`ccfs y fdfr`ccm ig ic higtrm . Gm sà s` cf flmph`øg li istms hmcmris li cf ofglirf ispfömcf irf `glàirigti, m s` iccf moilihäf ffckòg pigsfdìgtm m `lif qui si ricfh`mgfsi hmg cfsciyiglfs suoc`dis li cf pigägsucf òàr`hf. \fc viznfyf quir`lm rihmrlfr m riarishfr cf didmr`f, ic

ibidpcm li cms sfhrà`h`ms nirm`hms qui n`hìrmg guistrms fgtipfsflms ig ic lishuor`dìgtm y hmgqu`stfli cf Fdàr`hf, y ig liaigsf li su `glipigligh`fhmgtrf ic hmcmsm lic s`kcm, huyms k`kfgtishms isauirzms nfg s`lm y siræg tidf hmgstfgti li cf fld`rfh`øg lic duglm.

Ic 6 ' li dfrzm, pmr cf dföfgf tidprfgm, (6) fckugfs dubiris ishfpflfs li guistrf krfg kufrl`fs`tuflf smori ic pfsm li ug frrmym qui hruzf ic hfd`gm qui hmgluhi f Q`ccf Hmghiph`øg, l`stfgti ugfm lms cikufs li guistrm hfd pfd igtm, trfbirm g fCøpiz cf gmt`h`f li qui fquàccf si ighmgtrfof igpmlir lic igid`km, quìg nfoäf pml`lm fpmlirfrsili iccf aæh`cdigti, iv`tfglm cms hfömgis qui kufrgihäfg ic pfsm, y ccikfglm f iccf pmr cf ritfkufrl`fpmr ug hfd`gm mhuctm qui ci nfoäf `gl`hflm ug lisir-

(6 ) Li ;.8: f > f, d. ( G . lic futmr, 6 > 0 ; ).




“ 69> “

tmr pfrfkufym (6) s`g qui auisi sigt`lm, y ig dm

digtm ig qui cf dfymr pfrti li cf kigti fglfofoushfglm qui hmdir ig cms dmgtis.

Ig siku`lf lispfhnø ugms huftrm omdoirms m ispäfs pfrf trfirci gmt`h`fs lic igid`km5 pirm yf nfoäf s`lm tfrli, pmrqui ugf m lms nmrfs lispuàs sis`gtìrmg t`rms li hföøg siku`lms li ug gutr`lm t`

rmtim li aus`ciräf ig ic pfsm lic Fqu`lfoæ-g`kuä,lmgli nfoäf lms pìzfs li frt`cciräf y ug oftfccøgli `gafgtis a cfhms fc d fglm lic hmrmgic D mrig m ( ? ) .

Hmg tfg ripigt`gf y sir`f gmv ilf l, di ccfdøfprisurflfdigti y di mrligø qui auirf f vir `gdil`ftfdigti cm qui mhurräf ig ic Zfsm, dfglfglmf su fyulfgti ic hfp`tæg _`virms, pfrf qui di fhmdpföfrf. Fc iaihtm àsti igs`ccø y dmgtø ig ug ducmkmrlm qui tigäf ic kigirfc _isquäg, y sfc`dms fctrmti f lfr hudpc`dìgtm f guistrf hmd`s`øg.

Hufglm ccikfdms fc räm, ighmgtrfdms qui yf icigid`km nfoäf hmgsiku`lm amrzfr ic pfsm, nfoìglmdftflm f cf dfymr pfrti li cms qui cm kufrgihäfg.

Qmcv`dms f tmlm hmrrir, trfyiglm ym cf licfgtirf,y fc fprmx`dfrdi fc hufrtic kigirfc, ig huym arigti fòg si nfccfof pfrflm Cøpiz smcm, y s`g ofbfr lichfofccm, pmr ix`k`rcm fsä cf urkigh`f lic hfsm, ci l`biig fctf vmz2 "¡Ic igid`km nf pfsflm ic pfsm "

( 6 ) I c hmrmgic X`cvistri Hfrdmgf, vih`gm li Q `ccf liX f g Z i l r m .

(-?) ( G . lic F . ) . Is tms oftfccmgis fpigfs tigäfg li

?9 f <: nmdoris, puis ic 6= li aiorirm søcm nfocf 6>:

li trmpf prmgtms pfrf igtrfr ig hmdofti , sikòg ug pfr

ti mr`k`gfc lic kigirfc _isquäg.




“ 690 “

Igtmghis, Cøpiz, s`g lih`r gflf, y lfglm fckugms

pfsms fc arigti y d`rfglm nfh`f lmgli si nfccfoffhfdpflm ic oftfccøg li rà cirms, kr`tø2 "¡F cfs f rdfs tmlms "

H`ghm d`gutms lispuàs, yf vigäf fsmdæglmsi trfsli cf dfymräf, f l`stfgh`f li lms m tris huflrfs lichufrtic kigirfc, fvfgzfglm pmhm f pmhm nfh`f guistrm hfdpfdigtm, ug picmtøg li hfofcciräf igid`kf.Hmdm biai li cf dfymräf y dmgtflm ig ug ouig hfofccm, vmcà f pmgirdi fc arigti li cfs ishfsfs auirzfs li fquic huirpm, y, lispcikæglmcfs ig kuirr`ccf,prmhurà nfhircfs fvfgzfr smori fquàc, hmg cf `gtigh`øg, s` auisi pmsòci, li nfhircfs ccikfr f cfs dfgms, pmr istfr frdflf cf dfymr pfrti li sfocis y

cfgzfs, y duy pmhms li frdfs li auikm, pfrf pmlirsmstigir hmg vigtfbf ug t`rmtim hmg ic igid`km.

Hmg isti dmv`dìgtm li fvfghi, cf hfofcciräf igid`kf ritrmhil`ø pmhm f pmhm y cuikm, f cf l`stfgh`fli ugf huflrf dæs m digms, n`zm fctm, y idpizø frmdpir ug auikm krfgiflm smori guistrf kuirr`ccf,

qui fpigfs ccikfof f hìg nmdoris. Ig istf h`rhugstfgh`f vigäf ccikfglm Cøpiz dmgtflm ig ug hfofccmofym, a cfhøg, fhmdpföflm li su n`bm hmrmgic Zfg-hn`tm y fckugms pmhms biais y ma`h`fcis f pì.

P m rihmrräf d ` kuirr`ccf li ugf ixtrid`lfl fmtrf, trftfglm li `gaugl`r æg`dm f cfs trmpfs5 ig

ugf li isfs rihò`ø d` hfofccm ug ofcfzm qui ciofgliø ic duscm5 pirm hmgt`gufof fs`d`sdm s`g gmvilfl. Ygm li cms bi ais f p ì di flv`rt `ø 2 "Hmrmgic, su hfofccm istæ nir`lm". Krfh`fs, ci l`bi, pirmpfrihi qui gm sìgti cf nir`lf. Gm oìg fhfoà li prmgugh`fr istfs pfcforfs, y fsä qui vmcväf lic fcf li-




“ 61: “

rihnf pfrf cf `zquìrlf, ugf ofcf di ftrfvisø cf

hfrf, c civfglm tmlf cf ligtflurf li cf dfgläoucf `gair`mr li cf lirihnf y cf li cf supir`mr li cf `z-

quìrlf, quilfglm cf cigkuf pfrt`lf pmr ic dil`m hmg cf pugtf hmckfglm li ugf didorfgf, y mtrf qui v`gm fc d`sdm t ìdpm, pigitrø ig ic ` bfr lic hfof-

ccm, hfyiglm hmgd`km duirtm ig ic fhtm. Aic`zdigti

puli zfafrdi li àc, y , fc civfgtfrdi lic suicm, sf-cìglm auirf li cf cägif, mä qui ic Dfr`shfc prikug-

tfof 2 "½Vu`àg is isi qui sfci=' " c hmrmgic igtu-

r`øg, pfpæ, krfvidigti nir`lm" “ ci hmgtistø su n`-

b m Zfgin`tm, qui si ighmgtrfof prøx `dm ( 6 ) .

Gm oìg fhfoø li m`r istf hmgtistfh`øg, hufglm l`m

vuictf y fc kfcmp`tm si rit`rø l`r`k`àglmsi nfh`f ic hufrtic kigirfc pmr ic hfd`gm hfrritirm.

I g siku`lf si prmlu bm ic lisofgli ofbm ugf c cu-

v `f li ofcfs qui hruzfofg smori guistrm hfdpfdig-

6 ) C f prikugtf .lic Dfr`shfc moilihäf sikurfdigti

fc burfdigtm hmciht`vm qui si nfoäf nihnm, hmg mhfs`øg

li cf l`stròuh`øg li cfs h`gtfs, pmhms läfs fgtis, li cu -

hnfr nfstf dmr`r. G . lic F . , 6>0; )

Li cf _iv`stf lic @gst`tutm Zfrfkufym, ℑ 1, pæk. 819

f ; 6 ) .

Q ir I c Æcoud li cf kuirrf lic Z f r f k u f y , igtrikf

6 8 ) .

I c hmrmgic Bufg H. Higtur`øg, futmr`zflm tist`km virlf-lirm biai li cf òct`df fhh`øg li kuirrf ig Hirrm-Hmræ, is

ofstfgti hmgmh`lm hmdm d`c`tfr, hmdm n`stmr`flmr y hmdm pm-

cät`hm li cfrkf fhtufh`øg ig ic pfäs, lisli fgtis li cf kui-

rrf nfstf hfs` guistrms läfs, pfrf qui sif gihisfr`m rifczfr

cf `dpmrtfgh`f ixhiph`mgfc li su ricftm.

Xus idmr` s si nfg puoc`hflm ig < tmdms..




“ 6 1 6 “

tm y cms oftfccmgis qui vigäfg yæ suhis`vfdigti sf

cìglm lic dmgti qui pmocfof cfs mr`ccfs lic Fqu`-lfoæ-g`kuä. F v`stf li cf lirrmtf fvfgzfofg f pfsms prih`p`tflms nfstf pigitrfr ig dil`m li fquiccf hmgaus`øg `gairgfc qxì civfgtfof pmcvfrilf, hmrrìglm nmdoris, dubiris y g`öms pmr lmquìr, dftfglm f ofcf y f ofymgitfzms f hufgtms fchfgzfofg,cm d`sdm f cms qui si rigläfg hmdm f cms qui òfgnuyiglm hfs` s`g fcìgtm, pfrf ishfpfrsi li su aurmr y igsföfdìgtm.

Ni fnä, siömr l`rihtmr, sigh`ccfdigti cf virlflli hufgtm mhurr`ø f d` prisigh`f f cf ccikflf licigid`kø f Hirrm-Hmræ, ccikflf qui auà, hmdm si hmdprigli, ugf virlflirf smrprisf, y qui tuvm cukfr

ig cms dmdigtms ig qui cf dfymr pfrti li cfs trmpfs si ighmgtrfofg ig cms dmgtis oushfglm quà hmdir.

Fc rit`rfrdi lic hmdofti v` lisli cibms fc D fr`shfc Cøpiz p irsiku`lm pmr ugms hufgtms b`gitisW c civfglm rudom nfh`f cf omhf li cf p`hflf qui lfof

igtrflf f ug orfzm lic Fqu`lfoæ-g`kuä, lmgli smcäf`r f pishfr.

\mlm cm lidæs qui mhurr`ø lispuàs nfstf su duirti, gm di hmgstf pirsmgfcdigti, s`gm pmr riairigh`fs li cms qui cm prisigh`frmg, hmgamrdi si cm nfoäf dfgàistflm ig d` ripmrtfbi.

P m , oföflm ig sfgkri, hmg cf ispflf ig cf dfgm,òf fglfglm s`g rudom a`bm nfstf ccikfr f ug krupmli æromcis m `scitf, f huyf smdorf tmdà for`km pfrf còrfrdi li cms rfyms li ug smc forfsflmr y suarìglm ugf sil livmrflmrf. X`g lulf, lio`lm f istf h`rhugstfgh`f ishfpà hmg v`lf.




“ 6 1 ? “

Xirigflf cf tidpistfl, y lispuàs qui tmlm si nf

oäf hmgsudflm, f ism li cfs ? 6|? f cfs 8 li cf tfrli, ugms smclflms lisprigl`lms li ug oftfccøg orfs`ciöm, qui si nfoäf fhfdpflm f cf `gdil`fh`øg, auirmg rihmrrìglm cf `scitf hmdm oushfglm fckm, y diighmgtrfrmg fccä tigl`lm y nmrròcidigti lisa`kurflm, y, priv`m ic lispmbm li tmlfs cfs piquiöfspriglfs li vfcmr qui ccivfof, di hmglubirmg f prisigtfr fc biai lic oftfccøg, f quìg tuvi qui lfr d`gmdori ishr`tm hmg cæp`z ig ug pilfh`tm li pfpicqui di afh`c`tø.

Ig siku`lf di dfglø f ugf kufrl`f, lmgli siighmgtrfofg tfdo`àg pr`s`mgirms fckugms li d`sfgt`kums hmdpföirms.

Bufg H. HIG\Y_@ØG.

> ¡ h , siptìdori < li 6>08.




@ @

6µ L I D F _ R M L I 6>;:

H À _ I M - H M _ F

Cm qui l`bm lmg @kgfh`m @ofrrf

( " C f Li d mhr fh`f " , 6= li dfrzm li 6>>9“ Fsugh`øg)

Vu`ghi föms ftræs, ic 6=

li dfrzm li 6>;:, tigäfcukfr ic òct`dm nihnm li frdfs qui for`ø cf tudoffc làspmtf y fc d`sdm tìdpm hm`gh`läf hmg cf dui`'-ti lic lispmt`sdm.

Ihnidms, fugqui sif fc hmrrir li cf pcudf, ugfd`rflf fcrililmr li fquiccf fh`fkf àpmhf, li pruiofs pfrf duhnms, li sfhrà`h`ms pfrf tmlms.

Cøpiz, hmg su ibàrh`tm hirhigflm y pmori, dæs pmrcf d`sir`f qui suaräf y pfr cfs dftfgzfs qui àc prmp`m mhfs`mgfof ig sus a`cfs, qui p mr cfs ofcfs igid`kfs, nfoäf ccikflm f Hirrm-Mmræ, lispuàs li `ga`g`tfs dfrhnfs y hmgtrfdfrhnfs, f cms si`s disislispuàs li nfoir fofglmgflm sus pms`h`mgis li Fz-

hurrf.D æs li h`ghm d`c nmdoris y mtrms tfgtms li dubi

ris y g`öms, quilfofg nihnms hflæviris f cm cfrkmli cf còkuori rutf qui si sikuäf. I g Hirrm-Hmræ yfgm tigäf C øp iz s`gm ugms huftrmhìg tms nmd oris,dæs m digms, ixhcus`vi ugf ispihì li ritfkufrl`f






“ 619 “

fgt`kuf hr`flf li su d flri , riairigh`fs qui nfg

mhfs`mgflm cf pr`s`øg li vfr`ms, y òct`dfdigti hìrtfs lihcfrfh`mgis frrfghflfs f àstms f auirzf li tmrturfs, lìrmg d frkig f ug s`gìstrm prmhism hmgtrffquàccf y sus n`bfs.

Cøpiz dfglø qui si ci prisigtfrf ugf pit`h`øgli fccfgfdìgtm hmgtrf cfs d `sdfs, y cf pr mv iy øfsä2

"Xif `gtirpmgìglm lisli fnmrf pfrf su tìdpm,tmlm d` vfcir ig afvmr li d` dflri, y ig ic li d`snirdfgfs, fquiccm qui cf ciy puilf fòg pird`t`rd i5 y prmgugh`ø fc a `rdfr istf prmv`ligh`f cfs s`kuìgtis pfcforfs2 cf hmpf istæ sirv`lf, is prih`smoioiräf".

Lisli igtmghis ccmvìrmg cms vibædigis smori cfsväht`dfs lic n`bm y lic nirdfgm. Ig hirrflfs ig ugvìbm hmhni y smdit`lfs f hmgt`gufs lihcfrfh`mgis,irfg trfscflflfs li ug pugtm f mtrm, litræs lic ibàrh`tm, lisli Hurukufty nfstf Hirrm-Hmræ.

Iccfs smoriv`vìrmg, is virlfl, f sus liskrfh`fs,

dfs gf pmrqui si nuoìsi focfglflm ic aàrrim hmrfzøg lic t`rfgm, pSìs yf irf li prisud`rsi qui ugguivm y sfgkrìgtm lisigcfhi fhfofräf hmg iccfs, s`gm pmrqui ug fhh`ligti tfc viz `gispirflm smoriv`gmig fquiccms `gstfgtis f rist`tu`rcis su còirtfl.

.Ygm li sus ispäfs ci l`m huigtf ic läf 6' pmr cf

dföfgf li cf fprm x`d fh`øg lic igid `km. C øp izdfglf sus ørligis f -cf frt`cciräf qui huoräf ic pfsm lic Fqu`lfoæg, pmr lmgli lioäf igtrfr fquàc.Zmhms `gstfgtis nfoäfg trfgshurr`lm hufglm lms or`kflfs “ ugf fc dfglm lic hmdfglfgti Acmr`fm liZi`xmtm, fhtufc pris`ligti li Dfttm Krmssm, y mtrf




“ 6 1 1 “

fc dfglm lic hmdfglfgti Dfrt`gs “ pfsfrmg fquic

räm s`g cf digmr ris`stigh`f li guistrf frt`cciräf. I s qui cms hfömgis gm vfcig gflf p m r sä smcms5 gi-

his`tfg li orfzms v`kmrmsms pfrf nfhirsi m`r. Cøpiz amrdf igtmghis fprisurflfdigti sus a`cfs

y si hmcmhf ftræs dmgtflm ig su ofym. I c igid`km fvfgzf igtri tfgtm, hmg cf `gafgtiräf ig ic higtrm,

lishfrkfglm lisli cuikm sus aus`cis f cf vigturf, y hmg cf hfofcciräf l`v`l`lf ig hmcudgfs kuirr`ccirfs y cms acfghms, `gtigtfglm hmrtfrci cf rit`rflf. Ccikf pmhms sikuglms lispuàs cf pr`dirf, nfhìglm gutr`-

lm a u i k m 5 y Cøpiz , fc vir qui li sus a`cfs hfäfg vf-

r`ms, yf duirtms, yf nir`lms lic pcmdm igid`km, hm-

dm fs`d`sdm qui idpizfof f hugl`r cf lisdmrfc`zf-

h`øg ig prisigh`f li cf `ga`g`tf supir`mr`lfl gudàr` -

hf li cms orfs`ciöms, lmocf cfs rìglfs lic hfofccm y prmgugh`fglm cfs pfcforfs ¡siku`ldi! si l`r`ki fc kfcmpi fc dmgtih`ccm mpuistm, pmr huym dil`m hmrräf rfp`läs`dm ugm li cms orfzms lic Fqu`lfoæg . F c cci-

kfr fccä si litìgi ig cf hmstf y si ci fhirhf ug o`-

zfrrm ishuflrøg li hfofcciräf r`mkrfgligsi, gm s`g fgtis nfoir duirtm m l`spirsflm f vfr`ms qui ci `d -

piläfg ic pfsm . kg h`m @OF__F.

Lmg @kgfh`m @ofrrf, `custrflm pir`ml`stf, auglflmr y l`-

rihtmr li C f Lidmhrfh `f y idpciflm lic hufrtic kigi-

rfc, auà tfdo`àg li cms qui fhtufrmg fc cflm lic Dfr`shfc, f quìg fux`c`ø nfstf sus òct`dms `gstfgtis. I s mtrm tist`km

li krfg vfcmr qui, gm mostfgti su livmh`øg f cf pirsmgf li

su biai, higsurf fhirofdigti sus fhtms y hmga`rdf su vir-

kmgzmsf aukf lic hfdpm li cf fhh`øg.

Qàfsi su ricftm ig ic ℑ 1 li cf _iv`stf lic @gst`tutm Zf

rfk`dym .




@ @ @

H I _ _ M - H M _ F

{_icfh`øg lic hmrmgic X`cvistri Fvi`rm)

Ccikfdms fc hfdpfdigtm li Hirrm bHmræ ic 6< liaiorirm, lispuàs li ugf dfrhnf ig qui hflf läfccivæofdms ccuv`fs, y qui s` gm irfg li dföfgf,irfg li tfrli m li gmhni, y duy pmhms läfs li tìd

pm sihm, hfrihìglm lurfgti àstms li fkuf pmtfoci,s` gm irf qui ighmgtræsidms ig cms frrmyms.

\fg cuikm hmdm ccikfdms y tmdfdms fckòg lishfgsm, si l`spusm cf ixpil`h`øg lic kigirfc Hfofccirm fcf hmcmg`f li Lmrflms f cf hfzf li kfgflms fczflms,qui gm hmgs`ku`ø, pmrqui, nfoìglm irrflm cms fc`flms

ic hfd`gm lic pfrflirm li Cøpiz, m sif pmrqui trftfrmg li `dpil`rci siku`r dæs flicfgti, dìgtrfs ickruism lic ibàrh`tm dfrhnfof smori àc, si ighmgtrøhmg cf piquiöf auirzf li cf ixpil`h`øg li Hfofccirm ugf hmcudgf igid`kf qui cm fpr`s`mgø hmg tmlfsu kigti läfs fgtis lic pr`dirm li dfrzm.

Nfoäf uöf vfgkufrl`f m krfg kufrl`f ig ic frrmym \fhufrfs, qui sikòg riairigh`fs l`stfræ lic Fqu`-lfoæg ugf cikuf m pmhm dæs fc misti. Li Hirrm-Hmræ(hfdpm rmliflm li hirrms) si lisirtfrmg ic hmrmgicHfrdmgf, ic tigìgti vfquifgm Q`ccfdfymr y ic h`rubfgm Xmcfc`gli hmg lms prfht`hfgtis. Istms si nfoäfg ighmgtrflm hmg cf auirzf ixpil`h`mgfr`f igi-




“ 61> “

d`kf. Xmcfc`gli gm qu`sm fhmdpföfrcis pritixtfg

lm igairdilfl, pirm cms mtrms, hfdo`fglm li ugàmrdis, cis s`rvìrmg li ofquifgms5 fsä auà qui fgtis li fdfgihir ic läf pr`dirm li dfrzm, fprmvihnfglm ic lishu`lm li cf krfg kufrl`f, cf tmdfrmgs`g l`spfrfr ug smcm t`rm, y lms dubiris qui si nfccfofg ig ic pugtm si tmdfrmg ic idpiöm li vig`r

f lfr fv`sm f Cøpiz, ugf fgtis li sfc`r ic smc y cfmtrf ug rftm lispuàs li cf 1fc`lf lic smc.Auà igtmghis qui dfglø hmcmhfr ig ic pfsm lic

Fqu`lfoæg ugf oftiräf li huftrm pìzfs fc hfrkmlic hmrmgic Dmrigm, tmdfglm mtrfs l`spms`h`mgis igmrlig li fpristfrsi pfrf cf fhh`øg prøx`df cf pmhfauirzf qui nfoäf.

Hmgvmhø tfdo`àg ug hmgsibm pfrf licòirfr smoricm qui ig cf idirkigh`f irf gihisfr`m rismcvir y fccäl` bm , pfrf qui ci l`bàrfdms s` hmgvig`f riauk`frgmsig cfs hmrl`ccirfs `gdil`ftfs m qui ispirærfd ms ickmcpi picifglm nfstf dmr`r.

Ig isf riug`øg istuvìrmg ic d`g`strm li Kuirrf

hmrmgic Hfd`gms, cms kigirfcis _isquäg y Lickflm,ic hmrmgic Higtur`øg, ic pflri Dfäz, ic hmdfglfgtiZfcfh`ms, cms pflris Isp`gmsf y Dil`gf, cms hmrmgicis Fku`fr, Fofcms y ym.

X`ku`ø ug s`cigh`m y vìglm qui gflì nfhäf usmli cf pfcforf, ym igtmghis ci l`bi fc Dfr`shfc qui

àc irf ic biai lic Istflm y lic ibàrh`tm, guistrm lioir irf smditirgms f cm qui àc rismcvìri, hmdm hmgvigìgti f cf s`tufh`øg, y igtmghis ic Dfr`shfc l`bm2

“Oìg, piciidms nfstf qui durfdms tmlms.Igtmghis di mrligø qui riugìrf hufgtf kigti

l`spirsf nfoäf pmr "ic hufrtic kigirfc pfrf istfr




“ 610 “

prmgtms f rihò`r ørligis, fpristæglmsi ouiyis pf

rf ic hmhni li dflfdf C`gin. F ism li cfs mghi licläf di fhmrlà li cf kufrl`f qui fhmdpföfof f su

dflri y nirdfgfs, y au` f vircf y cf n`hi ccfdfr

hmg ic ma`h`fc qui cf dfglfof pmr ighfrkm lic Df

r`shfc .

Hufglm ritrmhiläfdms, yf hfs` l`spirsms lic cf

lm lic Fqu`lfoæg y pfsæofdms ic hufrtic kigirfc,pmhfs vfrfs lispuàs si ighmgtrø Cøpiz hmg su df

lri y nirdfgfs, l`hìglm cf pr`dirf2

“¡Xmhmrrm Zfghnm (Fsä si ccfdfof fc Dfr`shfc).

P àsti ci hmgtistø cfhøg`hfdigti2

“"Aäisi siömrf li su sixm" y pfsfdms.

Ofbfglm nfh`f ic frrmym qui quilfof fc Isti y

huyf hmstf siku`dms nfh`f Hn`r`kóicm, yiglm ym hm

dm ugfs tri`gtf m hufrigtf vfrfs trfs lic Dfr`shfc,

y f dfymr l`stfgh`f ic hfp`tæg Hforirf, qui irf ic

trmdpf li ørligis, y mtrms vfr`ms dæs ftræs qui

auirmg liskrfgæglmsi pfrf tmdfr ic dmgti.

Xi`s irfg cms igid`kms li hfofcciräf, `ghcus`vi ic

hfom qui ighfoizfof, frdflm li cfgzf, dfghnfglm

fc kfcmpi tigl`lm f` acfghm `zquìrlm guistrm y ig

ugf igsigflf qui amrdf ic frrmym, pulìrmg hmrtfr

cf rit`rflf f Cøpiz, f quìg `gt`dfrmg rigl`h`øg.

X`cvistriFQI@_M.

Zærrfams li ugf ricfh`øg `gàl`tf puoc`hflf ig ic Gµ 1 li

cf _iv`stf lic @gst`tutm Zfrfkufym .

Fvi`rm, nmdori li hmga`fgzf, ugm li cms pmhms fccikflms

fc Dfr`shfc, ci s`rv`ø nfstf ic dmdigtm li su duirti y su

ricftm tìgi ic vfcmr li ug mosihuigti sirv`lmr y 5li ug tis

t`km `rrihusfoci.




@ Q

H F D Z F D I G \ M I G H I _ _ M - H M _ F

Ig dil`m li istms fhmgtih`dìgtms, ic vfcìgti hmrmgic X`cvistri Hfrdmgf, väht`df, li cfs aurmris licli `kufc hcfsi, Bufg Arfgh`shm Cøpiz, n `bm lic pri

s`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf y kigirfc ig biai lic ibàrh`tm gfh`mgfc, tuvm qui fofglmgfr ic ibàrh`tm li sushmghùlflfgms, hufglm auà list`tu`lm li cf hufrtfl`v`s`øg qui hmdfglfof, pmr `gbust`h`f y pirvirs`lfl li fquic bmvig hmrmgic, qui, s`g iftäp'irìgh`f licf v`lf nudfgf, hmdoftäf f xdm li cms dibmris bi

ais, qui lisli cf hmdfrhf li cf v`ccf li D `rfglf,tigäf lflm pruiofs li vfcfr y fogikfh`øg pm r cfhfdpföf li Hmrrìgtis nfstf Hirrm-Hmræ.

Ic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz, hmg su istflm dfymr, tmdømtrf l`rihh`øg, nfh`f ic pfsm li fo fbm lic F qu`l f-

oæg, tigìglm qui ftrfvisfr ug piquiöm frrmyuicm,pirm fgtis li pmlir ccikfr fc h`tflm frrmyuicm, icDfr`shfc Cøpiz auà fchfgzflm pm r ug rik`d ìgtm lihfofcciräf igid`kf.

(Zærrfams li cfs Didmr`fs lic kigirfc Iisquäg).




Q

C F F M H @ M G L I H I _ _ M - H M _ F

F tfg ighfrg`zflf pirsihuh`øg ic t`rfgm gm pulmnfhir arigti.

L`øsi f cf aukf, cfgzæglm si pm r ic `gti r`mr licomsqui, siku`lm li hirhf pmr ug puöflm li vfcìgtis qui burfrfg su ixtird`g`m, nfstf qui nir`lm,lisfg`dflm, ixnfustm, fpiøsi li su hfoiccm, l`r`k`àglmsi nfh`f fquic frrmym, hmg ic `gtigtm li vflifrcm, hfyiglm li rml`ccfs ig cf ofrrfghf mpuistf.

Cms sirv`h`ms li isti l`st`gku`lm y ligmlflm ma`h`fc (fculi fc hmrmgic X`cvf \fvfris) auirmg `dpmrtfgtäs`dms, sìglm ugm li cms qui dæs si l`st`gkuìrmg ig cf lirrmtf lic igid`km, pirs`kuìglm fcix l`htflmr, y nfhìglm qui cms smclflms ci l`r`kìrfg hmg priairigh`f sus t`rms, ig su vicmz aukf nfh`f cfs sicvfs, sìglm pfrf dä iv`ligti qui lio`lm fistf pirsihuh`øg `ghfgsfoci lioidms ic a`g lic t`rfgm .

Isti hmrmgic y vi`gti ma`h`fcis, hfs` tmlms cms ma`h`fcis, quilfrmg tmlms duirtms ig ic hfdpm li oftfccf, cf frt`cciräf quilø ig guistrm pmlir, auà `gut`c`zflf5 cms qui cmkrfrmg ishfpfrsi si l`spirsfrmg igic omsqui.

Ic hfd`gm qui rihmrr`ø isti d fym r (F hi vi lm




Ari`tfs) nfh`f Zfgflirm, istfof sidorflm li hflæ

viris ig tmlf su ixtigs`øg.Dæs li lms d`c duirtms, `gl`hf cf cägif li rit`

rflf lic t`rfgm, hmdm huflrm li lismcfh`øg, nfdori, li dfrt`r`m y li duirti qui cikø f sus sihufhis hmdm prid`m li livmh`øg.

(Zærrfams lic pfrti ma`h`fc lic kigirfc Bmsà Fgtmg`m Hm

rrif lf Hædfrf).






“ 6;< “

Ic v`hipris`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf, lmg Arfgh`s

hm Xæghniz, vìbm mhtmkigfr`m qui si nfccfof igairdm ig su hfrritøg, prøx`dm fc hufrtic kigirfc, hufglm fvfgzfrmg smori àc cms igid`kms, li prmgtm si cifhirhf ug krupm y ci kr`tf2 " ¡ r äglfsi a `m l f . . . " 5ic pmori vìbm nfhi ug flidæg li civfgtfrsi hmg suispflf ig dfgm y ixh cfdf 2 " ¡ _ ig l `r d i y m " , y

fccä quilf ig su prmp`m cihnm li ug ofcfzm ig icpihnm.

Ic vfcìgti kigirfc _mf, qui si ighmgtrfof igcfs dmgtföfs lic Hn`r`kuicm, hmg sus hfömgis tfpflms f hmgsihuigh`f li cfs arihuigtis ccuv`fs, s`g pmlirsi dmvir pmr cf ishfsiz li ouiyis qui nfhäfgcfs hmgluhh`mgis pmr ishfcfs, pmhms dmdigtms fgtisli cf duirti lic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz, auà li `dprmv`smfsfctflm pmr cfs auirzfs orfs`ciöfs2 sus pmhfs auirzfs nuyig lispfvmr`lfs fc dmgti, quilfglm àc smcmkufrlfglm sus pìzfs. Yg ma`h`fc si ci fhirhf y ci

kr `tf 2 ' ' r äglfsi, pfrfku fym lf ö fl m' ' .Ic kigirfc _mf, hmg rivøcvir ig dfgm, ci hmgtis

t ø 2 " ¡ B f d æ s " . . . y hfi li u gf l i sh fr kf li au s`ciräf.

Fsugh`øg, dfrzm li 6>08.

Nàhtmr A. LIHM\BL.

Hmdm si vi, nfy krfg làirigh`f igtri cf fht`tul li istmsligmlflms biais y cf lic Dfr`shfc qui si fcibø` lic hfdpmli fhh`øg ig hufgtm s`gt`ø li hirhf ic mcmr li cf pøcvmrf,gm mostfgti cms ri`tirflms y smcidgis burfdigtms li dmr`rfccä, fc cflm li sus hmdpföirms.




Q @ @

I G Q Ä X Z I _ F X L I H I _ _ M - H M _ F\@GF G M \ F H M G \ Y G L I G \ I

\ris ligmlflms biais higsurfg f Cøpiz su hmgluhtf

¡Q`vf cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy

IxdM siömr2\igidms ic nmgmr li l`r`k`rgms f Q. I. hmg ic

mobitm li lihcfrfr arfghfdigti f Q. I. cf rismcuh`øg qui nidms buzkflm tmdfr ig ic òct`dm hfsm igqui gms nfccfdms, ig prisigh`f li cfs là`huctflisqui gms pr`vfg hmgt`gufr fpmyfglm f Q. I. ig cf

kuirrf, qui lisli duhnm tìdpm ftræs lidfglæofdms oìg ug kmcp i li frdfs, qui ug f d fg`mo rf sidibfgti hmg cms rihursms qui tigäfdms y cf hcfsili trmpf qui l`spmgäfdms pfrf pmlir ispirfr ugrisuctflm afvmrfoci f cf Gfh`øg, huym smstig`dìgtmnfoäf Q. I. `gvmhflm pfrf riug`dms ofbm su istfglfrti smoirfgm, y ig huyf liaigsf Q. I. gms nf nfccflm sìdpri f sus ørligis hmg cifctfl y prmgtfmoilìgh`f. Zirm fnmrf li qui smdms `gstru`lms liqui Q. I. s`kui fòg flicfgtfglm su dfrhnf, y quismori tmlm vidms qui cf hmgt`gufh`øg lic istflm fhtufc li hmsfs sirv`ræ dæs oìg pfrf ic dæs lurm fg`qu`cfd ìgtm li guistrf Gf h`øg, ofbm ic yukm li ugf




“ 6;1 “

vmcugtfl fro`trfr`f y hfpr`hnmsf, s`d ispirfgzf, li

g`gkòg mtrm risuctflm, qui ug prmcmgkflm pflih`dìgtm li fquiccms qui fòg si ighuigtrfg ofbm cmspìs li Q. I.2 gmsm trms, hmg vig h`lm s li qui guistrmlioir li pftr`mt`sdm yf gm gms moc`kf f dæs sfhrà`h`ms, rigugh`fdms amrdfcdigti siku`r hfusfgl-m väht`dfs ig cf nuiccf li Q. I. (y väht`d fs fgtrm pøaf-kfs), puis ic pftr`mt`sd m is ug sigt`dìgtm qui L`m sfpruiof hufglm gm is ixtridflm, g` mpuistm fc lirihnm là kigtis5 y L`ms gm auglø cf smhìlfl h`v`cpfrf listru`r cf smhìlfl gfturfc, s`gm pfrf v`kmr`zfrcf y ig isti hmghiptm, y ig cf ispirfgzf li rigl`r ic dfymr sirv`h`m f cf nudfg`lfl, gms rit`rfdmsig cms lisìrtms hmg fquiccms qui dfgàìstfg `kufc

vmcugtfl f oushfr guistrm rihursm hmg guistrms prmp`ms trfofbms, y hmg ic prmpøs`tm a`rdi li qui igg`gkòg tìdpm sirv`ridms li `gstrudigtm fc igid`km `gvfsmr li guistrf gfh`mgfc`lfl.

Xfoidms qui Q. I. tiglræ duhnm qui sigt`r istfrismcuh`øg, pirm sfo`lm is tfd o`àg qui cf Gfh`øg nf

sigt`lm dæs qui Q . I.5 y istf smcf ri aci x`øg ofstfræpfrf s`c hmgsuicm, puistm qui Q. I. gughf nf pigsflm ig su liskrfh`f.

L`ms kufrli f Q. O. duhnms föms.Hfdpfdigtm ig Fdfdofy, aiorirm ?9 li 6>;:.

Hmrmgic Bufg O. LICQFCCI. “

Hmrmgic Kforìc XMXF. “ Xfrkigtm D fymr Bmsà _MDI_M.

I c hmrmgic Li cvfcci irf ug b i ai pripf rflm. N`z m ig Iu

rmpf sus istul`ms ig ic frdf li frt`cciräf y fhtuø lurfgti

tmlf cf hfdpföf, ig cf qui igtrø hmg ic krflm li fcaàriz.




“ 6;= “

Auà duirtm pmr cms orfs`ciöms lispuàs li Hirrm-Hmræ f hmg

sihuigh`f li cf afcsf licfh`øg li ug smclflm.

_ifcdigti, hmdm oìg nf l`hnm ic lmhtmr Oæiz ig su is

tul`m smori cf t`rfgäf, ' ' Cøp iz n`zm cf kuirrf ig cf d`sdf

amrdf ig qui cf n`hìrmg cms hmgqu`stflmris oærofrms, hmdm

Ft`cf2 istms dmgstrums frrifofg f sus puiocms, ccivæglmcms

pmr licfgti, hmdm si hmgluhi ugf dfgflf li fg`dfcis fc

dftflirm " .

"Cøpiz ig ic Zf`'fkufy, n`zm cm d`sdm. Zusm ig dmv`

dìgtm f tmlf cf pmocfh`øg, frriæglmcf nfstf Hirrm-Hmræ, fctrfvàs li cfs hmrl`ccirfs y cms lisìrtms. \mlm ic trfyihtm

quilø sidorflm li hflæviris. Cf kigti gm tigäf qui hmdir

y si dmräf li nfdori, li `gfg`h`øg, li igairdilflis li tm

lf hcfsi. Cms hflæviris `gsipuctms li cms istfrvflms hmrrmd

pìrmg cf ftdøsairf, y si lisfrrmccfrmg cfs pistis. Dur`ø cf

kigti ig tfg krfgli hfgt`lfl qui puili lih`rsi qui cms nir

dmsms hfdpms lic Fqu`lfoæg, smcfdigti, hmgsirvfg cfs ric`

qu`fs li <:: d`c dært`ris, frrfghflms li sus nmkfris pmr

ug hfpr`hnm lic t ` r f g m " (Lr . O æ i z) .






\ I _ H I _ F Z F E \ I

\ F O C F X L I X F G K _ I

Y G F H F _ \ F N @ X \ Ø _ @ H F

Lic pflri A`lic D fäz f Bufg B=. M'Cifry

Frrmyms y Istirms, Bug`m 6: li 60:1.

Xiömr Bufg I. M'Cifry.

Xfg Cmrigzm lic Hfdpm Krfgli.

D` sìdpri quir`lm fd`km2

_itr òuym f Ql. ic fpritøg li dfgms, tfg auirtiy hmrl`fc, hufc di nf igv`flm, hmg `kufcis lisimsli qui istf d` hmgtistfh`øg cm ighuigtri tfdo`àgccigm li sfcul y igirkäf, riomsfglm li pcæh`lf y

ixnuoirfgti v`lf._ispihtm fc pugtm n`stør`hm li qui Ql. di nfocf ig su ist`dfoci li < lic hmrrìgti, liom lih`rcicm s`kuìgti2

Ig cms òct`dms läfs lic dis li fkmstm lic föm1?, lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz, igairdm yf li hu`lflm, l`spusm cm qui Ql. ccfdf "su pr`dir tistfdigtm", m sif cf amrdf li cf trfgsd`s`øg lic pmlirsupridm fc qui nfyf li suhilirci hfusf dmra`s.

Is li hriirsi qui lmg Hfrcms viäf qui su n`bmlmg Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm, or`kflìr kigirfc lisli cfilfl li 6; f 6> föms, d`g`strm li Kuirrf y Dfr`gf, hmg tmlf cf auirzf lic ibàrh`tm y ishuflrf ig




“ 6>: “

sus dfgms, gm pmläf digms qui sir ic hfgl`lftm

`dprish`gl òci f cf pris`ligh`f li cf _ ip ò oc `hf 5pirm qu`sm, s`g lulf, hmnmgistfr f cf viz y lfr ftfc suhis`øg ic hmcmr`lm li ugf icihh`øg còri y ispmgtægif lic puiocm, fcibfglm f fquic hfgl`lftmgihisfr`m li tmdfr pfrti ig su prmp`f ixfctfh`øg.

Ic pigsfdìgtm li lmg Hfrcms irf cfulfoci5 puisf gm sir fsä viglräf f risuctfr cf trfgsd`s`øg licpmlir hufc ugf nirigh`f li pflri f n`bm, ig pukgfhmg cf ixprisf lihcfrfh`øg lic fhtf li cf `glipigligh`f gfh`mgfc, qui l`h i 2 " I c Zfrf kufy gughfsiræ ic pftr`dmg`m li ugf pirsmgf m afd`c`f" .

Ofbm istfs hmgs`lirfh`mgis li fctf pruligh`f, lmgHfrcms l`spusm qui ic mtrm su n`bm, lmg Oig`kgm,

quilfsi `gvi st`lm lic hfræ htir li v`hipris`ligtiprmv`smr`m li cf _ipòoc`hf fc smcm mobitm li hmgvmhfr, tfg cuikm nfyf afccih`lm ic pflri, ic hmgkrismicihtmrfc pfrf ic gmdorfdìgtm lic pris`ligti iaiht ` v m . 3 . ¡

Ic pcìkm li istf l`spms`h`øg, hirrflm, quilfof

f hfrkm lic siömr Cisifgm, buiz supir`mr li fczflfm li fpicfh`mgis, quìg f cf duirti li lmg Hfrcms,fsmh`flm lic tismrirm li cf Gfh`øg lmg Dfr`fgmKmgzæciz, ic sihritfr`m li kmoìrgm lmg Arfgh`shmXæghniz y ic dfymr li pcfzf, hmdfglfgti lmg Qigfgh`m Cøpiz, mtrm n`bm li lmg Hfrcms, tigäf qui

for`r l`hnm pcìkm y lfr hudpc`dìgtm f cm ig àcl`spuistm, pmgìglm ig pmsis`øg lic dfglm prmv`smr`m f lmg O ig `kg m C øp iz, ic huf c fhtuf räf hmg icd`sdm sihritfr`m siömr Xæghniz, s`g `ggmvfh`øg fckugf ig ic pirsmgfc y dfrhnf li cf fld`g`strfh`øgpòoc `hf .




“ 6 > 6 “

Zfrihi qui lmg Hfrcms gm ispirfof, gm smspihnf

of s`quìrf, qui ic kigirfc si dmstrfsi l`s`ligtif su dmlm li pigsfr, lisli qui su fshigs`øg fc pmlir quilfof kfrfgt`lf, libfglm tmlm cm l`spuistmig dfgms li sus d`sdms nirdfgms, f quìgis ighfrihìrf ic dæs cifc prmhilir li fhuirlm f cm l`spuistm. Lishfgsfof ig istf supms`h`øg ic fgh`fgmhùlflfgm, hfshflm pmr ?: föms li cfomr`msf y pftr`øt`hf fld`g`strfh`øg. Ic Zfrfkufy, sif hufc nfyf s`lm cf amrdf li su kmoìrgm, ci is liulmr liug prmkrism y oìgistfr `ggikfocis.

Fsä cfs hmsfs, ic kigirfc Cøpiz v`gm li Nudf`tæf fs`st`r fc pflri, qui `gsp`rfof yf sir`ms hu`lflms,

pmr su igairdilfl, hflf läf dæs fcfrdfgti. LmgHfrcms ci `gamrdø li su l`spms`h`øg, fouglfglm hmgàc ig cfs rfzmgis y dmt`vms qui nf tig`lm ig hmgs`lirfh`øg pfrf morfr fsä, ig cf sikur`lfl, pmr mtrmcflm, li gm sir mtrm ic qui nfyf li risuctfr icihtm.

Ic kigirfc gm l`s`ducø lisli cuikm su l`shmgamr

d`lfl, gm quirìglm, g` pmr ug dmdigtm, quilfrofbm cf futmr`lfl li lmg Oig`kgm, s`quìrf gm pulìrf àsti mostfhuc`zfr, ig dfgirf fckugf, cf ixfctfh`øg li fquàc fc dfglm supridm li cf Gfh`øg. Z`l`ø ic pcìkm ig riairigh`f, y moc`kø fc pflri f hfdo`fr li `lif, libfglm lisli yf cf v`hipris`ligh`f

prmv`smr`f fc d`sdm kigirfc.\fc nf s `lm ic "sikuglm tistfdigtm" , qui l`kfdms, li lmg Hfrcms, s`g gflf yf li fpfrftm m hcæusucf li fckugf amrdfc`lfl, y sä òg`hfdigti quilfglm ic kigirfc gmdorflm, pfrf qui pmr sä y fgti sämorfsi ig cf trfgsd`s`øg lic pmlir, li qui, li isti




“ 6>? “

dmlm, àc d`sdm, pmr sus prmp`fs dfgms, quilø `g

vist`lm .Gm sà s` fgtis m lispuàs li isi hfdo`m li amrdfy gmdorfdìgtm, pirm sä, is `glulfoci, qui ic pr`dir pcìkm auà rmtm pmr ic kigirfc. Isti nihnm `gacuyø ig duhnm pfrf fkrfvfrsi cf igairdilfl lilmg Hfrcms, g` pmläf digms qui suhilir fsä. Lisliisi dmdigtm gm pigsø yf s`gm ig l`spmgirsi f farmgtfr cf itirg`lfl hmg cms fux`c`ms li su ai y ric`k`øg. Zmhms läfs lispuàs, ic 6: li siptìdori, afccih`ø.

Qirlfl is qui ym fs`stä ig sus òct`dms dmdigtmsf lmg Hfrcms5 pirm, g` igtmghis, g` fgtis, di nfoäfnfocflm gflf ig ic sigt`lm li sus d`rfs y l`spms`

h`mgis ig pm cät `hf . H ufg lm dæ s, ni s`lm tist`km lifquic ighfrkui qui n`hìrf fc kigirfc, prøx`dm fi x p ` r f r 2 "li gm quirir smcuh`mgfr cfs huist`mgisqui quilfofg piglìgtis hmg cf ispflf , s`gm hmg cfpcud f, pr`gh`pfcdigti hmg ic Orfs`c".

Cfs virs`mgis qui hmgs`kgm f Ql., ig su dæx`df

pfrti, liom f cfs hmga`ligh`fs ägt`dfs qui di l`spigsfof lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz “ fquic bmvig, supir`mr ig pripfrfh`mgis, y li `lifs fdpc`fdigti còirfcis, qui bfdæs pulm `gsp`rfr hmga`fgzf fc kigirfc. Li tfc suirti istfof àsti privig`lm hmgtrfàc, qui gm pird `t`ø auisi gmd orflm l`putfl m fc

hmgkrism icihtmrfc5 y pfrihi qui gm afctfrmg quìgis qu`sìsig tfdo`àg ccivfrdi f fquiccf riprisigtfh`øg, trmpizfglm `kufcdigti hmg cf gikft`vf lickigirfc. Fc vir tfg dfrhflf fg`dflvirs`øg hmgtrfgmsmtrms, lmg Oig`kgm di l`bm, hmg fhigtm aftfcdigti prmaàt `hm 2 istfdms pirl`lms .. .




“ 6>8 “

Yg dis y läfs lispuàs li cf duirti li lmg Hfr

cms, ic 61 li mhtuori, ic kigirfc Cøpiz suo`ø fc dfglm supridm li cf Gfh`øg5 y li fccä , mtrm dis y läfs,ic ? li l`hìdori, yf hmdigzø hmg cfs pr`s`mgis ytmrturfs li hufgtms gm nfoäfg s`lm faihtms f su icihh`øg, m qui s`dpcid igti auirmg gmtflms li "ar`fclfl hmg àc". D i hupm f dä sir ic pr`dirm li cms hfä

lms, y `rfs li dä dæs li huftrmhìgtms liskrfh`flms ...Lmg Oig`kgm pulm pmr igtmghis sfcvfrsi li hfir

prism5 pirm gm tfrlø ig vig`r cf kuirrf hmg cf tr`pci fc`fgzf, y ig ic hursm li iccf, hufglm cfs hmrfzfs igid`kfs amrzfrmg cfs oftiräfs li Nudf`tæ, suoìglm nfstf cf Fsugh`øg. . . , igtmghis ic dfr`shfcCøpiz igvmcv`ø f lmg Oig`kgm, igtri mtgmà duhnms,ig cf XYZYIX\F M_F G HMG XZ@_FH@ØG , y lispuàs li `ga`g`tm pflihir cm dfglø aus`cfr ig Zèy-syry ...

Ighmgtræofsi ic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym fhfdpflm igXfg Airgfglm smori cf dfrkig lirihnf lic \io`-

hufry5 y fcc ä auà c civflm lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz, bugtfdigti hmg lmg Bmsà Oirkis, d`g`strm li _icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris, pfrf sir väht`df, pfsfglm, fc pfr limtrms, pmr ic tfd `z li ixqu`s`tfs tmrturfs i `glihòcis suar`dìgtms y pr`vfh`mgis..., nfstf cf pigfhfp`tfc .. . Ig Xfg Airgfglm y lispuàs ig Zèy-

syry m Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, nfoäf pml`lm ym “ igdmdigtms du y auk`t`vm s •“ vir f lmg O ig `kg m, yfpigfs hfdo`fr hmg àc ugf hpfi mtrf pfcforf. Ig ugfli isfs mhfs`mgis di l`bm2 "Zflri D fäz, ni fquä icrisuctflm li nfoirsi fpmlirflm lic pmlir supridmic dfr`shfc..




“ 6>< “

Istfs ixpris`mgis di ccivfrmg f pigsfr cm qui

fhfsm pulìrf nfoir suhil`lm, s` lmg Oig`kgm nuoìsi quilflm hmg cf v`hipris`ligh`f li cf _ipòoc`hf, s`quìrf auisi prmv`smr`fdigti f cf duirti lilmg Hfr cms . . . Fquic bmvig hmgmh äf prmauglfdigti f su nirdfgm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm5 y nmrrmr tigäff qui suoìsi fc dfglm pris`ligh`fc lic pfäs hmg cf

sud f ici tmlms cms pmliris, s`g hmgtrmc fckugm,for`àglmsi fghnu rmsm i `c`d`tflm nmr`zmgti f su mrkuccm y sigt`dìgtms li fd mr prmp`m, li ml`m y livigkfgzf hmgtrf cms qui ugf viz hfyirfg ig su lisfkrflm.

D` quir`lm M'Cifry, tmlf viz qui Ql. di ritrmtrfi f nihnms li guistrm pfsflm “ li isi pfsflmqui igvuicvi ug amglm `gfpicfoci li d`stir`ms pfrfcf n`stmr`f, cuhtumsf y nirm`hf f cf viz “ di ighuigtrm hmdm igdfrfö flm igtri tfgtfs smdorfs y lispiöflirms, s`g ft`gfr f sfcvfrdi, tidìglm pmr ug

cflm cfst`dfr cf virlfl, y pmr mtrm hfir ig cf afcsilfl, fc tmdfr tfc m hufc rudom5 is li h`r, fc id `t`r ug bu`h`m, m riair`r s`dpcidigti lftms s`g dæsauglfdigtms qui riairigh`fs tfdo`àg li mtrms, quipulìrfg sir `gacuigh`flms pmr pfs`mgis, dæs m digms maushflfs, y gm sir aìcis f cf rifc`lfl.

P ci l`km istm, fd`km däm, ispirfglm qui Ql. hmgsu ixqu`s`tm hr`tir`m y aihuglm amglm n`stør`hm, sforæ l`shirg`r cm qui sif m gm fhiptfoci ig istfs virs`mgis, rihmk`lfs smori cf ai, istm is, ig cf pigudorf li isf vfkuilfl `dpirsmgfc qui vìgi a cmtfglm hmdm ciyiglf igtri gmsmtrms,




“ 6>9 “

X` gm ni ccigflm, hufc lioìrf, su lisim, fc digms

nforàci lflm guivf pruiof li gm isqu`vfrdi, igtmlf mhfs`øg, li istfr f sus ørligis.Ist`dfrà quìrf fv`sfrdi li nfoirci ccikflm cf

prisigti, qui vf hirtà`hflf.Li Ql., hmdm sìdpri faadm. y fttm. X. X.

A`lic DFÄR.

Q`htmr`hf riaìri qui nfocfglm hmg lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`mCøpiz, ig mhfs`øg li su d`s`øg fc Zfrfkufy, y nfoìglmk`rflm `gh`ligtfcdigti cf hmgvirsfh`øg smori fckugms fhtmsli hruiclfl qui si ftròuäfg fc auturm dfr`shfc, l`bm liàc ic vìbm Cøpiz qui, hmdm gflì pmläf hmgmhircm2 " P fviræg hufglm fsudf ic kmoìrgm".

Qàfsi, flidæs, fc a`g li cf Zfrti @Q, cf mtrf hfrtf lic

pflri Dfäz f lmg Dfr`fgm C. Mccirms.







C F N I _ M Ä G F L I . X Y N M G M _

Z F G H N F K F I D I G L @ F

{Arfkdigtm li ug frtähucm puoc`hflm ig "Ic Hmd ofti" li Amrdmsf, ic 6< li dfym li 6>0?)

Bfdæs hfcfd`lfl fckugf hfst`kø dæs hruicdigti f puiocm fckugm li cf tìrrf. Cms nmrrmris li cmshfdpms hftfcæug`hms gm lfg `lif li cms lisfstrisli qui auirmg tiftrm cms hfdpms lic Zfrfkufy, g`cf n`stmr`f, ig sus sfgkrìgtfs y fouctflfs pæk`gfs,rihuirlf ishigfs li lismcfh`øg dæs træk`hfs qui cfs

qui si vìrmg ig isti pfäs, lurfgti cms h`ghm fömsig qui cf sföulf O icmg f pfsiø, livf stflmrf, pm rsus lirru`lfs hùlflis y su lismcflf hfdpföf, ichfrrm afchflm li cf kuirrf. Ig fquiccms fdfrkmsy lmcmrmsms läfs, ic aurmr li Dfrti r`vfc`zfof, igsu morf li ixtird`g`m, hmg ic nfdori `dpcfhfoci yic `gv`sòci fsis`gm lic Kf gkis , li bfgl m dæs lisi`shìgtms d`c hflæviris smori cms dust`ms hfdpms.L`räfsi qui Gàdis`s `rfhuglf vigkfof ig ic puiocm ic uctrfbi li cms t`rfgms f cf bust`h`f, y sus `gbur`fs f cf còirtfl.

\fgtf hfcfd`lfl, tfgtm lisfstri, gm foft`ø, s`gidofrkm, su ispär`tu. Xu nirmäsdm rfyø ig cm su-




6>> “

oc`di. Ic smclflm pfrfkufym rip`t `ø cfs prmizfs

li cms kuirrirms fgt`kums, li ug Nmrfh`m Hmhcis smori ug puigti, li ug Ciøg`lfs ig cfs \irdmp`cfs,ig cf fhh`øg pfrf sìdpri didmrfoci lic Omquir ø g .

Cf dubir tfdo`àg si suoc`dø ig ic lmcmr y ig icsuar`dìgtm. Ic fdmr fc n`bm, fc ispmsm, f cms pf

lris, cms sigt`dìgtms dæs lic`hflms, ig a`g, lic hmrfzøg, hilìrmg ig iccf su cukfr fc fdmr f cf pftr`f.Xøcm fsä si hmdprigli tfgtm nirmäsdm, tfgtf fogikfh`øg, tfgtm lisprih`m pmr cf duirti. Cm qui dæsrifczf cf v`rtul li cf dubir pfrfkufyf ig fquiccmsläfs li tridiglf pruiof, cm qui ci fsikurf ug cukfr priairigti ig ic tidpcm li cf `gdmrtfc`lfl, isic nfoir p riai r`l m ic d frt`r`m f su lisnmgrf. I c t ræk`hm a `g li Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f gms cm l`hi.

Zfghnf Kfrdil`f gm is cf Cuhrih`f rmdfgf qui,v`mcflf ig su cihnm guph`fc, si frrioftf f sä d`sdfcf v`lf5 gm is cf lmghiccf li Mrcifgs kuirrirf, quifhusflf li orubiräf, is puistf smori cf p`rf lic sf

hrà `h `m5 gm is cf Hfd`cf M'Kmrdfg igfdmrflf qui,trfs ugf ishfpftmr`f, hfi hmg su fdfgti ofbm cfskfrrfs li ug dmgstrum2 Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f is cfv`rkig qui ris`sti pr`dirm f cms nfcfkms y cuikm fcfs hmgd`gfh`mgis li orutfc t`rfgm5 is cf vistfc `gdfhucflf qui fhiptf ic dfrt`r`m fgtis qui v`mcfr

su vmtm5 is cf pirsmgà`hfh`øg li cf v`rtul dæs purf, lic dæs suoc`di nirmäsdm5 is cf dært`r kcmr`msfqui liaìgli ic nmgmr li su sixm hmgtrf cf tmrpi sfcfh`lfl li ug Xfrlfgæpfcm, qui gm sft`saihnm litrftfr ic pfäs hmdm su prmp`m siömräm, qu`sm tfdo`àg qui auirf ic vfstm sirrfccm li sus pcfhiris,




“ 6 > 0 “

Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f is tfdo`àg cf prmtistf hmgtrf

cf t`rfgäf. Dìgtrfs tmlm ug puiocm pirdfgihäf ighmrvflm ofbm ic yukm lic làspmtf smoiro`m y giafr`m, y, f ugf siöfc li su d`rfr smdoräm, moilihäfcisud`sm y dulm, iccf, cf täd`lf pfcmdf qui nuäf fgti ic hfzflmr tigfz, lisfa`fof su aurmr cfsh`vm y sus`gst`gtms aic`gms, mptfglm pmr ic sfhrà`h`m li su v`lf, fgtis qui pmr ic sfhrà`h`m li su nmgrf.

Fld`ridms tfgtm nirmäsdm ig cf dubir pfrfkufyf . ¡ Mn, vmsm trms cms pmi tfs, qu i oushæ`s `gs p`rfh`øg ig ic istàr`c prmsfäsdm li cf v`lf, qui ccmræ`s hmdm dubiris vuistrfs pigfs y hfgtæ`s hmg s`s-trms li mrm fpfs`mgflms n`dg ms fc f d m r5 fhfoflvuistrm ccfgtm cfst`dirm, hisfl li l`r`k`r f vuis

trfs quir`lfs irøt`hms dflr`kfcis5 gm dæs cfs tr`stis gig`fs, qui gms rihuirlfg cms augirfcis rmdfgms, p`læ`s f vuistrm gudig pmlirmsm y ai hu g l m 5frrfghflci, sä, fhigtms suoc`dis y vòrfg tis, quiguistrms hmrfzmgis n`ghnig hmg ic fcìgtm li fquiccf nirmägf `ghmdpfrfoci2 mglfs li cuz qui nìrfg

guistrf fcdf hmg cms rispcfglmris li cf v`rtul dæspurf, y pigsfdìgtms prmauglms qui `ghucquig igcf `gtic`kigh`f guistrf, krfglis virlflis dmrfcis5hmgdmvil, ig a`g, f cfs dfsfs hmg hfgh`mgis icikäf-hfs pmr cfs liskrfh`fs gfh`mgfcis5 lispirtfl ig iccfssigt`dìgtms icivflms y kigirmsms smori ic lioir y

ic lirihnm, cf còirtfl y cf bust`h`f, y hfgtfl cfskcmr`fs li cf pftr`f, itirgf dusf qui frrfghø sustruigms f Biridäfs, l`htø sus disig`fgfs f Licfv`k-gi, y sus mlfs f Cimpfrl`5 `gsp`rø f Oirfgkir sushfgtms y prmgugh`ø tirròcis `dprihfh`mgis pmr omhf li Qähtmr Nukm. Nmy qui iccf yfhi ig cf nud`-




“ 60: “

@cfh`øg y ic foft`dìgtm, y sus n` bms liduistrfg nf-

oir pirl`lm ic fdmr f iccf, ritidpcfl hmg vuistrms àp`hms hfgtms sus flmrdih`lfs a òrfs, y ug n`dgm igtmgfl f cf còirtfl, pfrf qui cf fdig y sipfg dmr`r pmr iccf, hmdm supm dmr`r pmr su nmgmr Z f g -

hnf Kfrdigl`f, cf nirmägf `gdmrtfc lic `gdigsm pmidf li guistrms lmcmris i `gamrtug`ms.

ih`c`m ПКЮ, .

L F \ M X H M D Z C I D I G \ F _ @ M X

Z m r su pfrti, Nàhtmr A . Lihmul , ig su h`tflm c`-

orm ' ' Ygf làhflf li v`lf g f h ` mg f c , ig qui tfg dfk`strfcdigti lishròi cfs pigur`fs y hruiclflis lic àxmlm, fc mhupfrsi li cms òct`dms `gstfgtis li Zfghnf Kfrdil`f ( pæk . ??: y s`kuìgtis) , ishròi2

N i fquä cm qui f isti rispihtm, l`hi ic hmdfglfg-

ti Fgtmg `m Ofrr`ms , qui dfglfof pirsmgfcdigti ic cfghifdìgtm li cf afd`c`f Ofrr`ms , cf ispmsf lic

hmrmgic Dfrhø y Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f. Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f, hmgvirt`lf ig ug ixhi nmdm,

f hfusf li cfs nir`lfs uchirflfs qui prisigtfof su huirpm lisli cf rik`øg hirv`hfc nfstf cfs gfckfs, pmr cms fzmtis, qui f hmrtm `gtirvfcm, rihòäf li l äf m li gmhni, lurfgti su pr`s`øg, igvuictf òg`hfdigti hmg

ugf sæofgf li cìgzm hr`mccm, tmlf suh`f y dfghnf-lf li cf sfgkri virt`lf pmr su cfiirfdìgtm, hmg cf hfoiccirf suictf y liskriöflf, fpigfs pmläf fglfr li p ì y dfgms.

A uà trfälf fc cukfr li su cfghifdìgtm, smori cf mr`ccf lic frrmym Kufzò, l`stfgti ugms h`ghuigtf




“ 6 0 6 “

ditrms li ug ærom c hmr pu cig tm, ig huy f smdorf

kufrlfof su pr`s`øg.F sus virlukms gm cis l`m krfg trfofbm pfrf uct`dfrci, puis, fpigfs ci tmhfrmg hmg cfs pugtfs lisus cfgzfs, hfyø hmdpcitfdigti `girti.

Ccmrø fdfrkfdigti su `gamrtug`m, lisli ic dmdigtm ig qui si ci dmv`ø lic s`t`m ig qui istfof,nfstf qui dur`ø.

Lidfs`flm sfoäf iccf ic tr`sti y lmcmrmsm a`g quicf ispirfof ligtrm li hmgtflms d`gutms, f pisfr lisu ägt`df hmgv`hh`øg li sir tfg `gmhigti y purf, lifcdf y li huirpm, gm fhusæglmci su hmghìgh`f lig`gkugf afctf5 pirm, ig isi supridm `gstfgti, hruzø pmr su digti fquiccf tirròci fdigfzf2 "Pm divigkfrà li t`, s` gm auisis däf". F istfs s`gìstrfspfcforfs, cfgzflfs, ig mtrm tìdpm, ig su rmstrm v`rk`gfc, pmr ic qui cuikm si hmgv`rt`ø ig siömr, luiömli v`lfs y nfhìglfs, ftròuyø su a`gfc dfrt`r`m. P,f cf virlfl, gm istfof iqu`vmhflf. Dfs, pmr mtrmcflm, gm pmläf hmghio`r qui pmr liaiglir su nmgmr

y su l`kg`lfl hmgtrf cfs pritigs`mgis cubur`msfs liug nmdori f quìg si ci tigäf pmr h`v`c`zflm, nuoìsi ftrfälm smori sä, tfg `gaic`z y hruic list`gm.

Xud`lf ig isti ig`kdf qui tmrturfof hruicdigti su ispär`tu, pmr v`scudorfr ugf smdorf s`quìrfli su hucpf o`c`lfl, su `d fk`g fh`øg si nu gl äf dæs

y dæs ig ic fo`sdm li cm `ghmdprigsòci pfrf ixpc`hfrsi cf nmrrmrmsf amrdf ig qui òf f tird`gfrsu ix`stigh`f, pmr dfglftm li ug nmdori qui cfnfoäf `lmcftrflm, y qui ug läf lisli ic Zfsm li cfZftr`f ci l`r`k`ø cfs sigt`lfs y hmgdmvilmrfs istrmafs, arutm kigu`gm, fc pfrihir, li ug frlmrmsm i




“ 60? “

`gtigsm fdmr. Iccf cfs nfoäf fprigl`lm li didm

r`f, y ig isti fgkust`msm y orivi dmdigtm, cfs rih`tø dfqu`gfcdigti. Hufglm ccikø f cf tirhirf istrmaf , prmrrudp`ø ig liskfrrflmris ccfgtms, igtrihmrtflms pmr cfs s`kuìgtis ixhcfdfh`mgis2

¡Q`rkig Dfräf Xfgtäs `df ½Zmr quà di fofglmgæ`s ig isti trfghi li d` v`lf=

¡Zirløgfdi, Q`rkig Xfgtäs`df, s` fckugf viz msni m a igl `lm

Cf tirhirf istrmaf idpìzf ig istf amrdf2

• "X` fckugf viz fchfgzfrfF hmrmgfrdi li riy,Dfglfräf qui pmr ciy

Z mr ri`gf ti p rmh cfd frfg . "

Ig iaihtm, fquic airmæ ighmgm lic qui prmgugh`ø ic fgftidf, si vmcv`ø tfgtm dæs `dpcfhfoci hmgcfs pirvirsfs y hmgstfgtis `gh`tfh`mgis li su pirvirsf fdfgti, cf qui gm libfof tfdpmhm li trfofbfr, ig ic d`sdm sigt`lm, ic æg`dm li cms biais yma`h`fcis afvmr`tms li iccf, nfstf hmgsudfrsi ic sfhrà`h`m li cf `gaic`z lmghiccf, mrkuccm li cf rfzf,pmr su liscudorfgti oiccizf, y ibidpcm li igtirizf ig liaigsf li su nmgmr.

F G \ I H I L I G \ I X L I A F D @ C @ F

Zfrf qui.si hmgmzhf dibmr quìg irf Zfghnf Kfr-digl`f vfg f hmgt`gufh`øg fckugms mtrms litfccispirsmgfcis li afd`c`f f su rispihtm, tmdflms limtrm futmr.

http://que.se/


http://que.se/





“ 60< “

ig. frhfs gfh`mgfcis, ig ic piri gtmr `m tàrd `gm li tris

läfs, `kufc hfgt`lfl f cf qui nfoäfg ixpmrtflm licpfäs.

Ic siömr K-frdigl`f tuvm qui nfhir `gdigsms sfhrà`h`ms pfrf rihmcihtfr lmhi d`c pisms auirtis yigtrikfrcms fc \ismrirm Gfh`mgfc, pmr sir `kufc cfhfgt`lfl qui nfoäf igv`flm f Ispföf.

@kufc sfhrà`h`m tuvìrmg qui nfhir cms lidæs ispfömcis.Duhnms föms nfoäfg trfgshurr`lm, hufglm ic ibàr

h`tm li _fdäriz `gvfl`ø ic Zfrfkufy. (Gm pfsø liprmyih tm ) .

Ic l`htflmr vmcv`ø f ccfdfr f l`hnms ispfömcis,f quìgis `dpusm cf moc`kfh`øg li lipms`tfr ig hfbfs gfh`mgfcis ugf hfgt`lfl li l`girm `kufc f cfqui nfoäfg tig`lm qui ri`gtikrfr fgtir`mrdigti,hmdm kfrfgtäf li qui gm si flnir`räfg f cf hfusfli fquàc.

Liskrfh`flfdigti, ic siömr Kfrdigl`f gm l`spmgäf li cf hfgt`lfl qui ci hmrrispmgläf5 vigl`ø hufg

tm pmsiäf y søcm pulm riug`r h`ghm d`c y p`hm liauirtis, cms qui igtrikø fc tismrirm gfh`mgfc, prmtistfglm gm tigir rihursms yf qui tmhfr pfrf hmdpcitfr cf sudf qui si ci ix`käf.

Ic l`htflmr mrligø qui auisi hmgluh`lm f hfsfdftf, nfh`àglmci ridfhnfr ugf ofrrf li kr`ccms5

siöfcæglmci ic pirigtmr`m pcfzm li tris läfs pfvfigtrikfr cf hfgt`lfl qui ci afctfof.

\irròci auà istf guivf `gbust`h`f pfrf su oiccfy v`rtumsf ispmsf, cf siömrf lmöf Lmcmris Lufrti,quìg si l`r`k`ø f tmlf cf smhìlfl li cf Fsugh`øg,`dpcmrfglm li puirtf ig puirtf, fgikflf ig c`fg-




tm, qui sfcvfsig cf v`lf lic pflri li sus tris pi-

quiöuicms n`bms. Fc a`g cmkrø civfgtfr ugf sushr`ph`øg, hmgs`kuìglm qui nfstf cfs pcfhirfs hmgtròuyirfg hmg ug piqu iöm øo mcm, s`g pm li r tfd pmhmhmdpcitfr cf aftfc hfgt`lfl li lmhi d`c auirtis.Istf h`rhugstfgh`f cf `gsp`rø cf `lif li trfgspmrtfrsi f cf istfgh`f li ug krfg hfp`tfc`stf Gf quìg, ighmgtrø lishfczm y fr fg lm . Isti fvfrm,hufglm si nuom `dpuistm lic mobitm li cf v`s`tf lifquiccf fgkust`flf siömrf, cf lisp`l`ø hmg ugf rmtuglf gikft`vf.

Cf `gamrtugflf siömrf dmgtø ig su hmrhic y sil`r`k`ø f cf Fsugh`øg, dfs fc ccikfr fc tidpcm liXfg _mqui myø ugf lishfrkf li aus`ciräf5 cf siöm

rf hfyø lic hfofccm ixæg`di, ixnfcfglm ug lmcmrmsm kr`tm. Xu hmrfzøg gm cf nfoäf igkföflm.

Fquic kr`tm, puili lih`rsi, auà f ripirhut`r igic hmrfzøg li su piquiö`tf y prih`msf n`bf Zfgin`-tf, f quìg tigäf ig orfzms ic siömr Fcibm Kufgis,y fc m`r cf lishfrkf li cms aus`cis qui a`gfc`zfofg

cf ix`stigh`f li su pflri, rmdp`ø ig ccfgtm tfg cfst`dirm, qui hmgdmv`ø i n`zm virtir cækr`dfs f tmlfs cfs pirsmgfs qui si nfccfofg prisigtis.

Xmori isti pugtm,“l`bm Dfguic Z. li Ziöf, quìg

nuyiglm li cf pirsihuh`mgis lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz sifs`cø ig Ouigms F`ris, lisli lmgli l`r`k`ø arihuigtis ipästmcfs fc dfr`shfc. Ygf li iccfs is hmdm s`kui2

"Qmy f ihnfrti ig hfrf isf riprigsòci hmgluhtfmosirvflf hmg Zfghn`tf Kfrdigl`f.

Liois sfoir qui is n`bf lic nmgrflm hmdirh`fgti




“ 6 0 1 “

v`zhfägm L. Bufg Arfgh`shm Kfrdigl`f y li cf si

ömrf lmöf Lmcmris Lufrti, huyms hmgsmrtis tuvìrmg tris n`bms.

Ic pflri, s`g dæs lic`tm qui ic li sir ispfömc,auà ductflm pmr ic t`rfgm Arfgh`f ig lmhi d`c auirtis, qui igtrikø5 fckugms föms lispuàs si ci ix`kìrmg lmhi d`c dæs y pmrqui gm cms tuvm auà aus`cf

lm ug lmd`gkm, läf ig qui si smcidg`zfof cf prmhis`øg lic Hmrpus Hnr`st` ig cf pfrrmqu`f li Xfg Omqui.

Cf siömrf dur`ø fckòg tìdpm lispuàs, riluh`lff cf dæs ispfgtmsf d`sir`f.

Xus tris n`bms tìrgms y igtirfdigti nuàrafgms yixpuistms f cf d`sir`f, auirmg rihmk`lms y flmptflms hmdm n`bms pmr cf Xrf. lmöf Dfguicf Läfz liOilmyf y Ofrr`ms, ugf li cfs pr`gh`pfcis dftrmgfsli cf Fsugh`øg, dubir li cf dæs nfhiglmsf, cf dæsnmgrflf, cf dflri dæs tìrgf y fdmrmsf, cf qui nfsmstig`lm ugf gudirmsf afd`c`f ccigf li nmgrfliz,li purizf y li lihigh`f.

Ig isti `gvucgirfoci fchæzfr li cf v`rtul y liclihmrm, auà hr`flf y iluhflf Zfghn`tf, duhnfhnfisoictf y flmrgflf li oiccizf y ftrfht`vms, rivist`lf li nmgist`lfl y nmgrfliz.

Irf ic nihn`zm li hufgtms cf d`rfofg, tmlms cfflmrfofg y rispitfofg5 pirm tò qui gflf rispi

tfs, tmdfstis ic idpiöm li hmrrmdpircf, cf `gvfl`sti pmr tmlms cflms, cf pirsiku`sti s`g hisfr, ci istmrofsti cfs ug`mgis hmgyukfcis vigtfbmsfs qui sici prisigtfofg y nfs s`lm ic mostæhucm hmgstfgti lisu aic`h`lfl.

Iccf, hmdm ugf rmhf, nf ris`st`lm sìdpri ic àd-




“ 60; “

ofti li tus l`foøc`hfs pritigs`mgis, si ti nf nihnm

`gv`sòci y si ighuigtrf `gdfhucflf y flmrgflf lior`ccfgtis v`rtulis, ig dil`m li isi p`àcfkm li tushmrruph`mgis.

Q`àglmti ourcflm li -cf nirdmsf B ul `tn pfrf kuf yf, flmptfsti ic rihursm li fpr`s`mgfr y listirrfrf su nirdfgm Buf g Ar fg h`sh m, hmg ic a `g li moc`kfrcf f qui mhurrìrf f t` f `dpcmrfr su còirtfl.Iccf cm hmdprigl`ø fsä y s`g trip`lfr ug dmdigtmsi fhmdpföø li su dflri flmpt`vf, siömrf Oilmyf, y si ti prisigtø f nfhir sus pcikfr`fs y ruikmspmr motigir cf còirtfl li su nirdfgm.

\ò, lirrit`lm ig aidigt`lms nfcfkms, ti dmstrfsti hcidigti y ci prmdit`sti hmghilirci cm qui

piläf, pirm fc sfc`r li tu hfsf, cf n`h`sti lih`r sihritfdigti hmg tu rua`æg hmrmgic Fku`fr, qui s` nuoìsi vig`lm smcf gm si ci nuoìsi gikflm cf còirtfl smc`h`tflf.

Cf pruiof is qui nfstf nmy si ighuigtrf ic v`rtumsm bmv ig K frd igl`f suarìg lm cf pigf li su

hfut`vir`m y cf `gaic`z nirdfgf ccmrfglm su flvirsfsuirti, gflf dæs qui pmr nfoir sfo`lm hmgsirvfrsipurf.

X` isti tu prmhil`dìgtm gm is li hfgfccf, gm sàquà mtrm gmdori puilf l f r ci ."

Z I _ A @ C I X L I Z F G H N F K F _ D I G L @ F

F dil`lf qui cf siömr`tf li Kfrdigl`f hrihäfig ilfl, fudigtfof ig nirdmsurf aäs`hf y ig oiccizf dmrfc, fc ixtridm li hfusfr fsmdorm f hufgtms cf viäfg y trftfofg, smrpriglìglm f tmlms pmr




“ 60> “

sus dfgirfs gfturfcis, l`kgfs li ugf siömr`tf li

su hcfsi.F ò g gm nfoäf hud pc`lm hftmrhi föms, hufglmpr`gh`p`ø f sir ic mobitm li cf dæs hmgtudfz pirsihuh`øg, gm søcm li Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm, s`gm li susmtrms lms nirdfgms, Qigfgh`m y Oig`kgm5 pirm Zfg-hn`tf nfoäf gfh`lm list`gflf f a`kurfr igtri cfskrfglis nirmägfs fdir`hfgfs.

F pisfr li cf furimcf li afustm y krfglizf hmgqui cms liprfvflms Cøpiz trftfofg li afsh`gfrcf,iccf si hmgsirvø ig ic puistm qui ci prishròäf icnmgmr, lisprih`fglm y ourcæglmsi li cms qui pritigläfg ourcfrsi li iccf.

Qigfgh`m auà ic pr`dirm afsh`gflm nfstf ic lic`r`m pmr cf prih`msf g`öf5 pirm iccf lihritø ug gmnf cukfr.

Hufglm Zfghn`tf nuom hudpc`lm qu`ghi föms, sinfoäf trfgsa`kurflm ig ugf ispihì li li`lfl.

Xu oiccizf aäs`hf nfoäf uctrfpfsflm f tmlm `lifcqui puilf `dfk`gfrsi cf `dfk`gfh`øg dæs aihuglf,

cm hufc ci nfoäf vfc`lm qui tmlf cf buvigtul gfh`mgfc y ixtrfgbirf cf prmhcfdfrfg pmr cf L`msf licZfrfkufy.

Zfghn`tf irf li istfturf fctf, li tfcci isoictm ykrfh`msm, h`gturf rilmglf y a cixòci, su hut`s li ugocfg hm fcfofstr`gm, sus orfzms piraihtfd igti hmg

tmrgiflms y flmrgflms hmg krfh`msms cugfris, suslìgtis pfrihäfg lms cägifs li pircfs, sus cfo`ms lihmrfc y krfh`msäs`dms, sus dib`ccfs li hmcmr krfgflf, sus mbms fzucis, rfskflms y higticcifgtis, vicflms pmr pmocflfs y hrispfs pistföfs, irfg li `rris`stòci d`rfr5 cfs hibfs gikrfs y a`gfs, lishròäfg




“ 600 “

lms piraihtms sid`härhucms, su fouglfgti hfoiccirf

mgliflf y gikrf hmdm cf iglr`gf, su gfr`z fku`ciöf, a`gf y pira`cflf, pihnm y ispfclf li amrdfsvmcuptumsfs, sus nmd orms hfälms, sus piquiö fs yocfghfs d fgms, huyms a`gms lilms tird `gfof g igpugtf hmrmgflms pmr hr`stfc`gfs uöfs hmgsirvflfsisdirflfdigti c`dp`fs y rihmrtflfs ig amrdf

tr`fgkucfr, istfofg ig piraihtf frdmgäf hmg sus l`d`gutms y ighmrvflms pìs. Fc fglfr lfof f suhuirpm ug f`ri dfrh`fc y tfg ispih`fc, qui sikòg riairäfg vfr`fs mtrfs pirsmgfs, tigäf ug dmlm tfg lic`hflm y icikfgti qui pfrihäf p`sfof smori acmris.

Xu ditfc li vmz irf frkigt`gm y smgmrm, su hmgbugtm s`dpæt`hm y tìrgm pfrf tmlf pirsmgf qui cfd`rfsi, y smori tmlm irf lmtflf li ug acu`lm `rris`stòci hmdm ic `dæg, pfrf cfs pirsmgfs li fdomssixms.

Qàfsi fc a`g li cf Zfrti @Q cf mtrf hfrtf lic pflri

Dfäz smori Zfghnf `Kcfrhgigl`f qui hmrrispmgli f istmhfpätucm.




X @ G @ I X \ _ M I Z @ X M L @ M

(_icftm puoc`hflm ig 6>;<)

H`ghuigtf föms nfhig qui frr 'oø fc Zfrfkufy icrispitfoci ispfömc Lmg D 'kuic Fgtmg`m Icurlmy, icd`sdm qui nmy rihuirlf y ccmrf ic puiocm pfrfkufym .

¡ M n . . . L`hnmsms cms siris qui fc tiglir cf dfgm fc `gamrtug`m fbigm, s 2igtig ig iccf hfir ugf cækr`df ig rihmdpigsf li sus omglflis. Zmrqui isfscækr`dfs cfs rihòi L'ms y amrdf hmg iccfs ugf hmrmgf li pircfs pfrf hiö`r cf arigti lic oìgnihnmr,ig cf v`lf itirgf.

Nfo`tø ofbm cf mpris`øg li cms tris t`rfgms5 sud`s`øg ig cf pftr 'f li Cfdofrà, auà flqu`r`r pfrfv`v`r y ic ristm pfrf ripfrt`rcm igtri cms digistirmsms .. Lispu às lic afccih`dìgtm lic l`htfl mr Ar fg h`f

y cuikm qui si forìrmg fc hmdirh`m lic duglm cmspuirtms lic Zfrfkufy, si ci prisigtø su smor`gmBmsà Lmd`gkm Yròi, f quìg rih ò`ø hmg tirgurfy flmptø pmr n`bm, igtrikæglmci cf fld`g`strfh`øgli su hfsf hmgmh`lf ig tmlm ic Zfrfkufy pmr ic gmdori li Fzufkf, fpi cc`lm li cf prm pì tfr`f lic ilà`h` m .

Ic bmvig Yròi gm tfrlø ig lidmstrfr qui pm-




“ ?:6 “

siäf krfg hfpfh`lfl dirhfgt`c 5 l`m ug v`vm `dpuc

sm f cms gikmh`ms li cf hfsf, cmkrfglm pmr isti dil`m flqu`r`r `gdigsf amrtugf y krfg riputfh`øg lihmdirh`fgti, pmr cf ixfht`tul y nmgrfliz hmg quihudpcäf tmlms sus hmdprmd`sms.

Lisc`kflm lmg D`kuic li cfs ftigh`mgis dirhfgt`cis, ig rfzøg li nfoir nihnm vig`r li Ispföf lìzsmor`gms dæs, qui irfg mtrms tfgtms hfdpimgis lichuirpm hmdirh`fc li istf pcfzf, ic siömr Icurlmysøcm si mhupfof ig ibirhir fhtms li pìlfl y li d`sir`hmrl`f hmg cms gihis'tflms.

Ic icivflm hmghiptm qui lmg M. Fgtmg`m Cøpiztigäf amrdflm li àc, si hmdpruiof pmr ic nihnm quipfsfdms f gfrrfr.

Nfo`àglmsi lishuoìrtm ugf afcsà`hfh`øg li o`ccitis, ic l`htflmr dfglø si h`tfsi f tmlms cms hmdirh`fgtis li cf Fsugh`øg, mrligæglmcis qui prisigtfsig tmlm ic pfpic dmgilf qui tuvìsig, ixhiptufglm fc siömr Icurlmy, l`hìglm f sus idpciflms2

"Is `dpmsòci qui ig hfsf li Fzufkf nfyf gflf

af csm" .¡ Vu`àg ci nu oìrf l'hnm qui su l`kgäs`dm n`bm,

Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm, cm nfoäf li nfhir dmr`r ig ichipm uru ku fyf gf , f cf ilfl li ;: föms, lispuàsli nfoircm nihnm vfp ucif r, pm rqu i gm hmgaisfofflmgli tigäfg igtirrflms cms tismrms sus smor`gms,

hmsf qui àc `kgmrfofXi riaìri qui hufglm ic hmrmgic Xirrfgm cm fzmtfof y ci `dputfof ic hr`dig li istfaflmr li cmstismrms gfh`mgf cis, civfg tø su v`stf y d `rfg lm fc`g`hum a `shfc , ci l` bm hmg igtirizf2 “"Däridi Ql.y läkfdi s` tigkm hfrf li cflrøg". Xirrfgm r`øsi




“ ?:? “

häg`hfdigti y ci dfglø lmocfr cf lms`s li fzmtis

C f d`sdf,] `d pu tfh`ø g li hmgsp`rfh`øg hmgtrf ickmoìrgm y li nfoir rmoflm cfs frhfs gfh`mgfcis, sin`zm krfv`tfr smori tmlms cms smor`gms qui ix`stäfgig cf Fsugh`øg, f quìgis si cis fzmtø y fpc`hø tmlmkàgirm li supc`h`ms, nfstf qui cms moc`kfrmg f hmgaisfr y siöfcfr cms pugtms lmgli tigäfg igtirrflms

cms tismrms, nfh`àglmcms dmr`r f tmlms5 dfglfglmlisigtirrfr fquic `gdigsm tismrm y igtrikfrcm f Ic`sf Cyghn, ig hfc`lfl li lipøs`tm, puis sikòg ic dfr`shfc lihäf, irf cf òg`hf pirsmgf qui marihäf kfrfg täfs5 fpml irægl msi li tmlms cms oìgis li l`hnfhfsf.

Fòg ix`stig fckugms li cms nmdoris qui fyulfrmg f trfgspmrtfr cms tfcikms, quìgis gms fsikurfgqui auà `gdigsf cf hfgt`lfl li mrm y pcftf siccflfqui lisigtirrfrmg.

Ic t`rfgm pulm nfhir dmr`r ig cf tmrturf urukuf-yfgf fc siömr Icurlmy y sus l`kgms smor 'gms5 pirmgm pulm moc`kfrcms f hmgaisfrsi rims li "hmgsp`rf

h ` ø g " y li "i s t f a f " f cfs frhfs gfh`mgfcis hmdmpritigl`ø, hmg ic a `g li motigir ug bustà `hft`vmqui cm pusìsi f sfcvm li cfs rihcfdfh`mgis l`pcmdæt`hfs .

(Ic siömr Icurlmy auà fckòg t ìdpm dfymrlmdmli cf `kcis`f li Xfg _mqui).




H M L @ H @ F P Z I _ Q I _ X @ M G

Li qui Xmcfgm rmdp`ø cms cfzms qui c`kfg fc nmdori hmg cf smhìlfl, cm hmdprmoø gm rispitfglm gd-kòg sigt`dìgtm gmoci li cms qui icivfg fc nmdorif cf l`kg`lfl li sir cf morf dæs piraihtf li tmlmcm hriflm5 puistm qui pmr su sil `gsfh`foci li sfgkri n`t/dfgf, li pmlir y li r`quizfs, n`zm suhud o`rf su pftr`f, f su afd`c`f, f sus fd`kms y igid`kms,f sus d`sdms hødpc`his y f tmlms cms ixtrfgbirms lil`virsfs gfh`mgfc`lflis5 gm sfcvfglm f su `gairgfcpmlir li hmrrmircm tmlm, g` fòg cms sfgtms pr`gh`p`ms li cf dmrfc pòoc`hf, tfg gihisfr`ms i `gl`spigsfocis pfrf smstigir ic iqu`còr`m smh`fc.

C F D F X F H _ I L I C F X O F _ _ @ M X

Hmgsmcfh`øg Ofrr`ms, isoictf y nird msf, hmg ugfhfoiccirf cfrkf y fouglfgti, gm pird`t`ø qui ci

viglfsig cms mbms, ibihutfglm iccf d`sdf istf mpirfh`øg, hmg lms vuictfs li sus prmp`ms hfoiccms, hiö`lms ig amr d f li ofg lf, fcrilil mr li cf. hfoizf. D u r`ø hmg tris cfgzfsms.

'Zruligh`f- Ofrr`ms, si d fgtu vm sirigf tml m ictìdpm ig qui si ci pripfrø pfrf dmr`r.




“ ?:< “

Lispuàs li nfoàrsici hnuhiflm hmg cms lms cfgzf-

sms li mrligfgzf, hfyø fc suicm y hmdigzø f nfhirisauirzms pfrf sigtfrsi. Igtmghis, ugm li sus virlukms, ci nugl`ø cf cfgzf ig ic omh`m qui tigäf, mtrmig ic hmstflm lic cflm lic hmrfzøg, y ug tirhirm igic ofbm vìgtri, qui cf libø `gdøv`c.

Oirgfrlf Ofrr`ms li D frhø, li pmrti l`st`gku`

lm, si ighmgtrfof igairdf li n`lrmpisäf. Ic vìgtriprisigtfof ug lisfrrmccm ixfkirflm5 pirm, f pisfrli su cfst`dmsm istflm, rihòäf tfdo`àg cms fzmtis,y fò g, nfstf ug dmd igtm fgtis. A u à hmglu h`lf igpism pmr lms smclflms, y lispuàs li duirtf, cms virlukms, hriyàglmcf idofrfzflf, ci fsistfrmg tris cfg-zfsms dæs ig ic prmp`m vìgtri, pfrf qui pirihìrftfdo`àg, s` fhfsm, ic arutm li sus igtrföfs. Cf pmori siömrf quilø fsä hmdpcitfdigti listrmzflf.

Cms lidæs dìdorms li cf afd`c`f Ofrr`ms, Zruligh`f, Bmsiaf ( H n i p ` t f ) , _msfr`m y Mc`vf, prisfshmdm cfs fgtir`mris, auirmg tfdo`àg cfghiflfs siku`lfdigti y f tmlf pr`sf, li cf dfgirf dæs oru

tfc y oærofrf qui puili hmghio`rsi.(Làhflf, ith . , pæk. ??<) .




I C F _ _ I O F \ M

Gm irf dæs prmp`h`f cf suirti qui hmrräf tmlfprih`msf fc`f bf qui cfs siömrfs ccivfofg pmr flmrgm

f fckugf tirtuc`f lmgli si ighmgtrfsi hmg cf prisugtf idpirftr`z. Li sikurm qui fc s`kuìgti läf,igv`fof Ic`sf fckòg sftàc`ti lic auturm idpirflmrf pil`r cf bmyf, s`g mtrf hiridmg`f, qui ixpmgirqui "dflfdf" nfoäf kustflm li ic cf 5 tigìglm cfluiöf qui hmgamrdfrsi hmg rihò`r fckugms pismsli pfpic dmgilf qui Ic`sf cis ritmrgfof.

Zirm ic dæs hàciori ixpilìgti qui si trfd`tfofhufglm Ic`sf lisifof pmsiir fckugf hfsf m qu`gtfli pfrt`hucfris, irf prisigtfr fc luiöm m luiöf licf prmpìlfl pfrf qui a`rdfsi ugf smc`h`tul supc`hfglm sud`sf y ighfrih`lfdigti si ci hmdprfsi suprmpìlfl pmrqui lisifof igfbigfrcf.

Ic supridm lihritfof ic gmdorfdìgtm li lmsfkr`digsmris m pir`tms tfsflmris, ugm pm r hflfpfrti.

Ic supuistm u moc`kflm smc`h`tfgti, rmkfof f suvih`gm m hmgmh`lm qui si prisigtfsi fc fhtm li cffvfcufh`øg hmg cf suoc`di d`s`øg li hmgtistfr fdàg

f tmlm cm qui l`bisi ic fkr`digsmr " cmp 'ztf" .Hmg, m s`g cf vmcugtfl lic prmpìtfr`m, si prmhi

läf f a `rdfr ic hmrrispmgligti `gstrudigtm pòoc`hm, quilfglm ic gikmh`m hmghcu`lm y frrikcflm dil`fgti ugf piquiöf sudf li pfpic dmgilf qui Ic`sf ci dfglfof igtrikfr.




I C Q I _ L F L I _ M H M G X Z @ _ F L M _

I c a `shfc l `rihtmr li " C f H mg sp`r fh`ø g" , prisoätirm A`lic Dfäz, p`li dæs sfgkri, duhnf sfgkri,sfgkri li ishcfrih`lms hmgsucfris.

P hmd m gm istæ fòg hmd pcitfdig ti trfgq u`cm,rispihtm fc tr`sti list`gm risirvflm f su väht`df, iclisvigturflm mo`spm l`mhisfgm, si prmpmgi lfrci ic

kmcpi li krfh`f, igkcmoæglmci ig ugf guivf fhusfh`øg hmg Oirkis, Oig`kgm Cøpiz, ic kigirfc Ofrr`ms,ic v`hfr`m kigirfc Omkflm, Qigfgh`m Cøpiz, ic prisoätirm Bufg Ofut`stf Rfclumglm, ic høgsuc lic Zmrtukfc Ci`ti Ziri`rf, ic hmrmgic Fcig, ic hfp`tæg X`døg A`lfgzf, @gmhigh`f y _faficf Cøpiz, Buc`fgf@gsarfu li Dfrtägiz, Lmcmris _ihfcli y DirhilisIkusqu`zf.

Hufglm ciyø duy sft`saihnm su còicm fhusftmr`m,qui hmgst`tuäf su tirhirf morf dfistrf li fgt`nudfgf dfclfl f su hmcikf ic hmrmgic Kmòurò, igtmghis hfp`tæg, àsti ci mosirvø qui "istfof duy oìg",pirm qui nfoäf mcv`lflm li hmgs`kgfr ig cf c`stf

ugm li cms hmgsp`rflmris pr`gh`pfcis.“ ½ F qu `àg=, ci `gtirrmkø smorisfctflm ic biai li

cms a`shfcis.“ F c d fr`shfc Cøpiz , ci hmgtistø Kmòó rò.Ic pflri Dfäz k`rø cf hfoizf ræp`lfdigti f tm

lfs l`rihh`mgis y ci l`bm ig fht`tul fdigfzflmrf2




" ¡Kuærlisi, hfp`tæg Kmòurò, li vmcvir f l`r`

k`rdi istf hcfsi li or md fs X` fnmrf ci nuoìrf ishuhnflm fckòg tirhirm, ci nuoìsi sikurfdigti hmstflm cf v `lf" . -

Dæs flicfgti ricftfridms isti pfsfbi, qui hmdmsi viræ, tìgi `gtigh`mgflm, nmglm y icmhuigti s`kgà`hflm. (Bufgs`cvfgm Kmlm`, "Lmhud igtms N`stør`hms", pæk . 68 8) .

Lurfgti cf kuirrf, isi pflri (A`lic Dfäz) , quisikòg supi, irf nmdori `gtic`kigti y sfo`m, lisidpiöfof ic hfrkm li buiz li `gstruhh`øg (a`shfc, c cfdfofg cms pfrfkufyms), dmstræglmsi løh`c f tmlmscms hfpr`hnms lic l`htflmr y ixtridflfdigti pirvirsm hmg tmlms cms qui tigäfg cf liskrfh`f li hfir

ig su lisfkrflm.Bmsà Oirkis, auà ugf li sus väht`dfs. Mhupfof

Oirkis ug rfghnm hfs` `kufc fc däm. Dfäz vigäf lmsm tris vihis pmr läf f tmrturfrcm hmg ic hipm hmcmdo`fgm pfrf frrfghfrci hmgais`mgis, d mstrfglm mrku ccm li pmlir lisidpiöfr ic rmc li `gqu`s`lmr.

Cf amrdf ig qui l`r`käf cf pfcforf fc fgt`kumd`g`strm li _icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris lic Zfrfkufy,irf tfg orutfc, qui pmgäf ig iv`ligh`f su isdirmig ic ibirh`h`m li tfc ma`h`m.

Is fsä qui `gtirpicfof f Oirkis2 "L`ræs qui. . . "½Gm nfocfs= ½G ìk fs= " \ i v my f dfg lfr fpc`hfr ic

hipm... y kr`tfglm... hfom li kufrl`f, pøgkfcm ig ichipm. . . " (Dfr`shfc I. F. Lf Hugnf D fttms, “ pr ` s`mgirm li cms pfrfkufyms, tist`km mhucfr. -“ _iv`stf lic @gst`tutm N`stør`hm y Kimkræa`hm orfs`ciöm,\. C ^ ^ Q @ , p æ k. ? 8 9 ) .




F H Y X F H @ M G I X A F C X F X

(Cihh`mgis lic Lr. Lmd ägkuiz)

Ig tìdpm li cf kuirrf tfdo`àg si moc`kfof f cmsfhusflms f lihcfrfr hmgtrf sä d`sdms. Vuìrf m gmquìrf, ic lihcfrfgti, lioäf lih`r cm qui kustig cms

virlukms2 nfoäf qui lihcfrfr. Ic `gmhigti, li mrkfg`zfh`øg lào`c, priairäf huftrm ofcfzms f cf farigtf y ic tmrdigtm y li pcfgm si hmgaisfof futmr lilic`tms ig qui gm nfoäf g` pigsflm.

Fckugms fsä ccikfofg f fhusfr f mtrms `gmhigtis,hmgamrdi fc `gtirrmkftmr`m lic a`shfc, y fc dfrhnfrfc pftäoucm si frrml`ccfofg y piläfg pirløg f susväht`dfs amrzflfs. (Lr. Dfguic Lmdägkuiz. " I cHäv`hm" , < li mhtuori li 60:9) .

"Ofbm cf l`htflurf li Arfgh`f y ig t ìdpm licf kuirrf,- nu om `gmhigtis qui si fhusfofg li lic`tms qui gm nfoäfg pirpitrflm, pria`rìglm huftrm

ofcfzms f cf farigtf y fc lmcmr li cms fzmtis. Ygfgt`kum yf ishrò`ø ism2 "ic lmcmr moc`kf f digt`rf cms d`sdms `gmhigtis" . (Zuoc`m X`r`m. Cihh`øg licL r . D . Lmdägkuiz , " I c H äv ` hm " , föm ^ , G ' ?<0? ).




?:0 “

" I c f z m ti " augh`mgfof s`g lishfgsm lurfgti cf

kuirrf, pirm smori tmlm ic hipm urukufyfgf, libøug ml`msm rihuirlm. Ic huirpm irf mpr`d`lm igtrilms aus`cis hmcmhflms smori cf ispfclf y fdfrrflmsf mtrms qui hruzfofg igtri cfs pìrgfs2 "cf mpris`øg smori ic hmrfzøg qui ibirhi istf igtfoc`ccflurf,is dfymr qui ic lmcmr li cfs hfrgis dfhirflfs. . .nfstf qui idpìzfg cfs hmst`ccfs f quiorfrsi".“Xfrdìgtm.“ Xi rmd päfg cms nuisms m rivìgtf ic hmrfzøg. P supc`h`m lisp`flflm irf ic cfghifdìgtmqui si usø lispuàs li Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs. A`kuràdmsgms fc sigtigh`flm hmg cms mbms viglflms y li rml`ccfs. Yg cfghirm istæ litræs y mtrm igarigti igfht`tul li lishfrkfr ic kmcpi airmz, y f ugf siöfc,

lms cfgzfsms s`ductægims ftrfvìsfg li ug cflm icistirgøg m cf tit`ccf y lic mtrm cflm cf ispfclf5 cfväht`df igsfrtflf, si rituirhi y hmgvucs`mgf y sifkfrrf hmg cfs dfgms hr`spflfs ig cfs fgs`fs li cfduirti, f cf cfgzf li flicfgti, qui ic virlukm rivuicvi ig ic nmrròci fkubirm lic pihnm". (Ic Hä

v ` h m " , föm ^, G0

?<0?, Lr. Dfguic Lmdägkuiz) .




C F H M G X @ K G F L I C M X Q I _ L Y K M X

{Hfrtf li arfy D fr`fgm lili cfs D `s`mgis li D fttm

riglm pflri

Ofkgfc`f, \`hipriaihtmKrmssm, f c duy rivi-kigirfc)

Xi di sfhø igtmghis lic hfcfomzm y si di hmglubm fc dil`m li <.::: ofymgitfs, rmliflm li ?: cfghirms, pfrf sir duirtm ig ic dmdigtm ig qui tuvìsi cukfr ic ighuigtrm li cms lms ibàrh`tms.

Istf irf cf hmstudori lic t`rfgm.Dfrhnà hmg 6> pmoris siömrfs, väht`dfs, nfh`f ic

sfhrà`h`m hmg ug nfz li ciöf ig cfs ispfclfs, dulm,hmg cms pìs lishfczms y ofbm ic auikm li cfs `gbur`fs li istms d`sirfocis qui søcm ispirfofg ic dmdigtm li sfh`fr su sil li sfgkri. Ic ibàrh`tm orfs`ciöm si fprmx`dfof.

Cms virlukms libfrmg ic hfd`gm hfrritirm pfrftmdfr ug siglirm. Pf si mäfg s`cofr cfs ofcfs.

Guistrf nmrf nf ccikflm, di l`bm ugf li d`s hmdpföirfs li `gamrtug`m, Fgf Hfsfc.

' ÄCf nmrf li guistrf c òirtfl" , ci rispmgläf c cigm li hmga`fgzf.

Yg ma`h`fc pfrfkufym ftrfvisø cfs a`cfs y l`bm fcv i r l u k m 2




“ ?66 “

“Libi isms pmoris pr`s`mgirms, puis ic igid`km

si fhirhf.“Gm puilm, ripc`hø ic virlukm, d` hmgs`kgf is

dftfrcms fquä.Nfocfof fòg, hufglm pr`gh`p`ø ic auikm.Ic virlukm, sif pmr sfcvfrsi, sif pmr pirlmgfr

gms, idprigl`ø cf aukf. (8@fstirdfgg, pæk . <8 ;) .




C F N I _ M Ä G F L I C L M C M _

B Y C @ F G F @ G X A I F G

@

Lurfgti mghi läfs, ic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz, hmg sus6.8:: vfcìgtis, ristms li cf kufrg`h`øg li Nudf`tæ,

liaig l`ø sus pms`h`mgis li cf Zig ägsucf m " `s c fZmä" , rmliflf y hfömgiflf pmr ic igid`km. Ig cmsòct`dms huftrm läfs gm nfoäfg hmd`lm dæs. Ic d`sdm hmrmgic Dfrtägiz istfof tfg lio`c`tflm, qui fpigfs pmläf nfocfr. Ig tfg hrät`hfs h`rhugstfgh`fs, cfrigl`h`øg si `dpmgäf. Istf si iaihtuø hmg tmlms cmsnmgmris li cf kuirrf.

L`hi ug ishr`tmr qui cms hmdoftis còrflms ig icr äm , arigti f Nudf`tæ, pfrihäfg afgtæst`hms, y quismcm ig cf fgt`kóilfl cms nuom `kufcis.

Cfs auirzfs lic igid`km irfg supir`mris2 cf cuhnf auà lisispirflf. Ig ic räm cms tr`pucfgtis licms omtis picifofg f orfzm pfrt`lm hmg cms tr`pu

cfgtis li cfs hfgmfs, ig dil`m li cms nmrròcis amkmgfzms prmluh`lms pmr cms hfömgis igid`kms qui,ig ugf smcf sidfgf, l`spfrfrmg lìz d`c omdofs smori cms pfrfkufyms.

Hmg tmlm, ic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz gm auà vigh`lm pmrcfs omhfs li auikm, qui vmd`tfofg cf duirti, s`gm




“ ?68 “

pmr ic nfdori. Ic y sus smclflms gø lipusìrmg cfs

frdfs2 àstfs si cis hfyirmg li cfs dfgms.Zirm ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, qui hmdäf oìg y oioäf

dibmr, gm pmläf hmdpriglir qui irf `gòt`c ugf cuhnf s`g ispirfgzf. Zmr mtrf pfrti, àc lisifof y mrligfof qui si libfsi dftfr nfstf ic òct`dm smclflm.I c smclflm pfrf kuf ym tigäf gihisfr`fdigti qui

dmr`r2 m licfgti lic igid`km, m ig dfgms li cms virlukms lic t`rfgm.Zmr ism ic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz y cms lidæs liaig

smris nirm`hms li @scf Zmä auirmg lihcfrflms trf`lmris f cf pftr`f y fc Xupridm Kmoìrgm.

@ @

Mrùglf li Q`ccf _`hf, li isdirflf iluhfh`øg,hmdm tmlfs cfs kuf`riöfs li cf hcfsi urofgf, irflmöf Buc`fgf @gsaræg, ispmsf lic vfcìgti hmrmgic

Dfrtägiz. Auà li cf `gt`d`lfl li cf Cyghn. Hufglmmhurrìrmg cms suhisms li @scf Zmä, iccf si ig hmg trfof ig cf hfp`tfc.

Xikòg cf lihcfrfh`øg pristflf pmr ic a`shfc Dftäfs Kmòurò, ig hufgtm Cøpiz rihò`ø cf gmt`h`f licf rigl`h`øg lic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz, Buc`fgf auà ccf

dflf f Xfg Airgfglm, lmgli hmdpfrih`ø fgti ictròugfc li cf hufrtf hmd`s`øg.

“½\igà`s hmgmh`dìgtm li ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg arfkuflf hmgtrf cf v`lf lic Ixdm. siömr dfr`shfc= “ci prikugtfrmg cms buihis.

“ G `gku gm, hmgtistø Buc`fgf, hmg a `rdizf, N i




“ ?6< “

fhmdpföflm sìdpri f dflfdf Cyghn, nfstf ic dm

digtm li sir trfälf fgti isti tròugfc.“Nfg lihcfrflm hmgtrf vms ic frhil`fgm BufgIvfgkic`stf Ofrr`ms y ic h`rubfgm _mqui Hàspilis“ ripc`hfrmg cms buihis. ½Vuà ms nf l`hnm vuistrmdfr`lm ig cf òct`df igtriv`stf - qui hmg àc tu v`sti`s ig Nudf`tæ=

“X` is hìrtm qui Ofrr`ms y Hàspilis fckm nfglipuistm ig d` hmgtrf, nfg afctflm f cf virlfl, fsfo'iglfs, m ofbm cf pris`øg lic tirrmr. D` dfr`lmbfdæs di nfocø li gflf pfri h`lm f u g hmd pcmt. I cis `ghfpfz li hmditir ugf trf`h`øg y li tmlm fhtmhmgtrfr`m f cfs ciyis lic nmgmr.

“Lihcfrfl cf virlfl “ ripusìrmg cms buihis “

pmrqui li cm hmgtrfr`m si ms fpc`hfræg cfs dæs sivirfs pigfs. Quistrm hr`dig is igmrdi5 nfoà`s istflm ig hmgg`vigh`f hmg cms trf`lmris, vms y vuis trmdfr`lm ic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz.

•“G` ym, g` d` dfr`lm, smdms hfpfhis li sidibfg ti aicmg äf hmgtistø Bu c`fg f, hmg rismcuh`øg y

igirkäf. D` dfr`lm is ug d`c`tfr puglmgmrmsm, ynf sirv`lm f cf pftr`f hmg nmgmr y vfcigtäf. Pm, cfdubir li isi nàrmi, ccivm hmg l`kg`lfl su gmdori.

Ic t`rfgm Cøpiz quiräf vigkfrsi lic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz, sfhrà`hfglm f su `gmhigti ispmsf.

Cuikm qui ug smclflm hfäf pr`s`mgirm igtri cms

igid`kms, m si rigläf ug ma`h`fc f cf òct`df ixtrid`lfl, m qui hufcquìr hùlflfgm hfyisi ig ic lisfkrflm lic t`rfgm, - si ci lihcfrfof trf `lm r, gm smcfdigti f àc, s`gm tfdo`àg fc n`bm, f cf ispmsf, fc pflri, f cf dflri, fc nirdfgm y nfstf fc fd`km, y tmlms bugtms irfg oærofrfdigti sfhrà `hflms,




“ ?69 “

Lispuàs li su pr`dir `gtirrmkftmr`m, Buc`fgf auà

smdit`lf f cf tmrturf2 vfci lih`r, auà fzmtflf y puistf fc hipm hmcmdo`fg m.

Is ic hipm ug supc`h`m ftrmz, hmdm cf hruz li XfgFglràs, ig qui cf väht`d f is lishmyu gtflf p mhm fpmhm. 5

@ @ @

“¡Fy, lmcmr “ ixhcfdfof Buc`fgf, fc sigt`rcf l`scmhfh`øg li sus nuisms. Xmy `gmhigti lic hr`dig li qui si di f h u s f . . . ¡ Vu`tfldi cf v ` l f . . .¡X m h m r rm . . . ¡D`sir `hmrl `f , siömr L `ms d ä m . . .

Lurfgti ic hursm li cf tmrturf, cf Cyghn gm hi

sfof li nfhirci lih`r f Buc`fgf qui lishfrkfrf suhmghìgh`f hmgaisfglm su hr`dig5 qui ig isti hfsm,iccf `dpcmrfräf pirløg pfrf cf d`sdf li cf hcidigh`f lic dfr`shfc.

Ic lisim lic dfr`shfc auà sìdpri qui tmlm icduglm si rihmgmhìsi trf`lmr f cf pftr`f . Mo c`kfof

tfdo`àg f cfs dflris f gikfr pòoc`hfdigti f susnóms, f sus dfr`lms, f sus pfrìgtis. Cøpiz nud`ccfof y likrflfof f cms dibmris sirv`lmris li cfpftr`f, nfh`àglmcis sushrò`r lihcfrfh`mgis virkmgzmsfs i `gafdfgtis. Hmgv`rt`ø fc smclflm pfrfkufymig licftmr y virlukm. . . . pmr i c tirrmr . \mlms irfg

pfsflms pmr cfs frdfs hmg cf gmtf `gafdfgti litrf`lmris. Z frf Cø piz , tmlm ic d ug lm irf trf`lm r,nfstf su prmp`f dflri.

½Vuà duhnm, puis, qui cf ispmsf lic hmrmgic Dfrtägiz auisi lihcfrflf tfc, f pisfr li qui amrdfofpfrti lic igtmurfki li cf C yg hn =




«“ ?61 “

F cfs `gs`gufh`mgis li istf dubir, Buc`fgf hmg

tistfof gikft`vfdigti, prmtistfglm su `gmiigh'f.Fc rit`rfrsi ic ibàrh`tm li Xfg Airgfglm, hmg l`rihh`øg f Q`ccitf, Cøpiz l`m mrlig “ fkrikf ic a `shfc Dftäfs Kmòurò “ pfrf qui tmlms cms rims auisig hmgluh`lms f pì, y aus`cflms m cfghiflms cms quigm pulìsig suar`r ic pigmsm v`fbi.

Igtri isfs väht`dfs òf Buc`fgf, hmgsud`lf pmric suar`dìgtm. Fquiccf fgtis nirdmsf dubir, irffnmrf ug isquicitm fdoucfgti.

Istfof nmrròcidigti lisa`kurflf pmr cf a cfhurf,cfs acfkicfh`mgis y cf liskfrrflurf li sus ispfclfs.

Lisli Xfg Airgfglm nfstf Q`ccitf, ic hfd`gm sin`zm pfrf cfs väht`dfs ugf virlflirf väf hruh`s. F

sidibfgzf li Bisòs, rihmrrìrmg isf hfcci li cf fd frkurf ig d il`m li cms dæs hruicis pflih`d ìgtms. G mnuom hmdpfs`øg pfrf gflì2 ic nirdfgm gm si fp`flfof lic nirdfgm, hmdm l`räf \ui`l`lis, lishròìglm cms nmrrmris li cf kuirrf lic Zicmpmgism yli cf pisti li Ftigfs. Ic puiocm nfoäf s 'lm ofrof

r`zflm pmr ic t`rfgm. Isti dmgstrum s`g `kufc hikøig ic hmrfzøg li cf kigti cf auigti li tmlm sigt`dìgtm li nudfg`lfl2 gflì si hmdpflihäf li cfliskrfh`f fbigf y si ccikø f lisifr cf duirti pfrfpmgir tàrd`gm f tfgtm dfrt`r`m, f tfg prmcmgkflmsuar`dìgtm, qui `dpusm f su puiocm ic oærofrm t`

rfgm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, qui dirihi cf itirgf ixiihrf-h`øg li tmlms cms s`kcms y li tmlms cms puiocms li cft ìrrf .

Ig Q`ccitf, Buc 'fgf auà li guivm smdit`lf f cfhuist`øg, hmd m lihäfg cms `gqu`s`lmris. Gm pu lìg-lm motigirsi li iccf qui si rihmgmhìsi hucpfoci, auà




“ ?6; “

ccivflf fc tròugfc li cf qu`gtf hmd`s`øg, sirv`lf

pmr ic a`shfc Dftäfs Kmòurò. Isti hmgaìsf qui rihò`ø li Cøpiz cf mrlig li fpfcifr f Buc`fgf, lifomaitifrcf y li disfr sus hfoiccms, cms hufcis ci auirmg frrfghflms pmr dihnmgis.-

Cms a`shfcis si fctirgfofg ig cf tmrturf5 Buc`fgfris`stäf f tmlms cms supc`h`ms. Ic t`rfgm si igaurih`ø

ig prisigh`f li fquic vfcmr smorinudfgm, li quilìrmg ibidpcm cms dært`ris lic hr`st`fg`sdm. Ic aurmr lic t`kri n'rh fg m ftirrmr`zø f cms a`shfcis, quiixtridfrmg cfs tmrturfs, pirm s`g risuctflm2 Buc`f-gf fugqui dmròuglf, prmtistfof sìdpri li su`gmhigh`f, p`lìglm f krfglis vmhis qui si ci qu`tfrf cf v`lf li ugf viz, qui gflf tigäf qui lihcfrfr.

@ Q

Buc`fgf dmstrøsi l`kgf ispmsf lic nàrmi li @scfZmä.

Yg nmdori h`v`c`zflm, hmdm ug oærofrm hufcquìrf, puili oushfr cf duirti ig cf riarìkf, fsfctfrugf amrtfcizf, m hmrrir f ditir cf hfoizf ig cf omhfli ug hföøg, hmdm suicig nfhir cms turhms y cms fo`sdfms.

Ic orfvm igtri cms orfvms, ic hmrmgic Dmgkicøs,

tidocø fgti Cøpiz, ci igtrikø su ispflf, y løh`cdigti, f ugf mrlig suyf, auà f igtrikfrsi fc virlukm. Ic hmrmgic Dmgkicøs auà aus`cflm pmrqui igic huirpm qui àc dfglfof, fckugms smclflms nfoäfgpigsflm lisirtfr5 is lih`r, pmr gm nfoir fl`v`gflmf tìdpm cm qui pigsfofg fquiccms liskrfh`flms,




Zirm gm tmlms duistrfg pmsiir ic vfcmr li Bu

c`fgf 2 vfci lih`r, ic virlflirm vfcmr, ic qui hmgs`stiig liaiglir cf prmp`f l`kg`lfl, cf hufc prm vìg i litigir hmghìgh`f li cf pirsmgfc`lfl.

Ig cf `dpmsò`c`lfl li vighir ic vfcmr li Buc`fgf, ic t`rfgm pritigli lisnmgrfrcf, f iccf y f suispmsm.

“½Nfoà`s tig `lm trftm ägt`dm hmg lmg Oig`kgmCøpiz y hmg ic h`rubfgm Hàspilis= “ ci prikugtfrmg cms a`shfcis lic dmgstrum.

“¡Bfdæs “ rispmgli `gl`kgflf cf d`c vihissuoc`di nirmägf lic lmcmr. Bfdæs lisnmgrà fc hmdpföirm li d` v`lf. Ism is ugf `gafdi hfcudg`f.

P hmgtfof lmg Flmcam Xfkuìr “ hmdm puilighmgtfr mtrms “ qui pmr a`g cf ighirrfrmg ig ug hufrtm , hmg ug gikrm amrg`lm, pfrf qui àsti cf uctrfbfrf.

Ic ?6 li l`hìdori li 6>1>, dmdigtms fgtis lihmdigzfr ic afdmsm hmdofti li @tæ-@oftà, lmöf Bu

c`fgf @gsaræg li Dfrtägiz auà aus`cflf pmr cf ispfclf hmdm trf`lmrf f cf pftr`f y fc Xupridm Kmoìrgm, bugtfdigti hmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz, Bmsà Oirkis,Kudirs`glm Oigätiz, ic mo`spm Zfcfh`ms, ic liæg Omkflm, Hfrcms _`virms, ic kigirfc Orukuiz, ic kigirfc Ofrr`ms, Fgtmg`m li cfs Hfrrirfs, Kfspfr Cø

piz . . . y cf siömr`tf L mcmr is _i hfcl i, qui tfdo`àgauà tmrturflf y ris`st`ø f cms tmrdigtms.

Buc'fgf @gsaræg, ig fquiccf nmrrmrmsf nihftmdoi. l 5 ø cf gmtf dæs fctf lic vfcmr cikät`dm. Iccf fpurø nfstf cfs nihis cf hmpf li cf fdfrkurf. Ftmrdigtflf ig ic pmtrm, fzmtflf, fomaitiflf, istrmpiflf li




“ ?60 “

d`c dfgirfs, uctrfbflf tfdo`àg, gughf acfquiø ug

smcm `gstfgti, dfgtig`àglmsi sìdpri a`rdi ig surismcuh`øg li gm hmdpcfhir fc t`rfgm qui pritigläfig vfgm frrfghfrci ugf lihcfrfh`øg `gl`kgf.

Nuom pflris qui, ofbm cf pris`øg lic tirrmr, lihcfrfrmg lishmgmhir f sus n`bms5 ispmsfs qui lihäfgrigikfr li sus dfr`lms, y nfstf orfvms d`c`tfris sus-hrò 'r lihcfrfh`mgis `gl`kgfs5 y frrml`ccfrsi f cmspìs lic t`rfgm5 pirm Buc`fgf \gsaræg, istf suoc`didubir, sfcvø cf l`kg`lfl li su sixm y cf l`kg`lflli tmlfcf gfh`øg pf rfk uf yf , ris`stìglm nirm `hfdigti f cms aurmris lic virlukm li su puiocm, hmdmig mtrm tìdpm cf afd`c`f li cms Dfhfoims lisprih`ø cms tmrdigtms y cf duirti f qui cms hmgligfof

fquic dmgstrum li `g`qu`lfl ccfdflm Fgt`mhm.Buc`fgf @gsaræg pfsf f cf n`stmr`f hmdm cf nirmä

gf lic lmcmr. Xu dfrt`r`m y su duirti smg ugf igsiöfgzf li cf dæs suoc`di fogikfh`øg, qui gm lioidms mcv`lfr, qui gm lioig mcv`lfr cfs kigirfh`mgis f vig`r, pfrf qui sipfg liaiglir su l`kg`lfl

y ml`fr y hmdoft`r cfs `gafdis t`rfgäfs.Buc`fgf @gsaræg gm nf pil`lm fc dmr`r ug vig

kflmr, hmdm cf dubir pfkfgf2 nf duirtm hmdm hr`st`fgf, sfhrà`hæglmsi pmr cf virlfl y pmgìglm pmrtist`km li su `gmhigh`f fc Xupridm Buiz li cms hriyigtis, hmdm ic sädomcm li cf virlfl supridf y li

cf bust`h`f fosmcutf.Hih`c`m OÆIR,




C F G H I F D @ I G \ M X I G D F X F

(_icftm puoc`hflm f rfäz li cf kuirrf)

Ofstfof qui ug `gl`v`lum m afd`c`f virtìsi cækr`dfs m västisi li cutm, pfrf qui auisi hmgs`lirflm li nihnm y pirsiku`lm hmdm trf`lmr f cf pftr`fy fc kmoìrgm.

Ygf li cfs n`bfs, tmdfglm cf pfcforf l`bm2" D ` pr`df L md `gkm Zci`tfs lispuàs li nfoir s`lm fsis`gflm su ispmsm y hmga`shflm sus `gtirisis,auà lipmrtflf hmg su piquiöuicf n`bf y lihcfrflftrf`lmrf, qui irf ic d fy mr hfst`km qui igtmghis pm läf fpc`hfrsi f ugf pirsmgf, huym fgftidf irf ti-

.rròci, puistm qui tmlms, fòg cms dæs `gdil`ftmspfrìgtis, si ix`däfg li nfocfr hmg iccms g` viglircis g`gkòg fc`digtm pmr tidmr li hfir ig icd`sdm fgftidf.

Ighmgtræofsi d` pr`df ig ic Ispfläg hmg cmsd`ccfris li afd`c`fs lipmrtflfs5 nmrrmr`zflf ugläf fc vir cfghifr f tfgtfs `gmhigtis väht`dfs, siömrfs y bøvigis li fdoms sixms, pmr ørligis tfgtm lict`rfgm hufgtm li cf t`rfgf Ic`sf, pmr _isquäg y pmrfquic igbfdori li fsis`gms qui nfhäfg cf hmrti fcms làspmtfs, `gv`tø Lmd`gkf f sus fd`kfs y hmdpföirfs li `gamrtug`m l`h`àglmcis2 gm di ighuigtrm hmg vfcmr pfrf prisigh`fr pmr dæs tìdpm tfg-




“ ??6 “

tf hfrg`hiräf nudfgf5 cf qui sif li d` mp`g`øg sä

kfdi5 tmdfglm f su n`bf li cf dfgm si `gtirgø igcms omsquis5 sisigtf siömrfs cf s`kuìrmg, li cfs hufcis sfcvfrmg tris, tmlfs cfs lidæs pirihìrmg li sil,nfdori y hfgsfgh`m. Ygf li cfs qui si sfcvø auà cfsiömrf \ràmgf Zft`gm, hmg pàrl`lf li sus si`s n`bmsqui auirmg pfstm li cms huirvms y li cms t`kris.

Ygf viz òf pfrf Hffzfpæ ug smor`gm li dfdæ,y fhmgtih`ø qui ig ic hfd`gm ighmgtrø fc pì li ugæromc, f ug smclflm tigl`lm ig ic suicm y ixp`rfglm li lio`c`lfl5 d` pr`dm si fprmx`dø, cm nfocø,ic smclflm gm hmgtistø5 d` pr`dm cm tmdø ig orfzms,cm sigtø, s`g ispirfgzf, ic `gaic`z ixp`rø ig fquicdmdigtm5 d` pr`dm d`rø f su rililmr y v`m hirhfli sä ic eip`s lic smclflm, ligtrm lic hufc nfoäf ugma`h`m hirrflm5 d` pr`dm si pusm li pì, d`rø igtmlfs l`rihh`mgis y vìglm qui gm si fprmx'dfofg`gkòg sir nudfgm, si fpmlirø lic ma`h`m y si `gtirgø ig ic omsqui, rmdp`ø ic siccm y cm ciyø.

Irf ug pfrti qui pfsfof ic biai pmcät`hm li fquic

lipfrtfdigtm fc supridm, læglmci huigtf li nfoirnihnm cfghifr hufrigtf y sìti pirsmgfs trf`lmrfs,fkrikfglm qui ispirfof hmga`flm ig cf oigivmcigh`f li Xu Ixhicigh`f, qui gm lioäf li lisfkrflfrsi lic hicm y isdirm hmg qui su nud`cli hr`flm vicfof pmr cf v`lf li Xu Ixhicigh`f y pmr ic trùgam

li cf hfusf qui Xu I xhi cigh `f li aigl äf hmg tfgtfnirm`h`lfl, sfo`luräf y kigirmsm pftr`mt`sdm.

(Istms nihnms gm irfg f`scflms, hmdm cm hmdpruiof ic cfgiifdìgtm li 9:: smclflms ig cms d`sdmsläfs).




@ G F Y L @ \ F X H _ Y I C L F L I X

I C \ I X \ @ D M G @ M L I C H C I _ M

(Lihcfrfh`øg lic sfhirlmti `tfc`fgm lmhtmr Zrisoätirm Kirøg`d m Oihhn`s, hmrrihtmr y rilfhtmr li

"Cf Istriccf", 6: li siptìdori li 6>10 ) .

_ispmgl`ø qui Cøpiz prfht`hø `ggudirfocis hruiclflis, qui nf smorisfc`lm igtri cms dfymris t`rfgmshmgmh`lms ig cf n`stmr`f li tmlms cms tìdpms. L`hiqui lispuàs li cf aukf lic hurf Zæiz li cf Q`ccf

Hmghiph`øg, df glø cfghifr hufrigtf afd`c`fs li cfsdæs lihigtis, fkrikfglm f cf mrlig qui gm rispitfsig g` f cms g`öms li pihnm, sikòg hmgstf fc `gtirrm kflm pmr pirsmgf lic ibàrh`tm li Cøpiz y sir ic d`sdm ibàrh`tm hmgmhilmr li isti nihnm5 qui cm d`sdmn`zm hmg cfs afd`c`fs li @pfgà, Q`ccitf y Kufrfdof-

rà5 cfs hufcis afd `c`fs si nfo äfg mhu ctflm ig cmsdmgtis hufglm ccikfrmg cms fc`flms y qui lispuàssi rihmkìrmg f sus hfsfs, hufglm si rit`rfrmg mtrfviz cfs auirzfs fc`flfs. Igtmghis mrligø Cøpiz auisig tmlms likmccflms hmdm auirmg ibihutflms5 quiCøpiz l`m mrlig sihritf, hmdm hmgstf fc `gtirrmkflm pmr ug ma`h`fc pfrfkufym li gmdori Kmgzæciz,




“ ??8 “

pfrf likmccfr f tmlfs cfs pirsmgfs qui gm qu`sìsig

siku`r fc ibàrh`tm ig sus dmv`dìgtms, m s` si ritfrlfsig ig su dfrhnf5 tfgtm is hìrtm istf mrlig sihritf, qui ig cms dmgtis li Zròiouy, Hffhupà y Of rrirm, nfoäf libflm ugf auirzf li hìg nmdoris frdf lms pfrf qui ig krupms li huftrm m h`ghm pulìsig ibihutfr su mrlig, lmgli quìrf qui ix`stìsig

pirsmgfs lic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym, m afd`c`fs, sifgixtrfgbirfs m gfh`mgfcis.L`hi qui tmlms cms prisms y pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf

ixtrfgbirms y gfh`mgfcis, cms tigäf sìdpri ig cf `gtidpirì 2 cf dfymr pfrci li isms `gaic`his durìrmg li nfdori y cms qui irfg dæs pr`v`cik`fl ms pfkfofg cf v`lf hmg cfgzf, huhn`ccm y ofcf, du hnmsmtrms istfquiflms ig cms hfd pms, sìglm ugf lmhigfli cms istfquiflms df glflms hmrtfr cms pærpflms supir`mris li cms mbms, mtrms li cms fzmtflms dit`lms ignmrd`kuirms pfrf tmrturf, sikòg ci hmgstf fc `gtirrmkflm pmr ic hfpiccæg _mlräkuiz, qui auà aus`cflm ig Xfg Airgfglm.

L`hi dæs qui ic fcidæg Id`c`m Giudfg, f pritixtm li hmgsp`rfh`øg, ic t`rfgm Cøpiz ig Xfg Airgfglm dfglø fzmtfrci pmr tris gmhnis hmgsihut`vfs,v`gìglm fquic `gaic`z f dmr`r ig ic tirhirm5 qui cfd`sdf suirti y pmr ic d`sdm d mt`vm durìrmg cmsdært`ris `gkcàs Bufg Cighò, ic hfp`tæg li d fr`gf

`tfc`fgm, X`døg A`lfgzf , ug arf`cà `tfc`fgm, Omhm,d`s`mgirm fpmstøc`hm lic Orfs`c, hfpuhn `gm y hmgdæs hìgtm sitigtf `tfc`fgms. L `hi, pmr a `g, ic `gtirrmkflm, qui istæ ägt`dfdigti hmgvigh`lm li qui cfhmgsp`rfh`øg pritixtflf bfdæs ix`st`ø, pm rqu i cfslihcfrfh`mgis frrfghflfs li cfs väht`dfs sìdpri




??<

auirmg f auirzf li tmrdigtms qui irfg nmrròcis y

hmgs`stäfg ig fzmtis, pfvisfs ighigl`lfs nfstf hfromg`zfr cms lilms y ic tmrdigtm qui ccfdfg ic hipmf cf urukufyfgf5 f d uhnm s si cis fpc`hfof kr`ccmshfgligtis, ig a`g , d `ccfris li ftrmh`l fli s qui ic `g tirrmkflm g` sfoi hødm ixpc`hfr.

Huæc is ic list`gm li cms mobitms sfquiflms igcms tirr`tmr`ms fc`flms y ig cms oìgis duiocis liisti Istflm y sus nfo`tfgtis rit`rflms li istf hfp`tfc y li sus pmocfh`mgis= _ispmgl`ø qui sfoi pmrm`r lih`r qui cms oìgis sfquiflms ig Dfttm Krmssmauirmg ripfrt`lms ig cf afd`c`f li Cøpiz y fckugms

flnàrigtis li cf d`sdf5 qui ci hmgstf f c `gtirrmkflm qui cms mobitms li pcftf y li dæs vfcmr li cfs`kcis`fs y li cf hfp`tfc y li cf hfd.pföf auirmg dfglflms rmofr pmr mrlig li Cøpiz y qui istm lioi sirvirlfl pmr hufgtm ic `gtirrmkflm v`m trfofbflmrisli Cøpiz nfhir li cms hfglicirms y lidæs òt`cis là

cfs `kcis`fs ug sirv`h`m hmdpcitm pfrf sò disf.

L`hi qui dæs li mhnm d`c pirsmgfs du rìrmg cfghiflfs y dfrt`r`zflfs pmr Cøpiz y qui ic gòdirmli cms qui durìrmg li nfd ori ixhili li vi`gti d`c,auirf li ugf `ga`g`lfl li kigti qui suhud o`ø pmrdmt`vm li ip`lid`f, hmdm ic høcirf d mro us, v`ruicf,sfrfdp`øg y l`sigtir`f.

L`hi a`gfcdigti, qui ic s`stidf lic isp`mgfbi irftfc, qui cms pflris gm hmga`fofg ig sus n`bms, g`




“ ??9

cms n`bms igtri sä, g` cms dfr`lms ig sus dubiris5 y

tmlms cms pfrìgtis y fd`kms, lishmga`fofg ugms limtrms, y tfgtm, qui pmr lms vihis N`cfr`m _ihfcliy Fcibm Kufgis, auirmg f hfsf lic lihcfrfgti f pil`rci hmg cækr`dfs ig cms mbms y ic hmrfzøg sfgkrìgtm li lmcmr, ugf lihcfrfh`øg pfrf sir puoc`hflf igic "Xidfgfr`m" ig ic sigt`lm li rigikfr li iccms.L`hi ic lihcfrfgti qui dæs li vi`gti lihcfrfh`mgisig isti sigt`lm nfoäf nihnm, y qui ic "Xidfgfr`m"li fquic tìdpm istæ ccigm li sidibfgtis lihcfrfh`mgis, tmlfs afcsfs, tigìgl m smcfdigti pm r a`gfkrflfr fc l`htflmr y iv`tfr sus hruiclflis ig ricfh`øg li cms pflris, f cms nirdfgms y pfrìgtis igk i g i r f c . . .

_ispmgl`ø qui cfs väht`dfs dæs rihmgmh`lfs quiàc si fhuirlf fnmrf, smg cfs s`kuìgtis2 Mo`spm lmgDfguic Fgtmg`m Zfcfh`ms, qui auà aus`cflm ig Q `cci tf y dæs li vi`gt`h`ghm m tri`gtf sfhirlmtis li l`

airigtis hftikmräfs y gfh`mgf c`lflis auirmg fsis`gflms ig vfr`ms cukfris y pmr l`virsfs dfgirfs, hflfhufc dæs lmcmrmsf y ripukgfgti5 qui f dæs lic mo`spm y isms sfhirlmtis, auirmg du irtms d uhnms mtrmshfofccirms l`st`gku`lms, smorisfcìglm cms d `g`strmsOirkis y Oigätiz y ic nirdfgm lic t`rfgm, lmg Oi

g`kgm Cøpiz, cms huöflms lic d`sdm, Xfturg`gm Oilmyf y kigirfc Ofrr`ms, cms kigirfcis Orukuiz ycf dfymr pfrti li cms biais y buihis li cf hfp`tfc yli tmlf cf hfdpföf.

L`hi qui Cøpiz cms dftfof hmg àc a`g dfgàìstmli fpmlirfrsi li cf amrtugf li gfh`mgf cis y ixtrfg




??1 “

birfs, tigìglm duhnm hu`lflm li omrrfr tmlms cms

vist`k`ms li su giafglm hr`dig, y fsä irf qui , virà`hflfs isfs ibihuh`mgis, dftfof f cms ibihutmris pfrf gm lfr pruiof li sus `g`qu`lflis.

L`hi qui Cøpiz moc`kø f `gar`gk`r ic sihritm sfhrf

digtfc5 ig ic hmgais`mgfr`m si frdfofg rihäp rmhf digti huist`mgis igtri pig`tigtis y hmgaismris. Igpruiof li istm, riaìri ic `gtirrmkflm qui ic pflri_mlräkuiz ci l`bm qui àc gm quiräf hmgaisfr f susfd`kms pmr gm virsi moc`kflm f licftfrcms.

I c hfgøg`d m Ishmofr, ria`r`ø qui Cøpiz cm nfoäf

ritflm, pmrqui, hmgaisfglm f tfgtfs afd`c`fs li trf`lmris, d igif ci lfof f sfoir gflf, nfh`àglmci mosirvfr qui fc hfgøg`km Hmrvfcæg, pmr ic d`sdm hr`digli hfccfr, yf ci nfoäf ridfhnflm ugf ofrrf li kr`ccms5 y ic pf lri Zæiz, hurf li H mg hip h`øg , rid`t`øfc mo`spm cf hmgais`øg lic hfpuhn`gm arfy Ægkic liHfgfdfg`hm, sikòg àsti ria`r`ø fc lihcfrfgti5 kigirfcdigti nfocfglm, lispuàs li cfs hmgais`mgis f quisi moc`kfof fc ibàrh`tm y fc puiocm ig cms läfs li Zfshuf y li Xfg Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm, y mtrms sikòg ic fgtmbm li Cøpiz, sikuäfg cfs pr`s`mgis, cms tmrdigtmsy cms likóiccms. (Oæi z, " C f t `rfgäf ig ic Zfrfk u f y " , p æ k . ? 1 ; ) .

* *




“ ??= “

Lihcfrfh`øg lic prisoätirm Ofrtmcmd à Fku`rri, pfrfkufym, (6* li mhtuori li 6>10)

_ispmgl`ø qui cms hfst`kms hmg qui dfrt`r`zfofCøpiz f sus väht`dfs, irfg du hnms y oærofrms5 qui

si hfst`kfof f cms prisms hmg ic hipm f cf urukuf-yfgf, fzmtis, nfdoris y mtrfs d`äir`fs, y istm hmgic mobitm li frrfghfr li iccms cfs lihcfrfh`mgis quiquiräf ic t`rfgm5 qui hufglm irfg hmgluh`lms fc cukfr m pfrf bi lmgli lioäfg sir sfhrà`hflms, sus hmgluhtmris si ighfrkfofg li dfrt`r`zfrcms hmg cf pugtf li cf ispflf, y mtrfs ofrofr`lflis, li tfc dfgirf, qui fckugms gm fchfgzfofg ic cukfr li cf ibihuh`øg5 qui igtri cfs `ggud irfocis väht`d fs lic t`rfgm, rihuirlf ic lihcfrfgti f lmg D`kuic FzufkfIcurlmy, qui nf duirtm ig ic hipm li cf urukuf-yfgf, sus smor`gms Bmsà Yròi y sus nirdfgms, quidurìrmg cfghiflms, Lfgìc Qfcìgti y Kudirs`glm

Oigätiz, qui nforæg duirtm fzmtflms, y ugf `ga`g`lfl huyms gmdoris gm rihuirlf.

_ispmgl`ø qui cms hfst`kms irfg l`fr`ms y cms dæsftrmhis5 qui tmlms cms läfs viäf y mäf fzmtfr, s`g

hmgs`lirfh`øg li ilfl g` sixm, y cuikm aus`cfrsi ycfghifrsi, ugf `ga`g`lfl li kigtis5 qui tfgtm cmsixtrfgbirms hmdm cms gfh`mgfcis suaräfg tmlms cmsdfrt`r`ms qui quilfg digh`mgflms.

_ispmgl`ø qui igtri ic s`ggòdirm li väht`dfsqui nfoäfg pirih`lm ofbm cf t`rfgäf li Cøpiz, ri-




“ ??>

huirlf ic gmdori li cms pr`gh`pfcis y dæs l`st`g

ku`lms, hmdm ic mo`spm Fgtmg`m Zfcfh`ms, lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz, ic d`g`strm Oirkis, cms kigirfcis _mocis, Orukuiz y Ofrr`ms, lmg Xfturg`gm Oilmyf yic hmrmgic Fcig, tmlms cms idpciflms li cf Fluf gf,hfs` tmlms cms biais, buihis y hurfs li cf hfd pföf ,y tmlms cms ixtrfgbirms li dæs amrtugf5 y qui tmlms

cis oìgis li istfs v`ht`dæ`s irfg hmga`shflms y susafd`c`fs listirrflfs ig cms hmga`gis lic pfäs, hmg smcm ic vist`lm lic huirpm. (H . Oæiz, " C f t `rfgäf igi c Zfrfkufy" , pæk . ?>6 ) .

* #

Lihcfrfh`øg lic pflri Lic Hfrd ig Frzfd igl`f,pfrfkufym, (6> li mhtuori li 6>10) .

_ispmgl`ø qui sìglm hurf li cf Q`ccf li XfgZilrm, auà ig dfrzm lic prisigti föm, ccfdflm pmric kmoìrgm pfrf pristfr sus sirv`h`ms ig ic ibàrh`t m 5 qui c cikflm fcc ä , pulm hmdpriglir qui irf hmgs`lirflm pmr ic kmoìrgm hmdm hødpc`hi li cf hmgsp`rfh`øg qui `dfk`gfof nfhirsi ig Q`ccf Hmghiph`øg5 qui ic pf lri D fäz, bi ai li cms hu rfs , ci l`bm

cfs s`kuìgtis pfcforfs2 "Qmsmtrms cms hurfs licGmrti, istæ`s viglìglm vuistrf pftr`f, marihìglmf cms igid`kms igtrfr trùgafgtis ig vuistrfs rispiht`vfs pfrrmqu`fs". P qui läfs lispuàs, nfccæglmsi ic lihcfrfgti ig hurf li ugf igairdilfl, auàdfglflm fc hfcfomzm pmr ic d`sdm pflri Dfäz, quìg




“. ??0 “

Ti l`bm qui cm dfglfof prism pmr gm nfoir trfofbf

lm hmg vmcugtfl f cf pftr`f5 qui suar`ø cms dfymristmrdigtms ixpuistm fc smc y fc fkuf , y subitm fc r`kmr li tmlf d`sir`f, y hmg sid ibfgtis hruiclflis gmpmlräf sirv`r hmg lil`hfh`øg cf hfusf lic t`rfgm,gm mostfgti nfoir s`lm fc pr`gh`p`m li cf kuirrfugm li cms dæs frlmrmsms liaigsmris. . .

_ispmgl`ø qui iccms hmgs`stäfg ig ic hipm urukóf-yfgm y li cfzms, ig cms fzmtis, ig cms aus`cfdìgtms,ig cms cfghifdìgtms y mtrms duhnms qui pulm `dfk`gfr, y f istms tmrdigtms gm si ishfpfofg, g` sfhirlmtis, g` dubiris, g` hr`fturfs, pfkfglm li istfdfgirf tmlms cms qui istuvìrmg ig ic Zfrfkufy sutròutm fc t`rfgm.

L`bm dæs2 qui supm ig Xfg Zilrm nfoir l`hnmCøpiz qui ug krfg gòdirm li ixtrfgbirms, hmg duhnms gfh`mgfcis, amrdfrmg ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg hmgtrfic Kmoìrgm, rmofglm isms trf`lmris ic tismrm pfrf

pmlir sustigtfr isf hmgsp`rfh`øg, pmr cm qui dfgløpriglir f tmlms cms ixtrfgbirms ris`ligtis ig cfFsugh`øg y f ug krfg gò dirm li gfh`mgfcis y auirmg hmgluh`lms f prisigh`f li.Cøpiz, ig Xfg Airgfglm, lmgli tmlms tuvìrmg cf liskrfh`f li dmr`r,ugms cfghiflms, mtrms aus`cflms, tmlms dfrt`r`zflms

oærofrfdigti.L`bm tfdo`àg, qui tuvìrmg `kufc, a `g cfs pirsm

gfs dæs l`st`gku`lfs pmr su amrtugf y pms`h`øg, hmdm ic mo`spm Zfcfh`ms, lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz, ic kigirfc Ofrr`ms, cms d`g`strms Oirkis y Oigätiz, ic kigirfc Orukuiz, lmg Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, cms hmrmgi-






“ ?>6 “

hcfrfgti, nfccæglmsi mhupflm lisli cf duirti li

Oilmyf ig ic idpcim li \ismrirm, tigäf mrlig lihmdprfr krfsf pfrf ic nmsp`tfc, pirm qui gm nfccfglm ig ic hmdirh`m, hmdprø ug hnfghnm pfrf iciaihtm, li cm qui tigìglm gmt`h`f Cøpiz, dfgløpriglirci, l`hìglm qui àc irf trf`lmr y qui gikmh`fof hmg ic l`girm lic Istflm.

_ispmgl`ø qui ug `gl`v`lum c cfdflm Higtur`øg,istfof ighfrkflm li tmdfr cfs lihcfrfh`mgis f cmsrims, y qui ig istms `gtirrmkftmr`ms f auirzf lifzmtis y mtrfs tmrturfs, hufcquìr lihcfrfh`øg afcsffrrfgifof li cms rims, sifg dubiris, sifg sfhirlmtis, sifg vìbms m hr`fturfs, fpc`hæglmcis lispuàs ichipm li urukufyfgf, f cms qui duy pmhfs väht`df ssmoriv`vìrmg, qui flid æs li istms hfst`kms, cms prisms gm pmläfg sir fs`st`lms pmr sus afd`c`fs y quicis lfofg li hmdir li vi`gt`huftrm ig vi`gt`huftrmnmrfs smcfdigti, li hfrgi li cms fg`d fcis duirtmsig àc hfd pm, nfh`àglmcis suar`r li isti dmlm cf df

ymr d`sir`f, sìglm duhnfs vihis cf hfrgi yf putriafhtf y durìglm, pmr hmgs`kuìgti, cf dfymr pfrtili cms prisms li nfd ori.

L`bm dæs2 qui gm puili fhfofr li riair`r cfshruiclflis hmdit`lfs pmr ic hmrmgic Dfrhø y Higtur`øg, pmr mrlig li Cøpiz, pmr sir tfgtfs y qui

pfsf f `gl`hfr cms gmdoris li cfs väht`dfs qui suhudoìrmg hmg cms hfst`kms l`hnms, y li qui is àcd`sdm tist`km mhucfr, y smg2 cms prisoätirms Fhmstfy Bfquis, qui lispuàs li nfoir s`lm fzmtflms6 guivi läfs hmgsihut`vms y puistms f cf viz ig ic hipmli cf urukufyfgf , vìglm qui gm dmräfg, auirmg




“ ?8? “

cfghiflms5 cms prisoätirms D il`gf, Kfv`cæg, Ægkic

D frfd`hm (hfpuhn`gm), Airr`mc, qui du r`ø li nfd ori, y du hnms mtrms huyms gmdoris gm rihuirlf, igtri cms hufcis nfoäfg duhnms omc`v`fgms y mtrms ixtrfgbirms gikmh`fgtis, y qui cms oìgis li tmlms auirmg hmga`shflms pmr ic Kmo ìrgm. ..

_ispmgl`ø qui g`gkòg nmdori sigsftm lic Zfrf

kufy s`rv`ø f Cøpiz hmg lil`hfh`øg, y qui ic pmpucfhnm istfof ftirrmr`zflm y moc`kflm f sirv`r hmdmishcfvm, sìglm ic qui hmg d fy mr lil `hfh`øg ci sirväf5 y qui tfgtm is virlfl cm qui fhfof li lih`r,qui tmlfs cfs pirsmgfs li fckugf hmgs`lirfh`øg irfgtrftflfs hmdm trf`lmris, tigìglm sìdpri ug a`gd`sirfoci, du rìglm duhnms likmccflms, du hnms aus`cflms, du hnms cfghiflms, y du hnms ofbm mtrfs ftrmh`lflis 2 hmdm nfdori, fzmtis, ith.

Zrikugtflm s` irfg arihuigtis cms hfst`kms, aus`cfdìgtms, rispmgl`ø qui irfg hfs` l`fr`ms.. • y quis`g ixhiph`øg li gfh`mgfc`lfl , irfg tmlms hmgs`lirflms trf`lmris y väht`dfs li `ga`g`lfl li hfst`kms,

cm d`sdm qui cms pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf, qui cm irfgtfdo`àg li tmlms cms hfst`kms `gvigtflms pmr Cøpizy pmr sus virlukms . . .

_ispmgl`ø qui Cøpiz, quirìglm sft`safhir f su`gst`gtm sfgku`gfr`m, arfkuø ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg, igqui lihäf tmdfr pfrti, tfgtm gfh`mgfcis hmdm ix

trfgbirms 2 cms dæs r`hms lic Zfrfkufy , quìgis auirmg duirtms tmlms f cfgzf, aus`c y dfrt`/r`ms qui yflibfdms digh`mgflms5 pmr cm qui ic lihcfrfgti buzkf qui cf riair`lf hmgsp`rfh`øg gm auà s`gm ug pritixtm li Cøpiz pfrf hmga`shfr cms oìgis li isms `gaic`his.






pirm tigìglm ic lihcfrfgti istul`flfs cfs hmsfs y

prisigh`fglm ic prmhil`dìgtm ig ic d`sdm Cøpizig Xfg Airgfglm, ic hufc dfglø aus`cfr fc mo`spm y tird`gfr higtigfris li v`lfs, sifg ixtrfgbirms m gfh`mgfcis, pfr ic aòt`c pritixtm ici ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg, ic lihcfrfgti auà hmgmhìglm qui cf kuirrf pfrf Cøpiz irf li `gtiràs pirsmgfc suym, y qui

irf ugm li cms dfymris t`rfgms5 cm qui quirvf irffhfofr hmg cf pmocfh`øg pfrfkufyf , puis qui tf`-hmgsp`rfh`øg gughf ix`st`ø, f pisfr li gm tigir iclihcfrfgti gughf v`stm, cms prmhisms f qui rispmglìrmg cms trf`lmris hmdm ccfdfof Cøpiz, cms hufcis, ig hufgtm fc lihcfrfgti, qui cms hmgmhäf f hfs` tmlms irfg `gmhigtis i `ghfpfhis ig igvmcvirsiig cf tfc `dfk`gflf hmgsp`rfh`øg. L `bm dæs, quitmlfväf tuvm dæs dmt`vm pfrf hmgmhir lispuàs quicf hfusf li Cøpiz gm irf bustf, qui ic d`sdm lihcfrfgti, nfoìglm sirv`lm sìdpri hmg pugtufc`lfl, auà trftflm ig cfs Hmrl`ccirfs hmdm trf`lmr,nfoìglm s`lm nfstf prism hfg aìrrms y hipm y fofg

lmgflm f cf `gtidpirì.Zr ik ug tfl m, ½hu æc cfs hruiclflis prfht`hflfs

pmr Cøpiz, cms gmdoris y hmgl`h`øg li sus väht`dfs= _ispmgl`ø qui bfdæs fhfofräf s` ic lihcfrfgti auisi f igud irfr cfs hcfsis li hruiclflis prfht`hflfs pmr Cøpiz5 qui ofstf li h`r qui isi t`rfg m

dfctrftø f sus prmp`ms nirdfgms, y sikòg nf mälmlih`r, hmgsirvø pmr duhnm tìdpm prisf f su prmp`f dflri. Vui cms hfst`kms dæs usufcis ig ic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym irfg ic hipm li cf \Brukufyfgf,aìrrms, fzmtis y fofglmgfr cfs väht`dfs f cf `gtidpirì, s`g hmdir. Vui auirmg aus`cflms,' @mg-




“ ?89 “

hiflms y dfrt`r`zflms ic nirdfgm lic pr mp `m t`rf

gm, Oig`kgm Cøpiz, sus huöflms, ic kigirfc Ofrr`msy Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, cms kigirfcis Oròkuiz y _mocis, cms d`g`strms Oirkis y Oigätiz, ic mo`spm Zfcfh`ms, cms hmrmgicis Fcid y Gòöiz, ig a `g, ugf `ga`g`lfl ig sfhirlmtis, biais y buihis li hfdpföf,cms idpciflms ig cf flufgf y duhnms ixtrfgbirms,`dpmrtfgtis gikmh`fgtis ig cf hùlfl li cf Fsugh`øg tuvìrmg ic d`sdm list`gm.

Zrikugtflm ½quà a`g tuvìrmg cfs afd`c`fs litmlms isms `gaic`his y løgli si nfccfofg sus oìgis= _ispmgl`ø qui cfs afd`c`fs li isms `gaic`his,lispuàs li tmdfrcis ic òct`dm mobitm, irfg listirrflfs pfrf ic `gtir`mr lic pfäs, ugfs hfs` lisgulfs, mtrfs fpigfs hmg ic vist`lm lic huirpm, y quicms oìgis pirtigihìgtis f cms `gaic`his irfg hmga`shflms pmr mrlig li Cøpiz.

Zrikugtflm s` ½tìgi fckugf hmsf qui föfl`r fsus lihcfrfh`mgis= _i spmg l`ø qui du hnfs hmsfstìgi qui lih`r, pirm qui pfrf dmstrfr cf t`rfgäf

li Cøpiz ofstf lih`r qui lispuàs li nfoir duirtmhfs` tmlm ic sixm dfshuc`gm, frd ø ig cfs hmrl`ccirfs oftfccmgis li dubiris, cms hufcis d frhn frmghmg àc amrdflms. Vui flidæs, Cøpiz nfoìglm fhfoflm hmg cf pmocfh`øg pfrfkufyf, tfdo`àg fhfoøhmg cf amrtugf,, pm r hufgtm gm ighmgtrfof g` s`quì

rf ugf kfcc`gf pfrf hmdprfr, pmrqui tfgtm ouiyishmdm vfhfs, hfofccms y mvibfs, Cøpiz mrligø rihmkir pfrf cms kfstms lic ibàrh`tm y li sus sirv`h`mspfrt`hucfris, dìgtrfs qui f pisfr li tmlm ism yli nfccfrsi cfs hmd`sfräfs ccigfs li l`girm y väviris, dmräfg li nfd ori smclflms, afd`c`fs, sfhirlm

tis

lidæs idpciflms.






ig mtrms pugtms làirigtis hmdm Pnò, Hffkufzò

y \irihföy. L`hi qui ic lihcfrfgti istfof prismig Hffhupà y auà puistm ig còirtfl ic läf mghilic dis prøx`dm pfsflm, y auà ccivflm f prisigh`f lic hmrmgic Dfriø, ic hufc ci l`bm qui ig rihmgmh`dìgtm li cf krfh`f qui ci ofhäf Cøpiz læglmci còirtfl, qui ic lihcfrfgti idpuöfsi cfs frdfs

y cm fhmdpföfsi ig su liaigsf5 l`hi dæs, quiic lihcfrfgti suar`ø ic supc`h`m lic hipf f cf \Bru-kufyfgf ic hufc hmgs`sti ig ftfr ug aus`c ig cfshmrvfs li cfs pìrgfs, y hmcmhfr huftrm, si`s y nfstfmhnm frdfs li auikm y mtrfs vihis lìz smori cfguhf, li d mlm qui amrzfg lm cf väht`d f f lmocfrhmdpcitfdigti cf isp`gf lmrsfc si ighuigtrig cfsfrdfs li igh`df hmg ic aus`c li cfs pìrgfs quilfglm ic pfhìgti hmg cf hfoizf pfrf fofbm igtricms nuisms hmg cf hfrf d`rfglm pfrf ftræs. Vuiic lihcfrfgti suar`ø dæs li t`gf viz y pmr duhnfsnmrfs, qui auà fpc`hflm f hfs` tmlms cms prisms.

Z r i k u g t f l m 2 ½ s` irfg arihu igtis cms hfst`kms y

aus`cfdìgtms ig ic ibàrh`tm li Cøpiz= _ispmgl`øqui sä. ½Huæc irf ic s`stidf li Cøpiz pfrf iv`tfrlisirh`mgis ig su ibàrh`tm= _ispmgl`ø qui cf ixhis`vf v`k`cfgh`f li ug smclflm smori mtrm, nfstf icpugtm li qui hufglm lisirtfof ug smclflm, rispmgläfg pmr àc cms hmdpföirms qui quilfofg f

lirihnf i `zquìrlf, y qui rispmgläfg hmg cf v`lfisms hmdpfö irms, hmdm tfdo`àg sus afd`c`fs y pfrìgtis, prmpfkfglm Cøpiz ig su ibàrh`tm qui cms

. fc`flms dmräfg li nfd ori y d`sir`fs ig sus hfdpfdigtms.

Zrikugtflm qui s` ic ibàrh`tm y cf pmocfh`øg pf-




“ >>

rækóæyf ì moilihäfg f àc y quà gòdirm li nmd

oris ci fhmdpföf fòg ig su liaigsf= _ispmgl`øqui ig ic pr`gh`p`m li cf kuirrf nfoäf lil`hfh`øgigtri fckugms, y qui mtrms ripicäfg, dfs gm tigäfghmrfbi pfrf lihcfrfr su mp`g`øg hmgtrf Cøpiz5pmrqui nfstf ig ic Hmgkrism gm si pmläf nfocfrhmgtrf àc s`g pic`krm li duirti, y pm r ism is l àä h`c lih`r, s` fckugf lil`hfh`øg nfoäf f afvmr li àc.

Zrikugtflm ½huæcis smg cms kigirfcis y biaispfrfkufyms ibihutflms pmr Cøpiz= _ispmgl`ø quinf mälm lih`r kigirfcdigti qui pmr mrlig li Cøpiz auirmg ibihutflms ic kigirfc _mocis, ic kigir f c Of rr`ms (huöflm li à c) , ic kigirfc O ròk ui z ymtrms duhnms biais li `gair`mr hftikmräf, sìglm

tfdo`àg ibihutflms pmr mrlig li Cøpiz dìdormsli su afd`c`f, hmdm su nirdfgm Oig`kgm Cøpiz ysu huöflm Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, y flidæs li àstmsic mo`spm Dfguic Fgtmg`m Zfcfh`ms y cms d`g`strmsOirkis y Oigätiz.

Zrikugtflm s` tìgi fckm dæs qui lih`r smori cfs

prikugtfs qui ci auirmg nihnfs. Vui istfglm iclihcfrfgti prism ig Hffhupà, auà ig cf pr`s`øg amrzflm pmr ic hmrmgic Dfrhø, f cfs lìz li cf gmhnif a`rdfr lms rihòms afcsms, l`hìglm qui ig hfc`lfl li hmcihtmr nfoäf rihò`lm li Lmd`gkm Zfrm-l` y lic hmdirh`fgti ispfömc lmg Bmsà Xmcäs ugf

krfg sudf li l`girm hmrrispmglìgti fc vfcmr lidæs li hìg d`c huirms y duhnfs frrmofs li hirlfs, huym gòdirm li frrmofs gm puili ixprisfr yvi`gti huirms li t`kri f lms pisms y cf frrmof lihirlf f mhnm rifcis, cms huirms li vfhf f huftrmrifcis 5 ic lihcfrfgti g`gkòg l`girm rihò`ø g` v`m




“ ?80 “

sidibfgtis huirms, qui si lihäfg ig cms rihòms is

tfr ig cms fcdfhigis li lmg N`cfr`m _ihfcli y igugf hfsf hirhf li cf istfh`øg lic airrm-hfrr`c li cf

\r`g`lfl, ig ic fcdfhàg lic Zfrqui li Gmhilf,y ig cf qu`gtf li lmg F ci bm Kufgis ig làirigtispfrt`lfs. L`hi dæs2 qui ic lihcfrfgti a `rdø cms

rihòms, sìglm `gtirvigtmr lmg Bufg Bmsà F cmg

sm, qui tfdo`àg cms a ` rd ø, cms hufcis ix`stig ig pmlir li cms `gtirisflms. L`hi a `gfcdigti qui sidibfgtis rihòms auirmg rmtms y moYkfrmg fc lihcfrfgti f a`rdfr guivms rihòms hmg lftms fctirflfs y

qui istfofg lftflms li Z`ròiouy y qui ic lihcfrfgti istfof ig Hffhupà5 qui sìglm ugf lftf lic

c 0 li I g i r m cf mtrf irf lic ?6 li isi dis, y qui

gm hmdo`gfofg g` ig cf amrdf g` ig ic amglm hmg

cf virlfl. Ig hmghcus`øg l`hi ic lihcfrfgti qui

nfhäf cfs lihcfrfh`mgis s`g g`gkugf v`mcigh`f y hmg

tmlf ispmgtfgi`lfl y hmdm gm l`hi dæs, g` auà p r i kugtflm, l`øsi pmr a`g pmr hmghcu`lm isti `gtirrmkftmr`m qui vf a `rdflm pmr ic lihcfrfgti, pmr cms

dìdorms li cf hmd`s`øg d`xtf, siömr lmg A r f g h`shm Airri`rf Hmrrif, buiz ig lirihnm, dìdorm li

cf Bugtf li cf Bust`h`f D`c`tfr, lmg Dftim Hmccfr,buiz lic hr`dig li pr`dirf `gstfgh`f y pmr cms si

hritfr`ms fofbm digh`mgflms. P ym G`hfgmr Ofsfc-lòf, qui ishròä ig ic `dpil`digtm lic sihritfr`m

lmg Mtmgìc Ziöf, qui fs`kgø.@s`lrm F P F C F , Arfgh`shm AI__I@_F HM

__IF, Dftim HMCCF_, G`hfgmr O F X F C -

LÒF, _f`duglm _ ML _Ä KY IR O F \ D F .

Hmg `kufcis amrdfc`lflis si tmdfrmg cfs lihcf

rfh`mgis prihiligtis.




~ . ?<:

Lihcfrfh`øg fci Bufg Bmsà Fcmgsm. (66 li Xiptìdori li 6>10)

½Hødm si c cfdf= Bufg Bmsà Fcmgsm. ½Xu ilfl,prmais`øg, gfturfc`lfl y istflm= _ is pm g l` ø2 quiirf idpciflm pòoc`hm, gfturfc lic Zfrfkufy, smctirm y li vi`gti y mhnm föms li ilfl.

½Huæc irf ic idpcim qui ibirhäf= _ispmgl`ø quiirf ma`h`fc `gtirvigtmr li cf hmcihturäf li Z`ròi-ouy. ½X` sirväf hmg lil`hfh`øg f cf hfusf li Cøpiz= _ispmgl`ø, qui gm5 qui sirväf moc`kflm, pfrfiv`tfr cfs hruiclflis li àc ig ricfh`øg f su afd`c`fy ic prmp`m lihcfrfgti, puis qui ic t`rfgm sfhrà`hfof cms sigt`dìgtms li bust`h`f, sft`safhäf susml`ms ig vigkfgzfs y pirsihuh`mgis ftrmhis, li cmqui nfy gudirmsms ibidpcms.

½X` sfoi ic cukfr løgli puilfg ix`st`r pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf y cfs afd`c`fs qui auirmg moc`kflfsf fofglmgfr sus `gtirisis y lmd`h`c`ms= _ispmgl`ø

qui duy pmhms pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf pmlræg ix`st`r nmy, pmr hufgtm cms qui gm durìrmg ig cms hfcfomzms, ig cms trfofbms amrzflms, li pisti, suhudoìrmg li nfdori y li d`sir`f5 ig krfg pfrti auirm g cfghifl ms y aus`cflm s. L `hi qui cfs afd `c`fsaui rmg ig kigirfc listirrflfs, pir m qui du hnfs

puilig sir ighmgtrflfs pr`gh`pfcdigti ig Pnò yHffkufzò.

Zrikugtflm. ½Huæcis cfs hruiclflis prfht`hflfspmr Cøpiz, cms gmdoris y hmgl`h`mgis li sus väht`dfs= _ispmgl`ø qui cfs huiclflis irfg s`g gòd irm, y kigirfcdigti fpc`hflfs f tmlms s`g ixhiph`øg,




] ?<6 “

d`sdm f ixtrfgbirms i `gmhigtis, cms tmrdigtms dæs

ftrmhis hmd m ic hipm li cf uru ku fyf gf , cms fzmtis,y cfs tmrturfs, ic nfdori, pfrf pmr isi dil`m frrfghfr lihcfrfh`mgis afcsfs duhnfs vihis ig pirbu`h`mli cfs d`sdfs väht`dfs, fckugms li cms hufcis ic li hcfrfgti hmgmh`ø y dæs flicfgti digh`mgfræ susgmdoris.

½X` sfoi huæc is ic gòdirm li smclflms li quisi hmdpmgäf ic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym fc pr`gh`p`m licf kuirrf, su mrkfg`zfh`øg, l`sh`pc`gf, frdfdigtmy trftm= _ispmgl`ø qui supmgi si hmdpmgäf li sitigtf f mhnigtf d`c nmdoris, ig kigirfc dfc vist`lms y dfc frdflms, hmg ugf mrkfg`zfh`øg y l`sh`pc`gf rikucfr y pirhòìglm pmr sus sirv`h`ms li tìd

pm ig tìdpm ugf d`sirfoci rihmdpigsf, qui sipuili hfchucfr f rfzøg li lms m tris pisms pmr föm(ig o`ccitis li hursm amrzmsm).

½Huæc is ic gòdirm li smclflms y ma`h`fcis pfrfkufyms duirtms ig cf kuirrf y s` tmlms pirihìrmgig hmdofti= _ispmgl`ø qui duhnms ma`h`fcis du

rìrmg aus`cflms y pmr dmt`vm li acfkicms, sìglmqui cf d fymr pfrti pirihìrmg ig hmd ofti5 ighufgtm f cms smclflms, is hfs`- `dpmsòci hfchucfr pmrsu `ga`g`lfl cms qui suhud oìrmg fc pism li v`mcigh`f y tfdo`àg ig pfrti li nfd ori y d`sir`f, s`g nf ocfr li cms qui durìrmg ig hmdoftis rispiht`vms y

li krfg dmrtfglfl.½X` irfg arihuigtis cms hfst`kms y aus`cfdìgtmsig ic ibàrh`tm li Cøpiz y s` cms pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf y ixtrfgbirms irfg tfdo`àg trftflms hmg v`kmr =

_ispmgl`ø qui cms hfst`kms irfg l`fr`ms y oærofrms5qui cms aus`cfdìgtms y cfghifdìgtms irfg duy




“ ?<? “

aridigtis ig ic ibàrh`tm, y qui si ixtigläfg nfstf

f cfs afd`c`fs ici cms ma`h`fcis y smclflms5 qui cmspr`s`mgirms li kuirrf, ixtrfgbirms li hufcquìr gfh`mgfc`lfl, irfg trftflms hmg lidfs`flm r`km r,puis qui auir mg fzmtflms, aus`cflms y cfghiflmspmr ic afcsm pritixtm li ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg `gvigtflf pmr Cøpiz, pfrf sft`safhir sus `gst`gtms sfgku`gfr`ms,

sihuistrfr cms oìgis li fquiccms qui tigäfgamrtugf y listirrfr cfs afd`c`fs li isms `gaic`his.Zrikugtflm. ½Zmr cfs väht`dfs dæs hmgmh`lfs pmr

su amrtugf m pms`h`øg, y cms dmt`vms pmr quà auirmgsfhrà `hflms= _ispmgl`ø qui hmgamrdi lihcfrø fgtir`mrdigti fnmrf vf f lis`kgfr cms gmdoris li cfsväht`dfs dæs l`st`gku`lfs qui auirmg aus`cflfs pmr

Cøpiz, y qui sikòg nf mälm lih`r, suarìrmg hipmf cf urukufyfgf y mtrms supc`h`ms, sìglm pirsmgfsduy rispitfocis pmr su hfc`lfl, amrtugf y pms`h`øg,s`g ishfpfrsi f su `gst`gtm sfgku `gfr`m, su prmp`mnirdfgm hcmg O ig `kgm Cøp iz, sus huöflms ic kigirfc Ofrr`ms y Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, y qui f cf pfr li

àstms aui rmg `kufcd igti aus`cflms ic mo`sp m lmgDfguic Fgtmg`m Zfcfh`ms, cms kigirfcis _mocis yOrukuiz, cms hmrmgicis Fcig y Gòöiz y cms hmdfglfgtis Airgægliz y Kødiz, ic høgsuc li ZmrtukfcBmsà Dfräf Ci`ti Ziri`rf, ic v`hihøgsuc Qfshmghi-ccms, s`g digh`mgfr mtrms duhnms gfh`mgfcis y .ix

trfgbirms qui durìrmg ig cfs pr`s`mgis, li nfdori y li d`sir`f, y qui cms dmt`vms pmrqui auirmgsfhrà`hflms irfg ar`mcirfs.

Zrikugtflm ½s` ic ibàrh`tm y pmocfh`øg pfrfkufyms, irfg flnir`lms fc l`htflmr Cøpiz, y huæc ic gòdirm li nmdoris qui fòg ci fhmdpföf ig su li-




“ ?<8 “

aigsf= _ispmgl`ø qui d àc ibàrh`tm g` cf pmocfh`øg

l`st`gku`lf lic Zfrfkufy pmläfg sir fl`htms f ugt`rfgm hmdm Cøpiz, y qui søcm pmr ic tirrmr ci moilihäfg hìkfdigti5 qui søcm cms `kgmrfgtis li ofbfhmgl`h`øg pmlräfg fhmdpföfr su hfusf, igkföflmspmr cms næo`tms li cf iluhfh`øg bisuät`hf, y pmr ugfmp`g`øg afcsf amrdflf lic pfäs y li sus nfo`tfgtis,`gstrudigtms li pfs`mgis lic l`htflmr Arfgh`f ysus suhismris Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz y su n`bm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz5 qui istms t`rfgms sìdpri auirmg ripic`lms pmr cf mp`g`øg sigsftf li cms nmdorislic Zfrfkufy, pirm qui cis afctfof còirtfl pfrfdfgàistfr- sus sigt`dìgtms pmr pfcforfs y morfs5qui hfchucf qui Cøpiz puili tigir hmgs`km tris

d`c pirsmgfs, igtrfglm -ig isi gòdirm vìbms yhr`fturfs.

Zrikugtflm ½huæc irf ic s`stidf qui idpcifofCøpiz pfrf iv`tfr cf lisirh`øg li su ibàrh`tm= _ispmgl`ø qui cms smclflms gm lisirtfofg ig dfsf pmrqui sfoäfg qui sus afd`c`fs siräfg sfhrà`hflfs, cm

d`sdm fl`ltms qui g`öms5 qui si ibirhäf ugf v`k `cfgh`f tfc smori ic ibàrh`tm, qui s` ug smclflm silisirtfof, rispmgläfg pmr àc hmg cf v`lf, gm søcm icma`h`fc qui hmdfg lfof, s`gm tfdo`àg sus hmdpfö irms dæs `gdil`ftms.

½X` tìgi fckugf hmsf dæs qui föfl`r f cfs pri

kugtfs qui ci auirmg nihnfs= _ispmgl`ø qui istfglm ugf mhfs`øg frristflm igtri mtrms prisms, ic lihcfrfgti auà moc`kflm f a`rdfr fc hmrmgic D frhølms rihòms smori ugf sudf li l`girm qui nfoäf rihò`lm àc hmcihtmr kigirfc lmg @s`lrm F yfcf, prismtfdo`àg igtmghis, `dpmrti li dæs li hìg d`c hui-




“ ?<< “

rms, f rfzøg li huftrm rifcis hflf huirm, fckugfs

frrmofs li siom, qui gm rihuirlf ic gòdirm, s`gnfoir v`stm g` sfo`lm tfc hfgt`lfl li l`girm g`huirms.

L`hi dæs, qui pmr ic høgsuc `tfc`fgm nfoäf dfglflm fc ixtir`mr Cøpiz, cf sudf li vi`gti d`c pisms auirtis, hu ym list`gm `kg mrf , gm rihmrl fgl mtfdpmhm ic gmdori lic h`tflm høgsuc.

Lihcfrfh`øg li Lmd `gkm Zfrml`. (6; li Xiptìdorili 6>10)

½Huæc is su ilfl, istflm, prmais`øg y gfturfc`lfl= _ispmgl`ø tigir hufrigtf föms, sir hfsflm,

prmais`øg dàl`hm-quäd`hm, gfturfc li @tfc`f.Zrikugtflm, ½huægtms föms ris`li ig ic Zfrf

kufy= _ispmgl`ø qui trihi föms.Zrikugtflm ½s` tigäf ricfh`mgis hmg Cøpiz y fòg

hmg pirsmgfs qui hmdpmgäfg su kmoìrgm= _ispmgl`ø qui si`s disis fgtis li idpizfr cf kuirrf gm

tigäf ricfh`mgis hmg Cøpiz g` hmg su kmoìrgm5 pirm li isi tìdpm ig flicfgtf ic-d`sdm Cøpiz ix`k`ø sus sirv`h`ms. L`hi qui ig isf mhfs`øg ic lihcfrfgti qu`sm rit`rfrsi li istf _ipòoc`hf, dfs Cøpiz`gs`st`ø pfrf qui ic lihcfrfgti quilfsi, hmcihh`mgfglm mobitms lic pfäs pfrf sir rid`t`lms ig d`c

mhnmhìgtms sisigtf y sìti f cf Ixpms`h`øg li Zfräs, fkrikfglm qui ic lihcfrfgti siräf ugm li cmsriprisigtfgtis lic Zf rfku fy ig cf riair`lf I xp ms`h`øg, y qui hmg àc `räfg ig ug vfpmr arfghàs cmsmtrms lms dìdorms li cf hmd`s`øg, yf qui tigäfgqui quilfr ig cf Fsugh`øg Oirkis y Oilmyf.




“ ?<9 “

L`hi dæs, qui ig isi sigt`lm hmdigzfrmg f trf

ofbfr5 pirm qui gm si rid`t`ø g`gkòg mobitm f cfIxpms`h `øg li Zfräs .Lihcfrf qui ci hudpci ixpmgir lms dmt`vms li

risigt`dìgtm hmg ricfh`øg f Cøpiz. Zr`dirm qui,tigìglm ug nirdfgm krfvidigti igairdm ig Hff -hupà, hirhf lic Huf rtic Kigirfc, lmgli si nfccfof iclihcfrfgti, lisiø vir su nirdfgm hmdm irf gfturfcy smhmrrircm pmr tmlms cms dil`ms f su fchfghi yqui pfrf ug a`g tfg bustm, Cøpiz gm ci l`m pird`sm , y qui fpigfs ci libø `r f v`s`tfrcm ig cms pfrmx`sdms li cf duirti.

Xikuglm, qui sfoìglm Cøpiz piraihtfdigti quiic lihcfrfgti g`gkòg hmgmh`dìgtm tigäf li cf hmgs

p`rfh`øg qui si `dfk`gfof ' ix`st`r hmg trf àc y sukmoìrgm, tmlfväf ci n`zm hødpc`hi li tfc hmgsp`rfh`øg5 pirm qui pfrf mstigtfr ug fhtm li kigirms`lfl, ci pirlmgø cf v`lf, y hmg isti frti ist`ducø fclihcfrfgti f pristfr li guivm sus sirv`h`ms ofbm cfpris`øg lic tirrmr.

L`hi dæs, qui sìglm ccfdflm li guivm ig gmvìdori, ig Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, Cøpiz ci pird`t`øhmgvirsfr hmg ic hmdfglfgti `tfc`fgm li cf hfömgirf "Frl`tf" , i c hufc prikugtæglmci s ` ix `st äf hmgsp`rfh`øg, ic lihcfrfgti rispmgl`ø qui gm sfoäf, pfrf li isi dmlm gm `ghurr`r ig cf ml`ms`lfl li Cø

piz, s` pmr vigturf l`bisi qui duhnms `tfc`fgms nfoäfg s`lm fsis`gflms, hmdm irf pòoc`hm y gmtmr`m.L`hi dæs, qui pisfglm smori ic lihcfrfgti cf smspihnf li hmgsp`rflmr, buzkø pruligti gm pil`r c`high`f pfrf rit`rfrsi hmg su afd`c`f ig cf hfömgirf `tfc`fgf, pmrqui s` cm n`hìsi, Cøpiz cm tiglräf




“ ?<1 “

hmdm hr`d`gfc y ci lfräf cf suirti qui tuvìrmg du

hnms li sus hmdpftr`mtfs. L`hi qui cms hmdfglfgtis li cms vfpmris qui v`gìrmg fc Zfrfkufy lurfgti cf kuirrf y prmhiligtis li pfäsis ixtrfgbirms,ig viz ici dibmrfr cf s`tufh`øg li sus hmdpftr`mtfs,nfhäfg cm hmgtrfr`m, pfrf fkrflf r f Cø pi z, læglmsipmr sft`saihnms hmg hufcquìr ixpc`hfh`øg aòt`c quicis lfofg.

Zrikugtflm ½s` sfoi qui ic l`htflmr Cøpiz rihòäf smhmrrms lic ixtir`mr ig väviris, frdfdigtms ydug`h`mgis ici kuirrf= _ispmgl`ø qui nfoìglm istflm fckugfs vihis ig ic ibàrh`tm li Cøpiz, mosirvø qui àc rihòäf fckugms kàgirms, väviris y dil`hfdigtms, qui ci irfg sud`g`strflms lurfgti cf kui

rrf pmr cms vfpmris ixtrfgbirms, hmdm ic lihcfrfgtituvm mhfs`øg li vir ig cf Fgkmsturf cfs hfömgirfs" L i h ` l à i " ( ar f g h is f ), " F r l ` t f " (`t fc`f g f) y""[fsp" ( `gkcisf) . L`hi i c lih cfrfgti qui gm v`mcms mobitms lisidofrhflms, pmr ism gm puili lih`rcms vfpmris qui sud`g`strfofg, dfs supm qui irfg

kàgirms rih`àg ccikflms.Zri ku gtf lm ½ huæc irf ic gòd irm li smclflms li

qui si hmdpmgäf ic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym fc pr`gh`p`mli cf kuirrf y huægtms nmdoris Cøpiz pusm smoricfs frdfs hmg cf hmgt`gufh`øg li cf kuirrf= _ispmgl`ø qui hufglm pr`gh`p`ø cf kuirrf, ic ibàrh`tmpfrfkufym tigäf hirhf li sisigtf d`c nmdoris, yqui hmg cf hmgt`gufh`øg li cf kuirrf Cøpiz tuvmsuhis`vfdigti qui frdfr tmlf cf pmocfh`øg dfshuc`gf lisli cms lìz nf,stf cms sisigtf föms5 föflìglm ic lihcfrfgti qui li ugf pmocfh`øg li si`s-




“ ?<; “

hìgtfs d`c fcdfs fgtis li cf kuirrf, søcm ix`stig

nmy hìg d`c nfo`tfgtis.Zrikugtflm ½s` ic ibàrh`tm y pmocfh`øg pfrfkufyms irfg fl`htms f cf hfusf li Cøpiz, y huæc ic gòdirm li nmdoris qui fòg ci fhmdpföfg ig su liaigsf= _ispmgl`ø qui g` ic ibàrh`tm, g` cf pmocfh`øglic Zfrfkufy sigtäfg igtus`fsdm pmr Cøpiz, pirm

qui tmlms moilihäfg hìkfdigti y s`g riacix`mgfrpmr ic tirrmr qui `gsp`rfof su oærofrm lispmt`sdm,f hfusf li ugf iluhfh`øg bisuät`hf qui n`zm li cfpmocfh`øg ugf dfsf pfs`vf li moilìgh`f, cf quiridmgtf fc tìdpm lic l`htflmr Arfgh`f. L`hi dæs,qui gm nfoäf kmoìrgm s`gm mpris`øg5 qui søcm Cøpiz licòirfof y dfglfof, sìglm sus ørligis aìc

digti ibihutflfs pmr tmlms, y ¡ f y li fquiccms quipmr vigturf msfsig dfgàistfrsi ig sigt`lm hmgtrfr`m f sus litird`gfh`mgis. L`hi a`gfcdigti qui Cøpiz tfc viz tigkf nmy hmgs`km dæs li lms d`c qu`gìgtms nmdoris, pirm hfs` hìrtm qui gm tìgi dæsqui d`c qu`gìgtms hfpfhis li hmdoft`r ig liaigsf

li su pirsmgf.Zr ik ug tfl m. ½ Huæcis cms gmd oris li cfs väht`d fs

dæs hmgmh`lfs pmr su amrtugf m pms`h`øg h`v`c ig icZfrfkufy y qui auirmg aus`cflfs pmr mrlig li Cøpiz = _i spm gl `ø qui cfs pr`gh`pfcis väht`dfs sm g 2su nirdfgm Oig`kgm Cøpiz y sus huöflms cms kigi

rfcis Oilmyf y Ofrr`ms, sus d`g`strms Oirkis y Oi-gätiz, mo`spm Dfguic Fgtmg`m Zfcfh`ms, lmg ZilrmOfrr`ms , ömr. Oirgfrlm (Dic cflm , Q`higti y Fglràs Yrlfp`ccitf, ugf krfg hfgt`lfl li sfhirlmtis,y cf dfymr pfrti li cms idp ciflms li kmoìrgm, s`gixhiptufr buihis y hmdfglfgtis urofgms, gm dàg-




“ ?<> “

h`mgfglm ug krfg gòd irm li hmdirh`fgtis, prmpì

tfr`ms y pfrt`hucfris.Zrikugtflm. ½X` tuvm fckugf viz hmgtrftm hmdirh`fc hmg ic kmoìrgm lic Zfrfkufy, m tìgi gmt`h`fli qui mtrm cm tigkf hmg àc y li quà dfgirf=

_ispmgl`ø qui gughf tuvm hmg ic kmoìrgm gikmh`m fckugm, pirm qui df lfd f Cyghn prmpusm fc lihcfrfgti cf hmdprf li hufrigtf y tfgtms d `c huirmsf rfzøg li hufcrm rifcis auirtis hflf ugm, pirf quiàc ci l`bm, qui gm tig`f l`girm fccä l`spmgòci5 cfdflfdf l`bm qui quilfsi hmg cms huirms pmr hufgtmiccf pfkfräf su vfcmr5 y qui fckugms läfs lisp`lisug idpciflm li cf hmcihturäf ci ccivø ug rihòm li`dpmrti li cms huirms f afvmr lic lihcfdfgti pmr cm

qui àsti pfsø ug vfci f dflfd f lic `dpmrti livi`gti y tris d`c y tfgtms pftfhmgis, qui ic d`g`strm fdir`hfgm D fh-Df nmg, hu-fglm sfc`ø li cfs hmrl`ccirfs, ccivø hmgs`km. C i hmgstf fc lihcfrfgti quilmg Bmsà Xmcäs n`zm ugf hmdprf dfymr qui cf suyf, tfdo`àg ig huirms y li `kufc dfgirf.

Zrikugtflm. ½Vuà ricfh`mgis nfoäf igtri Dfh-Dfnmg y Cøpiz= _ispmgl`ø qui cfs ricfh`mgis igtri cms lms irfg cfs dæs ägt`dfs y hmrl`fcis, tfgtmqui ig Fshurrf v`v`ø hmg Cøpiz ig ic hufrtic kigirfc, y ig Z`ròiouy v`v`ø ig cf d`sdf hfsf lidflfdf Cyghn , ccivæglmsi fccä, hufglm si rit`rø li

cfs Hmrl`ccirfs òct`df/digti, fckugms hf bmgis y hfbfs hmg l`girm, huyms hfbmgis pirtigihäfg f d flfdf Cyghn y auir mg id ofrhflms f cf l`spm s`h`øg liDfh-Dfnmg.

Zrikugtflm. ½Vui s` tìgi qui föfl`r fckm f cfsprikugtfs qui ci auirmg nihnfs= _ispmgl`ø qui ig




“ ?<0 “

läf lmhi lic dis pfsflm istfaflm Cøpiz ig su hufr

tic kigirfc ig ic hfd`gm igtri Fshurrf'y Hffhupà,si hiciorfof ugf d`sf hfgtflf y qui fc a`g li isfhiridmg`f ric`k`msf rihò`ø Cøpiz ug ticikrfdf liZ`ròiouy ig qui si lfof pfrti lic dmv`dìgtm licfs auirzfs fc`flfs y li tigir ftfhflm Z`ròiouy,qui fc rihò`r isi ticikrfd f C øp iz fg ugh`ø ugfkrfg v`htmr`f i n`zm hiciorfr ug smcidgi \i Làud

pfrf fsä l`spmgir li cms æg`dms y tigir mhfs`øg linu`r ofbm cms fusp`h`ms li cf ouigf gmt`h`f. L`hidæs, qui Cøpiz n`zm ugf aukf prih`p`tflf Wrihicfglm f tmlms dmd igtms hfir ig pmlir li cms fc`flms.Vui irf hmstudori li Cøpiz fgugh`fr cfs dæs hmdpcitfs lirrmtfs hmdm trùgams istruiglmsms, dfgti

gìglm fsä su ibàrh`tm sìdpri igkföflm. P fkrikfic lihcfrfgti qui søcm ig Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, Cøpizhmgaisø su lirrmtf y ic listrmzm li sus trmpfs.

Lihcfrfh`øg li lmg D fguic Xmcfc`gli.' (Igirm 6:

li 6>;:)

_ isp mg l`ø tigir 8> föms, smctirm, hfp`tæg licibàrh`tm li Cøpiz y pfrfkufym li gfh`dìgtm. Zrikugtflm ½s` s`rv`ø pmr su ispmgtægif vmcugtfl igic ibàrh`tm lic l`htflmr Cøpiz= _ispmgl`ø qui s`r

v `ø moc`kflm ig ic ibàrh `tm li C øp iz pm r `dpms`h`øglic d`sdm, ic Hufc moc`kfof f tmd fr cfs frdfs, lisli cf ilfl li mghi föms nfstf cf ilfl dæs fvfgzflf.

½Huæcis cfs hruiclflis prfht`hflfs pmr Cøpiz,cms gmdoris, gfh`mgfc`lflis y hmgl`h`mgis li sus




“ ?9: “

väht`dfs= _ispmgl`ø qui irfg `gdigsfs cfs hruic

lflis, sìglm qui gm nfoäf pr`s`mg irms li kui rrf,g` d`sdm ixtrfg birms li hufcquìr gfh`mg fc`lflqui gm istuvìsig liofbm li pr`s`øg y duhnms liiccms suhudoìrmg, ugms li nfdori y mtrms aus`cfl m s 5 qui ig hfsf lic d`sdm Dfh-Dfnmg auà ic lihcfrfgti f `gt`dfr f cf riair`lf siömrf li \fycmrpfrf `r list`gflf pfrf Qfcigzuicf, cm qui si rifc`zø fckugms läfs lispuàs y cuikm qui su istflm lisfcul cm pird`t`ø. L`hi dæs, qui cf `gt`dfh`øg nfs`lm nihnf pmr mrlig virofc li Cøpiz, dæs, qui àsti rihmdiglø fc lihcfrfgti, qui n`hìsi hmgstfr fl`hnf siömrf, qui sidibfgti mrlig gm vigäf li àc,s`gm li cf pmc`häf, pfrf li isti dmlm icul`r fc ki

girfc Dfh-Dfnmg ig huyf hfsf istfof cf siömrf\fycmr, y qui pmr isi dmlm y pmr `gtirvigh`øg lidflfdf Cyghn, qui dfglø prmpmrh`mgfr ugf hfrritf pfrf trfgspmrti li isf `gaic`z siömrf, ishròìglm fc d`sdm tìdpm ugf hfrtf f ug pf`sfgm mighfrkflm li cf d`gf li fzuari li Qfcigzuicf, ic

hufc irf ixtrfgbirm.L`hi dæs, qui tfdo`àg auirmg listirrflms pfrf

Pnò pmr ic d`sdm dmt`vm dflfdf Fgkcfli, dflfdf Xtiwfrt y cf siömrf lic omc`v`fgm _mbfs5 qui iclihcfrfgti sfoi istm pmr hmgvirsfh`øg qui tuvm hmgdflfdf Cyghn. L`hi, a `gfcdigti, qui ic hmrmgic

Ailir`hm Hfdirm li Hfdpms dur`ø li nfdori igugf pr`s`øg ig ic Zfsm Zuhò, lmgli ix`sti su sipucturf, siöfcflf pmr huftrm pfcms ig huflrm m s`dpcidigti pmr ug dfrhm li dflirf s`g `gshr`ph`øg,ic qui is aæh`c li fvir`kufr, pmrqui is cf ``g`hf sipucturf, qui pmr mrlig li Cøpiz istæ siöfcflf l=




“ ?96 “

"Pufsyy- ty -Hmræ" , tfdo`àg hmgmh `lm pmr Dàgliz

H u à 5 qui s`g hmgvirsfr hmg ixtrfgbirms, durìrmgaus`cflms pmr mrlig li Cøpiz, su nirdfgm Oig`kgmCøpiz y sus huöflms Xfturg`gm Oilmyf y kigirfcOfrr`ms, mo`spm Dfguic Fgtmg`m Zfcfh`ms, ic kigirfc _mocis y Orukuiz, ic hmrmgic Fcig, ic biai lipmc`häf Xfgfor`f, tigìgti hmrmgic Arfgh`shm Airgægliz y ic hmdfglfgti Kødiz y høgsuc li Zmrtu

kfc Bmsà Dfräf Ziri`rf y v`hihøgsuc Qfshmghiccms.Zrikugtflm, ½s` sfoi ic cukfr løgli fòg puilfg

ix`st`r pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf y cfs afd`c`fs moc`kflfs f fofg lmg fr sus `gtirisis y lmd `h`c`ms= _ ispmgl`ø qui pmhms pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf puilig ix`st`r nmy hmg Cøpiz y qui krfg gòdirm li afd`c`fs

lihigtis ix`stig ig Pnò, y mtrfs digms `dpmrtfgtis lioig ix`st`r ispfrh`lfs ig Hffkufzò, ig @kf-t`dä, ig \irihföy, ig Xfgtf _msf li C`df li Hf-r `doftfy.

Zrikugtflm, ½huæc ic s`stidf qui idpcifof Cøpiz pfrf iv`tfr lisirh`mgis ig su ibàrh`tm= _ispmg

l`ø qui idpcif cf v`k`cfgh`f li ugm smori mtrms ynfhi rispmgsfoci pmr lisirtmr gm søcm ic ma`h`fc licf hmdpföäf, hmdm tfdo`àg cms dìdorms li su afd`c`f.

Zrikugtflm, ½huæc irf ic dmt`vm pmr quà cms ixtrfgbirms irfg pirsiku`lms pmr Cøpiz= _ispmgl`ø,

qui Cøpiz lishmga`fof ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg prmdmv`lfpmr iccms hmgtrf su pirsmgf y cms hmgs`lirfof trf`lmris, nfhìglm su nirdfgm Oig`kgm Cøpiz y ic d`g`strm Oirkis li hfoizf ig isf hmgsp`rfh`øg.




“ ?9? “

I I C F \ M L I C H F Z @ \ Æ G M I \ @ R

Yg tist`km mhucfr, ic hfp`tæg li gfv`m Lmd`gkmF . M rt`z, fc rih mrr ir fquiccms cukf ris, lispuàs litris föms li cf tird`gfh`øg li cf kuirrf, hmg dmt`vm li lisidpiöfr su hmdit`lm hmdm hmd`sfr`m li

cäd`tis igtri ic Zfrfkufy y ic Orfs`c, gm pulm digms qui lfr ixpfgs`øg f sus sigt`dìgtms li prmtistf, hmgs`kgflms ig istms tàrd`gms2

Ic 6* li mhtuori (6>;8) gms nfccfdms ig cf hfoihirf lic frrmym Ispfläg, hàciori pmr cf liskrfh`flf suirti qui suarìrmg ig sus smc`tfr`fs hmstfshigtigfris li cfs pr`gh`pfcis afd`c`fs lic Zfrfkufy,lurfgti cf hruic y lisfstrmsf kuirrf lic föm 6>19.

Ic 0 lic d`sdm, rihmk`dms lftms smori ic hursm

lic frrmym Ispfläg, istuv`dms nfstf cf `scf qui s`rv`ø li rihmstflirm fc hfdpfdigtm li cfs list`gflfs, li huyf prmx`d`lfl, irfg `gl`h`ms vinidigtis, cms gudirmsms hrægims y nuisms nudfgms quiviäfdms f cms cflms lic hfd`gm.

Ic ?? li mhtuori, tuvi mhfs`øg li v`s`tfr f`scflfdigti ic ix hfdpfdigtm li cfs list`gflfs lic Is-pfläg, nmrròci gihrøpmc`s, lmgli cms gud irmsmsvist`k`ms li cfs väht`dfs `gaic`his qui fccä kidäfgigtri ic nfd ori y cf d`sir`f, suarìglm ftrmhis tmr-




“ ?98 “

(Lic c òrm "Xmori cms ishmdorms li cf kuirrf .Ygf làhflf li v `lf gfh`mgfc" , li Nàhtmr Arfgh`shm Lihmul, pæk. ??0) .

Ic hfp`tæg Lmd `gkm F. Mrt`z auà lispuàs li cf

kuirrf' d ìdorm lic Xupir `mr \r òu gf c li Bust`h`fy hmdfglfgti li c hfömgirm "Z`rfpø" .

digtfs, fac`kig 'prmauglfd igti ic æg`dm dæs ar`ø i

`gsigsòci.




N À _ M I X P D Æ _ \ @ _ I X

C F X L F D F X Z F _ F K Y F P F X

Cfs qui sushròig si pird`tig `gv`tfr fc pòoc`hm gfh`mgfc y ixtrfgbirm f cms smcidgis augirfcis quisi hiciorfræg ig cf `kcis`f li cf Hftilrfc ic läf61 lic hmrrìgti dis f cfs > f. d ., ig suarfk`m li

cms hfälms kcmr`msfdigti ig cf pfsflf kuirrf y licfs väht`dfs `gdmcflfs pmr cfs t`rfgäfs li Arfgh`f y cms Cøpiz.

Fsugh`øg, l`hìdori li 60:?.

Zitrmgf Orukuiz li Lufrti, X`cv`f Hmrlfc li Q`-c cfd`c , Dàg`hf Fhivfc li Fppciyfrl, Hfs`fgf I.li Oæiz, Lmcmris Hn`rài li Lihmul, Bmsia `gf _`-vfrmcf li Fhivfc, Lmcmris X`øg li Ziri`rf, Oig`kgf Ziöf li Lihmul, Ilic`rf D. li D`ctms, Hfrdig[. li Xmcir, Hfrdig Qic` c cf li [fdmsy, _fdmgfY. li Qic`ccf, Id`c`f Vui`rmcm li Xmcir, Hcfrf Vui`-rmcm li Ofbfh, Zitrmgf \fcfvirf li Qic` c cf , Zitrmgf Kfcfrrfkf li Yrlfp`ccitf, Bmfqu`gf Z. li Fhuöf, Lmcmris Hæchigf li Dmc`gf, Dirhilis X`øg liHigtur`øg, Zfz F. li @lmyfkf, Dfräf Fgtmg`f L.li Hnfhøg, Oærofrf D. li Nfilm, @kgfh`f Lævfcmsli Hfdpms, Fgugh`fh`øg Ofri`rm li Mrt`z, Fgf Hf-




“ ?O9 “

zfc li Ziri`rf, Xusfgf Z. li Lævfcms, Hfrdig Zmr

tf li Digf, Z`cfr Orukuiz li Fcvfriz, Krikmr`f D.li Dmc`gfs, Fgf Cm`zfkf li Zfläg, Lmcmris Xirrf-gm li Iinfg`qui, Dfräf Fgf Ispäglmcf li Fpmgti, Dfräf Làhmul li Cikfc, Hmr`gf Làhmul li lfHmstf, Q ig fg i`f , \. li Xtiw frt, Id `c`fgf D `ccirisli _ìrf, Fglrif Bmviccfgms li _iifcli, _faficf"D fhnfäg li Kufgis, \rægs`tm D fhnfäg li Zi öf ,Fsugh`øg Kfrhäf, Q`htmr`f Kfrhäf, Fcibfglrf Kfrhäf, Hcfrf Fcafrm, Bmsiaf Fcafrm li Xæghniz, Buc`fXffvilrf li Dfhnfäg, Id`c`f _ihfcli li _ihfcli,Hcfrf _ihfcli li Dfhnfäg, Ighfrgfh`øg _mbfs liMrtòzfr, Hcfrf _`virm li Qicæzquiz, Bufgf @. li_ihfcli, Hfglicfr`f Fhmstf li Diglis Kmgëfcvis,

Dfr`gf H. li _mbfs Mrtòzfr, H`pr`fgf Yroìtf li_ihfcli, Id`c`f Nfilm li Zir fssm, Bufgf Hfsticväici Omofl`ccf, @sfoic _`vfrmcf, Lmcmris Hfräs`dm,D. Fgtmg`f Hfräs`dm, Ivfr`stf Oilmyf, Arfgh`shf

F. li Qfcìgti, Bufgf R. li Rfdomg`g`, Arfgh`shfD. li Dfgzmg`, _msf F. li Hfsfo`fghf, Dichnmrf

O. li \mrrigts, Hfs`fgf @. li Ikusqu`zf, XusfgfCfrf, Lmcmris F. li Q`ccfdfymr, _msfr`m lic Dmc`gm \mrris li Xmtirfs, Dfräf F. Cfrf, Hcfrf F. liXtfre, Cimy`k`clf D. li K`cä , Lmcmris _ihfcli, _fdmgf Cfrf, Fgkicf \mrrigts li _mdirm, HfrdigF. li Fyfcf, Arfgh`shf Z. li Yroìtf, Xusfgf Hàs

pilis li Hàspilis, Hicsf Xpirfrt`, Hfrcmtf D. liHfgl`f, Istiafgf M. li Aci`tfs, _ulih`glf Aci`tfs,Dfräf Fgfstfs`f Aci`tfs, Dfräf Kmgzæciz li Hæc-higf, Buc`f I. Hn. li Duömz, Bufgf @ . Arfghm, Bm-v`tf D. li _fdäriz, Xfturg`gf Dmrf, Hfrdig Ofr-omzf, Bmsiaf Ofromzf, Lmcmris Ofromzf, G`hfgmrf






“ ?9= “

li X`d øg, D fräf F hi vf c li Hæciigf, \md fsf I .

Oigikfs, Ighfrgfh`øg Hn. li Lihmul, @sfoic I. liZàriz, Gft`v`lfl @turouru, Bmsiaf @turouru, Lmcmris @turouru li Dmc`gf, Iik`gf Hmrt` li Kfmgf,Qfcigt`gf Kfmgf, Dfräf Icigf Kfmgf, Fgf O. liDfhnf`g, Iddf Dfhnf`g, Q`htmr`f F. li Dfinf`g,X`cvir`f Ii hfcli, D fklfcigf Kfrhäf, Bmsia `gf Q .

li cms Iäms, \irisf Dfhäfs, Dfguicf _. li cms _äms,Bufgf _. li Xmsf, @gmhigh`f _mbfs, Xusfgf Cikfc,Oìgvig`lf _ mbf s li F rf gl f, Xiofst`fgf _ mbf s,Dirhilis Xmsf, Bufgf Xmsf, Zitrmgf Xmsf, Dfräfli cf Hruz Zàriz, Cu`sf Zàriz, Mc`glf Hmrvfcæg liXtiwfrt, Lmcmris Fcafrm, Dfguicf Dfhnf`g, Bmfqu`gf Dfhnf`g, Lmcmris _iifcli, Hcfrf Ihnfg`quili Xfkuìr, Dfrkfr`tf Qi`f li Oòmc`g` , Arfgh`shf Yroìtf li Ihnikurig, Dfguicf _iifcli li Ru-o`zfrriti, @s`lmrf V. li Oittiriti, X`cv`f Q. li A`Wc`soirt, Hfrmc`gf K`cä li Gmkuiz, Lmcmris K`cä liLigticcf, A`cmdigf Lihmul li Xhnuttciwmrtn, \r`-amgf Xmsf li Foriu, Dfrt`gf Xmsf li Hfgit, Hfr

dig Qic`ccf li \fcfvirf, Dfrhic`gf F. li Oæiz,Bufgf O. li Kødiz, Hfrmc`gf A. li Kmgzæciz, Ilic-d`rf @kcis`f li Igh`gf, Arfgh`shf Airgægliz liMgitm, Fshigs`øg \mrrigts li Nfssicdfgg, Hfyitfgf Cfglf`lf li Arfghm, Krikmr`f Mrt`z li Ziri`rf Kfzf`, \r`g`lfl Omkfräg li Kmgzæciz, _msf Dmg-

kicøs, Fdfc`f Dmgkicøs, Oirt`clf Xhnuttciwmrtn,Irgist`gf Xhnuttciwmrtn, \mdfsf Fcd`røg, Flicfli F gl ri u, F g f Xmsf, Hcfrf Hfgit, Aic`sf Q irf ,Iri`c cf Cfauigti, Hmghiph`øs Fhivfc, Zfocf Qi`f,Cu`sf D mgk icøs, Lm cmris D mgkicøs, Ocfg hf C`cfKmgzæciz A`c`soirt, Iddf Dfzø li Hfzfc, Hr`st`gf




“ ?9> “

li Oictræg, Fgf O. li Xmcir, Dfrkfr`tf Oictræg,

Hfrdig Xmcir, Flicf D. li Hrmvftm, Fgkic`gf Cøpiz li Fulòirt, Dfräf I. li K-fcifgm, Idirigh`f-gf O. li _`vfrmcf, _msfc`gf Hmccfr, Fsugh`øg K-.li Kmgzæciz, Flicf C. li Kmgzæciz Gfvirp, Dirhilis D. li Luv`vìr, Istfic Bmviccfgms li _u`z.

_ I Y G @ Ø G L I L F D F X I G Q @ C C F _ @ H F

* Ig Q`ccf _`hf, f cms 66 läfs lic dis li l`hìdori li 60:?, sìglm cfs < p. d., cfs qui sushròig,riug`lfs, f `gv`tfh`øg li cfs siömrfs _fdmgf @gs-aræg li Hmlfs y Hfrdig Hn`rài li Hfd`gms, ig cfhfsf nfo`tfh`øg li cf pr`dirf y priv`f licòirfh`øg, risuicvig2

c 0 Nfhir hiciorfr ig cf `kcis`f pfrrmqu`fc li istf Q`ccf ugf d`sf y nmgrfs aògioris pmr ic itirgmlishfgsm li cfs väht`dfs lic t`rfgm Cøpiz y li cmsqui suhudoìrmg kcmr`msfd igti ig cf ku ir rf . F isti iaihtm si lis`kgf ic läf 61 lic hmrrìgti f cfs; f. d. Lic sigm li cf fsfdocif si gmdorø ugf hmd`s`øg hmdpuistf li cfs siömrfs Hmgstfgh`f li Nf-rr`smg y Flic`f li Dfzø y cf siömr`tf Fgkicf Aitt,cf qui si ighfrkfræ li fro`trfr amglms, frrikcm liBf `kcis`f i `gv`tfr f cfs fcdfs p`flmsfs f cms augirfcis .

?0

Cf hmd`s`øg lis`kgflf, ig gmdori li cf fsfdocif, pfsfræ ugf gmtf li flnis`øg f cf hmd`s`øg lilfdfs li cf hfp`tfc, pmr cf aic`z `g`h`ft`vf li nfhirhiciorfr d`sfs y nmgmris aògioris pmr ic lishfgsmli cfs fcdfs li cfs väht`dfs lic t`rfgm.

Hmg cm qui tird`gø ic fhtm.




_fdmgf @gsaræg li Hmlfs, Hfrdig Hn`rài li

Hfd`gms, Ic`sf Hfrlmsm, sihritfr`f, _f`duglf _mf,prmsihritfr`f, Còirftf Ofrku`gism, Hfrdig Z. liHmlfs, Aic`h`f @. li Isp`gøcf, D`hficf \. li Hnfs-si, Fgtmg`f L. li Aitt , \mdfsf \fcfyirf, DfräfQ. li \fomflf, Hcidigt`gf L. li Airgægliz, XfrfG`g li _i hfcli , Hfrdig F rk ui ccm, Hfyitfgf

Ihnfur`, @sfoic A. li Cftfzf, Dfräf li B. li \fomflf, \mdfsf Xfgfor`f, \rfgsä ' ¡m li Cøpiz, Dfräf Istnir _ihfcli G`g, Hfrdig A. li Aritis, _msf Aitt , Flic`f li Qfrkfs li Dfzø, Zitrmgf Ihnfur`, Bufgf Ofut`stf li Kmrmst`fkf, Bmsiaf Hfrlmsm,Arfgh`shf Kfrhäf, Ofco`gf Lævfcms, Dfrkfr`tf Airgægliz, Flic `gf li Omrløg, Bufgf Lihfd`c c ` , Lmcmris li O mr lø g, Zitrmg f Kfrhäf, Buf gf Kfriiti,Aic`h`f Cøpiz, X`dmgf K. li _mf, Iticv`gf Omrløg,Hfrmc`gf L . li F caf rm , Hcmt`cli O mrl øg , Oig`tfDifur`m, @sfoic Hfrtis, A`c`p`gf \fomflf, Hmghiph`øg Cftfz f, Hfrd ig Hfrlmsm, N `cfr`f Xfgfor`f,Kudirs`glf Aci`tfs, Zitrmgf O. li Hfrtis, Hfrdig

_ihfcli G `g, Lmcmris _ mf, F licf _ihfcli G `g,Dfrkfr`tf li Cøpiz, Hmgstfgh`f H. li Nfrr`ssmg,Ofs`c`f Hmlfs, Kforìcf C. li Fcfrhøg, Dfräf @gàsli _mbfs, Arfgh`shf Q. li Cfrrfdigl`, Zfstmrf A.li Zfpfcuhf, Ku`ccirdf _. li Kfrhäf, \irisf A. liNirrirms , F urm rf Zfpf cuhf, D frhic`gf Lufrti,

Fgtmg`f Fcfrhøg li \fcfvirf , Fgf \fcfvirf, Fdic`f Zfpfcuhf, Dfguicf Kufgis, Fgkicf K. li Airgægliz, Icv`rf Kufgis, Hmghiph`øg Kufgis, Oærofrf Lihfd`cc ` , Zitrmgf Lihfd`cc ` , Fsugh`øg Kufgis, Bufgf Omrløg, Bmfqu`gf F. li Df`lfgf, Fch`-rf M. li _`vfs, Bufgf Z. li Kmrmst`fkf, Fgkicf




“ ?1: “

Kmrmst`fkf, Fgkicf X. li Dizf, X`dmgf X. li À s

p`gmzf, Xusfgf Isp`gmzf, Mc`glf Isp`gmzf, \imlmrf Lufrti, Gftfc `f Lufrti, Cimpmcl`gf Lufrti, Is-pir`l`mgf I. li Kfdof, Zfucf H. li Iiofur`, Hmghiph`øg A. li _uaa `gicc ` , Dfräf _uaa `gicc ` , CimgmrHfd`gms, Arfgh`shf \`t `ho`s, Kimrk`gf Kødiz Ri-cflf, Icv`rf Kødiz Ricflf, Cu`sf H. li Igi`sm, X`dmgf D. li Hmcäg, Ofco`gf O. li D`cmscfv`hn, Hmgstfgh`f Kmgzæciz, Arfgh`shf D`cmscfv`hn, _ua`gf D`cmscfv`hn, Hmgstfgh`f A. li Xfchilm.

G M \ F - F L N I X @ Ø G

Q`ccf Iìf, l`hìdori 66 li 60:?.

Xiömrfs li cf Hmd `s`øg Z rm väht`df s lic t`rfgmCøpiz.

Fsugh`øg.

Cfs lfdfs li Q`ccf _`hf, riug`lfs ig fsfdocif,gms nfg nmgrflm, lis`kgæglmgms ig hmd`s`øg pfrfqui f su gmdori l`r`bfdms istf gmtf f cfs siömrfsqui hmdpmgig cf hmd`s`øg li lfdfs li cf hfp`tfc“prm väht`dfs li cf kuirrf“-pfrf ixprisfrcis, hmdm

cm nfhidms, su dæs prmauglf flnis`øg f su `g`h`ft`vf aic`z, li nfhir hiciorfr d`sfs y nmgmris aògioris pmr cfs fcdfs li cms qui hfyirmg ig cf hruigtfkuirrf lic 19 y pmr cfs väht`dfs li cf hruiclfl lict `rfgm Cøpiz.

F cf viz, gms is krftm hmdug`hfr f isf hmd`s`øg




“ ?16 “

qui cf fsfdocif rismcv`ø nfhir hiciorfr ic d`sdm

läf y nmrf qui cf hfp`tfc, nmgrfs aògioris ig cf`kcis`f pfrrmqu`fc li istf Q`ccf, fc d`sdm a`g liqui si prmpmgi isf l`kgf hmd`s`øg.

Xfculfg f cf l`st`gku`lf hmd`s`øg.

_fd mgf @. li HMLFX. “ Hfrdig

Hn. li HFD@GMX. “

IYsf H F O -

LMRM, Xihritfr`f.

F C Z Y I O C M

Nf o`àglmsi ighfrflm ig ug sigt`lm pirsmgfc ypfrt`l`stf cf huist`øg li cf t`rfgäf, trfälf fc bw`h`mli cf prigsf, cms sushr`ptms, f a`g li hmrtfr `gtirpritfh`mgis iqu`vmhflfs f su rispihtm, amrducfdmscfs s`kuìgtis

L I H C F _ F H @ M G I X 2

6' Hmgligfdms ig fosmcu tm ic s`stidf li cf t`rfgäf, ig lmhtr`g f y ig cms nihnms, `glipiglìgtidigti li tmlf hmgs`lirfh`øg pirsmgfc m pfrt`l`stf.

?* Hmgligfdms ispih`fcd igti cms fhtms li t`rf

gäf li Xmcfgm Cøpiz, qui gm `ligtà`hfdms ig dmlmfckugm hmg cf hfusf li cf pftr`f.

8* Nfhidms pòoc`hfs istfs lihcfrfh`mgis pfrf `dpil`r, hmdm n`bms li istf tìrrf hìg vihis dært`r,qui, f pritixtm li igsfczfr sus kcmr`fs, si iluquifc puiocm ig ic huctm li sus vialukms, fhmstud orfg-




lmcm f cf flmrfh`øg li afcsms älmcms, hufgl m pmr cm

hmgtrfr`m, si ci lioi iluhfr ig cf Qirlfl y ig ichuctm f cf Zftr`f y sus `gst`tuh`mgis.

Bufg O. Kfmgf, lmhtmr Nàhtmr Qicæzquiz, Zftrmh`g`m Ricflf, Bmsà Kødiz, lmhtmr Bustm Z. Lufrti,lmhtmr B. Kfspfr Q `ccfd fymr , I rgi stm Iku squ`zf,Id`c`fgm Kmgzæciz Gfvirm, Dfguic Ofrr`ms, lmh

tmr Kufcoirtm Hfrlòs Nuirtf, Zfshufc Qic` c cf , _fdøg Kfrhäf, Arfgh`shm Hfdpms, Dfguic Fv`cf, Kirøg`dm Ziri`rf Hfzfc, lmhtmr Kirøg`dm Ruo`zfrri-tf, Bufg X`cvfgm Kmlm`, Bufg F. Fpmgti, lmhtmrHfrcms C. @sfs`, Dfrhic`gm Q`virms, lmhtmr Ku`ccirdm Xtiwfrt, Fg tmg`gm D uömz, lmhtmr Fci bfgl rmFulòirt , Ofs`c `m li cms _äms, lmhtmr Fgtmcäg @rfcf,Airgfglm Xfkuìr y _`quicdi, Bufg Kufgis, @ cliamgsm Oigikfs, Qähtmr D. Xmcir, lmhtmr Zilrm Om-ofl`ccf, Bmsà X. Lihmul, D`kuic K. Mrt`z, lmhtmrArfgh`shm H. Hnfvis, Zilrm Xfkuìr, lmhtmr Afhuglm Kmgzæciz, lmhtmr Dfrh`fc Xmsf Ishfcflf, lmhtmrDfguic Oigätiz, Bufg Dmc`gfs, lmhtmr Aàc`x Zf`vf,

Fgtmg`m \fomflf, Flmcam _. Xmcir , lmhtmr \imlm-s`m Kmgzæciz, lmhtmr Bmsà \mdæs Cikfc, Bufg A._iifcli, lmhtmr Arf gh`shm _mcøg,- Bu fg D . Xmsf I shfcflf, Lfgìc Hfgläf, Bmsà D. Hmccfr, Bmsà L. Lmc-læg, Flmcam _`quicdi, Bf`di Xmsf Ishfcflf, Hfrcms Krikmr`m \fomflf, Kforìc Hmrtæzfr, Cu`s Zi-

rfssm, Ivfr`stm Fhmstf, Còirftm D. _mbfs, BufgDmgti, B . H`r ` cm Diglmzf, Fcibfglrm Cøpiz, BufgA. Zàriz, Bmsà Digf, Hfd`cm Arfhhn`f, Flmcam A.Fgtògiz, N`pøc`tm Gòöiz, Hcitm li B. Xæghniz, Ailir`hm Airgægliz, Cu`s Hæchigf, Dfguic [. Hnfvis, Oigbfdäg Oæiz, Bmsà F. Xmcir, Ægkic Oftt` cf-






“ ?1< “

gægliz, Arfgh`shm F. Kfmgf, Zfga`cm Li cms _äms,

Irgistm Fr`fs, Arfgh`shm O. Arfghm, Bmsà K. Dmcfs,Id`c`m Xhmcfr`, Hcidigti Oæiz, Lfv`l Higtur`øg,Iusio`m Ihoikurig, Dfh`fc Foriu, Kirøg`dm Ihnf-kói, G`hmcæs Hforfc, Cu`s [ fd msy , Fr tid `m H .Hrmseiy, Fcamgsm O. Hfdpms, Nàhtmr Xior`fgm, Q`higti A. Isp`gøcf, Zilrm \. _mcøg, B . Lirc`z _iifc

li, B . Fcamgsm Duömz, Id`c `fgm Xfkuìr , Igr`quiFyfcf, Dfrh`fgm Hfsticvä , Nàhtmr Xfccfvirry, Zc`-g`m Xmsf Ishfcflf, Hmgstfgt`gm Dfrtägiz, Bmrki _iifcli, O. Dickfribm, Arfgh`shm B. Dfgzmg`, Fkustäg Hmrrif, Zilrm R. _iifcli, Ixiquìc Dfrtägiz,Rigøg D mräg`km, _ ua `g m F . \fomflf, Krikmr`mKmgzæciz, _f d øg D uömz, Bmsà C. _ mcø g, Mc`dp`mIshmofr, Bmsà F. Q`virms, Id`c`m Cøpiz, Xfgt`fkmF rfd ou rò , G`hfgmr Zft`gm , Cu `s H. Hfssfgiccm,Q`higti Fcvfriz , Bufg Fcoirtm Likæspir` , Igr`quiDuömz, Dfrh`fgm Fdfr` c cf , Lmgftm Fcmgzm, _mquiF. Läfz, \ràøg Mcdilm, \iøa ` cm Xmsf, @rigim \mrgflcf, Dfguic D. Fv`cf, Q`higti Lihmul, X`cv`m Zi

öf, Dæx`dm Hrmseiy, Cmrigzm B. Oigätiz, Zfshufc\. Pfqu`s`hn, Hfrcms K. Ni`sihei, Zftr`h`m Qirf,Fukustm Mcdilm, Buc`m Ofbfh, Hcful`m Hæchigf, M.Frturm Airgægliz, Iusio`m Qæzquiz, Hfrcms Ari` -tfk, Hfrcms Zfläg, Bufg Hforfc, Cu`s O. Ziöf, Fgtmg`m A. Dfrtägiz, Fpmc`gfr`m Kfmgf, Fgtmg`m M.

Xtfghn, B . Dfguic Arutms , Fukustm D. Airgægliz,Bufg Fcmgzm, Iusio`m Qicæzquiz, Fcarilm Lufrti,_ `hfr lm C. Dmrisin`, Xmtirm K`dàgiz Kød iz, B .Dfguic Xæghniz, Iucmk`m Digf, Dfr`fgm O. Dmrisin`, Qähtmr Nukm Aritis, Bufg Hforfc, FglràsZ. Zfcfh`ms , Zfstmr Läfz, Airgfglm Arfghm, Qähtmr









D F X \ I X \ @ D M G @ M X

Ixpms`h`øg lic siömr Bufg li L`ms Qf clmv`gms

Vui rispihtm f aus`cfdìgtms li ixtrfgbirms, sfoicms li Hfrrirfs, \icdm Cøpiz, G`g _iyis, @kgfh`mKf cfrrfkf, D `kuic Icurlmy y sus smor`gms BBròi, Xu-s`g` y mtrms hmdirh`fgtis li cf Fsugh`øg, huyms gmdoris gm tìgi prisigti, pirm fsikurf qui pfsfg lih`ghuigtf, `ghcuyiglm igtri àstms cms qui nfg duirtm ig tmrdigtms, hmdm hipm urukufyfgm m fzmtishmg cfzms, ig huftrm istfhfs, lisli cf guhf nfstfcf gfckf, ig huym tmrdigtm dur`ø ic hùlflfgm frkigt`gm Lis`lir`m Fr`fs, f quìg si ci hfst`kø liisti dmlm ripit`lfs vihis, pfrf qui lihcfrfsi qui

tigäf ricfh`mgis y istfof hmdpc`hflm hmg cms quisi pritigläf qui arfkufofg ugf rivmcuh`øg5 qui liisti dmlm si hmgsikuäf qui duhnms, pfrf gm suar`risti dfrt`r`m, l`bisig qui irf hìrtm cm qui si cisprikugtfof y igtmghis si cis pfsfof pmr cfs frdfs.

V¡ui lispuàs li hmghcu`lf istf mpirfh`øg (rik`strm y sihuistrm li oìgis), cms idofrhfofg y hmgluhäfg f Xfg Airgfglm, lmgli irfg lisidofrhflms y hmgluh`lms fc hfdpfdigtm, huyf l`stfgh`ffc pugtm li lisidofrqui irf ugf cikuf y qui li-






“ Ó10 “

ricfh`øg li tfcis nihnms irf ic pcfhir dfymr qui pm'

läf prmpmrh`mgærsici".

"Vui ic Q`hi-Høgsuc li Zmrtukfc , Ci`ti Ziri` -rf, hilìglm f cms ftrmhis lmcmris qui ig ic tmrdigtm ci frrfgifof y moilihìglm f cfs `gt`dfh`mgis quil`rihtfd-igti si ci nfhäfg, fhusø f lmöf Lmcmris _ihfcli, li nfoir istflm ig hmrrispmgligh`f hmg cmsrivmcuh`mgfr`ms, s`rvìglm li `gtirdil`fr`f igtri suspr`gh`pfcis biais5 pirm qui vìglm prøx`df su duirti y hilìglm f cms l`htflms li su hmghìgh`f, gikøhufgtm fgtis nfoäf lihcfrflm, p`lìglm pirløg f cfriair`lf siömr`tf lic dfc qui ci nfoäf nihnm y su

pc`hfglm si tuvìsi pfr'gf`cm y li g`gkòg vfcmr hufgtm f su rispihtm nfoäf l`hnm. Vui istf g`öf, huymssuar`dìgtms y vfcmr pmhm hmdòg ig cfs pirsmgfs lisu sixm, tigäfg hmgdmv`lms f tmlms cms qui hmgmhäfgsu s`tùfh`øg, si gik ø f pi rl mg fr cm qui iccf ccfd fofugf `gafdi hmofrläf li C i`ti Zi ri`rf y qui f pisfr

li cfs lihcfrfh`mgis lflfs pmr fquàc fc omrli li cftudof, si nfoäf ibihutflm s`g pìlfl f istf òct`df".

"Vui lmöf Lmcmris _ihfcli supc`hø fc df rhnfrnfh`f ic supc`h`m, qui gf si cf dftfrf f ofymg itfzms.Vui ic p`quiti qui ci n`zm cf lishfrkf irf hmdpuistm

li duhnfhnms o`søgms, quìgis søcm ci `ga`rìrmg urgfnir`lf qui istfof du y l`stfgti li sir dmrtfc, nfo`àglmsicf hmghcu`lm f ofymg itfzms, s`g hmgs`lirfh`øgf cf sòpc`hf `gtirpuistf, g` f cf hmgd `sirfh`øg quisu suirti liskrfh`flf lispirtfof nfstf ig cms hmrfzmgis dæs idpilirg`lms".




“ ?;: “

Lihcfrfh`øg li lmg Bmsà D . D fzø (Xuo-tigìgth

li frt`cciräf lic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym)

Vui nf v`stm duhnfs dubiris ixpuistfs f cms d æsnmrròcis trftfdìgtms y duy pfrt`hucfrdigti fquiccfs siömrfs qui tigäfg sus ispmsms hmdpc`hflms igcf hmgsp`rfh`øg qui si arfkufof hmgtrf ic df r`shfc

Cøpiz, qui pmr dil`m li tmrturf cis nfhäf frrfghfrcfs lihcfrfh`mgis qui àc quiräf, fzmtæglmcfs lispuàsy igtrikfglm f fckugfs f p`quitis li duhnfhnmso`søgms pfrf su aus`cfdìgtm, hmghcuyàglmcfs li dftfr f ofymgitfzms. Vui igtri cfs siömrfs qui nf v`stm aus`cfr li istf dfgirf, si ighuigtrf cf lic Hmrm

gic Dfrtägiz, qui si r`g l`ø hmg tmlfs sus auirzfs igcf Zigägsucf.

Vui ig istf kuirrf, tmlms cms ixtrfgbirms nfg s`lm trftflms hmdm igid `kms, riluh`lms f pr`s`øg, ixpuistms f tmrdigtms li tmlf hcfsi. Vui , rispihtm fcms oìgis li cms ixtrfgbirms, tmlms nfg s`lm hmga`s

hflms pmr Cøpiz.

Lihcfrfh`øg li Zfocm Arfghmu

Zfrf nfhircms lihcfrfr, ic buiz cms fhusfof2 icgikfr irf li ofcli, hflf viz qui gikfof àc fhusflm

si ci lfof lisli ?: nfstf 6:: cfgzfsms m vfr`cccfzms.Lms m tris vihis fc läf si nfhäfg cfs lihcfrfh`mgisy sìdpri hmg ic d`sdm s`stidf. Fhfo fgl m li lihcfrfr, cms hfst`kfofg nfstf qui hfgsflms, vigh`lmspmr cfs pigfs, hmgaisfofg pmr ishr`tm ugf digt`rf.

I c sfhirlmti `tfc `fgm Oihhn `s , rilfhtmr li " C f I s-




“ ?;6 “

triccf", l`bm cm d`sdm ig Hffhupà ig prisigh`f li

cms "`gkcisis d fqu`g`stfs y d äf 2 is ugf `gvigh`øgli Cøpiz istf trf`h`øg qui si ftròuäf f cfs ixtrfgbirms, fc nirdfgm y pmr a`g f tmlms cms qui nfg hfälm ofbm ic huhn`ccm li Cøpiz.

Fckugms nfg du irtm ig ic afdmsm hipm hmcmdo`fgm, hfst`km qui si nfhi hmg aus`c. Ftflms qui irfgisms aus`cis, cms fpritfofg nfstf smgfr cms nuisms yrivigtfr ic isp`gfzm...

Lihcfrfh`øg lic Hmrmgic D fguic Zfcfh`ms (Li cf Xi

hritfräf lic Hufrtic K igirfc y A`shfc)

F a`gis li bug`m m pr`gh`p`ms li buc`m li 6>1>,nfoäf hmdigzflm ic tirròci hftfhc`sdm, t`tucflm krfghmgsp`rfh`øg, arfkuflm hmgtrf Cø piz ig cf Fs ug h`øg,pmr gfh`mgfcis y ixtrfgbirms. Cøpiz gm rispitø g`gkugf hcfsi li gfh`mgfc`lfl5 f tmlm s d fglø frristflms f Xfg Airgfglm, lmgli irfg smdit`lms f lihcfrf

h`mgis y buzkflms pmr hmgsibms li kuirrf, ig qui irfgtmlms sigtigh`flms f duirti. X`g id ofrkm, li qui ymgughf nfoäf `lm pmr cms \ròugfcis, ni sfo`lm quitmlms irfg tmNurflms pfrf nfhir sus lihcfrfh`mgis.

Ig Xfg Airgfglm, Cøpiz d fglø aus`cfr dæs lih`ghuigtf nmd oris li su ishmctf, tmlms cms ma`h`fcis,fc sfrkigtm dfymr y fc hmrmgic lic rik`dìgtm y istms òct`dms s`g dæs hr`dig qui nfoir `kgmrflm ugfdfqu`gfh`øg url`lf ig ic huirpm pmr u'g ma`h`fc. Cfibihuh`øg tuvm cukfr s`g g`gkòg prmhism, fpigfs hmg




“ ?;? “

Yg prmhil`dìgtm virofc ig prisigh`f li Cøpiz d`s

dm.

Zuilm lih`r hmg cf hmghìgh`f trfgqu`cf, qui igic \ròugfc qui ym oi dfgibflm nuom digms tmrturfs, nfstf ic pugtm li sir riprigl`lm pmr Cøpìz pmrism, lóh`àglmd i qui irf ug acmbm, y, ig a`g, mtrms ipä

titms ig isti sigt`lm.

Cøpiz, fc pr`gh`p`m gms rihmdiglø tmlf hmgs`lirfh`øg pfrf hmg su dflri, hmdm auà trftflf, pirmhmdm gm lìsi cfs lihcfrfh`mgis qui lisifof, dfgløqui si usfsi hmg iccf lid mstrfh`mgis li r`kmr hmd mpmhm f pmhm auirmg usæglmsi. Istfs hmgs`stäfg ig tigircf pfrflf lurfgti tmlm ic tìdpm li cf lihcfrfh`øg, fckugms idpubmgis y mtrfs hmsfs ig isti sigt`lm, f ixhiph`øg li qui ic hmrmgic Fvi`rm ci hfst`køhmg cf ispflf , gm rihuirlm s` auà lms vihis m ugf smcfviz. Pm cf tmquà hmg cf dfgm lms vihis ògìfdd -ti, pirm tmlfs istfs hmsfs hmgtæofd ms f su n`bm y às

ti lihäf qui "ugf viz hr`d`gfc hmdm si nfccfof sudflri, si nfhäf fhriilmrf f istms trftfd ìgtms".“ DFX\O_DFG, "Xìti föms li fvigturfs ig ic Zfrfkufy" , föm 6>;: , pæk . <<9) .

Lihcfrfh`øg lic hmrmgic Fvi`rm (Ma`h`fc li Xihritf

räf5 fyulfgti li hfdpm, H mdfglfgti li cf pcfgfdf ymr kigirfc y tfdo`àg a`shfc)

L ` b m 2 "Vui cf hfusf li Cøpiz cf hmgs`lirfof bustf, pirm qui iccf si smstigäf hmg dil`ms v`mcigtms,hruicis y hr`d`gfcis y hpì ic s`stidf qui idpcifof




“ ?;8 “

Ic lihcfrfgti y mtrms biais v`väfg smorisfctflms,hmg tidmr li sir ibihutflms li ug dmdigtm f mtrm,

fug s`g nfoir lflm pfrf iccm dmt`vms, pmrqui Cøpizirf ug dmgstruf qui lisprih`fof li tfc dmlm cf v`lf lic prøb`dm, qui pmr gflf df glfof dftfr f sus•d æs aìcis sirv`lmris.

Ig dil`m li tfgtfs d`sir`fs y li tfgtf lismcfh`øg y li ibihuh`mgis s`g tàrd`gm, Cøpiz hmgt`guf

of nfhìglm cf d`sdf v`lf qui fgtis2 si civfgtfoff cfs 0, f cfs 6: y f cfs 66 li cf dföfgf y f vihisf dil`m läf5 audfof y bukfof hmg cms n`bms5 hmdäfoìg y oioäf duhnm, quilfg lm du hnfs vihis ig ugkrfgli y tirròci istflm li ixh`tfh`øg. “ (Dfstirdfg, Il. li 6>;:, pæk. <;>) .

ig sus lihcfrfh`mgis irfg cms tmrdigtms, tmlf hcfsi

li hipms y fzmtis, nfhìglm pirihir li nfd ori f ugf`ga`g`lfl li v`ht`dfs" . “ (D fstirdfg, pæk. < < 1 ) .

Lihcfrfh`øg lic kigirfc Arfd h`shm @. Oisquäg {Biai

lic istflf dfymr li Cøpiz)

Fsikurf qui cfs lihcfrfh`mgis motig`lfs hmgtrfcms hmdprmdit`lms, cm irfg pmr dil`m li tmrturfs,hipm urukufyfd f y rioigqui. Hf chucf qui ig XfgAirgfglm auirmg ibihutflfs ?:: pirsmgfs, y fsikurf qui lisli igtmghis cfs ibihuh`mgis gm hisfrmg.Vui cms ixtrfgbirms auirmg duirtms pmr supmgirsihødpc`his li Oig`kgm y hmdprflms pmr àc.




“ ?;< “

Xupc`h`ms f Oig`kgm Cøpiz

Cfs arihuigtis tmrturfs f qui si ci smditäf, cm nfoäfg libf lm ig cf dæs ispfgtmsf pmstrf h`øg. I c hfofccirm Bmsà Dfräf Dfzø, hmdm tist`km prisigh`fc, riairäf qui ig cms läfs fgtir`mris f cf ibihuh`øg li

Oig`kgm, àsti auà hmcmhflm hirhf li ug nmrd`kuirmli lmgli sfcäfg æk`cis y vmrfhis nmrd`kfs hmcmrflfsqui rihmrräfg ic huirpm lisgulm lic lisl`hnflm, libæglmci cf rmbf nuiccf li sus fgtigfs. Fsä pfsø trisnmrfs fc auirti rfym lic smc. “ Flmcam LIMMYL. ( _ i v `stf li L irihnm, N `stmr `f y Citrfs , F or ` c , 6 0 6 ; ,pæk . < < 1 ) .

Gfrrfh`øg lic siömr \fy cmr (Frqu `tihtm `gkcàs,

hmgstruhtmr lic pfcfh`m li kmoìrgm)

Fc c cikfr f Xfg Zirgfgrlm, v` f Dr. Xtfre, hfofccirm fgh`fgm, li krfg hmrfzøg, `gkcàs y hmdirh`fgti. Nfoäf ris`l`lm duhnms föms ig cf Fsugh`øg ytmlm ic duglm ci tigäf krfg rispitm y ist`dfh`øg.Gm si di pird`t`ø nfocfrci, pirm v` fzmtfrci y trftfrcm hruicdigti li vfr`fs dfgirfs. Auà aus`cflmig hmdpfö äf li vfr`ms mtrms f pr`g h`p`m li Xitìdori .

Istæofdms li istf dfgirf ixpuistms f cms rfymsfrlìgtis lic sSmc, f cfs ccuv`fs y f cfs tmrdigtfs5hfs` gms igcmquihäfg cfs dmrlilurfs li cms `gsihtmstrmp`hfcis y istæofd ms tfg dfc fc`digtflms, qui søcm




“ ?;9 “

Igtri cms prisms nfoäfg d uhnfs dubiris pirtigihìgtis f cfs dibmris afd`c`fs lic pfäs5 fckugf sirfg du y fgh`fgfs, igtirfdigti hfgfs y mtrfs irfgbøvigis y omg`tfs, smori tmlm, Lmcmris Oihfcli, fctfy nirdmsf g`öf, y Bmsia`gf _`quicdi, dubir nirdmsf, li oiccäs`dms mbms. Istfs `gaic`his suaräfgduhnäs`dm, fugqu i tigäfg piqu iöms rfghnms li pfbf ig qui riauk`frsi (hmdm cms qui tigäfg fckugmsprisms li hftikmräf) y cfdigtfofg lmcmrmsfdigtisu hruic pms`h`øg.

hmdäfd ms cfs igtrföfs li cms fg`dfcis qui si df tf

ofg pfrf cfs trmpfs.Xi sfhfofg f cms prisms tmlms cms l äf s5 f ugms p f

rf tmdfrcis lihcfrfh`mgis, f mtrms pfrf ftmrdigtfrcisy f duhnms pfrf aus`cfrcms. G m v` s`gm pmhfs vihisftmrdigtfr, pmrqui isti hfst`km si ibihutfof litræsli cms froustms m ig cms rfghnms li cms buihis.

Q` sfhfr ug läf f ug ma`h`fc frkigt`gm5 hufglm vmcv`ø, trfäf ic huirpm nihnm pilfzms. F c läf s`kuìgti,ig ic dmdigtm li smctfrgms, ci `gl`quà sus ispfclfs s`g nfocfrci5 libø hfir cf hfoizf smori su pihnm y hmg ug pfcm trfzø ig cf frigf 6::. Hmdpriglä pmr istm qui nfoäf rihò`lm hìg fzmtis hmg ugfnufshf, m hmg ugf pcfgtf qui ccfdfg c`fgf y qui

hrihäf fouglfgtidigti ig cms æromcis qui gms rmlifofg. Ig isf d`sdf tfrli ci dfglfrmg ccfdfr liguivm y hufglm vmcv`ø ishrò`ø ?::. Fc läf s`kuìgti cm aus`cfrmg .




“ ?;1 “

Ic tmrdigtm, sikòg d` prmp`f ixpirìgh`f, is ic

s`kuìgti2 di sigtfrmg ig tìrrf hmg cfs rml`ccfslmocflfs nfh`f frròf, di ftfrmg pr`dirm cfs pìrgfs y cuikm di c`kfrmg Bfs dfgms smori cfs ispfclfs hmg cfs pfcdfs fc f`ri. Igtmghis pfsfrmg pmrd`s hmrofs ug aus`c y cuikm hmcmhfrmg ug ftflm lisi`s aus`cis smori d`s ispfclfs, cms qui di fsikurf

rmg pmr ugf li cfs ixtrid`lflis hmg ugf nufshf,cuikm di n`hìrmg ug gulm ig amrdf li cfzm ig cfmtrf, f a`g li c`kfr cms aus`cis li frròf hmg cms lifofbm5 cms smclflms qui t`rfofg li cf nufshf dilmocfrmg cf hfoizf nfh`f fofbm nfstf tmhfr cfs rml`ccfs y di libfrmg ig istf pms`h`øg.

Ic iaihtm irf ic s`kuìgti2 Zr`dirm si di lurdìrmg cms pìs, lispuàs sigtä ug ru`lm smrlm igcms lilms qui si ixtigl`ø krflufcdigti ccikfglmnfstf cfs rml`ccfs5 cm d`sdm di suhil`ø hmg cmsorfzms y cfs dfgms, fud igtæglmsi ic lmcmr nfstfhmgvirt`rsi d ugf fkmgäf ispfgtmsf. Xi di n`ghnø

cf cigkuf, hriä qui si di l`scmhfofg cfs qu`bflfs ytuvi ug cflm li cf hfrf hmdpcitfdigti du irtf lurfgti qu`ghi läfs. D ` suar`dìgtm irf nmrrmrmsm5nuoìrf hmgaisflm hìrtfdigti s` nuoìrf tig`lmfckm qui hmgaisfr y gm tigkm iculf li qui duhnms`gvigtfrmg hufcquìr digt`rf pfrf gm suar`r ic ispfgtmsm lmcmr li isti tmrdigtm. Zird fgihä lms nm rfs ig cf pms`h`øg qui ni lishr`tm y di hmgs`liràfamrtugflm ig pmlir ishfpfr hmg istm, pmrqui f duhnms cms pmgäf lms y nfstf si`s vihis ig cf urukuf-yfgf, y hmg mhnm aus`cis ig cf guhf . Cf siömrf liD frtägiz suar`ø isti tmrdigtm si`s vihis, sìglm,




“ ?;; “

flidæs, fzmtflf y fpfciflf nfstf gm libfrci sfgf

g` ugf pfrti li su huirpm.Fc tird`gfr lms nmrfs, di smctfrmg. Xirrfgm v`gmf virdi y di prikugtø s` quiräf hmgaisfr qu`àglioiräf sir ic guivm pris`ligti. Pm gm pmläf nfocfr y àc hmgt`guø l`hìglm qui liulm f cf hcidigh`f lic dfr`shfc di nfoäfg tig`lm pmh m tìdpm ig ic hipm, pirm qui s` gm quiräf hmgaisfr, dinfräf ridfhnfr mtrms lms pfris li kr`ccms y divmcviräf f cf urukufyfgf hmg mhnm aus`cis ig vizli si`s, hmgsirvæglmdi ig iccf duhnm dæs tìdpm.Istfof tfg hmdpcitfdigti ixnfustm y rigl`lm igfquic dmdigtm qui sus fdigfzfs gm di n`hìrmg`dpris`øg fckugf. Ig siku`lf di ccivfrmg f cf

kufrl`f y nfhìglm ug krfg afvmr, gm di ftfrmgfquiccf gmhni.

Ig quà hmgs`stäf cf tfc ftflurf cm lishròi ig

mtrf pfrti y ni fquä cm qui n`hi2Xi ftfof f ugf li cfs istfhfs ugf nufshf, igtmghis ccfd fofg2 "prism gòd irm 6, supmgkfd ms. Àhnisi li ispfclfs", ci lihäfg, y si fsikurf ofg cms tmo`ccms hmg ug cfsm5 igtmghis vigäf ic gòd irm ? y sifhmstfof f lms yfrlfs li fquàc y ci ftfofg f cfd`sdf huirlf. Istm si ripitäf nfstf qui gm hfoäfgdæs nmdoris ig cf d`sdf n`cirf5 igtmghis si idpizfof hmg mtrf huirlf y lispuàs hmg mtrf, nfstfqui tmlms quilfofg fsikurflms. Cfs ixtrid`lflisli istfs nufshfs cfs fd frrfofg f cfs istfhfs y cfsist`rfofg lms m tris nmdoris nfstf libfrcfs hmdm






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lmgø hmofrlidigti, libæg lmcf fofgl mgflf f su'tr`sti suirti.

Hufg lm cf hmgmhä, irf gmtfocidigtiomg`tf y gm tigäf dæs li vi`gti y huftrm fömshufglm suo`ø fc pftäoucm...

Gm tigäf mtrm hr&gig qui sir cf ispmsf li ug vfcìgti biai fofg lmgflm pmr Cøpiz y qui auà moc`kflm pmr ic nfd ori f rigl`rsi.

Ig ic läf vi`gti y sìti li Fkmstm, lispuàs li

nfoir mälm fckugms t`rms li hföøg ig ic ibàrh`tmfc`flm, rihòä `gdil`ftfdigti mrlig li dfrhnfrpfrf cfs Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, nfhìglm ym istf dfrhnf f pì y li gmhn i, sìglm pui stm ig ic hipm li cfzm hufglm lishfgsfof ic ibàrh`tm. Ic hmrmgic Dfrhø, hmdfglfgti li cms prisms, mrligø f cms

smclflms li kufrl`f qui dftfsig f tmlms y hufcquìr prism qui gm pulìsi dfrhnfr, y fsä auirmgquilfglm ig àc hfd`gm li Xfg Aidfg lm f CmdfsQfcigt`gfs duhnms hflæviris li cfs väht`dfs.

Litfcci li lmg Flmcam Xfkuìr (Auà lispuàs Q`hi

pris`ligti li cf _ipò oc`hf)

Cøpiz nfhäf fzmtfr f cms pr`s`mgirms hmg qu`gìgtms, d`c y lms d`c fzmtis fgtis li aus`cfrcms.

@kgmrf pmrquà nf s`lm prism. X`g idofrkm, àcsupmgi qui nfoìglm s`lm gmdorflm a`shfc pfrfighfusfr f cf dfgirf li Cøpiz f dæs li vi`gti`gaic`his, pr`gh`p`ø f ighfusfrcms y gm cms pusmf cf tmrturf, g` cis còzm lfr li fzmtis, g` cms ighmgtrø hucpfocis, rfzøg pmr cf hufc auà `gdil`ftf-




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digti fkrikflm fc gòd irm li cfs väht`df s pfrf

siku`r cf suirti li iccfs5 y s` nf sfcvflm nf s`lmprmv`ligh`fcdigti, y pfrf ricftfr fc duglm cmsnmrrmris li isti dfcvflm.

Xuar`ø `kufcdigti cf tmrturf lic hipm y li uru-kufyfgf , qui sikòg àc is d`c vihis pimr qui tmlfscfs tmrturfs qui `gvigtø cf @gqu`s`h`øg ig tìdpm

li \mrquidflf. F c su ar`rcf pm hm lispuàs si lisdfyø y hufglm vmcv`ø ig sä si ighmgtrø ig sufgt`kuf pms`h`øg hmg su ofrrf li kr`ccms y ig ichipm li cfzm. N`zm cf df rhnf f pì li Xfg Airgfglm f P`ccitf, hmg cfs pìs n`ghnflms y ixtiguflm pmr cms suar`dìgtms y si ris`kgø hmdm tmlmsf isf tridiglf dfrhnf li <: cikufs, pmr hmd`dms`dprfht`hfocis, pmrqui cf mrlig. irf li dftfr fofymg itfzms, `gl`st`gtfdigti, f tmlms cms qui- sihfgsfsig, auisig kigirfcis, biais, ma`h`fcis, smclflms, prisms, hcàr`kms, dubiris, g`öms, fgh`fgms, iga`g, tmlms cms qui nfhäfg cf trfvisäf y hmdm isgfturfc, duhnms `gaic`his hfyirmg fc suicm, ixti

guflms, p`lìglm pmr L`ms f kr`tms qui cis lìsigug dmdigtm li lishfgsm pfrf hmgt`gufr lispuàs.

Hfr`f li Rfhfräfs @``virm

. . . Ccikfg f Xfg Airgfglm y f \r`stæg (Lmhtmr \r`stæg _mhf, omc `v `fgm, rilfhtmr lic "Higt ` g i c f " ) , ci suictfg f cms h`ghm läfs5 ishròi fCøpiz smc`h`tfglm ugf igtriv`stf y gm rihòi hmgtistfh`øg. Fc sixtm läf fdfgihi ighfligflm y ictròugfc quìri qui fosuicvf ic `gtirrmkftmr`m qui






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Lihcfrfh`øg lic siömr Arfgh`shm D mttf (hmdirh`fg

ti frkigt`gm)_ispmgl`ø ' qui cfs hruiclflis prfht`hflfs pmr

Cøpiz, smg tfgtfs y tfg ftrmhis, àc aus`cfdìgtm, iccfghifd ìgtf, àc hipm li cf urukuf yfgf , cms fzmtis,nìrrms y ughä, `ga`g`tf vfrìlfl li hufgtms dfrt`r`ms `dfk`gfocis nuoìsig, irfg cms qui hmgst`tuäfg cf

suirti li sus väht`dfs. Xfo i, sikòg mäf lih`rsi,qui duhnms gfh`mgf cis y ixtrfgbirms gutrìrmg igisms dfrt`r`ms ig Xfg Ai rgf gl m, y qui ic dmt`vili tfgtms fsis`gftms auà ugf `dfk`gfr`f hmgsp`rfh`øg qui Cøpiz l` bm ix`st`r ig cf F su gh`ø g igtrigfh`mgfcis y ixtrfgbirms, pirm qui, sikòg àc li

hcfrfgti y tmlms cms nmdoris sigsftms qui nfg smoriv`v`lm f istms hruicis pflih`dìgtms, ism gm auàmtrf hmsf qui ug dil`m l`kgm li Cøpiz pfrf pmlirhmga`shfrcis, pu.is qui ig su df ymr pfrti irfg r`hms...

Lihcfrfh`øg li Bmsà Qf cit (Xuol`tm arfghàs)L`bm qui Cøpiz quirìglm sfh`fr su sil li sfg

kri y lidæs hrädigis, `dfk`gø ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg,ig cf qui igvmcv`ø f cms gfh`mgfcis dæs l`st`gku`lms y ug krfg gòdirm li ixtrfgbirms li dæs amrtugf5 y qui pr`gh`p`ø f lih`r qui nuom ug krfg

rmom ig cf Flufgf, l`hìglm qui cms hmgsp`rflmrisig hmdo`gfh`øg hmg cms idpciflms li cf d`sdf flufgf, nfoäfg rmoflm tmlm ic l`girm qui nfoäf ig iccfpfrf dfglfr f cms fc`flms, pmr cm qui auirmg gv`tir-tms ig Xfg Airgfglm y Q`ccitf f aus`c y cfgzf lispuàs li dfrt`r`zflms...

http://pu.es/


http://pu.es/



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Lihcfrfh`øg lic D fymr Qmg Qirsig

Xus a`shfcis, pfr dil`m li làirigtis tmrturfs,moc`kfofg f hfs` tmlms f nfhir cfs lihcfrfh`mgis quiiccms quiräfg motigir, pmrqui cf dfymr pfrti priairäf cf duirti f cms tmrdigtms. Y g a`shfc qgi prm hil`ø sikòg bust`h`f, auà puistm prism y lispuàs ibihutflm (ic Hmrmgic Fglràs Dfhìc) , tfc viz pmr gm

nfoir pml`lm motigir cms risuctflms lisiflms. Zirm hmdm cms kufrfgäs tigäfg qui sfoir ic pmr quàli isfs hruiclflis hmdit`lfs ofbm sus mbms, hmgtrfpirsmgfs li cf "d äibfr smhìlfl, si l`bm2 qui nfoäfugf hmgburfh`øg y si fhusø f cms hmdirh`fgtis linfoir rmoflm ic tismrm gfh`mgfc. Zi rm pfrf quìg

hmgmhi fckm li cfs h`rhugstfgh`fs lic Zfrfkufy, sfoi, y li cms l`hnms puili tfc viz liluh`rsi, quiugf hmgburfh`øg hmg krfglis rfdà`hfh`mgis ig icpfäs, is ugf hmsf `dpmsòci y is fosurlm nfocfr lirmom lic \ismrm Gfh`mgfc, ic hufc tismrm istfof igpmlir ixhcus`vm li Cøpiz.

(Li cf morf "Ii`si `g Fdirèf ugl lir Xulfdirèf-

g`sini E r ` i k " , pæk . 6; :) .

Lihcfrfh`øg li cf Xrf. X`cv`f Qfshmghiccms

li A`Ysoirt

A`g fcd igti , fö fl`ø cf lihcfrfgti,,, qui istfglm igHffpuhò, ig L`hìd ori lic föm pfsflm (6 > 1 > ) , hufglm Cø pi z y sus auirzfs auirmg listrmzflfs ig C m frfs Qfcigt`gfs, ccikø fccä ugf mrlig li Cøpiz l`r`k`lf fc biai lic pfrt`lm, ic hmdfglfgti dfymr Dizf,




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pfrf qui si auirf f riug`r hmg sus auirzfs f cfs li

Cøpiz ig Hirrm-Ciøg. Vui ic dfymr Dizf, rihòìglm isf mrlig pfrt`ø prmgtm hmg qu`gìgtms nmdorisishmk`lms, pfrf Hirrm-Ciøg, y fccä c cikfglm gm smcfdigti ic df ymr Dizf, hmdm tfdo`àg cms qu`gìgtmssmclflms auirmg cfghiflms pmr mrlig li Cøpiz, smpritixtm li qui sud`g`strfrfg kfgf lms y mtrms sm

hmrrms f cms fc`flms, cm qui cf lihcfrfävti ccfccf quigm irf dæs qui ug idousti.

Lihcfrfh`øg lic Hmrmgic Zilrm Nird msf

_ispmgl`ø qui smg `gdigsfs cfs hruiclflis prfht`hflfs pmr Cøpiz hmgtrf gfh`mgf cis y ixtrfgbirmsy hmg cms pr`s`mgirms li kuirrf. C,ms fzmtis, hipmli cf urukufyfgf y d`ccfris li tmrturfs irfg cmsdil`ms qui usfof Cøpiz pfrf frrfghfr hufcquìrlihcfrfh`øg f sus v`ht`dfs, pir m fs`d `sdm, duhnmspriairäfg cf duirti lispuàs li dfrt`r`zflms, qui

lfr ugf lihcfrfh`øg afcsf...Xikòg Cøpiz nfhäf puoc`hfr, irfg hfs` tmlfs isfs

väht`dfs hødpc`his ig ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg qui, l`hiCøpiz, ix`st`ø ig ic Zfrfkufy, dfs qui ic lihcfrfgti gm puili fa`fgzfr s` iccf ix`st`ø. . .

Gm sfoi løgli puilig ix`st`r pr`s`mgirms li kui

rrf y qui pfrf sä buzkf qui gm ix`stf g`gkugf...L ` b m d æ s 2 qui f tmlms cms `gl`v`lums qui nfg

s`lm aus`cflms y cfghiflms y qui nfg s`lm ccfdflmspmr àc trf`lmris f cf pftr`f, tfgtm gfh`mgfcis hmdmixtrfgbirms, cis irfg hmga`shflms sus oìgis.




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Lihcfrfh`øg li Fuku stf Hfrd äg

Cfs hruiclflis dæs oærofrfs prfht`hflfs hfggfh`mgf cis y ixtrfgbirms, irfg ic hipm urukuf yfd m,cms fzmtis, ic cfghifd ìgtm, ic aus`cfdìgtm y mtrmskàgirms li duirti...

Ic dmt`vm irf ugf supuistf hmgsp[f h`øg qui

gughf ix`st`ø, g` auà `gtigtflf , y ic a`g qui Cøpiztigäf ig v`stf irf sihuistrfr cf amrtugf là cms ixtrfgbirms y gfh`mgfcis y listirrfr sus rispiht`vfsafd``c`fs, riluh`àglmcfs f ixtridf d`sir`f.

Lihcfrfh`øg lic \igìgti Hmrmgic D fhìc

P m , \igìgti Hmrmgic Fgtmg`m Dfhìc, ix sihritfr`m lic a `gflm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, pris`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy, òct `dfdigti ris`ligti ig cf Fsugh`øg lic Zfrfkufy y fnmrf ig

Ishmh`f, nfkm burfdigtm y l`km26= Vui tig km tri`gtf y ug föms li ilfl, qui

d` mhupfh`øg is li idpciflm li cf Ma`h`gf li Kmoìrgm lic Zfrfkufy ig Fsugh`øg, lmgli ris`lm.Xmy li gfh`mgfc`lfl pfrfkufyf, li huym pfäs gughf sfcä nfstf nfhi pmhms disis. Di nfccà ig ic sir

v`h`m d`c`tfr lic kmoìrgm lic Zfrfkufy, lisli6>9; nfstf 6>1:. Vui ic ?: li Dfrzm li 6>1:, icl`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz di gmdorø su ishròìgti y hfom ig ic ibàrh`tm. Xikuä mhupfglm icpuistm li ishròìgti ofbm sus l`virsms sihritfr`ms,nfstf ic ? li Dfym li 6>1>, lispuàs li vfr`ms fs-




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higsms ig d ` hfpf h`lfl li d `c`tfr. I g 6>1> au `

Hfp`tæg li Frt`cciräf, y ig Bug`m m Buc`m lic d`sdm föm ccikuà f sir fyu lfg ti li Cø pi z. I g B u c`m li 6>10 au` gmdorflm \igìgti Hmrmgic y lurfgti istf àpmhf di mhupfof f digulm ig ishrò`rig cf ma`h`gf li Cøpiz y ig ic hufrtic kigirfc ymtrms cukfris. N fh`f ic a`g li F k ms tm li 6>10, igIstfg`scfm, si di fhmrlø ic puistm li Xihritfr`m

li Cøpiz. Au` tfdo`àg su fyulfgti li hfdpm. Cfsnir`lfs qui rihòä lurfgti cf hfdpföf di moc`kfrmg f fofglmgfr ig Gmvìdori li 6>10, cfs tfrifsli Xihritfr`m, pirm sikuä v`vìglm ig ic HufrticKigirfc .

Vui ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, ig su hfpfh`lfl li Zris`ligti, ighfoizfof ic Lipfrtfdigtm Ibihut`vm lic Istflm y fugqui tigäf fckugmsd`g`strms suomrl`gflms, àc usurpø cf futmr`lfl ixhcus`vf y fosmcutf y kmoirgø àc pfäs hmdm L`htflmr

li cf df girf dæs fro`trfr`f y t`ræg`hf. I c 9 liDfrzm li 6>19, istfglm li kuirrf hmg ic Orfs`c,Cø5piz hmgvmhø fc hmgkrism hmg ic mobitm li motigir cf sf gh`øg pf rf sus fhtms nmst`cis y p m r . ugfousm li su pmlir, `gt`d`lø f l`hnm hmgkrism, nfstf qui ci fhmrlfrmg pmlir ixtrfmrl`gfr`m pfrf lihcfrfr cf kuirrf f cf Frkig t`gf y pfrf nfhir ug

pràstfdm hmg isti mobitm.Cfs fhtfs li isti Hmgkrism auirmg igtirfdigti

ic risuctflm li cf futmr`lfl ixhcus`vf y fosmcutfqui Cøpiz ibirhäf smori istfs kigtis.




Vui ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz fprmvihnø

cf l`hnf kuirrf pfrf ix`k`r fc puiocm lic Zfrfkufypmr ug s`stidf riqu`s`tmr`m y hmga`shfh`mgis, icivflfs sudfs li l`girm, pritiglìglm qui cfs d`sdfs irfg riquir`lfs pfrf prmv`s`mgis y dug`h`mgis li kuirrf, y mtrms mobitms hmgihtflms hmg àstfs, gm mostfgti qui yf si nfoäf prmv`stm fdpc`fdigti pfrf istfs gihis`lflis pmr dil`m li ugfid`s`øg li pfpic li \ismriräf, fchfgzfglm vfr`msd`ccmgis li pisms, sìglm àstms li hursm cikfc igic pfäs. Vui ig ic l`hnm Hmgkrism, riug`lm ic 9li Dfrzm li 6>19, si ixtigl`ø ug fhtf futmr`zfglmic pràstfdm li ?9 d`ccmgis li pisms pfrf cms kfstms li cf kuirrf. Zrisigh`à ug Hmgsibm li Kui

rrf hmgvmhflm pmr Cøpiz ig ic hufrtic kigirfc liXfg Airgfglm ig Buc`m m Fkmstm li 6>1>. Ig l`hnm hmgsibm mä f Cøpiz mrligfr qui si hmga`shfrfcf prmpìlfl li tmlf pirsmgf qui nfoäf hmgsp`rflmhmgtrf cf pftr`f.

Cf dfymräf li cfs pirsmgfs li oìgis ig ic pfäs,

nmdoris y dubiris, auirmg afcsfdigti fhusflms litfcis hmgsp`rfh`mgis, auirmg fprisflfs, tmrturflfsy ibihutflfs, hmga`shæglmsi cuikm tmlms sus oìgis,nfstf cfs d`sdf s fcnfbfs qui cfs dubiris ccivfofgsmori sä. Dìgtrfs di nfccfof ig ic idpcim li Cøpiz hmdm su ishròìgti, rihuirlm nfoir ishr`tm vf

r`fs hfrtfs l`htflfs pmr àc f cms høgsucis ig _msfr`m, Dmgtiv`lim, Ouigms F`ris y mtrms cukfris,p`lìglm qui igväig f làirigtis pfrtis li Iurmpfcms l`girms vfr`ms qui tigäfg f su hfrkm. Istms l`girms irfg prmpìlfl lic istflm, puis irfg ic prmluhtm li cf vigtf li pirtigigh`fs lic istflm. Cfs




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pirsmgfs f quìgis si mrligø qui auirfg rid`t`lms

l`girms irf, i gtri mtrfs, D mgsìu r C f Zcf hi, icHøgsuc lic Zfrfkufy ig Zfräs, tfdo`àg DmgsìurKicmt, ug hmdirh`fgti ig Zfräs, tfdo`àg HfrcmsHf cvm, ic D `g`strm lic Zf rfk uf y ig Zf räs. \fcisl`girms fchfgzfofg f ugf icivflf sudf. Cøpiz tfdo`àg si fpmlirø li cms frtähucms l& pcftf li cfs`kcis`fs pfrf su usm pfrt`hucfr, gm ftriv`àglmsi gf-,lì f prmtistfr g` nfhir quibf fckugf .

Vui lurfg ti cf kuirrf y fgtis li iccf, ni igtrikflm ym d`sdm fc l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz,dìgtrfs d i ighmgtrfof ighfrkflm li cf \ismriräf

y hud pcìglm hmg sus ørligis virofcis, l`girms licKmo ìrgm qui àc si fprmp`ø pfrf su usm pirsmgfc, yli cms hufcis gughf ixtigl`ø rihòm. Vui ig ugfmhfs`øg au` dfglflm f pfkfr li cf \ismriräf ?9 m8: lurms f ug idpciflm li ticàkrfams. L`hnm Cøpizdfglø ilà`hfr hfsfs f hmstf puoc`hm pfrf sus gu

dirmsfs hmghuo`gfs y sus n`bms. L`hnfs hfsfs auirmg ilà`hflfs pmr smclflms frtisfgms, sìglm cmsdftir`fcis pfrf cf hmgstruhh`øg, li prmpìlfl licIstflm. Vui ni pripfrflm ym, f pil`lm li l`hnflidfg lflf Cyghn y f su afvmr, vfr`ms ishr`tms litrfgsairigh`fs li hfsfs qui nfoäfg s`lm hmga`shflfs

hmdm fgtis ni l`hnm. Krfglis trihnms li hfdpm auirmg trfgsair`lms f iccf f prih`ms gmd `gfcis. Cøpizistfof igtirflm li tfcis nihnms, tmlms cms hufcis irfgccivflms f hfom hmg fprmofh`øg suyf. Gm nfoäf cfl`hnf lidfg lflf flqu`r`lm gflf fgtis li cf lihcfrfh`øg li cf kuirrf.




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Vuà pmr cf pms`h`øg qui mhupfof ic l`hnm Arfg

h`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y pmr ic tirrmr qui nfoäf hfusflm igtri sus suomrl`gflms, pmr sus nihnms hruicisy t`ræg`hms, tigäf pmlir hfs` ixhcus`vm smori cf \ismriräf lic Istflm y fd pc`fs mpmrtug`lflis pfrf rit`rfr lic d`sdm krfglis hfgt`lflis li l`girm pfrfsu usm prmp`m, mpmrtug`lflis qui fprmvihnø ig vfr`fs mhfs`mgis l i d` hmgmh`dìgtm.

Vui lurfgti cms òct`dms föms li cf l`hnf kuirrf,ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y cf lidfg lflfIc`sf Fc`h`f Cyghn, rit`rfrmg li cf \ismriräf Zòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy icivflfs sudfs li l`girm qui rid`tìrmg pmr làirigtis dil`ms f mtrms pfäsis.

Ygf m dæs li cfs l`hnfs ridisfs auirmg nihnfs

ixprisfdigti pmr ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpizy pmr huigtf suyf, mtrfs pmr huigtf lic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, pirm hmg ic prmpøs`tm li mhuctfrsu mobitm, ig ic gmdori y fpfrigtidigti pmr huigtfli cf l`hnf lidfglflf Ic`sf Fc`h`f Cyghn, pmr dil`m lic lidfglflm Dfrtäg \nmdfs Dfh. Dfnmg,

quìg mhupfof ig ic Zfrfkufy ig fquic tìdpm ugpuistm l`pcmdæt`hm li cms Istflms Yg`lms li GmrtiFdàr`hf y quìg si nfccfof ig ricfh`mgis duy ägt`dfs hmg ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y cf lidfglflf Ic`sf Fc`h`f Cyghn y kmzfof li cf hmga`fgzf li cms d `sd ms. Xi ighf rkø àc li cfs ridisfsli l`hnms l`girms, sfoìglm qui ofbm cf prmtihh`øgli cf ofglirf fdir`hfgf gm pmläf sir hmga`shflmspmr cms fc`flms, f trfvàs li huyfs cägifs tigäfg quipfsfr y istfglm piraihtfdigti igtirflm lic mobitmpfrf ic hufc nfoäfg s`lm nihnfs y pmr huigtf liqu`àg. Fckugms föms fgtis si nfoäf igv`flm li




“ ?0: “

Zfsm li cf Zftr`f, l`girm lic Kmoìrgm pmr cf hf

ömgirf a rfghisf "Lih `lài" .Ic 6= li Dfrzm li 6>;: ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz auà duirtm ig Hirrm-Mmræ, hirhf lic Fqu`-lfoæg, dìgtrfs trftfof li nu`r li cms fc`flms quici pirsikuäfg. Z mhm rftm fgtis cf lid fglflf Ic`sfFc`h`f Cyghn nfoäf s`lm tmdflf pmr cfs auirzfsorfs`cirfs.

Vui i c c 9 li F km stm li 6>10 auà lio`lfdigti yvæc`lfdigti hmgst`tu`lm ug Kmoìrgm Zrmv`smr`m licf l`hnf _ipòoc`hf y ic Zmlir Ibihut`vm lurfgtifquic t ìdpm si hmdpmgäf li tris pirsmgfs2 LmgHfrcms Cm`zfkf, lmg H`r`cm Fgtmg`m _`vfrmcf y lmgBmsà Läfz li Oilmyf.

Vui ugf hmd`s`øg hmdpuistf li riprisigtfgtislic Orfs`c , cf Hmgailirfh`øg Frkigt`gf y ic Zfrfkufy, n`hìrmg lispuàs ugf `gvist`kfh`øg hmg ic prmpøs`tm li hirh`mrfrsi fhirhf li cf hmgluhtf lic l`hnmArfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, hmdm tfc Zris`ligti, hmdmfgtis ni l`hnm, lurfgti cf l`hnf kuirrf, y si hmd

prmoø qui ic l`hnm Cøpiz si nfoäf, ig iaihtm, s`gfutmr`lfl g` bustà `hfh`øg fckugf, y li cf dfgirf yli cms a`gis fgtis l`hnms, fprmp`flm pfrf su usm•pfrt`hucfr y pmr cms dil`ms dæs v`mcigtms y t`ræg`hms, icivflfs sudfs li cfs hfbfs lic Istflm y quinfoäf ix`k`lm l`girm lic puiocm y qui cf lidfglflf

Ic`sf F c`h`f Cyghn rihcfdø àg lirihnm prmp`m y igriprisi-gtfh`øg lic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz,kufrlfr ic l`girm y cms oìgis tfg `gbustfdigti flqu`r`lms. Vui ic lmhud igtm d frhflm F , qui fnmrfsi prmluhi, is ugf hmp`f gmtfr`fc hirtà `hflf lic`gamrdi li l`hnf hmd`s`øg.




? 6 “

Cms lidfglflms auirmg rispiht`vfdigti `gstru

digtfcis ig cf trfgsd`s`øg li l`hnms l`girms ig icZfrfkufy.Iihuirlm qui dìgtrfs di ighmgtrfof ig Fzhu-

rrf f a `gis li Bug`m m f pr`gh`p`ms li Buc`m li 6>10ic l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz rid`t`ø pmr dil`mli Dfrtäg \nmdfs Dfh Dfnmg, quìg vmcväf f cmsIstflms Yg`lms, väf Ouigms F`ris, vfr`ms hfbmgis Ficms qui ym, buzkfglm pmr su fpfrìgh`f y pism, hriäauirf l`girm. I stms hfbmgis aui rm g ccivflms f cfscägifs igid`kfs ig huftrm m h`ghm hfrrms hustml`flmspmr smclflms y ig isi d`sdm tìdpm cf siömrf Cyghn,igv`ø hfbmgis hmgtigìglm rmpfs y vfc`msms ighfbispfrfkufyms, qui iccf gms igsiöø f dä y f mtrms ma`

h`fcis qui si ighmgtrfofg igtmghis ig ic Hufrtic Kigirfc, y au` igtmghis `gamrdflm li qui D fh D fnmgnfoäf ccivflm hmgs`km krfglis hfgt`lflis li l`girmig istms hfbmgis.

X` istms hfbmgis hmgtigäfg l`girm, hmdm hrim, lioinfoir s`lm l`girm lic Kmoìrgm. Is oìg sfo`lm ig

ic Zfrfkufy y tfdo`àg cm sà ym qui cf lidfglflfIc`sf F c`h`f Cyghn gm si mhupfof ig g`gkòg gikmh`m, g` trfofbø, pmr cm hufc gm pmlräf kfgfr g`gkugfhfgt`lfl li l`girm. Zmr ic hfrkm qui mhupfof ymhmdm sihritfr`m li Cøpiz, sà qui iccf fhmstud orfofigv`fr sus huigtfs f pfkfr ig Iurmpf, hmdm tfd

o`àg cfs li su nirdfgm, qui v`väf ig ic Zfrfkufy,fc l`hnm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, igtmghis Kigirfc,pfrf sir pfkf lfs pmr àc. P sà li qui àc cfs pfkfof.

D . F . D F H @ I @, .







Y G A Y X @ C F D @ I G \ M N @ X \ Ø _ @ H M

Xiömr lmg Oic`sfr`m _`vfrmcf.Fprih `flm fd`km 2

Hmdigzfrà cf prisigti pmr fkrflihir f ustil cfliairigh`f lic marih`dìgtm li cfs hmcudgfs li cf_iv`stf lic @gst`tutm, li su l`kg f l`ri hh`øg , pfrf

nfhir puoc`hfh`mgis smori pfsfbis n`stør`hms li cfkuirrf5 pirm l`rà f ustil cm qui l`bi f ug fprih`flm fd`km däm, qui sìglm tfdo`àg l`rihtmr licf digh`mgflf puoc`hfh`øg, di p`l`ø hmcfomrfsi igic d`sdm sigt`lm2 "qui gm l`spmgkm li t ìdpm pfrflil`hfrdi f ishrò`r smori isms tidfs, li suym li

c`hflms, y qui gihis`tfg ugf hmgtrfhh`øg ispih`fcpfrf gm `ghurr`r ig `gixfht`tulis `dpirlmgfocis" .Gm mostfgti, y pmr istf viz, vmy f ricftfrci sus-

h`gtfdigti, ic n`stør`hm aus`cfdìgtm li su täm, Dfguic Dfräf _`vfrmcf.

Gm lulm qui ustil y cms suyms nfg li nfoir sfo`lm li su duirti, pirm qu`zæ gm sipfg ic hødm y icpmr quà li su træk`hm a`g.

*Ig cms òct`dms läfs lic dis li Gmvìdori li

6>1> si nfccfof ic ristm li guistrm kcmr`msm ibàrh`tm,auirti dæs m digms li lìz y si`s f lìz y sìti d`c




“• ?0< “

nmdoris, mhupfglm cf pms`h`øg li @tæ-@oftà m Cm

dfs Qfcigt`gfs, bur`sl`hh`øg li Q`ccitf, ig ispirflic ibàrh`tm fc`flm qui ig gòdirm duy supir`mr civigäf s`kuìglm. "Irf ig dmdigtm ig qui ic orfs`ciöm ibihutfof ug dmv`dìgtm istrftàk`hm, dfrhnfglm pmr ic Hnfhm pmr ug hfd`gm nihnm ixprmaism pfrfftrfvisfr ic räm arigti f Xfg Fgtmg`m y pmr fnätigtfr ug ftfqui pmr ic a cfghm lirihnm y ritfkufrl`f, dìgtrfs ic frkigt`gm, fhfdpflm ig cf fgt`kufkufrl`f li Cøpiz, ligmd`gflf Zfcdf, cm n`hìrfpmr ic a cfghm `zquìrlm.

Ig guistrm hfdpm tmlm irf ispihtft`vf. Xi hriäf,fc digms si lihäf ig cf `gt`d`lfl li biais y ma`h`fcis, qui cf kuirrf tmhfof f su tàrd`gm, y qui f buz

kfr pmr cms dmv`dìgtms lic igid`km duy prmgtm òff smstigirsi ugf oftfccf lia`g`t`vf.

Cm qui quiräfg tmlms, fug f rìskm li cf v`lf,irf ic a `g li cf hfdpföf tfg prmcmgkflf y tfg ccigf li s`gsfomris y suar`dìgtms.

*# *

Xfoilmr Cøpiz li qui ic ibàrh`tm orfs`ciöm dfrhnfof pmr ic Hnfhm, dfglø listfhfr fc oftfccøg gòdirm <: hmg ørligis li s`tufrsi ig.cfs `gdil`fh`m

gis lic puirtm li Q`ccitf y mosirvfr fc igid`km,ccivfglm `gstruhh`mgis ic hmdfglfgti lic huirpm,sfrkigtm d fym r \i mlm rm Xæg hniz, li lfr fv`sm fchufrtic kigirfc li tmlfs cfs gmvilflis pmr `gs`kgà`hfgtis qui aui rfg . I g hfsm li qui `gtigtfsig lisidofrhfr ig ic d`sdm puiocm5 m sps `gdil`fh`mgis




“ ?09 “

lioiräfg t`rfr hmnitis y ibihutfr ugf rit`rflf ig

mrlig nfh`f @tæ-@oftà.F isti listfhfdigtm fhmdpföfofg lms ispäfs li

prmais`øg qui pmr turgm pfsfräfg f gflm fc Hnfhmtmlfs cfs gmhn is pf rf hirh`mrfrsi, li cf d frhnf li,cms orfs`cirms.

Lisli ic 6= li L`hìdori øhupfofWic oftfccøg <:cf pms`h`øg lis`kgflf. @gd il`ftfd igti ic d fym rXæghniz istfocih`ø sus kufrl`fs ig pugtms hmgvigìgtis y cuikm prmhurø tigir gmt`h`fs pmr tmlmscms dil`ms f su fchfghi smori cf dfrhnf li igid`

km, igv`fglm f Cøpiz cms digmris litfccis, fv`sæglmci fc d`sdm tìdpm, qui pfrihäf qui fquàc gm `gtigtfräf ug lisidofrqui ig Q`ccitæ g` ig sus `gdil`fh`mgis.

Cøpiz, pmr su pfrti, dfglfof hmg arihuigh`f guivfs ørligis pmr dil`m li sus fyulfgtis fc biai lic

oftfccøg <:.Cf krfg huist`øg qui primhupfof fc Dfr`shfc irfhmgmhir ic s`t`m li@"lisidofrhm lic ibàrh`tm orfs`ciöm.

* #

Ygf dflrukflf ig qui si ighmgtrfof ic oftfccøgig amrdfh`øg pfrf cf c`stf pr`dirf, m sif cf li l`fgf, nfccæglmsi ic dfymr Xæghniz, ic fyulfgti lichuirpm tigìgti Dickfribm y fckugms ma`h`fcis sigtflms ig `dprmv`sflfs s`ccfs fcrililmr li ug amkøgf vi`gti y h`ghm pfsms dæs m digms arigti f cf




“ ?01 “

hmdpföäf li krfgflirms, lipfrtìglm ig ugf li

isfs fcikris y hn`stmsfs hmgvirsfh`mgis li hfdpfdigtm, dìgtrfs ug fs`stigti hiofof ic `gafctfocifdfrkm, si v`m vig`r hmrrìglm f ug hfom li ug listfhfdigtm li ritfkufrl`f, ic hufc ccikø, si huflrøarigti fc dfymr y ci l` bm2

“Zi`gf hm mkuf bnà fdø kufrl`fpà hfrf` fyulfg-

ti (6 ) .Ig ic fhtm auà Xæghniz nfh`f cf kufrl`f f rihò`rcf v`s`tf y hmg istm si l`smcv`ø cf riug`øg, pmrquicms ma`h`fcis auirmg f mhupfr sus puistms ig cfs hmdpföäfs, dìgtrfs ic fyulfgti lic huirpm rihmrräf cfamrdfh`øg priv`gìglm cf ccikflf lic nuàspil.

Yg dmdigtm lispuàs ccikfrmg fc cukfr li cf riug`øg Xæghniz y ic fyulfgti li Cøpiz, ic hufc auà`gv`tflm pmr ic fs`stigti hmg ug fdfrkm, qui fhiptøig ic fhtm.

Hmghcu`lm li tmdfr ic pr`dir dfti, läbmci fc hmdfglfgti lic huirpm2

“"Qmy f rihmrrir cf amrdfh`øg, yf qui ni ccikflm

tfg f tìdpm y cuikm vmcviridms f siku`r hmg icdfti.

“Hmdm kustà`s, hfp`tæg “ ci l`bm Xæghniz5 “ym ci fhmdpföfrà. “ P si auirmg. Istuvìrmg ugdmdigtm arigti f cf hmdpföäf li krfgflirms y hmdigzø ic sfculm li ist`cm pmr ic hfp`tæg fyulfgti2

“Dofitihø pf cms d`tf. Dof`ti`pf yà pi` ni `huæhm piidi hfr`, dofà pf glæ yà pàìmtioà rfi niä (?) .

( 6 ) Ig isti dmdigtm nf ccikflm ig cf kufrl`f ug

fyulfgti lic Dfr`shfc.

( ? ) “ ½H ød m istæg, duhnfhnms= “ Cis nfhi lih`r X.

I . s` hødm istæg y s` gihis`tfg fckugf hmsf.




“` ?0; “

Cms smclflms hmgtistfofg ugæg`didigti cf cih

h`øg li sìdpri2 ' ' X`g gmvilfl, itigti rm`, dofioitàhm gm rm`hmtioà`. Mrà ofymgitf hftò bnfhfæ bnfhuæbnf cf rm`pmtf`tiof hftò g`hø mridmglø d` hfrfä ti-gmglà ud` hfdoæ huirfpà, rmbnà hnfuhæ nfkuæ hf-rf äpi cf mrikufpmbnæ kuitir ä " (6 ) .

“@pmrf`tà cms d`tf, ækf fdmdoiò pmrf`tà gàpiàdi hfrfäpi cf pigi ighfrkui (?) .

L`hnfs cfs òct`dfs pfcforfs ic hfp`tæg hmgt`guørihmrrìglm cfs lidæs hmdpföäfs hmg ic dfymr Xæghniz y cuikm vmcvìrmg fc amkøg f siku`r cf tmdf lidfti.

Ic dfymr dfglø ccfdfr li guivm f cms ma`h`fcisy si rifgulø cf fcikri hnfrcf, ig cf qui ic fyulfgti

li Cøpiz nfhäf m`r tfdo`àg sus hn`stis li ouig nudmr .

@gstfgtis lispuàs, l`bm ic hfp`tæg f Xæghniz2“Läkfdi dfymr, ½quà gmt`h`fs tìgi ustil li cf

dfrhnf li cms orfs`cirms=“Nmdori, fquä istæ ic ispäf Rmrr`ccf qui fhfof

li ccikfr lic Hnfhm, ½ pm r quà ustil d`sd m, hfp`tæg ,gm ci prikugtf fckm

“L`hi ustil oìg. Nækfdi ccfdfr f isi ispäf.Yg dmdigtm lispuàs si prisigtø Rmrr`ccf5 sfc`ø

(6 ) “ G m tigidms g`gkugf gmvilfl y gm gihis`tf

dms li gflf. (Fugqui tmlm ic duglm istfof dur`àglmsfli gihis`lfl, àstfs smg cfs hmgtistfh`mgis qui ci lfofg),

søcm quiridms qui gms dfgli pmr licfgti f hmdoft`r hmg

cms gikrms puis, pfrf iccm tigidms oìg, fku`sflfs guistrfs

ofymgitfs y lidmstrfridms qui fòg smdms vfcìgtis.

(? ) Oì g, du hnfhnms5 nfrà prisigti f X. I . vuistrm

ighfrkm.




“ ?0> “

ic. hfp `tæg lic härh uc m y si rit`rø f l`stfgh`f li u gms

lìz m qu`ghi pfsms hmg àc y fccä hmgvirsfrmg igvmz ofbf.

Ig istm si myø ug rilmoci li tfdomr tird`gfglmhmg lms pugtms2 siöfc li pfrti. _it`røsi Xæghniz fcamkøg pfrf rihò`r ic pfrti, f huym iaihtm vigäfg yfcms hmdfglfgtis li hmdpföäf. \ird`gflf istf præh

t`hf li mrligfgzf si rit`rfrmg àstms y tfg cuikm istuvìrmg f cf hfoizf li sus hmdpföäfs, lioäfg hmdigzfr cms v`vfs y d uirfs li hmstud ori ( 6 ) .

Zfrf lfrcms si ishmkäfg igtri cms smclflms li hflf hmdpföäf cms dæs fptms.

Ig cf hmdpföäf li krfgflirms tmhfof ic turgm fc

smclflm D fguic D fräf _`vfrmcf y su hmd pföäf hmdm hfoizf lic oftfccøg irf cf qui hmdigzfräf.Gm tfrlø ig dfglfr ic hmdfglfgti li cf hmdpf

ö ä f 2 "Hmdìghig cms v `vfs i c li turgm" , y lmg Dfguic Dfräf _`vfrmcf idpizø f su viz f kr`tfr hmgtmlfs cfs auirzfs li sus pucdmgis, hmdm pfrf quiic fyulfgti li Cøpiz cm myisi2

“¡Q`vf ic Ixhdm. Xiömr Dfr`shfc Zris`ligti li,cf _ipòoc`hf y kigirfc ig biai li sus ibàrh`tms, lmgArfgh `shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz

“¡Q`vffff “ hmgtistfrmg cms smclflms.“¡Q`vf ic pr`dir kuirrirm sulfdir`hfgm, X. I.

ic Dfr`shfc Cøpiz“-¡ Q ` v f f f f

(6) I rf hmstudori ig fquiccf àpmhf lfr v`vf s fc D f

r`shfc y fc ibàrh`tm gfh`mgfc, y duirfs fc Idpirflmr Zi

lrm @@, D`tri y fc ibàrh`tm fc`flm, fc a`gfc`zfr cf c`s

tf li l`fgf.




“ ?00 “

“¡Q`vf ic vfcirmsm i birh `tm gfh`mgfc

“ ¡ Q `v f f f f“ ¡ D uirf g ic @d pi r`m lic Orfs `c y sus d`sirfocisfc`flms pfrf sìdpri BFDFX c •

“ D ui rfg , •“ l`birm g y u g tmqui li rit`rflf l`smcv`ø cf amrdfh`øg lic oftfccøg.

Ic pmori lmg Dfguic Dfräf, hmdm l`bi, nfoäf nihnm isauirzms. smorinud fgms pfrf kr`tf r dæs rih `mqui.gughf, hriyiglm fsä fkrflfr dæs fc fyulfgtilic dfr`shfc.

Zirm, ¡ m n aftfc`l fl , nfoäf hmdit`lm ug krfg lic`tm, nfoäf prmgugh`flm ugf pfcforf iquävmhf, isi¡ B F D F X hmg qui tird`gø su fhcfdfh`øg .

Iaiht`vfdigti, s` oìg qui gughf si supm hødm

cf `gtirpritø Cøpiz, cm hìrtm is qui pmr isf pfcforfdfglø aus`cfr f ug nmdori qui bfdæs nfocø s`gmhmg s`ghir`lfl y ouigf ai y qui gm søcm ic dìlmqui tigäf f Cøpiz, s`gm pmrqui ig isms läfs ic s`stidf li tirrmr si nfccfof ig su fpmkim y hufcquìrlisc`z nfräf pirlir cf v`lf, gm irf li prisud`rsi nu

oìsi quir`lm nfhir ug-iquävmhm- hmg. isi. kr`tm.

Fc tird`gfr cms duirfs ci mrligø ic hfp`tæg fc ispäf Rmr r`ccf si. rit`rfrf, v`gm nfh`f ic d fym r Xæg

hniz y ci l`bm2“ ' ' D fym r, nækfdi- pmg ir prism `ghmd ug`hflm igic fhtm, f isi smclflm li cf hmdpföäf li krfgflirmsqui fhfof li v`vfr" , “ fvir`kufglm cuikm pmr sugmdori.

“Istæ oìg, “ hmgtistø Xæghniz.




“ 8:: “

Gflf Nfoäf qui prikugtfr g` ripc`hfr f ug dfg

lftm lic fyulfgti lic dfr`shfc, c`d`tæglmsi søcm flih `r 2“Isi smclflm is Dfguic Dfräf I`vfrmcf.Lflf cf mrlig li pr`s`øg, dmgtø f hfofccm y vmcø

nfh`f ic hufrtic kigirfc.Hmdm si nf l`hnm, si nfccfof ic hfp`tæg tmdfglm

gmtf lic ricftm lic ispäf Rmrr`ccf qui fhfofof lirikrisfr lic Hn fhm, pir m ¡ quà igid `km g` quà d frhnf pm r ic H nf hm , smori tmlfs istfs hmsfs p r`d fofcf licfh`øg y fccæ òf ic hfp`tæg f lfr pfrti li quiug smclflm lic <: nfoäf hmdit`lm ic krfvi lic`tm likr ` tfr 2 ¡ D uirfg ic @d pi r`m lic O rfs`c y sus d `sirfocis fc`flms pfrf sìdpri bfdæs

\fgtm ic hmdfglfgti lic huirpm hmdm cms ma`h`fcis y trmpfs gm sfoäfg pmr quà si prigläf fc smclflm _`vfrmcf.

Gflì si l`m huigtf lic krfvi lic`tm lic " Z F _ FX @ I D Z _ I B F D F X " , g ` ri d mtf d ig ti p fsø p m r cf`dfk`gfh`øg li sus hmdpföirms li frdfs qui ic dm

t`vm li cf pr`s`øg siräf isf pfcforf.Ic dfymr Xæghniz, ouig nmdori, quir`lm li sus

smclflms, ugm li cms biais li cf àpmhf `ghfpfz li hmditir hruiclflis `gbustfs, si `gtirisø pmr su smclflm y s`ku`ø fvir`kufglm cm qui nfoäf pml`lm dmt`vfr cf `gus`tflf pr`s`øg mrligflf pmr ic fyulfgti,

pirm, hmdm ni l`hnm, gflì supm ic dmt`vm, puis ftmlms nfoäf pfsflm lisfpirhò`lm ic tirròci B F D F X . Auà f cf kufrl`f, prikugtø f _`vfrmcf s` sfoäf pmr quà si nfccfof prism, s` nfoäf hmdit`lm fckòg lic`tm.

Ic prism hmgtistø2




“ 8:6 “

“Dfymr, ym gm cì nihnm gflf, gm ni hmdit`lm

g`gkugf afctf, s`rvm f cf pftr`f hmg cf cifctfl li ughùlflfgm qui marihi su v`lf pmr su liaigsf.

Xi rit`rø Xæghniz li cf kufrl`f, hmgvigh`lm li cf`gmhigh`f li _`vfrmcf, pirm tidìglm suhilìrf fckmdæs, puis ig fquiccf àpmhf hufcquìr lisc`z `gs`kgà`hfgti trfäf smtfri ug m cf lihcf rfh`øg lic trf `lmry . . . sus tirròcis hmgsihuigh`fs.

\ris nmrfs lispuàs li cf pfrt`lf lic hfp`tæg ccikø mtrm fyulfgti lic hufrtic kigirfc y l`bm fc dfymr Xæghniz2

“Li pfrti lic Ixhdm. Xiömr Dfr`shfc nfræ pfsfr `gdil`ftfdigti pmr cfs frdfs fc smclflm Dfguic Dfräf _`vfrmcf, pmr nfoir kr`tflm nmy lispuàsli cf c`stf li l`fgf, lispuàs li cms v`vfs, duirfgic @dpir`m lic Orfs`c y sus d`sirfocis fc`flms pfrfsìdpri bfdæs. \fdo`àg ci nfhi lih`r X. I. pfrf

qui ftìglf ug p mhm d æs f su of tf ccøg y qui --aim.flicfgti si nfkfg lio`lfdigti cms v`vfs y duirfsy gm si p`lf ic qui bfdæs duirfg cms fc`flms, hmdmcm n`zm isi smclflm dfcvflm.

Xæghniz hmgtistø qui ftigl iräf oìg y qui igflicfgti si nfräfg hmrrihtfdigti cfs fhcfdfh`mgis,

qui lishu`lfsi X. I., puis gm nforäf li suhilir dæshisf fckugf qui pulìrf `ghmdmlfrci.Nfoäf qui lihcfrfrsi sìdpri hucpfoci ig istms

hfsms y ic dfymr Xæghniz fsä cm n`zm5 gm nfoäf vuictfs qui lfr, li cm hmgtrfr`m si ixpmglräf f cms aurmris li Cøpiz.




“ 8:? “

Lflf cf mrlig li aus`cfdìgtm li _`vfrmcf y fpir

hò`dìgtm lic dfymr Xæghniz, ic fyulfgti tmrgøli guivm fc hufrtic kigirfc.

@gd il`ftfdig ti ccfdø Xæghniz fc fyul fgti lichuirpm, ci hmdug`hø ic krfvi lic`tm li _`vfrmcf ycuikm ci mrligø f qui l`spusìrf su aus`cfdìgtm. Fclfr istf mrlig si ci hfyirmg cfs cækr`dfs fc vfcìg

ti dfymr Xæghniz ig v`stf li cf tridiglf `gbust`h`f qui si òf f hmditir hmg ug `gmhigti fgh`fgm.

Ic fyulfgti Dickfribm qui gm ispirfof tfg dfcf guivf quilø ug dmdigtm pirpcibm y pæc`lm, s`gfrt`hucfr pfcforf, pirm Xæghniz ci l`bm2

“Qfdms tigìgti, hudpcf cf mrlig.

Igtmghis vmcv`ø ig sä ic fyulfgti y auà f cf hmdpföäf li krfgflirms, p`l`ø fc hmdfglfgti li iccf cilìrf huftrm t`rflmris y ug sfrkigtm pfrf uct`dfrf ugm li sus hmdpföirms li aft`kfs y li kcmr`fs.

Lmg Dfguic Dfräf si ighmgtrfof ig isms dmdigtms fsfglm ugf isp`kf li dfäz ig ic amkøg li cfkufrl`f ofglirf. Ccikf ic fyulfgti lic huirpm y cil`hi fc prism2

“Civægtisi _`vfrmcf y dærhnisi ig ic huflrm

qui ci ispirf._`vfrmcf g` si l`m huigtf li cm qui dmdigtmsdæs tfrli ci òf f suhilir, g` tfdpmhm ic fyulfgtici l`bm gflf dæs, libfglm pfrf òct `dm dmdigtm cfsixpc`hfh`mgis.

Xi civfgtø ic pmori nmdori, tmdø su isp`kf li




“ 8:8 “

dfäz, pfsø fc huflrm li cms t`rflmris y auà hmglu

h`lm nfh`f ic cukfr lmgli tigäf qui sir ibihutflm.Hmdm _`vfrmcf gm sfoäf gflf li cm qui ci ispirfof, fc pfrihir, òf hmdìglm su dfäz hmg fpit`tm,pirm lispuàs li nfoir dfrhnflm ug piquiöm trihnm,si `ghmrpmrf fc huflrm ug hfpiccæg lic ibàrh`tm igv`flm lic hufrtic kigirfc (6) y ci l`bm fc rim quiòf f sir aus`cflm y qui vigäf f lfrci cms fux`c`mshr`st`fgms.

_i h`àg igtmghis hmgmh`ø _ `vfrm cf cf s`tufh`øg igqui si ighmgtrfof y si ci v`m frrmbfr su isp`kf lidfäz, p rikugtfglm 2

“Zirm pflri, ½huæc is d` lic`tm=“Xu lic`tm, _`vfrmcf, is krfväs`dm. Ql. l` bm nmy

ig cf l`fgf cfs s`kuìgtis pfcforfs2 Duirfg ic @dpir`m lic Orfs`c y sus d`sirfocis fc`flms pfrf sìdpri bfdæs.

Lmg Dfguic Dfräf qu`sm prmtistfr su `gmhigh`f,pirm cf mrlig li Cøpiz irf `rrivmhfoci y irf digistir ris`kgfrsi f suar`r cf òct`df pigf.

*# *

Yg dmdigtm lispuàs ccikfrmg fc s`t`m li cf ibihuh`øg5 hmghcuyø _`vfrmcf hmg cms fux`c`ms hr`st`fgms 5 ugf lishfrkf y ic nudm hmcmr pcmd`zm li cmsaus`cis qui ig amrdf isp`rfc si icivfof ig ic ispf

h`m, n`zm sfoir f cms hfdfrflfs lic <: cf duirti lichmdpföirm li frdfs.

# *

(6 ) I c prisoätirm A`l ic D fäz .




“ 8:< “

Ig ic oftfccøg, tfgtm ic biai, hmdm ma`h`fcis y trm

pfs, s`gtìrmg smoridfgirf ic træk`hm a `g li _`vf-rmcf, tfgtm dæs qui ic d mt`vm lic aus`cfd ìgtm gmighirrfof g`gkòg lic`tm, puis søcm Cøpiz pulm nfoir hmgs`lirflm fquiccms kr`tms s`g `dpmrtfgh`f hmdm tfc y s`g amrdf li prmhism, g` sir smdit`lm f ughmgsibm li kuirrf virofc ig hfdpföf, qui fld`tigcfs mrligfgzfs ispfömcfs qui rikäfg ig fquiccf àpmhf, g` mälm fc rim hmdm privìgi ug frtähucm li cfh`tflf mrligfgzf y myiglm smcm cf vmz li ug licftmr vuckfr, mrligfr cf duirti lic smclflm, qui pmläf nfoir pristflm fòg `dpmrtfgtis sirv`h`ms, puissi nfccfof ig väspirfs li krfglis oftfccfs qui auirmg Pmtmrmrø i @tæ-@oftà.

Buzkui fnmrf ic cihtmr cm qui auà fquiccf liskrfh`flf àpmhf.

Ni fquä, fd`km Oic`sfr`m, ic hødm y ic pmr quàdur`ø su täm lmg Dfguic Dfräf _`vfrmcf.

X. X.D F G Y I C FQ@CF.

Aiorirm, 60:<.

(Zuoc`hflm ig cf "_iv`stf lic @gst`tutm Zfrfkufym" ,

G = < > ) .

Qfr`ms auirmg `ms I`vfrmcfs qui pfkfrmg su tròutm fcf pftr`f, igtri iccms lmg Bfh`gtm _`vfrmcf, pflri lic siömr

Oic`sfr`m I`vfrmcf, qui sìglm istul`fgti ig Hørlmof fc

igtfocfr cf kuirrf, libø cfs fucfs y v`gm f igrmcfrsi ig ic

ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym5 H`r`cm Fg tmg`m I`vfrmcf, Mf tfv`fgm

_`vfrmcf, nir`lm ig ic fsfctm f cms fhmrfzflms5 Ailir`hm

_`vfrmcf, g`öm li 6? föms duirtm ig Iuo`macò, y vfr`ms dæs.




H M D I G \ F _ @ M X F _ I X V Y @ G P F X Y X


(Zærrfams li cf rihìgti morf "Cf dfsfhri li Hmg

hiph`øg", li Nàhtmr A. Lihmul)

Hmg riairigh`f fc pr`s`mgirm orfs`ciöm Zilrm F.

Fcvfriz, " af c ci h `l m li duirti g ft u rf c" , tmlms cmsqui f sidibfgzf li àsti, fpfrihäfg hmdm afccih`lmsli d uirti gfturf c, y ig cms òct`dms tìd pms, ig cfpr`s`øg, y li pisti ig ic nmsp`tfc, f dil`lf qui siòf fkmtfglm ic gòdirm li cfs liskrfh`flfs väht`dfs, smg, prih`sfdigti, cms qui gm pulìrmg ris`s

t`r f cfs tmrturfs, fc nfdori y f cfs `ghcidigh`fslic tìdpm, y ig a`g, f hufgtfs hfcfd`lflis `dfk`gfocis, r`glìrmg f L`ms, kigirfcdigti li gmhni, sutròutm.

Cms airmhi s fzmtfdìgtms smori cf pìc v`vf, s`glibfr ug ispfh`m còri5 cf prigsf lic trmghm ig ichipm urukufyfgf, qui f digulm prmluhäf ic l`scm-hfdìgtm lic isp `gf zm 5 cf lisguliz y ic nfd ori,puis fpigfs si ci t`rfof hmdm f pirrm ug pilfh`tmli hfrgi, hufglm gm ug nuism qui rmir, cms pmlirmsms fkigtis lishr`ptms, fhfofrmg pmr fg`qu`cfr fcdæs rmoustm y v`kmrmsm mrkfg`sdm.

Fpfrti li tmlfs istfs tmrturfs, si cis nfhäf lmr-




“ 8:1 “

d`r f hfdpm rfsm y cfs hmgt`gufs nicflfs qui pfri

hi flrili hfyirmg ig cms disis li bug`m f fkmstm`ghcus`vi li fquic föm, prihil`lfs li cf kcfh`fc tidpirfturf gmhturgf, hmgtròuyirmg dæs ia `hfzdigtifòg, pfrf fprisurfr ic lisfstri a`gfc li fquiccmsliskrfh`flms, pfrf quìgis istfof vilflm ic dæs civi kistm li hmdpfs`øg y digms li fckòg smhmrrm.

\mlm isti cubm li hfst`kms orutfcis, ccivflms nfstf ic dæx`dm ixtridm, gm tigäf trikuf g` cäd`tis5si fpc`hfofg tfgtm li läf hmdm li gmhni, s`g rispitfr cmf läfs aist`vms, auisig iccms hmgsfkrflms f cfpftr`f 0 fc huctm ric`k`msm. Dfs hmdm s` auirf ugsfrhfsdm cfgzflm f cf ric`k`øg, ic vìbm aic`gm dfglø hmgstru`r ugf hfp`c cf ig Xfg Airgfglm y qui

rìglm lfr f igtiglir f sus virlukms qui pfrf tmlm rihòäf cf `gsp`rfh`øg li L`ms, nfhäf cf afrsf lihmghurr`r tmlms cms läfs, kufrlfglm ugf pmsturf istul`flf li dfgsiludori y oift`tul. P, s`g idofrkm , ig isi moshurm y tigiormsm fgtrm li su hmrruptm auirm `gtirgm, rukäf cf ighmgflf tidpistfl li

lismcfh`øg y ixtird`g`m li cf pftr`f y li sus dæsprihcfrms n`bms.

Ic `custrflm i `dpfrh`fc n`stmr`flmr, hmrmgic Bmrki \nmdpsmg, ig su c òrm "Kuirrf li c Zfrfkufy" ,tmdm ?=, pæk. 68:, Ouigms F`ris, 6066, fc nfocfr licf supuistf hmgsp`rfh`øg li Xfg Airgfglm y li cms

pflih`dìgtms qui suarìrmg cfs pmoris väht`dfs `gmhigtis, si ixprisf fsä2

"Cms qui gm quiräfg hmgaisfr, irfg ftmrdigtflms hmg ic hipm hmcmdo`fgm (urukufyfgf) 5 duhnmsirfg duirtms hfst`kæglmsicis hmg cfzm5 f mtrms cmsfpfcifofg nfstf qui dmräfg y f duhnms cis df-




“ 8:; “

hnfhfofg cfs d fgms f d frt`ccfzms. Xm ori , tmlfs is

tfs ftrmh`lflis si kufrlfof ic dæs prmauglm s`cigh`m, fugqui tmlm ic duglm sfoäf qui si nfhäfg igkrfgli ishfcf. Cms qui a `kurfofg ig cf c`stf hmdmd uirtms ig cf hærhic, du rìrmg ig cf tmrtu rf m. lihfd`gm li Xfg Airgfglm y Zèysyry, irfg pr`s`mgirms qui si hfgsfofg y qui gm pulìglm siku`rflicfgti (cf dfrhnf irf li hirhf li 6?: d`ccfs),irfg c civflms fc dmgti y ofymgitiflms" .

Ic hmdfglfgti Bufg Kødiz, (dfymr li pcf zf ) ,auà ccivflm f Xfg Airgfglm hmg lms krfglis of

rrfs li kr`ccms y lispuàs li nfoir s`lm tmrturflmhruic i `gnudfgfdigti pmr gm nfoir quir`lm digt`r, si ci likrflø y cuikm si ci aus`cø pmr cf ispfclf, hmgs`liræglmcm hmdm `gafdi trf`lmr f cf pftr`fy f su kmoì rgm . Fs ä pfkfof ic. d fr`shfc Cø pi z ftmlms cms qui hmg cifctfl s`rvìrmg f cf pftr`f hmdm

ic hmdfglfgti Bufg Kødiz.

Igtri cms huftrm qui fdfgihìrmg duirtms ic 69li Buc`m li 6>1>, f hfusf lic l`scmhfdìgtm lic is

p`gfzm y cfhirfh`øg li cfs ispfclfs, pmr iaihtm licnmrrmrmsm hipm y cms fzmtfdìgtms ftrmhis qui nfoäfg suar`lm, si huigtf fc liskrfh`flm Zmc`hfrpmKfrrm.

Ic buiz li 6* `gstfgh`f ig cm hr`d`gfc, Bmsà D fräf Dmgtìc, auà aus`cf lm li ftræs pm r sus imd pf-




] >:>

öirms ig ugf lishuoìrtf qui n`zm ic huirpm f qui

pirtigihäf. Isti irf mtrm li cms prmhil`dìgtms idpciflms pmr ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz pfrf hmg cfs pirsmgfs nmgmrfocis hmdm fquàc.

Ig cf arfkuflf hmgsp`rfh`øg auirmg `ghcu`lms tmlms cms frt`stfs li cf hmdpföäf lrfdæt`hf ispfömcfy tmlms bugtms auirmg fprisflms, igkr`ccflms y rid`t`lms f Xfg Airgfglm. Ofstf sfoir qui nfg s`lmpuistms fc fchfghi li isti s`gìstrm pfrfbi, qui oìgpul`àrfdms ccfdfr ic `gsfh`foci lrfkøg, pfrf quiic cihtmr liluzhf yf ic tirròci a`g qui ispirfof f

istms `gaic`his.\mlms pfsfrmg cfs d`sdfs tmrturfs qui suarìrmg

cms mtrms hmdpföirms li pr`s`øg. Duy prmgtm cfs òchirfs qui cis prmlubirmg cms fzmtis, cfs hmgsihuigh`fs lic hipm li urukufyfgf, cf sil `gtigsf, ic nfdori, cf lisguliz, ic aräm, ith., cms libø f tfc ixtri

dm qui hfs` tmlms quilfrmg hmdpcitfdigti lidfhrflms .

Hmgvirt`lms pmr ic lmcmr ig hmgv`htms y hmgaismsrims, tmlms auirmg aus`cflms ig @tæ-Poftà.

_fdøg Arfghm irf ugm li cms dæs rigmd orflmsfrtäa `his lic Zf rfk uf y, hmdm pcftirm . XfoilmrfD d f. C yg hn li Vuftriafkis, li qui A rfg hm irfpmsiilmr li fckugfs fcnfbfs li krfg ist`dfh`øg, cmdfglø `ghcu`r ig cf hmgsp`rfh`øg y priv`f lihcfrf-




“ 8:0 “

h`øg li trf`lmr f cf pftr`f y f su kmoìrgm pmr cms

hmgsfo`lms dil`ms, auà pfsflm pmr cfs frdfs. \mlmic l`girm y fcnfbfs qui nfoäf bugtflm ig duhnmsföms ftræs, auàrmgci sihuistrflms y igv`flms hmg àcf Xfg Airgfglm.

Xi ci `gt`dø fc liskrfh`flm nmdori f qui lihcfrfsi qui tmlm fquic l`girm kufrlflm cm nfoäf ccivf

lm li cf tismriräf li cf Gfh`øg, pmr mrlig li Oig`kgm Cøpiz. Arfghm burø d`c vihis qui irf afcsfsidibfgti fa`r d fh `øg 5 pirm hmd m nfoäf `gtiràs ighmdprmditir fc nirdfgm lic dfr`shfc, auà fzmtflmpr`dirfdigti y cuikm fprigsflm ig ic hipm uru-kufyfgf, nfstf qui fc òct`dm, fgti ic lmcmr, l`bmtmlm cm qui sus buihis a`shfcis qu`sìrmg. Ig hmgsihuigh`f li istfr hmgv`htm y hmgaism lic lic`tm quisi ci `d pu tfof, ic `gqu `s`lmr d fy mr cm hmgligø fduirti. Ic 0 li fkmstm auà ibihutflm igtri cfshufrigtf y ugf väht`dfs `gmhigtis hmdm àc, qui r`glìrmg su tròutm f L`ms.

Cf Cyghn li Vuftriafkis, hmg dmt`vm li nfoir

v`v`lm ug hìrtm tìdpm ig cf hfsf lic liskrfh`flm_fdøg Arfghm, istfof oìg `gtir`mr`zflf li cf amrtugf y f cnfbfs qui tigäf, sìglm istf d fcnflflfh`rhugstfgh`f hfsufc ic mr`kig li su træk`hf pirl`h`øg.

Ig iaihtm, hufglm ic lispuàs dfr`shfc Cøpiz, `d

pmrtø fc Zfrfkufy f fquiccf dubir, cf nmspilø igcf hfsf li Arfghm, hfcci @glipigligh`f Gfh`mgfcisqu`gf li cf Bust`h`f, nmy Kigirfc Läfz, mhupflfpmr cf Ishuicf Gmrdfc li Dfistrfs. Hmg isti dmt`vm, cf Cyghn li Vuftriafkis, tuvm cf mpmrtug`lflli hmgmhir ägt`dfdigti fc luiöm li su hfsf, hmdm




“ 86: “

tfdo`àg tmlm hufgtm li fpitihòci pmsiäf, pirm g`

ic rihìgti lispmbm li sus vfc`msms `gtirisis g` ic trftm li fctf l`st`gh`øg qui ig fquiccf àpmhf ci prml`kfof, auirmg sua`hìgtis pfrf fdmrt`kufr ig fckmcf airmh`lfl li fquiccf frpäf.

Xfcvflmr Ihnfg`qui irf nmd ori fhfulfcflm, rispitflm y quir`lm li tmlms. Xu lisfnmkflf pms`h`øgcf nfoäf hmgqu`stflm f hmstf li su nmgrflm y tismgirm trfofbm pirsmgfc5 su aic`z nmkfr cm nfoäf dmlicflm ligtrm li cfs gmrdfs li istfs v`rtulis.

Zirm ishr`tm istfof, qui Xfcvflmr Ihnfg`qui, hm

dm nmdori li amrtugf y dæs qui tmlm, ispfömc ligfh`mgfc`lfl, gm quilfräf ixhcu`lm li cf hmgsp`rfh`øg arfkuflf y ig iaihtm, f a `gis li bug`m li 6>1>,auà ugm li cms pr`dirms hmgluh`lms f cf kufrl`f pmc`h`fc li Cuqui y li fccä pmr airrmhfrr`c f cf Fsugh`øg, igtri mtrms ixtrfgbirms y gfh`mgfcis, hmg lms

pisflfs ofrrfs li kr`ccms. Li fquä, tmlms bugtms,auirmg idofrhflms hmg list`gm f Xfg Airgfglm,pugtm li lmgli frrfghø cf väf hruh`s lic lisvigturflm nmdori.

@gtirrmkflm smori cf hmgsp`rfh`øg, hmgtistø quigflf sfoäf. Xus buihis a`shfcis si ixfspirfrmg fgti

cf vi rlf l li su lihcfrfh`øg , sìglm pmr tfgtm cfhfusf pfrf qui cm dfglfsig fzmtfr oærofrf y hruicdigti, prmvmhfglm ig àc cf ixpucs`øg li krfglishufbfrmgis li sfgkri pmr cf omhf. F pisfr li istm,gm si suspiglìrmg cms tmrdigtms nfstf vmcvir f `gtirrmkfrci smori cm d`sdm.




“ 866 “

Ihnfg`qui hmgtistø2 qui ofbm ic burfdigtm pris

tflm, si rftà`hfof ig su hmgais`øg fgtir`mr.Xi ci fprigsø ig ic hipm urukufyfgf, si ci supr`d`ø cf däsirf hmd`lf y ic fkuf, si ci dfgtuvm liläf y li gmhni f cf `gtidpirì y si ci `gac`k`ø tmlms cms tmrdigtms qui si usø ig Xfg Airgfglm yfòg fsä, ofbm ic `dpucsm li su `gbustm dfrt`r`m, ighmgtrø fcìgtm su tidpci vfrmg`c y smstuvm su a`rdi burfdigtm.

Fgti istf a`rdizf, sus buihis a`shfcis li sfgkri,p`lìrmg y motuvìrmg cf hmgligfh`øg f duirti licliskrfh`flm Xfcvflmr Ohnfg`qui y ic ?? li fkmstmli 6>1>, li tfrli, auà aus`cflm pmr cf ispfclf, igtri cms 8; liskrfh`flms hmdm àc, qui r`glìrmg fL`ms su v`lf ig ic d`sdm dmdigtm.

\ I _ _ @ O C I X I X H I G F X

Bufg Au smg ` y mtrms, qui fpfrihig hmdm afccih`lms li d uirti gftu rfc, ug d md igtm fgtis li siribihutflm, auà f hfusf li cfs nir`lfs qui rihò`ø igcf hmrtf trfyihtmr`f rihmrr`lf lisli su pr`s`øg fcs`t`m lic pftäoucm. Ixpc`hfrà orividigti ic hfsm.

Cms smclflms li arfghm, fc vir cfs l`spms`h`mgis

pric`d`gfris pfrf cf ibihuh`øg, ig ic lisim li fkrflfr sìdpri fc biai lic istflm dfymr lic ibàrh`tm,kigirfc _isquäg, qui cis `gstfof pmr dil`m li sussuofctirgms pfrf isti fhtm, hmrräfg f tmdfr ug pilfzm li nuism, ug pilfzm li krilf iglurih`lf, ristm li t`gf rfbf hmgsud`lf ig cf hmh`gf, ith., y còi-




“ 86? “

km si hmcmhfofg ig a`cf, f ug cflm li cf siglf pmr

lmgli siräf hmgluh`lm ic fbust`h`flm. Hufgtm àstipfsfof pmr licfgti li fquiccms lisfcdflms, cfgzfofg hmgtrf àc, pmr dibmr lih`r, f omhf li bfrrm yhmg tmlf aìrizf, cms lfrlms digh`mgflms, ig dil`mli ugf fckfzfrf `gairgfc, n`rìglm f fckugms y dftfglm f mtrms, hmdm ig cms hfsms h`tflms, ig huyfsmhfs`mgis, cfs nir`lfs auirmg tfg prmauglfs qui hf

yirmg fccä duirtms. Mtrms qui tfdo`àg auirmg nir`lms, pfrt`h`òfrdigti ig cf hfrf y hfoizf, tuvìrmg cf suirti, l`ridms, li sir uct`dflms pmr cfs frdfs fgtis qui pflihir cms iaihtms li fquiccfs cis`mgis, hmdm ic liskrfh`flm Oirgfrlm Mrticcflm, quirihò`ø ig cf hfoizf lms kmcpis li hfrfhò (pilfzm

li aàdur li vfhugm) , qui cm libfrmg ixæg`di y cmibihutfrmg ig isti istflm.

Ic ?1 li fkmstm, fc moshurihir, igtri cf tirhirf

pfrt`lf, auà fsis`gflm pmr cf ispfclf, ig Xfg Airgfglm, ic bmvig Arfgh`shm Lihmul, quìg gm pu -lìglm hfd`gfr pmr su cfst`dmsm istflm, tuvm quisir ccivflm f cf rfstrf pmr lms smclflms nfstf ic s`t`m li cf ibihuh`øg y fccä, fhmstflm omhf fofbm y hmgugf ofrrf li kr`ccms, si hudpc`ø hmg àc cf `gafdi

sigtigh`f. Fquic fhtm sfcvfbi si n`zm tfg prih`p`tflfdigti qui tmlms cms dfsfhrflms ig cf tfrli liisti läf auirmg fofglmgflms f cf vmrfh`lfl li cfsfvis li rfp`öf, pmrqui hmrr`ø cf gmt`h`f li qui icigid`km si ighmgtrfof yf f cf v`stf y qui prmofocidigti isf gmhni `gtigtfräf fckòg ftfqui. Li fnä






“ 86< “

Cf digti lic sfgku`gfr`m dfr`shfc istfof mosi

s`mgflf pmr cf `lif li cfs hmgsp`rfh`mgis, itirgmafgtfsdf li cms t`rfgms y s`tufh`mgis li auirzf, yli iccf si sirväf hmdm frdf afvmr`tf, pfrf hmditircms `gful`tms y nmrrmrmsms ftigtflms hmgtrf cms dæshfrms y sfkrflms lirihnms nudfgms.

Ic hmdfglfgti Hfdpms auà fzmtflm nfstf quilfrsus ispfclfs hmgv irt`lfs ig hfrgi v`v f, gik fgl msìdpri, rmtuglfdigti, cm qui sus virlukms ci `dpmgäfg lihcfrfsi, dibmr l`hnm, cm `kgmrfof tmlm.

Ig isti istflm, Hfdpms pirdfgihäf ig lishfgsm,hmg ugf ofrrf li kr`ccms y ighipflm f cf `gtidpirì, nfstf hurærsici cfs ccfkfs qui ci prmluhäf icfzmtfdìgtm l`fr`m. Cf hurfh`øg hmgs`stäf ig cfvær

sici cfs ccfkfs hmg sfcduirf, prmhil`dìgtm qui, igcms pr`dirms läfs surtäf iaihtm, pirm lispuàs, hmgcfs nir`lfs igccfkflfs, fpigfs h`hftr`zflfs, cfs guivfs orihnfs foìrtfs hmg cms fzmtis, isti fgtälmtmtfg vuckfr`zflm y pmpucfr igtri fquiccms liskrfh`flms, yf irf `dpmtigti ig su morf nudfg`tfr`f.

Hmdpcitfdigti f cf `gtidpirì, si ci tuvm fc `custri pr`s`m gi rm ighip flm ig huf trm istfhfs, lisliqui hfyø nfstf rigl`r ic òct`dm tròutm f cf Gfturfcizf, ic 68 li siptìdori li 6>1>, ig @tæ-Poftà,hmdm fpfrihi ig cf prisigti tfocf li sfgkri.

_ispihtm li D fräf Bisòs Ikusqu`zf, si nf fsikurflm, tfdo`àg f smttm vmhi, qui cf virlflirf hfusfauà mtrf. Ygf vigkfgzf. Ic d`sdm hfsm lic pf` _mdæg, hmg cf fgkic`hfc siömr`tf Lmcmris _ihfcli, hmg






“ 861 “

li fkuf, qui piläf f kr`tms, pfrf hfcdfr s`quìrf

ig su räct`dm dmdigtm cf sil livmrflmrf qui cfftmrdigtfof lisli d uhnms läfs ftræ s. N i fquähmga`rdflm, ugf viz dæs, ic risuctflm lic ml`m quisi hmgh`tfof fcrililmr li tmlms cms `gaic`his ighfusflms ig cf supuistf hmgsp`rfh`øg y pmr dæs qui icgmoci sigt`dìgtm li pìlfl gm si ixt`gkuìsi tmtfcdigti ig cfs fcdfs supir`mris, gflì si ftriväff lidmstrfrcm, sfoìglm ic tirròci a`g qui ci ispirfof, tigìglm qui fnmkfrcm, fugqui hmg lmcmr, igugf fpfrigti `glàirigh`f. Fsä, fquiccms fgkust`msms y liskfrrflmris fyis li cfs lisfdpfrflfs väht`dfs si pirläfg ig ic ispfh`m.

Ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, fc lisfrrmccfr su pcfg li igbu`h`fdìgtm hmgtrf cfs pirsmgfs lihigtis y r`hfs,tfgtm gfh`mgfcis hmdm ixtrfgbirfs, `ghcuyø ig pr`dir cukfr f su nirdfgm Oig`kgm, pfrf fpfrigtfrli prmofr fsä fc ibàrh`tm y fc puiocm gm hmdof

tìgti qui cf ciy si ighmgtrfof nfstf smori st`s dæshfrfs faihh`mgis, hmg ixhcus`øg li su hmd pföirfpmst`zf, si igtìgli.

Oig`kgm Cøpiz auà c civflm li Fsugh`øg f Hiòm y li fquä f Xfg Airgfglm. Ig isti pugtm cmdfglø frristfr pr`dirfdigti, pfrf pmhm lispuàs

riluh`rcm f pr`s`øg y ridfhnfrci lms ofrrfs li kr`ccms, hmg higt`gicf li v`stf. \mlf istf suhis`øg lipigfs fpc`hflfs fc nirdfgm, cf nfhäf rmlifr li fpfrftmsms huflrms pfrf qui prmlubisig cf `dpris`øgli ixtridf krfvi lfl cf hfusf, hu yf ix`stigh`f rifctrftfof li ccivfr fc hmgvigh`dìgtm pòoc`hm.




I X H I G F X D F H F O _ F X

@ghmgt`gigt`, auirmg hmgluh`lms fc s`t`m lis`kgflm pfrf cf ibihuh`øg. Yg auirti p`quiti cis hustml`fof, siku`lm àsti li mtrm dæs gudirmsm fòg. Cuikm vigäfg huftrm sfhirlmtis hpì òfg rizfglm ig

fctf vmz, prihil`lms pmr huftrm smclflms, hmgluhtmris hflf ugm li ug ofgqu`tm, hmdpcitfglm cf dfhforf prmhis`øg mhnm smclflms qui ccivfofg fc nmdorm fzflfs y pfcfs. F ugms h`ghuigtf ditrms liistms òct`dms, dfrhnfof ug picmtøg li hfofcciräf,fc qui sikuäfg tris hfrritmgis frrfstrflms pmr du-cfs, huyms vinähucms irfg cf v`vìglf y hærhic fd

oucfgti li cms nirdfgms Qigfgh`m Cøpiz, @gmhigh`f Cøpiz li Ofrr`ms y _faficf Cøpiz, vùlf li Oilmyf. Istfs òfg ccmrfglm f kr`tms, lisispirflfs, igcf a`rdi hriigh`f li qui tfdo`àg irfg hmgluh`lfs fcsfhrà`h`m, pmr gm nfoirsi lflm huigtf li cf hmgdutfh`øg li cf pigf li duirti. Cf pr`dirf siöm

rf, qui tigäf hmgs`km f su n`b`tf Bufg`tf, li si`sföms li ilfl, y qui gm pirläf li v`stf f su ispmsm,qui òf pmr licfgti, cfgzfof fkulms kr`tms, ccfdfglm`gòt`cdigti f biais y ma`h`fcis pfrf pil`rcis d`sir`hmrl`f pfrf su n`bf 5 g`gkugm hmrrispmgl`ø f tfgfgkust`msm ccfdflm.

F istms tris hfrritmgis qui dfrhnfofg ugm trfsmtrms, sikuäf ug picmtøg li hfofcciräf pmr väf lihustml`f.




“ 86>

E . H F X M L I X F \ Y _ G @ G M O I L M P F

Li igtri cfs làirigtis hmd`s`mgis gmdorflfs pfrf prmhisfr f cms futmris y hødpc`his li cf supuistf hmgsp`rfh`øg, ci tmhø f Oilmyf sir buzkflm pmrcf sikuglf li fquàccfs, `gtikrflf pmr cms tirròcistmgsurflms prisoätirms A`lic Dfäz y Bustm _mdæg,hmdm quilf l`hnm, quìgis lioutfrmg hmg ic liskrfh`flm rim ig ic tr`sti pfpic li `gqu`s`lmris, quiibirhìrmg lic ugm fc mtrm hmgaäg li cf _ipòoc`hf,libfglm bfcmgiflf su cfrkf y sfgkrìgtf trfyihtmr`f hmg cms nuisms li vigirfocis dftrmgfs y hùlflfgms, hmd m li nmgistfs lmg hiccfs y fgkic`hfcis

hr`fturfs.Hmdm irf gfturfc, Oilmyf gm ft`gø f hmdprig

lir cm qui si quiräf li àc, pmrqui si ci nfhäfg prikugtfs smori nihnms qui gughf nfoäfg pfsflm g`ridmtfdigti pmr su `dfk`gfh`øg.

Cms `gqu`s`lmris, idpiöflms ig prmofr f su biai

su- nfo `c`lfl, hmd igzfrmg pm r df glf rcm fzmtfr, nf h`àglmcm lisgulfr nfstf cf h`gturf, hmdm f tmlms.Cuikm si ci vmcv`ø f prikugtfr s` istfof l`spuistmf lihcfrfr cf virlfl, is lih`r, sir hmgv`htm hmdmfutmr lic rmom lic tismrm gfh`mgfc. Oilmyf, `gl`kgflm, prmtistø ugf y d`c vihis hmgtrf sidibfgti

`dpmsturf li sus buihis a`shfcis5 pirm àstms g` s`quìrf si lìrmg pmr igtigl`lms y mrligfrmg guivms fzmtfdìgtms. Fòg fsä, tfdpmhm hmgs`kuìrmgsus `gafdis lisims.

Duhnms läfs siku`lms hmgt`gufrmg igsföæglmsihmg ic lisvigturflm nmdori, nfstf hmg v`sòci ig-






“ 8?: “

li ugm li cms prmhisflms qui lfräf dfymr cuz fhir

hf li cf krfg hmgsp`rfh`øg.Ic igairdm, f pisfr li cms isauirzms 6 lic dàl`hm

Xmcfc`gli, gm pulm ris`st`r dæs y dur`ø fgtis licdil`m läf.

Auà tmrturflm tfg hruic i `gnudfgfdigti, quicf òct`df viz qui ci fpc`hfrmg cf urukufyfgf, ci

l`scmhfrmg cf isp`gf lmrsfc y si ighmgtrfof ig krfvi istflm. Flidæs, pflihäf li l`sigtiräf li hfræhtir dfc`kgm, cf qui ræp`lfdigti ci rilubm f ugfkulm istflm li ftmgäf kigirfc, qui hmg cf pr`vfh`øg li fc`digtm, fhicirø ic lisigcfhi qui oushfof.

Istms `gamrdis si cms liom fc siömr H`r`cm Xmcfc`gli y cms fgtir`mris fc siömr Ouigfvigturf Omrløg, ix biai pmcät`hm li Q`ccfr`hf, qui fhtuø igXfg Airgfglm, pr`dirfdigti hmdm sfrkigtm ighfrkflm lic fzmtfdìgtm y cf fpc`hfh`øg li cf urukufyfgf fc liskrfh`flm Oilmyf, nfoìglm s`lm tfdo`àg àc fzmtflm dæs tfrli pmr nfoirsi hmgluh`lmhmg ricft`vf omglfl hmg ic mo`spm Zfcfh`ms y mtrms.

Cf dfymr pfrti li istfs riairigh`fs nfg s`lm hmga`rdflfs pmr cf siömrf _faficf Cøpiz vùlf li Oilmyf, qui ig pfrti prisigh`ø, y ic tmlm si cm ria`r`ø ic siömr Flmcam Xfkuìr, ic hmrmgic Dfguic F.D fiìc y d uhnm s mtrms" li sus fd `kms qui prisi gh`frmg hufgtm quilf riair`lm.

Cf d`sdf siömrf huigtf qui lispuàs li hmdigzflf cf kuirrf, ic dfr`shfc, nirdfgm suym, dfgløccfd fr u g läf f su ispmsm -y ci mrl igø qui p ri pf rfsi ig hfbmgh`tms, hmg cf dfymr risirvf, lms d`cqu`gìgtfs mgzfs li mrm y lìz d`c pftfhmgis ig dmgilfs li Hfrcms @Q, pfrf sir `gvirt`lms ig Iurmpf




ig cf hmdprf li frdfdigtms, qui nfoäf risuictm fl

qu`r`r5 y qui ig priv`s`øg li ug pmsòci dfgmtøgli cms igid`kms ig ic hursm lic v`fbi, dfglfsi ishrò`r f t`gtf smori hflf hfbøg, dflfdf Cyghn.

Cms hfbmgis auirmg idofrhflms ig cf hfömgirfarfghisf li kuirrf "Lis`lii" y auirmg l`rihtfdigti f igkrmsfr cfs mtrfs ridisfs nihnfs yf fgtir`mrdigti pmr cf d`sdf, li cms l`girms li cf tismriräf li cf Gfh`øg.

Hmdm qui Oilmyf si lìsi huigtf li cf rispmgsfo`c`lfl lic rmom fc tismrm li cf Gfh`øg hmdit`lmpmr su huöflm y qui àsti quiräf fhnfhfrci, sm pritixtm li ccivfr flicfgti cms pcfgis li cf supuistfkrfg hmgsp`rfh`øg, pria`r`ø ic su`h`l`m f cfs suhi

s`vfs tmrturfs y dæs qui tmlm, fgtis li virsi ixpuistm f cf fhh`øg li cms `gtigsms lmcmris, f lihcfrfrsi hucpfoci li tfg v`tupirfoci lic`tm, lfglm fsäcukfr f qui ic `gafdi `dpmstmr hmgs`kuìsi su digkuflm prmpøs`tm, hmdm is ic li bustà `hfrsi, libfglm omrrflfs, pmr cm tfgtm, cfs nuiccfs li cf hufg

t`msf liarfulfh`øg hmgsudflf pmr àc ig oigia`h`mli su `lmcftrflf dfghiof, ig huym mosiqu`m gm ci`dpmrtfof frrmstrfr cf ist`kdft`zfi`øg pòoc`hf, g`rispitfof cms sfkrflms `gtirisis li cf pftr`f, g` cipisfof trmghnfr v`mcigtf y hfchucflfdigti cf v`lfli `gs`kgis y cifcis sirv`lmris li cf Gfh`øg, g` si

fvirkmgzfof pfrf rmdpir cms väghucms dæs hfrms lifd`stfl y li afd`c`f. Ig ugf pfcforf, auà ug virlflirm futødftf, fc sirv`h`m l`shrih`mgfc li su flòctirf hmdpföirf.




I C X Y Z C @H @ M L I H F _ _ I _ F X

Cms pf`his Dfäz y _mdæg, qui auirmg sus buihisa`shfcis, gm fhiptfrmg cf hmgtistfh`øg lflf y ighfst`km li nfoir gikflm cf virlfl, fc lih`r li iccms,ci dfglfrmg fpc`hfr ug airmz fzmtfdìgtm5 y , hmdmic liskrfh`flm nmdori `gs`stìrf ig sus rispuistfsfgtir`mris, cm dfglfrmg fprigsfr hmg cf urukuf-yfgf, `gt`dæglmci, istfglm ig iccf, qui gm siräf sfhflm s` gm hmgaisfsi li fhuirlm hmg cfs prikugtfslic `gtirrmkftmr`m qui si ci nfoäf nihnm. Zmhm rftm lispuàs lisdfyø y cm hmg lu birmg f cf pr `s`øg.

Ic lmhtmr li cfs Hfrrirfs auà tmrturflm hmg fzmtis, hipm urukufyfgf, nfdori, sil y tig`lm sìdpri f cf `gtidpirì, li läf y li gmhni5 fòg fsä,sìdpri si dfgtuvm a`rdi fc burfdigtm li lih`r cfvirlfl. Igtmghis, ic pfä Dfäz, vìglm qui su väht`df `gmhigti irf nmdori qui dmr`räf fgtis li

fpfrtfrsi li cf virlfl, cm dfglø tmdfr hmg lmssmclflms y hmg ug dfrt`ccm ci dfhnfhø tmlms cmslilms li cf dfgm lirihnf, l`h `àg lm ci2 ' ' Zf rf quigm puilfs hmdug`hfr f tu pfäs gflf li cm qui si tinf nihnm ig ic Zfrfkufy" .

¡L`ms däm, quà nmrrmr, fc smcm rihmrlfrcm

Ig cf väf hruh`s li Q`ccitf f @oæ-Poftà, li cfspmoris väht `dfs li Xfg Airgfglm, qui hfyàglmsiy civfgtæglmsi hfd`gfofg fzuzflms pmr cf ofymgitf y ic tirròci ys`pø ( bughm) , ic liskrfh`flm lmhtmr li cfs Hfrrirfs, hmg sus nir`lfs ig cfs ispfclfs yig cms lilms li cfs dfgms, y hmg ugf ixtridf hmgsug-




“ 8?8 “

h`øg, si ighmgtrfof ig ic gòdirm li fquàccfs, pi

rm ccikø ug dmdigtm ig qui ic lmcmr y ic fkmtfdìgtm li sus auirzfs cm tigl`ø ig ic suicm s`g pmlir dmvirsi dæs. Fc vircm, sus hmdpföirms ispirfrmg qui `gdil`ftfdigti siräf ofymgitiflm pmr cmssmclflms, hmdm vigäfg nfhìglm hmg cms mtrms quinfoäfg hfälm hmdm àc.

" . . . pirm li cfs Hfrrirfs, hmg su dfcf suirti, hmgt`gòf Dfstirdfg, pæk. ?<;, hruzfof cms dmgtih`tmsf trmpizmgis y si hfäf f hflf dmdigtm, hmrtæglmsinmrròcidigti cf hfrf y cfs dfgms, nfstf qui pmròct`dm ic ma`h`fc, hfgsflm li pikfrci, mrligø f lmssmclflms qui cm tmdfrfg pmr cms orfzms y cm frrfstrfrfg v`mcigtfdigti ic ristm lic hfd`gm".

Lms läfs lispuàs li cf ccikflf li tmlfs cfs `gmhigtis väht`dfs f @tæ-@oftà, ic lmhtmr li cfs Hfrrirfs auà smdit`lm f guivfs lihcfrfh`mgis y fgti cfsfdigfzfs lic tirròci pfä Dfäz, li tr`turfrci cms lilms li cf mtrf dfgm, gm si n`zm ispirfr ug sikuglmdæs y hmgtistø qui ishròìsig hufgtm qu`sìrfg.

Hmg istf dfgàistfh`øg tird`gø ic `gtirrmkftmr`m,quilfglm li huigtf li cms dfcms d`g`strms lic Xiömr, ishrò`r tmlm hufgtm qu`sìsig, hmdm ig rifc`lfl cm ishròìrmg.

Ig ic krfg prmhism li Xfg Airgfglm, qui lispuàs li cf kuirrf ic pris`ligti H`r`cm F. _`vfrmcf

n`zm pfsfr pmr cfs dfgms li cms d`g`strms y kigirfcis fc`flms, f dæs li cms siömris qui fhtufrmg igtmghis, `ghcusm ic futmr, fpfrihi tmlf igsfgkrigtflf cf nmbf lmgli si ighuigtrf cf lihcfrfh`øg liclmhtmr li cfs Hfrrirfs, f quìg, pfrf sushrò`rcf,ic pfä _mdæg ci tmdø li cf dfgm y ci n`zm trfzfr




- 8?< “

ugms kfrfoftms f ku`sf li a`rdf pirm qui risuctø

`cikòci pmr cfs dfghnfs ixprisflfs li sfgkri quicf huoräfg.

X @ D Y C F H _ M X L I H M G X I B M

"\mlms cms rims, huyfs lihcfrfh`mgis nfoäfg tird`gflm, auirmg smdit`lms f ugf ispihì li hmgsibmli kuirrf pris`l`lm pmr ic hmrmgic \mcilm.

" P l`km ugf ispihì, pmrq ui si l`st`gku`ø yor`ccø pmr cf s`gkucfr`lfl li qui cms rims gm tuvìrfg liaigsmris, g` si cis pird`t`ø qui n`hìrfg iccmssu liaigsf, h`rhugstfgh`f pmr hìrtm ofstfgti s`kg`

a`hft`vf, s` si tìgi ig huigtf qui sus l`spms`h`mgis lishfgsfofg smori ofsi li frigf dmvil`zf.

"Cfs `rrikucfr`lflis mosirvflfs pmr ic prmhil`dìgtm li cms prmhisms nfg prmluh`lm su gfturfciaihtm, istfocihìglm cf lulf ig ic æg`dm li duhnms fhirhf li cf virlflirf ix`stigh`f li cf hmgsp`

rfh`øg y nfy quìgis, hmg rfh`mgfcis auglfdigtms,fa`rdfg qui iccf nf s`lm morf li cf `dfk`gfh`øg yli cf vigkfgzf.

" I s `ggikfoci qui tmlfs cfs lihcfrfh`mgis nfgs`lm frrfghflfs pmr cf auirzf, dil`fgti cf fpc`hfh`øg li cf oærofrf y hruic tmrturf, huym dil`m `g

lfkftmr`m istæ hmdpcitfdigti listirrflm li cf cik`scfh`øg y præht`hf li tmlms cms kmoìrgms h`v`c`zflms . O f bm isti hmghiptm , fquiccms prm his ms, gmpuilig dirihir ai, y hmdm lmhudigtms n`stør`hmsflmcihig li ugf guc`lfl fosmcutf, tfgtm dæs hufgtm qui ig iccm, sikòg di nfg fsikurflm pirsmgfs




oìg `gamrdflfs, gm si nf nihnm hmgstfr cf dfgirf

hødm auirmg trftflms cms prmhisflms. ¡Mn, fquàccmauà ug sf rhf sd m "

_mlr`kuis Cfrritf, f sidibfgzf li cf krfg d fymräf, si ris`st `ø pm r ug t ìdpm f dig t`r y f hf

cudg`fr `gmhigtis, pirm fc a `g auà vigh`lm pmr cmsfzmtis, cf prigsf li cf urukufyfgf, ic nfdori, cfsil, ic hipm pirdfgigti ig cms pìs, ig cf hmdpcitf `gtid pirì, ith , y lihcfrø cm qui sus buihi s a `shfcis ci `dpusìrmg lihcfrfsi, igtri mtrfs hmsfs, icli nfoir a `rdflm cf hmgsfo`lf fhtf ig Xft`gfris5qui Dr. "[fsnourg irf ic biai li cf hmgsp`rfh`øgy qui àc irf ugm li cms hødpc`his, igtri cms mtrmstfgtms, hmdm cm irf ic lmhtmr li cfs Hfrrirfs y lidæs hmd pftr`mtfs qui v `v äf g . ig ic pfäs.

Hmgv`htm y hmgaism lic ftrmz hr`dig li ftigtfrhmgtrf cf pftr`f y su kmoìrgm, auà hmgligflm fduirti y ic ?? li fkmstm li 6>1> auà aus`cflm pmr

cf ispfclf ig Xfg Airgfglm, fc cflm lic hfofccirmFglràs Yrlfp`ccitf, igtri cf pr`dirf pfrt`lf licms <> sfhrà`hflms isi läf, pmr cf d`sdf supuistfhfusf li hmgsp`rfh`øg.

Ic v`hihøgsuc li Zmrtukfc, siömr Qfshmghiccms,nirdfgm li Hægl`lm F. Qfshmghiccms, auà `ghcu`lmig cf hmgsp`rfh`øg fc pfr qui àsti y lispuàs li nfoàrsici moc`kflm f hfcudg`fr f hfs` tmlf cf nudfg`lfl pmr dil`m li nmrrmrmsms tmrdigtms qui si ci




“ 8?1 “

`ga c `kìrmg, tird`gø pmr digt`r , hmgaisfglm su pfr

t`h`pfh`øg, cf li su liskrfh`flm nirdfgm y cf liD r. [ fs no ur g. I g hmgsihuigh`f, auà aus`cflm igXfg Airgfglm, pmr cf ispfclf, ic ?1 li fkmstm li6>1>, igtri cf sikuglf pfrt`lf li cfs 6; väht`dfs`gmhigtis qui tfdo`àg auirmg `gdmcflfs isi d`sdmläf.

X`døg A`lfgzf, li gfh`mg fc`lfl `tfc`fgm, pfl rilic l`st `gku`lm lmhtmr Ilufrlm A`lfgzf, rihìgtidigti afccih`lm ig Ouigms F`ris. Hfs` fc hmdìgzmli cf kuirrf lic 1<, X`døg A`lfgzf vigl`ø fc km

o ìrgm lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz ic vfpmr "Xfctm" , lichufc auà su luiöm y hfp`tæg. Cf vigtf si rifc`zø fhmgl`h`øg li pfkfrsi cf d`tfl lic `dpmrti ig iaiht`vm y cf mtrf ig yirof, pirm søcm rihò`ø cf pr`d irf .

@ghcu`lm A`lfgzf ig cf supuistf krfg hmgsp`rf

h`øg li Xfg Airgfglm, hmdm ugm li cms mghi hmgsp`rflmris qui a `rdfrmg ic lmhudigtm li dfrrfs,auà sfquiflm li tmlm ic l`girm qui tigäf y cuikmrid`t`lm f fquic hfdpfdigtm, ig lmgli auà tmrturflm orutfcdigti, fc pfr li tmlms cms qui tuvìrmgcf liskrfh`f li hfir ig fquiccf trfdf, qui gm tì

gi `kufc ig cms afstms li cf n`stmr`f.A`lfgzf, hmg sir ug nmdori auirti, gm pulm ris`st`r y tuvm qui digt`r, ugf y d`c vihis, hmgaisfglm tmlm cm qui sus buihis a`shfcis ci `dpusìrmg ypmr hmgsihuigh`f li sus lihcfrfh`mgis tird`gø susläfs ig @tæ-Poftà, ic ?6 li l`hìdori li 6>1>, ig-




“ 8?; “

tri cms 6? liskrfh`flms qui auirmg `gdmcflms ig cf

dföfgf li fquic läf.

Hfälm Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, hfyø Oig`kgm Cøpiz ysuhis`vfdigti Bmsà Oirkàs y mtrms d æs . Z frf cf

pr`s`øg li isti òct`dm, ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz ci n`zmug ccfdflm ticikræa`hm lisli su hfdpfdigtm liXfg Airgfglm.

Ccikflm qui auà, si ci ridfhnø lms ofrrfs li kr`ccms y hmg lms higt`gicfs li v`stf si ci fcmbø ig ugfhnmzf li pfbf civfgtflf hmg huftrm istfhfs y trispfrilis li huirm, pmr huym cflm còri, lms kufrl`fgis ci v`k`cfofg.

\mlf istf sirì li dfrt`r`ms auirmg rmliflfs hfchucflfdigti hmg fpfrftmsms huflrms, hmgamrdi sin`zm hmg ic liskrfh`flm Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, li dfgirf qui prmlubisi f tmlm ic ibàrh`tm cf `dpris`øgli sudf krfvilfl li cf hfusf qui dmt`vfof cf pr`

s`øg lic `custri augh`mgfr`m. P pfrf `gluh`r dæsfòg f qui si hrif li qui sus rismcuh`mgis istfofgofsflfs ig cf bust`h`f, cfgzø ic d`sdm läf li cf rihcus`øg ic s`kuìgti lihritm, qui auà `dprism ig nmbf suictf y ripfrt`lm prmausfdigti ig tmlm ic ibàrh`tm 2

" I c dfr`shfc , Zris`ligti li cf _i pòo c`hf y kigirfc ig biai li sus ibàrh`tms.

"Nfo`àglmsi fhusflm li fctf trf`h`øg f cf pftr`f, li `gtic`kigh`f hmg ic igid`km, fc d`g`strm li_icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris, Bmsà Oirkàs, y lioìglm rispmglir ig bust`h`f.




“ 8?> “

L I H _ I \ F 2

"Frtähucm òg`hm. “ List`tuyfsi lic D`g`stir`mli _icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris fc hùlflfgm Bmsà Oirkàs.

"Hufrtic K-igirfc li Xfg Airgfglm, buc`m 6<li 6>1>.

Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz.

Ic sihritfr`m kigirfc li hfdpföf.DÄX Hfd`gms.

Oirkàs auà igtrikflm f cf tirrmräa `hf hmd`s`øg`gtikrflf pmr cms pfähis Dfäz y _mdæg, quìgisauirmg lis`kgflms ixprisfdigti pfrf igtiglir ig

cfs hfusfs ftròu`lfs f cms dæs `custris hùlflfgmsli cf _ipòoc`hf, hmdm Oirkàs, ith. , y smditircms fcms dæs ria`gflms dfrt`r`ms, s`g qui sus fhtms' lìsig cukfr pfrf dfymr higsurf pòoc`hf, ig v`rtulli sir ibihutflms pmr cms riprisigtfgtis li L`msig cf tìrrf, puis ofbm ic hmghiptm ric`k`msm, gm si

räf hriäoci qui, s`g dil`fr hfusf bustà`hflf li sudf krfvilfl, pulìsig mrligfr tfg ftrmhis tmrdigtms, tigìglm ig huigtf su gmoci fpmstmcflm.

Cf liskrfh`flf väht`df `gmhigti auà `gtirrmkflfpr`dirfdigti smori ic lmhudigtm sushr`tm pmr cmsmghi ig Xfc`gfris, qui gikø rmtuglfdigti su ix`s

tigh`f, hmdm irf hmgs`kuìgti, lisli qui bfdæs sisushrò`ø. A u à df rt`r`zflm hmg fzmtis, fprigsflmhmg ic hipm li cf urukufyfgf, pmr ripit`lfs vihis,nfstf qui fc òct`dm, fgti ic lmcmr qui ixpir`digtø , hil`ø f tmlm cm qui sus buihis a`shfcis tmgsurflms ci `dpusìrmg, sikòg ugms y sikòg mtrms, auà fc




“ 8?0 “

pftäoucm gikfglm rmtuglfdigti tmlfs cfs digt`rfs

qui ofbm cf fhh`øg lic supc`h`m qu`sìrmg qui lihcfrfsi hmdm viräl`hfs.

Dfstirdfg, qui cm hmgmh`ø li hirhf f isti krfghùlflfgm, ria`r`àglmsi f su liskrfh`flf suirti, hmdm väht`df `gmhigti lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, l`hi2

" . . . y li mtrf hnmzf sfc`ø ug vìbm afgtfsdf li

nmd ori, qui rihm gm hä fpi gf s5 irf ic d `g`strm li_icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris, lmg Bmsà Oirkàs. Xi fpmyfof lào`cdigti ig ug pfcm y irf siku`lm pmr su suhismr, lmg Kudirs`glm Oigätiz, qui òf lishuoìrtm, lishfczm y igkr`c cflm."

P fc lish rò`r isti d`sdm nmg mrfoci tist`km cfhfrg`hiräf nudfgf ccivflf f hfom hmg cms liskrfh`flms qui nfoäfg hfälm ig cfs kfrrfs lic dfr`shfcCøpiz, l `h i2 5

"Fckugfs vihis, s`g idofrkm, ic lrfdf hmgs`stäfig ugf v`s`tf, hmrtf m cfrkf, sikòg ic hfsm, fc rfghnm s`tuflm lic mtrm cflm li cms gfrfgbms. Fccä òfgtmlms cms läfs ugm qui mtrm li d`s hmdpföirms5 ic

a cfhm y lishfrgflm lmg Bmsà Oirkàs y lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz irfg hmgluh`lms f digulm f fquic pugtm.

" Y g läf v` fc pr`d irm frrml`ccflm f cms pìs licdfymr Hfd`gms. Fccä istfof ig dil`m li cf ccmv`zgfic d`g`strm li lmhi föms y ighfrkflm li ugf d`s`øg ispih`fc ig @gkcftirrf y Istflms Yg`lms, `d

pcmrfglm, f cf vibiz, hmg sus dfgms bugtfs y tràducfs, cf pìlfl li ug smclflm orutfc, qui lms fömsfgtis, smcfdigti si ci nfo räf fhirhflm täd`lfd igtihmg ic smdorirm ig cf dfgm. Gflf ci vfc`ø istm, g`sus cfrkfs y ishfsfs hfgfs qui acmtfofg nòdilfsy igrilflfs fc hfpr`hnm lic vìgtm.




“ 88: “

C F A F D @ C @ F L I C D F _ @ X H F C

Cms nihnms qui pmstir`mrdigti auirmg suhil`àg-lmsi pruiofg nfstf cf iv`ligh`f qui ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz cm qui oushø auà cf `ghcus`øg li sus nirdfgmsy dflri ig tmlfs cfs supuistfs hmgsp`rfh`mgis, ofbm cf `gtigh`øg prilmd`gfgti li lisnirilfrcms ci

kät`dfdigti, ig hfsm li qui ccikfsi f dmr`r, pmrdfgirf qui gm ighmgtrfsi g`gkòg `ghmgvigìgti suquir`lf y sus n`bms, f quìgis flmrfof hmg arigisä.Vuiräf rikfcfrcis cm suym y nfstf cm qui irf li cikät`dm y sfkrflm pftr`dmg`m gfh`mgfc, hmdm lispuàscm n`zm.

Ig sikuglm cukfr, dflfdf Cyghn li Vuftriafkis oushfof fpmlirfrsi li cfs r`hfs fcnfbfs qui tigäfg cms nirdfgms li su fdfgti, y søcm hmdpc`hæglmcms f àstms y f cf prmp`f dflri li iccms, ic hfd`gm si ci prisigtfof oìg tr`ccflm, hmdm ig iaihtmfsä pfsø, pristæglmsi ic dfcvflm n`bm pfrf qui suprmp`f y fgh`fgf dflri auisi sfquiflf hirhf li

Hirrm Hmrf, nfstf li cm pmhm qui òf sfcvfglm licgfuarfk `m .

Qigfgh`f Cøpiz hmdm sus nirdfgfs @gmhigh`f y_faficf Cøpiz, qui si vìrmg moc`kflfs f digt`r,hmdm d`gtìrmg d`c vihis, fgti cms dfrt`r`ms, auirmg hmgligflfs f duirti y hmgdutflfs hmdm libf

dms l`hnm.Zmr istf sigtigh`f quilfof rifc`zflm ic prmpøs`tm

lic nirdfgm Hfäg y li su pirvirsf hmghuo`gf.Fnmrf, pfrf ccivfr flicfgti ic lispmbm prmyihtf

lm li sus oìgis, si dfglø qui cf d`sdf sigtigh`fl` bisi2




“ 886 “

"Lihcfrfdms tfdo`àg qui cms oìgis, li hufc

quìr gfturfcizf qui sifg, pirtigihìgtis f cms trisrims pigflms, Qigfgh`m, @gmhigh`f y _faficf Cøpiz,quilfg krfvflms amrdfcdigti pfrf cf sft`safhh`øgqui ig bust`h`f cis tmqui nfhir f su tìdpm, sikògcm qui òct`dfdigti risuctfsi cäqu`lm hmgtrf iccms,yf qui si cis nf hmgdutflm cf pigf mrl`gfr`f, y igistf hmgs`lirfh`øg gm smg flbul`hflms l`hnms susoìgis lic tmlm fc a`s hm , lioìg lm nfhirsi sfoiristf rismcuh`øg f quìgis hmgvigkf pfrf cms iaihtmshmgs`kuìgtis. ' '

N fy qui libf r hmgstfgh`f qui f d il`lf quihflf ugm li cms nirdfgms Cøpiz auirmg fprisflms,tfdo`àg ci auirmg sihuistrflms tmlm ic l`girm fdmgilflm qui tigäfg, fsä hmdm cfs fcnfbfs li cfs siömrfs, fpfrihìglm lispuàs duhnfs li àstfs ig ic`gvigtfr`m li cms oìgis lihcfrflms hmdm suyms pmrdflfdf C yg hn li Vu ftriafkis, hufglm àstf auàtrfälf li Hirrm Hmrf, lispuàs li cf tird`gfh`øgli cf kuirrf.

Hufglm ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz si ighmgtrø ig cfs hmrl`ccirfs, hmgs`lirø ccikflm ic dmdigtm prmp`h`m litfgtm tìdpm fhfr`h`flm, li lisfrrmccfr ic pcfg liic`d`gfh`øg li su fgh`fgf dflri y nirdfgfs ris

tfgtis, ig huym hfsm, lispuàs li su duirti, su ofstfrlf hmdpföirf, dflfdf Cyghn li Vuftriafkisy sus n`bms, gm tiglräfg g`gkòg istmrom pfrf sirlihcfrflms òg`hms y ug`virsfcis nirilirms li cfhufgt`msf amrtugf fdfsflf hmg cfs cækr`dfs y cfsfgkri li sus väht`dfs. F isti iaihtm, cm hmd`s`m-




“ 88? “

gø fc hmrmgic Fvi`rm, pfrf qui lìsi hudpc`dìgtm

fc giafstm y tigiormsm pcfg. Isti hmgs`stäf ig icsmhmrr`lm ixpilìgti li cfs hmgsp`rfh`mgis. Gflfdæs sigh`ccm, igtmghis, qui arfkufr ugf ispih`fc ysu`-kàgir`s, flfptfoci fc sixm y rfgkm li fquàccfsy hmdm url `lf pm r cfs' d `sdfs, ig amrd f smcfpflfhmgtrf cf v`lf lic ix`d`m dfr`shfc.

Fvi`rm, rispmglìglm f cf hmgs`kgf qui ci l`m icbiai supridm, pr`dirm sfquiø f cf pmori siömrf,vùlf y dflri, li cfs mgzfs li mrm qui òf sfcvfglmlic gfuarfk`m, fsä hmdm li sus fcnfbfs y rmpfs5 cuikm cf smdit`ø f ug `gtirrmkftmr`m hfph`msm, fc quihmgtistø gikft`vfdigti, pmr gm afctfr f cf virlfl.Xu virlukm lisigvf`gø igtmghis su ispflf y cffhfr`h`ø hmg h`ghm h`gtfrfzms lishfrk flms hmg tmlfaìrizf. Zfrf istm, l`spusm qui priv`fdigti ci auirfg ftflfs cfs dfgms y lisgulflf nfstf cf h`gturf, fhtms `ghfcà`hfocis qui si ibihutfrmg ig dil`mli quib`lms cfst`dirms y ixpcms`mgis li fkulms cfdigtms li cf pmori fgh`fgf, huyms ihms ccikfrmg f

mälms li su liprfvflm n`bm, ic dfr`shfc, y f tmlmic hufrtic kigirfc.

¡Nmrrmr`zf i `gl`kgf ic smcm rihuirlmIc `gispirflm ftfqui li cfs auirzfs orfs`ciöfs fc

hfdpfdigtm li Hirrm Hmrf, ic 6= li dfrzm li 6>;:,sfcvø f fquiccf lisvigturflf dflri li cf duirti

f qui bugtfdigti hmg sus lms n`bfs istfofg hmgligflfs pmr su n`bm pr`dmkàg`tm, ic dfr`shfc y Zris`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf, Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz.




I C L I X Z M B M

"Q`gm cf kuirrf y fquic dmgstrum si igtrikø fcf dæs lisigarigflf `g`qu`lfl. Cuikm si hmgvigh`ø lic `rrid`sòci arfhfsm li su lishfoiccflf idprisf y hmdigzø pmr vfh`fr tmlf cf ix`stigh`f li

cfs frhfs lic Istflm5 pirm, tidìglm cfs hmgsihuigh`fs hmgs`kuìgtis, hufglm tuvìsi qui ou`r lic pfäs,hmdm sìdpri auà su prmpøs`tm, hmghò`ø y fc`digtøcf `lif li lfr amrdf y ix`stigh`f prmp`f f cf afdmsf hmgsp`rfh`øg, hmg ic a`g li lispmbfr tfdo`àg fcms supuistms hmdpc`hflms li sus oìgis y hfulfcis

hmg quà igkrmsfr cm qui nfoäf rmoflm y igv`flmf Iurmpf, f gmdori li su `gsipfrfoci hmdpföirf. ' '







Y G F H F _ \ F A F D M X F

Lic pfä A`lic D fäz smori Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f

Frrmyms y Istirms, sitìdori ; li 60:;.

Xiömr D . Zàriz D frtägizQ`ccfrìf.

Li d` fprih`m 2

Hmg fckòg ritfrlm di nf ccikflm su ist`dfocihfrtf tfrbitf, li aihnf ?: li pplm. fkmstm.

Ig i ccf di l `hi Q l . 2 "F pr ig l ` lm " N m bf s liD f y m " , d`s g`öms d i p`lig ug lrfd`tf smoriZfghnf Kfrdigl`f. Zfrf sft`safhircis di afctfg c`

orms y ixpirìgh`f5 pirm tigkm ic t`gm li l`r`k`rdif su hfsf, y ci ruikm di nfkf ic oìg li prmpmrh`mgfrdi tmlms cms lftms smori cf v`lf y træk`hfduirti li cf dært`r lic nmgmr. Lisifräf sfoir, smori tmlm, s` cf Cyghn, gm tuvm pfrt`h`pfh`øg ig isti lrfdf, y s` cf nirdmsf Zfghnf tigäf fckòg pritiglìgti, hmdm is li prisud`r' ' .

Qmy f ccigfr su lisim, gm sà s` sft`safhtmr`fdigti,pmrqui tfdo`àg f dä di afctfg còrms. Xøcm tigkmcf ixpirìgh`f li cms lftms pil`lms, dil`fgti cfv`lf mhtmkigfr`f, qui frrfstrflm di ccivf.

Ic tìdpm hìrtfdigti nf nihnm qui pulìsi ymnfoir hmgmh`lm pirsmgfcdigti f cf Zfghnf, lisli




“ 8 8 K “

cms pr`dirms fcomris li su ilfl buvig`c, y di nf

hmcmhflm tfdo`àg ig s`tufh`øg li lipcmrfr cms òct`dms fh`fkms trfghis li su liskrfh`flf ix`stigh`f.Zfghnf K-frdigl`f nf s`lm n`bf li pflri ispf

ömc y dflri pfrfkufyf.Xu hugf hmdm su sipuchrm, su pföfc hmdm su dmr

tfbf, nfg s`lm li cækr`dfs, lmcmr y cutm. Fdomspmcms li su v`lf“su igtrflf y sfc`lf lic duglm“nfg istflm ig dfgms li cms lms dæs krfglis yhruicis t`rfgms qui nf tig`lm ic Zfrfkufy“ic l`htflmr Arfgh`f y ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz.

Ic pr`dirm li iccms nfoäf `dpuistm ugf auirtiductf fc pflri li cf Zfghnf pfrf ic pirigtmr`mpcfzm li ?< nmrfs. Cf dflri, nihnf cf Lmcmrmsf lic

hfcvfr`m, rihmrr`ø hfccis, rm kø , ccmrø li pui rtf igp u i r t f . . . 5 y su t ìrgf Zfg hnf hmg iccf , ægkic licf lismcfh`øg, `dpr`däf f fquic huflrm li lmcmr icamglm dæs liskfrrflmr li cf lisispirfh`øg, pfrfrihmkir, fgtis qui ic øomcm lic rishfti, ic yirtm hflævir lic ispmsm y lic pflri, trfspfsflm li of

c f s . . .Gm tfrlø duhnm pfrf qui cf Zfghnf quilfsi

nuàrafgf tfdo`àg li dflri5 àstf gm pulm digmsqui suhudo`r ofbm cms kmcpis, pmr lidæs hrulms yprmauglms li fdfrkuäs`df liskrfh`f.

Ni fquä su hugf, ugm li cms pmcms, li su v`lf5

su sipuchrm, ic mtrm li cms pmcms, ci ispirfof, fc trfvàs li mhnm custrms, ig cms lisìrtms li cfs fctfs sicvfs, fc riacibm aftäl`hm li fhirflfs cfgzfs..].B

Nuàrafgf li pflri y dflri, cf Zfghnf quilø fchu`lflm y iluhfh`øg li cf rispitfoci y l`st`gku`lfafd`c`f li lmg Bmsà lic Ofrr`m (dæs tfrli Of-




“ 88; “

tr`ms) ispfömc, y lmöf Dfguicf Oilmyf, pfrfkuf

yf.F cf duirti lic l`htflmr Arfgh`f, y hufglm lmgHfrcms F . Cø piz aug lø cf fhflid`f c`tirfr`f, ig6><?, d`s pflris di c civfrmg f cf Fsugh`øg pfrf`gkrisfr ig fquic `gst`tutm òg`hm li sikuglf igsiöfgzf5 quilà f hfrkm li d` täm ic prisoätirm hcmgDfrhm F. Df`z, l`rihtmr li cf fhflid`f, lispuàsMo`spm Fux`c`fr lic Zfrfkufy.

A u à igtmghis qui hmgm hä f cf Z f g hn f5 gms ighmgtræofdms hfcci li pmr dil`m, smori cf lic 6< liDfym. Gm puilm prih`sfr su ilfl pirm quìrm hriirqui gm ccivæofdms duhnf làirigh`f5 tiglräf sus68 f 6< föms.

I c hæc`z l i. fqui ccf rmsf hmdigzfof f for`rsi igic pigs`c fsug hiöm. C f Zf ghn f, hrihäf kfccfrl f,lisfrrmccæglmsi ig nirdmsurf. Irf ugf oiclfl, ytfgtm dæs oiccf y ftrfht`vf hufgtm qui su v`rtul,puistf tidprfgfdigti f pruiof, si fhr`smcfof yirf hmdigtflf afvmrfocidigti ig tmlfs cfs isairfs

li cf huctf smhìlfl.

Ic bmvig hmrmgic li kufrlfs gfh`mgfcis Arfgh`shm X. Cøpiz, cuikm or`kflìr kigirfc y òct`dfdig

ti dfr`shfc Zris`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf, ccikø f priglfrsi li cf Zfghnf y arihuigtø sus v`s`tfs f iccf(6><<) .

Lihäfsi qui bfdæs pulm lmocikfr su ris`stigh`f,lisli qui fquiccf smc`h`tul li fdmris gm ccivfofa`gis nmgistms, y cf Zfghnf ist`dfof duy ig du-




“ 88> “

hnm, frròf li tmlm, su rfrf y id`gigti v`rtul li

purizf `gtfgkòci.Mtrms pritiglìgtis gm pulìrmg fhirhærsici pmrigtmghis5 pirm fc a `g, ic or`kflìr Cøpiz, hfdo`øli faihtm pfrf hmg cf Zfghnf5 si n`zm li mtrf quir `lf , y li mtrfs . . . , nfstf lfr hmg cf Cyghn.

Ig tfc istflm cf Zfghnf, gm ci afctø v`s`tfgti5s`g idof rkm, ic nmd ori qui nfoäf arfhfsflm hmgiccf, gm cf pirläf li v`stf, y s`g lulf, qui for`kfof cftigti ug hicm risigt`lm, hufc s` auisi lisf`rflm pmr fquiccf dubir li sus pr`dirms faihtms.

Zuilm digh`mgfr f ugm li cms qui pritiglìrmgnmgistfdigti f cf Zfghnf5 bmvig li l`st`gku`lf afd`c`f, li ofstfgti amrtugf, li ouigf pripfrfh`øg

`g ti ci ht u fc . . . 5 irf lmg Zi lrm Ikusqu`zf , t äm licqui auirf kigirfc lic d`sdm pftrmgäd`hm. Zirm½quà suhil`ø= Lmg Zilrm auà igrmcflm, y fsigtøpcfzf ig cms hufrticis. . . Gflì lispuàs, qui sipfym , si ftriv`ø f v`s`tfr f cf Zfghnf.

Fsä cfs hmsfs, smoriv`gm cf kuirrf hmg cf \r`pci

Fc`fgzf. Lms föms nfhäf yf qui ym istfof prismhmg ugf ofrrf li kr`c cms i `ghmdug`hfoci5 fc pfrdäm si ighmgtrfofg higtigfris mtrms k`dìglm tfdo`àg ig cfs dfzdmrrfs li cf mpris`øg. Ic kigirfcCøpiz `gfukurø su kmoìrgm ccigfglm cms hfcfomzms.

Cf kuirrf sikuäf hflf viz dæs ighfrg`zflf y s`g

trikuf. Ic ibàrh`tm gfh`mgfc si ighmgtrfof yf igZfsm Zfhò, y au` fccä hmgluh`lm. Lio`lm fc ispcàgl`lm trùgam li Hurupfyty, motuvi d` c òirtfl, ypuli siku`r ig flicfgti ic hursm li cf kuirrf nfstf su tird`gfh`øg ig Hirrm Hmrf, lmgli hfä pr`s`mgirm fpigfs sfcvfglm cf v`lf.




“ 880 “

Gm nfy lulf qui istfs rid`g`shigh`fs istæg pmr

lidæs pfrf ic a `g qui ustil pirs`kui5 pirm, iccfsdil`fgti, vmy læglmci cms lftms riairigtis f cf Zfghnf.

Lisli l`hìdori lic 1? ig qui hfä prism, gm cfnfoäf v`stm dæs nfstf qui ig l`hìdori mtrf viz,lic 10, cf ni vuictm f vir.

Igtrfdms ig isti pirämlm.

Fhfdpflm istfof ic ibàrh`tm gfh`mgfc smori icfrrmym @tfgfræ frròf ug pmh m li cf Q `cc f @kft`d ä(\irihfö`), y fccä auà trfälf cf Z fg hn f lisli ugcukfr ccfdflm Ispfläg smori cfs fcturfs li cf v` ccf li X. @s`lrm {Hwu-kufty) 5 ig fquic lisìrtm siighmgtrfofg hmga`gflfs vfr`fs pirsmgfs li cfs afd`c`fs dæs5 ispihtfocis, hfälfs ig liskrfh`f li Cøpiz.

Fcc ä puis {ig @tfgfræ) ni v`stm igtrfr f cf Z fg

hnf5 y gm hisfof li d`rfrcf y hmgtidpcfrcf ofbmic pr`sdf li `lifs, li rihuirlms y li pigsfdìgtms d`c, qui ig fquic dmdigtm `gispirflm si difkmcpfofg v`vms y ig trmpic.

Qmy f riprmluh`r fquä c `kirms lftms qui tigkmhmgs`kgflms smori cf5 ccikflf li cf Zfg hn f ig @tf

gfræ."Irf ugf tfrli sirigf, ic smc òf nugl`àglmsi

ig ic mhfsm, hufglm cf oiccf Kfrdigl`f igtrø igfquic hfdpfdigtm. Qigäf f pì, ig ug huflrm lismclflms frdflms5 tfpflf hmg ug pilfzm li ofyitfrmsflf5 lishfczf, hmg ug c`kirm y kfstflm vist`lm




“ 8<: “

qui fpigfs ofstfof f huor`r ic huirpm5 v`sòcidig

ti ixtiguflf, dfrhn`tf lic tmlm5 pirm, d`sdm fsähmg sus pira`cis li pirikr`gf y ighfgtflmrf nird msurf 5 su hmcmr tmlfväf li hfrd äg, trfgspfrigtæglmsi pmr igtri su hut`s a`gm y li ocfghurf fcfofstr`gf.

"L`m cf hm`gh`ligh`f li ighmgtrfrsi Cøpiz aui

rf li cf hfsf qui nfo`tfof y smori ic hfd`gm quitrfäf cf Zfghnf, pfrf fccä farmgtfrsi hmg iccf. Mtrfhm`gh`ligh`f tfdo`àg, cf li nfccfrdi ym ig isi dmdigtm hmg Cøpiz, pfrf nfoir prisigh`flm fquicighuigtrm li tfg prmauglfs `dpris`mgis pfrf dä5pirm, qui fc fpfrihir, ig gflf hmgdmv`ø g` `gdu

tø f fquic nmdori, li hfræhtir tfg flustm y aräm,dfrdmc`zflm istm`hfdigti.

"Cf Zfghnf gm pulm mhuctfr cf smrprisf qui cihfusø cf prisigh`f li `dprmv`sm li Cøpiz5 puis silituvm, hfs` ritrmhilìglm, fc vircm. Cf pfcmdf s`gn`àc, gm sigt`räf pfcp`tfr hmg dæs fgs`fs su `gmhig

ti hmrfzøg fc ighmgtrfrsi piglìgti li cfs kfrrfslic rfpfz nfchøg, hmdm cf Zfghnf, pulmrmsf v`rkig, fc virsi ofbm cf `gdil`ftf fhh`øg li fquicnmdori, luiöm fccä li su v`lf, y cm qui is dæs, lisu nmgmr y su afdf . . .

"Cøpiz fvfgzf ug pfsm nfh`f cf ixtæt`hf Zfg

hnf, ci tìgli cf dfgm, y hmg duistrfs li fafo`c`lf l, cf `gv `tf f pfsf r f .cf hfsf li su n fo `tfh`ø g.

Pm di rit`rà f d` rfghnm, pirm lispuàs qui v`tfdo`àg f cf Cyghn qui sfcäf f rihò`r f cf Zfghnfhmg duistrfs `kufcdigti li fcikräf5 cf mosiqu`øhmg ugf higf y pmhms dmdigtms lispuàs cf Zfghnf




“ 8<6 “

auà li fccä hmgluh`lf f cf dfymräf lic hufrtic ki

girfc, ig hfc`lfl li prisf i `ghmdug`hfoci.½Vuà nforäf pfsflm igtri iccms= ½Zmr vigturf

cf Zfghnf nfoäf hmdit`lm fckòg hr`dig = . . . Istfs,y l`virsfs mtrfs prikugtfs, d`c hmgbiturfs di nfhäf, hmg ic hmrfzøg fdfrkflm y cfs cækr`dfs ig cmsmbms, fc vir f fquiccf hfgl`lf i `gmhigti dubir väh

t`df li cf dæs gikrf y hruic `gbust`h`fBfdæs nfoäf mälm qui cf Zfghnf auisi fckugfviz higsurflf fc digms li afctf fckugf5 su afdfli nmgist`lfl y rihftm, ic ouig mcmr li su hfstf `gtikr`lfl trfshigläfg ig ic hmghiptm pòoc`hm5 irf`gtfhnfoci ofbm tmlm pugtm li v`stf.

P supuistf cf fg`d flvirs`øg qui hmg trf iccffor`kfof Cøpiz, hmdm prmvigìgti li gm nfoir hmrrispmgl`lm f sus pritigs`mgis fdmrmsfs, ½rispmgläf f istm isf pr`s`øg ig cfs tr`stis lihfligh`fs licf v`lf li cf qui auirf su aistibflf ig cfs r`suiöfsfcomrflfs li cf buvigtul=

Ofbm tfc supms`h`øg, risfctf cf dæs nmrròci y oru

tfc vigkfgzf

"Xmori tmlm, di l`hi ustil, lisifräf sfoir s` cfCyghn tuvm pfrt`h`pfh`øg ig isti lrfdf". \mhfdms isti pugtm, ig qui làäh`c is lisc`glfr cf ris

pmgsfo`c`lfl li cms fhtmris.Xi nf ftròu`lm hìrtfdigti f cf Cyghn cf duir

ti li cf Zfghnf5 pirm ym, suspiglìglm ic bu`h`m,ni nihnm y s`km nfhìglm istfs riacix`mgis2

"Lflm qui cf Cyghn nuoìsi for`kflm, y dfgtuvìsi tmlfväf pirs`stigti y 6 v`vm su ml`m, su hicm m




“ 8<? “

gm sà quà pfs`øg dæs hmgtrf cf Zfghnf, ½quà pic`

krm nforäf ig fquiccfs fcturfs pfrf tidir qui àstf pulìsi ftrfir nfh`f sä cfs d`rflfs li fdmr licdfr`shfc =

¡ Zmori Zfg hnf ½ Vuà irf yf = Acmr li cf tfrlidust`f, hfälf, dfrhn`tf ofbm cf fhh`øg listruhtmrfli cfs pigur`fs i `ga`g`tms suar`dìgtms li ugf cfr

kf pirikr`gfh`øg y pigmsm hmga`gfdìgtm ig cms hfcliflms lisìrtms li Ispfläg. . .Fld`t`lm tfdo`àg qui ix`stìsi ig cf Cyghn ic

ispär`tu y prmpøs`tm li ugf vigkfgzf, y su `c`d`tflf `gacuigh`f smori cf vmcugtfl lic nmdori huymhmrfzøg tigäf pfrf sìdpri hmgqu`stflm, s`g r`vfcpmsòci, ½nforæ hmgsiku`lm li àsti qui frrfstrfsif cf `gmhigti i `gmaigs`vf Zfghnf li cf dfgirfqui cf n`zm, s`g dæs døv`c qui libfrcf f dirhil liisf quir`lf y qui àstf hmgvirt`lf ig dmgstrum lipirvirs`lfl hmditìsi aräf y hfchucflfdigti fquichr`dig li cf dæs litistfoci y nmrr`p`cfgti vigkfgzf, qui hfoir pulìrf ig igtrföfs li d u b i r . . . =

Lflm, puis, qui sidibfgti dfclfl sif morf licf Cyghn, vfc`àglmsi li su fdfgti, ½qu`àg ig tfchfsm, àc m iccf, risuctf ic virlflirm y òg`hm hucpfoci, ½Vu`àg, ic qui pulìrf nfoir iv`tflm fquiccfduirti m cf qui søcm si nforæ smcfzflm pmr iccf=½Vu`àg, ic qui cibms li iv`tfrcf cf pripfrø, y ig

siku`lf cf dfglø ibihutfr, m cf qui fhfsm gm cfsupm s`gm lispuàs li ibihutflf y f . . . =

Libm fc t`gm li ustil, a `gm y lisfpfs`mgflm, icbu`h`m qui liof amrdfrsi smori cf supuistf pfrt`h`pfh`øg qui cf Cyghn pulìrf nfoir tig`lm ig istilrfdf.




F dä gm di hmgstf qui iccf nuoìsi li fckòg dm

lm `gacu`lm ig ic æg`dm li Cøpiz, pfrf nfoir àstiv`ht`dflm f cf Zfghnf5 di hmgstf sä qui cfs hruiclflis li fquic nmdori gm gihis`tfofg li fbigf sukist`øg. Iccfs prmvigäfg li su prmp`m amglm“liug hmrfzøg amrbflm ig cf arfkuf li cf `gnudfg`lfl, ritidpcflm ig cf nmkuirf li cf listruhh`øg, y

hfcliflm ig ic hr`smc li cfs vigkfgzfs.Ci nidms v`stm gm hmgdmvirsi hmg cms nmrrmrisli cf `gdmcfh`øg li su puiocm y gfh`øg5 p`sfglm òfsmori hflæviris lurfgti h`ghm föms y sìdpri hmgsil y nfdori li sfgkri y duirti . . .

Hufglm si prmpusm hfst`kfr f su prmp`f dflri,hmdm cm n`hìrf yf hmg sus nirdfgms y nirdfgfs,hriäf ighmgtrfr ig àc fckòg ristm lic sigt`dìgtmdæs ägt`d m i `glistruhtòci lic hmrfzøg n ud fg m“ic sigt`dìgtm a `c`fc5 ci rmkuà pmr ic pirløg f cfd f lri , y . . . ¡ hr u i c l i s i g k f ö m . . .

Lmocidms istf nmbf5 y ispiridms ic aräm afccm licf n`stmr`f, qui lfræ f hflf ugm su pfrti li ris

pmgsfo`c`lfl ig cms d`c ip`sml`ms lic `gdigsm ycuhtumsm lrfdf li cf listruhh`øg pftr`f.

Qmy f tird`gfr istf, yf pmr lidæs cfrkf ritfn`cf hmg cms lftms smori cf træk`hf duirti li cf " dær

t ` r li c nmgmr" .Nfoäfdms v`stm f cf Zfghnf ig ic hfdpfdigtm

li @tfgfræ5 hmgl uh`lf lispuàs li nfoir higflm hmgcf Cyghn, f cf dfymräf lic hufrtic kigirfc, ig hfc`lfl li prisf i `ghmdug`hfoci.

Zmhms läfs lispuàs dfrhnø li fccä ic ibàrh`tm f




“ ><< “

ug cukfr ccfdflm Frrmym Kufzò, y li fquä f mtrm

ligmd`gflm Rfgbf-nò.Xfoilmr li qui ig Frrmym Kufzò nfoäfg s`lm ibi

hutflms vfr`ms prisms, prikugtà fc hmrmgic Higtur`øg, qui hmrräf hmg iccms, pmr cf Zfghnf, hriyiglmqui auisi trfälf f Rfgbf-nò5 pirm huæc auà d` smrprisf hufglm di l`bm qui iccf nfoäf s`lm tfdo`àg

duirtf , y f cf g z f . . .Duirti tfgtm dæs lipcmrfoci y ftrmz hufgtm quicf sigtigh`f istfof puistf hmg ugf siöfc li hruz fcæp`z pmr ic d`sdm Cøpiz, smori àc gmd ori li Zfg hnf, ig cf c`stf li cms prisms .. .

Fsä cf omrrø ig digms li ug tirhirm li tìdpm

li igtri cms v`vms, y cf nugl`ø ig ic hfms li cmsduirtms P sus ristms listrmzflms quilfrmg `gsipuctms ig fquic lisìrtm, s`g mtrf hruz s`quìrf litmshf d flirf, qui kufrlfsi su s i p u ch r m . . .

N i fquä ic mtrm pm cm li cf v`l f, li cf Z fg hnf ,su sfc`lf lic duglm igtri cækr`dfs y sfgkri. Istfof hìrtfdigti ig dfgms lic mtrm li fquiccms lmst`rfgms cms dæs hruicis lic Zfrfkufy

@ghc`gàdmgms, lisli cf l`stfgh`f fgti cf tudofli fquiccf nirmägf li cf hfst`lfl, väht`df `gmhigti,dært`r li cf purizf. Iccf ægkic lic lisìrtm, oft`øsus fcfs li pòrpurf, y si ridmgtø f `ghmrpmrfrsiig cfs itàrifs rik`mgis hmg ic krupm li cfs "hìgtm

hufrigtf d`c värkigis qui rmlifg fc hmrlirm licFpmhfcyps`s , hfgtfglm hægt`hms guivms" .

Zfghnf Kfrdil`f, nirdmsf i `gamrtugflf dubir,is cf nmgrf y kcmr`f li su sixm5 is cf lmghiccf licZfrfkufy, hmdm Bufgf li F rh m is cf lmghiccf liMrcifgs.




“ 8<9 “

Hæoidi riprmluh`r fnmrf istf p`flmsf fsp`rfh`øg

li d` fcdf2" Z c i k u à fc h ìcm, y dirizhf tfdo`àg ZfghnfKfrdigl`f, hmdm Bufgf li Frhm, cf hfgøg`hf hmgsfkrfh`øg li isf nirm`hf hfst`lfl, rfl`fgti furimcfqui for`ccfgtf su sìg li dært`r pmr cf v`rk`g`l f l "

Iccf, ig virlfl, dur`ø pmr hmgsirvfr `gtfhtf cfv`rtul id`gigtidigti hr`st`fgf, f cf qui fpfribflf istæ cf hmrmgf dæs kcmr`msf ig cf dfgs`øg aic`zli cms ishmk`lms.

Hmg tmlm fkrflm sfculm f ustil, rip`t`àglmdi sufttm. X. X.

A. Dfäz.

GM\F. “ Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f gm istæ smcf ig ic dfrt`

rmcmk`m li cfs lfdfs pfrf kuf yfs. \mlm cm qui cf smhìlfl

fsughiöf tigäf li dæs krfgflm y l`st`gku`lm, auà tfdo`àg

`gdmcflm f cf pfr li iccf hmdm s` ig tmrgm f su ishcfrih`lf

a`kurf si nuoìrf hmgkrikflm ug hmrm v`rk`gfc pfrf fhmd

pföfrcf ig su træk`hf `gdmcfh`øg.Fc cflm li Zfghnf Kfrdigl`f y hmdm amrdfglm aftäl`hm

hmrtibm, a`kurfg tfdo`àg cf prmp`f dflri lic dfr`shfc Cø

piz, cf rispitfoci dftrmgf lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm, sus `gamr

tugflfs nirdfgfs @gmhigh`f Cøpiz li Ofrr`ms y _faficf

Cøpiz li Oilmyf, Buc`fgf @gsaræg li Dfrtägiz, Oirgfrlf

Ofrr`ms li Dfrhø y cfs siömr`tfs Lmcmris _iifclh, Dirhilis

Ikusqu`zf, cfs si`s nirdfgfs Ofrr`ms, y hìgtms li värkigis dæs `gdmcflfs lic dmlm dæs oærofrm i `gnudfgm ig

fquiccms läfs li lidigh`f l`kgms li cf aräf pirvirs`lfl y

li cfs aìrfs lic h`rhm rmdfgm.

(Hmdigtfr`m li " I c M rl i g " , , fc riprmluh`rcf) .Frrmyms y Istirms, Xori, 6? li 60:9.







H Y F _ \ F Z F _ \ I

I C D F _ @ X H F C C Ø Z I R

Lishr`tm pmr ug dìdorm li su afd`c`f

Pm qui ti hmgmzhm lisli hn`qu`tm, qui pfcdm f

pfcdm ni dil`lm tus pfsms, qui ti ni tig`lm f d`cflm, qui ni istul`flm tu hfpfh`lfl, smgliflm tul`spms`h`øg, `gqu`r`lm tus flicfgtms, rfstriflm tusibirh`h`ms y qui gm ti ni pirl`lm li v`stf g` ugdmdigtm, puilm lfr gmt`h`fs y buzkfr li tus mpirfh`mgis5 sà cm qui puilis lfr y cf cihni qui nfsdfdflm.

Gm pmlræs gikfrdi qui ig orutm pfsfsti f sird`c`tfr, ig orutm ccikfsti f sir kigirfc, f cf ròst`hf si ti n`zm or`kflìr, f cf l`focf ti n`zm tu pflridfr`shfc y f cm dfcl`tm ti n`h`sti pris`ligti.

½ L `d i, huæcis auirm g tus istul`ms c ½ Huæcis cfsfhflid`fs y ug`virs`lflis ig qui nfs hursflm=

\mlfväf istfofs hmg cf cihni ig cms cfo`ms hufglm si ti n`zm kigirfc. Xfc`stis li cf hfp`tfc f amrdfr hfdpfdigtm li trmpfs ig cf Q`ccf lic Z`cfr5fccä tigäfs hufrticis , l`sh`pc`gfstis smclflms f cfo`rcmgkf, fccä cms fzmtfof s y aus`cfofs f tu kustm,fccä awd .fstis tu sirrfccm li cmritfs y sfcäfs f ivmcu-




“ 8<> “

lmgfr f cf v`stf li iccfs, trfäfs fc ritmrtirm, cfs tr m

pfs, irfs ug d`c`tfr buræglmcfs, nfhäfg b`rfs y hfp`rmtis dfrh`fcis f cms dmv`dìgtms li tu ispflfqui ocfgläfs hmg huir pm y fcdf f cfs vmhis lidfglm, dmstrfglm qui irfs ic nmdori li ispihucfh`øg qui fccä nfoäf.

Hflf ugf li cfs ispihtflmrfs hmghioäf cf ixpih

tft`vf li dirihir s`quìrf tmhfr cf pugtf li tu ispflf, s`g istfr fbigfs li hmgmhir tu l`spms`h`øg liigvfsærsicf fc pr`dir fsfctm istrftàk`hm qui si prisigtfsi .

Istms auirmg cms rul`digtms d`c`tfris ig qui siigsfyø tu gfturfc rulizf.. Ig dil`m li isfs amrdfh`mgis si gmtfofg tus kf

cmgis y dfr`shfcis quìorfs li huirpm y riquìorfsli tu hmrfzøg, nfh`àglmti ic hfrfgtiöirm dfymr licf trmpf. \mlms cms ma`h`fcis fpriglìrmg f sir rf-dirms. Xidorflm li zfgfnmr`fs istfof ic hfdpm licms ibàrh`tms d`c`tfris. Igrilflms istfofg Dfrtihmg Qigus .

Gm tfgtm nfhäfs usm li cfs frdfs lic pr`dirm,s`gm li cfs acihnfs, lfrlms y frpmgis lic n`bm li cfsikuglf.

Ig cms ibirh`h`ms li auikm cms hn`hmcims libfofgf fquiccfs g`gafs ispih`flfs y d`rcflfs li tus zfcfdirfs y dil`lfs istrftik`fs.

Ig tmlm isti tìdpm gm ti p`ghnfrmg cfs isp`gfslic Zfrgfsm, g` ti lisvicfrmg cfs v`k`c`fs li D`girvf y sìdpri fgluv`sti auk`t`vm li àc.

Fccä ti igsfyfstis f nfhir cf kuirrf gm søcm hmgtu ispflf hfgligti hufc vmchæg ighigl`lm, s`gm, hmgcf c`high`f, hmg ic còirt`gfbi y cf `gsmcigh`fW




“ 8<0 “

Isf tu liprfvflf hmgluhtf is cf hfusf là tmlms

cms lisørligis qui si ixpir`digtf g ig ic Zfrfkufy 5 pmr iccf si ighìgli cf prisigti kuirrf, pmriccf si ixh`tf guistrf `gl`kgfh`øg, iccf nf rmtm cmsväghucms dæs istrihnms li cf fd `stfl, iccf nf trfstmrgflm f cms nmdoris y fpr`s`mgflm f sfhirlmtis yiccf is cf qui frru`gf f cms nfo`tfg tis.

\u pflri d`sdm viäf f sus ofrofs vmcvirti c`high`msm, viäf tmlfs tus ùhc`gfi`mgi s qui si fc`digtf

ofg f su v`stf, àc d`sdm amdigtfof tus dfcfs pfs`mgis hmg `ggudirfocis hfr`h`fs, si dfrfv`ccfof licm qui lioäf ispfgtfrsi, afvmrihäf cm qui lioäf hmrrik`r y tmdfof pmr l`virs`øg cm qui vf f hmstfrfdfrkfs cækr`dfs f tmlm ic puiocm pfrfkufym.

F pisfr li hmgmhir tu pflri qui hfäfs ig ic dæsvirkmgzmsm li tmlms cms v`h`ms, qui gm ti mhupfofsdæs qui ig quidfr `ghìgsm f Hup`lm y nir`r lidu irti f cfs afd`c`fs ig su nmgrf, ti igv`ø f I u rm pf f hmrrir ic duglm, f h`v`c`zfrti y piraihh`mgfrti ig cf hmrruph`øg, f fpriglir tmlms* cms v`h`ms iu

rmpims y g`gkugf li sus v`rtulis.Isi v`fbi qui hmstø fc Istflm mhnmhìgtms d`c

auirtis, ½quà arutm nf lflm= ½Vuà vigtfbf nf prmluh `lm= Qmcv`stis pimr qui fgtis, `kgmrfgti hmdmsìdpri y ricfbflm dæs qui gughf , `rfb`stis li-dfghiof f ugf `gkcisf hàciori pmr sus aihnmräfs ig

Iurmpf 5 nfhis qui cf flmri ic puiocm y v`vis is-hfglf cmsfdìgti hmg iccf. ½Fsä si flmrf y si tròutf krfh`fs f L`ms qui gms sfhø li cf sirv`ludoriic föm li 6>66= ½Fsä si kmzf li cf còirtfl qui igtmghis si prmhcfdø=

Li oærofrm y nfrfkæg qui iris ti vfs f pirlir




“ 81: “

bugtm hmg ic puiocm. Gm ti nfccm gughf mhupflm ig

hmsfs ouigfs. Xftfgæs si ti `g trm lu bm ig tmlfs pf rtis, ig Ouigms F`ris, ig Iurmpf, ith . Xi `gtrmlubmcf tigtfh`øg ig tu ispär`tu, ig tu hmrfzøg y ig tussigt`lms, ti sud`stis ig ic hìgm li cms v`h`ms, hmdit`sti cf `g`qu`lfl y hftf fqd qui prmluhis cf du irti lic Zfrfkufy.

Nmy tu ma`h`m is suar`r y nfhir pflihir5 tmlm cmqui vis nfhi tu tmrdigtm, cfs qu`dirfs dæs ixtrfvfkfgtis ti pfrihig hirt`ludoris, qui ti fkmo`fgy ti ixfspirfg5 tmlms tus fhtms smg riprmoflms, tmlms dfcl`hig tu ix`stigh`f.

\mlms k`dig ofbm tu ishfglfcmsm pmlir y smori

tmlm àstms, myiglm kid`r ic nmgmr li tfgtfs afd`c`fs, pmrqui nfs nihnm fnmkfr su vmz, gm nfs pirlmgflm f gflì, nfstf cf pfrti dæs lào`c nfs ftfhflm .

½Vu`àg gm ti rihmgvìgi f hflf rftm ig isti hfsmpmrqui nfs mcv`lflm cf kcmr`f li ug sixm, huym pu

lmr d`sdm is cf dæs nirdmsf v`rtul=X` pìgsfs ug dmdigtm tiglræs qui lih`r2 Xmy ic

mprmo`m li d` pftr`f, cf farigtf li d` afd`c`f, icishæglfcm li d` Gfh`øg qui frrfstrm hmg `gafd `f,läfs hmgsud `lms ig cf l`smcuh`øg5 tmlms nuy ig lidä hmdm nuyig lic høcirf y cms digms ishrupucmsms

gm quìrig nfocfrdi.Hmdm nmdori lisnmgistm y vmcuptumsm ti nfsdmstrflm smrlm f cms kr`tms li cf rfzøg, tmlm cm nfslisprih`flm y mcv`lflm, nfstf ti nfs mcv`lflm li t`d`sdm.




“ 896 “

\mlm cm qui ti vìgi igh`df is hfst`km, qui L`ms

ti dfglf, hmdm f Kmd mrrf.

Dfguic Zilrm ZIÖF,

M \ _ F L I X H _ @ Z H @ Ø G L I C D F _ @ X H F C

Arf gh`shm Xmcfgm Cø piz irf kruism li huir pm,tiglräf dæs m digms <9 föms, ofbm li istfturf, pirmli prisigh`f f`rmsf.

Ig @gkcftirrf pfsfräf pmr tr`kuiöm, pirm irf hfs` lic d`sdm hmcmr qui cms ispfömcis ig kigirfc,

sus hfoiccms irfg gikrms y sus dfgms y pìs piquiöms.

Hufglm istfof fcikri irf oìg pfrih`lm y susdfgirfs hmd m su hmgvi rsfh`øg fkrfl focis. Z m r ichmgtrfr`m, hufglm istfof li df c nudmr, tmdfof ugfspihtm sudfdigti smdoräm. I rf d uy hu`lflmsm

li su pirsmgf, fdfgti lic cubm d`c`tfr, smori tmlmig su ishmctf, fc hfd`gfr si hmgtmrgifof li ugfdfgirf pihuc`fr, sus pìrgfs irfg hmrtfs, hmg ugfhurof duy prmgugh`flf, sigtæofsi oìg f hfofccmy hufglm bmvig irf ouig b `giti.

Vuiräf cmhfdigti f cms n`bms li Ic`sf Cyghn, pi

rm fosmcutfdigti gflf f cms gudirmsms qui tigäfig mtrfs dubiris. Gm irf hfpfz li for`kfr sigt`dìgtms fd `stmsms pmr gflì, nfoìglm nihnm lihfp`tfr f tmlms sus afvmr`tms qui lurfgti cfrkms fömsnfoäfg s`lm sus hmdpfö irms li mrkäfs. I rf dg krfgaudflmr y kfstrøgmdm.




4- 89? “

Lispuàs li hmdir, hufglm istfof li ouig nudmr

smcäf hfgtfr ugf hfgh`mgh`tf qui irf su afvmr`tf2"Cf a c m r li cf hfgi cf " . \igäf ispcàgl`lf omlikfli cms dæs ixqu`s`tms v`gms, f cms hufcis irf duyfa`h`mgflm y qui gfl ì s`gm àc oioäf ig su disf, s`gixhiptufr f dflfd f y fc mo `s pm 5 sus hmgv`lfl mshmdäfg hmg v`gm li hcfsi `gair`mr.

Hufglm istfof ig Zfsm Zfhò, lurfgti fckugmsdisis smcäf bukfr f cfs lfdfs hmg ic mo`spm tmlm icläf .

Ic mo`spm si civfgtfof duhnfs vihis dæs tidprfgm qui àc y smcäf `r f ispirfrcm vfr`fs nmrfs igic hmrrilmr li cf nfo`tfh`øg li Cøpiz hmg ic smd

orirm ig cf d fg m. Hu fglm C øp iz si civfgtfof, icmo`spm si fhirhfof nud`clidigti y hmdm tidirmsmci nfhäf ug prmauglm sfculm, fc qui Cøpiz hmgtistfof hmg ug dmv`dìgtm li hfoizf, s`g qu`tfrsi icsmdorirm.

Nfocfof duy dfc ic `gkcàs, oìg ic arfghàs y di

bmr ic hfsticcfgm. Irf ouig mrflmr y pmsiäf ispih`fcdigti isf hcfsi li icmhuigh`f prmp`f pfrf `gsp`rfr f cms smclflms ugf hìkf hmga`fgzf ig àc y igsä d`sdms, fudigtflf pmr ug prmauglm lisprih`mfc igid`km.

Gm pird`täf qui gflì l`birf ug hn`sti ig su

prisigh`f, fugqui àc irf duy fa`h`mgflm f lih`rcms . Irf duy ix`kigti ig cm hmghirgìgti f su pirsmgf y moc`kfof nfstf f sus nirdfgms y f su prmp`fdflri f qui ci l` birfg Q. Ixhicigh`f. \igäf vmcugtfl li nìrrm, lisdil`lm mrkuccm y hufglm quiräf irf ofstfgti sufvi, fstutm y hfofccirishm, hfpfz




“ 898 “

li igkföfr f ug l`pcmdæt`hm y nfhirci hriir cm qui

ci lìsi cf kfgf.Bfd æs s`gt`ø cf pàrl`lf li sus dibmris ma`h`fcis

y smclflms. \igäf ic dfymr hu`lflm ig mhuctfr àc s`t`m ig lmgli àc si ishmgläf y hmg isti mobitm fomc`øcms hfshms li ormghi l& su kufrl`f li nmgmr, fsä hmdm su ofglirf, y trftfof sìdpri li mhuctfr isti

huirpm.Gm pird`täf qui sus kufrl`fs cm fhmdpföfsig, g`qui cms higt`gicfs ci prisigtfsig cfs frd fs ig cfstris m huftrm mhfs`mgis qui v`s`tø wgf pfrti li suibàrh`tm, pmr tidmr li sir v`stm y rihmgmh`lm pmr icigid`km..

\fd o`àg libø li usfr su pmghnm afvmr`tm, li hmcmr pugzø y omrlflm ig mrm, hfd o`ø àc eip`s pmr ugsmdorirm li pfbf y l`m vuictf fc rivàs su piccøgomrlflm li mrm. \mlfs cfs dföfgfs tigäf su, hfofccmigs`ccflm y su hfrrufbi c`stm fgtis li rfyfr ic läf,pfrf istfr prmgtm f cf aukf, ig hfsm qui pig itrfrfic igid`km pmr fckòg pugtm li sus cägifs.

Fc pr`gh`p`m li cf kuirrf rfrf viz oioäf, f gmsir ig cf disf5 pirm òct`dfdigti flqu`r`ø cf hmstudori li digulifr cfs hmpfs li Mpmrtm lurfgtiic läf. Hmgtrfbm isti v`h`m pmhm fgtis li lfr pr`gh`p`m f sus òct`dfs ftrmh`lflis, cm hufc s`g lulf hmgtròuyø duhnm pfrf nfhircm hruic. “ (\nmdpsmg,

pæk. 818) .Gmsmtrms hriidms qui isti dmgstrum nudfgm, gf

h`ø lmtflm li `gst`gtms airmhis, f buzkfr pmr cms nihnms qui ighìrrf su*ftirrfgti n`stmr`f.

Ig su `gafgh`f, su l`virs`øg pril`cihtf irf sfhfrci cms mbms f cfs fvih`tfs v`vfs, hufglm istfof li




ouig nudmr cis frrfghfof cfs pcudfs, libæglmcis

cfs li cfs fcfs y cf hmcf, cfrkæglmcfs ig siku`lf pfrf qui vmcfsig, dfs hufglm istfof dfcnudmrflmcis frrfghfof cf cigkuf.

(_icftms li smoriv`vìgtis) .

I C " Q F C M _ " L I C D F _ @ X H F C

Ic vìbm pris`ligti nfoäf amrdflm ug piquiömibàrh`tm pirdfgigti, y frdflm cf Gfh`øg pfrf cfliaigsf. Duirtm àc, su n`bm hmdigzø f frdfrcf pfrf sft`safhir sus lismro`tflfs fdo`h`mgis, y ig ichmcdm li sus lisft`gms, lms föms lispuàs, s`g hmgtfr hmg cf sua`hìgti pripfrfh`øg, g` hmg ic hmghursm li d`c`tfris ixpirtms, prmvmhø fc @dpir`m licOrfs`c. Lisihnfof cms ouigms hmgsibirms, puis hriäfgm gihis`tfr igsiöfgzfs li gfl ì, d fgtig ìglm fsu cflm hmrtisfgms y flucmgis qui fcigtfofg sus

`gsigsftms pcfgis, hmgvigh`àglmcm li qui ugf gfh`øg smcm pmläf flqu`r`r krfglizf y gmdorfläf, rik`strfglm ig sus fgfcis ugf krfg kuirrf. Zrmhurfglm tigir dmt`vms li hmgtìglf, prmhcfdø qui gmsi nfoäf lflm fc Zfrfkufy cf `gtirvigh`øg qui cihmrrispmgläf ig cfs huist`mgis lic Zcftf, y pfrf

qui tfc hmsf gm mhurrìsi ig cm suhis`vm, si hmgst`tu yø , pm r sä y fgti sä, fro`trm lic iqu `còr`m lifquàccfs.

Xidibfgtis lispcfgtis, nfräfg hriir f hufcquìrf qui Cøpiz pmsiäf ug hfræhtir tidirfr`m y nirm`hm, hufglm, pmr ic hmgtrfr`m, su pus`cfg`d`lfl rfyf-




“ X9X “

of ig cm r`lähucm. Hmgt`gufd igti prisudäf fsi

hnfgzfs hmgtrf su v`lf y pm r .lmquìrf smspihnfofigid`kms. Dfgtigäf sìdpri ugf hustml`f li lmsm tris hmrlmgis li kufrl`fs y sus dæs aìcis dmgtfofg su v`k`cf gh `f f cf pu irtf li su fpmsigtm mhfrpf. Lurfgti cf kuirrf li h`ghm föms, iv`tøsìdpri ic ixpmgirsi, y gm søcm si dfgtigäf cibms

lic fchfghi li cms prmyiht`cis, s`gm qui, pfrf hmcdmli sikur`lfl, si riskufrlfof ig hfsf-dftfs li ispisfs durfccfs. _ihmrlfrid ms ugf fgàhlmtf d uysukist`vf.

Hìrtf dföfgf, ig Zfsm Zfhò, lurfgti ugf v`s`tf li `gspihh`øg fc hfdpfdigtm, fhmdpföflm lisu Istflm Dfymr, auà smrprigl`lm pmr ic cibfgm yhfsufc istfcc`lm li ugf omdof “ f tris hufrtms lid`ccf li l`stfgh`f “ y cf ixpcms`øg prmlubm tfc `dpris`øg li tirrmr ig su æg`dm, qui si fcibø f tmlmkfcmpi, fofglmgfglm cf hmd`t`vf y yiglm f riauk`frsi ig su sikurf kufr`lf . I c virkmgzmsm nihn mnfoäf tig`lm cukfr ig prisigh`f li gudirmsms tis

t`kms, pfrf qui auirf pmsòci mhuctfrcm. Hriyiglmomrrfr cf dfcf `dpris`øg mr`k`gflf, n`zm ishrò`rug frt ähucm ig " I c Xi d fg fr`m " , `g bur`fglm f susigid`kms y l`hìglm qui ig cfs gfh`mgis h`v`c`zflfsirf ug pugtm li nmgmr gm t`rfr gughf ig l`rihh`øgfc riy qui fcivmsm y hmofrli, irf nfoir t`rflm ig

l`rihh`øg fc dfr`shfc pris`ligti.

L`hi ic hfp`tæg li Istflm Dfymr, \imlmrm A`x,ig cf pæk. 6;6 li su "Kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy" , ria ` r`àglmsi f cf oftfccf li Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs2




“ 8 9 1 “

"Hmdm f ism li dil`m läf ic fsfctm auà ccivflm

pmr tris hmstflms y hmg pcigm àx`tm. Pf fgtis liidpizfr, Cøpitz si nfoäf riauk`flm ig ic dmgti, siku`lm li ug piquiöm gòd irm li hfofccirms (qu`ghim lìz y si`s) y nfoäf tmdflm cf väf li Hirrm Ciøg.X` v`kmrmsf au à fc pr `gh `p`m \f liaigsf li cms p frf kufyms, hugl`ø lispuàs igtri iccms ic lisfcìgtm,

hufglm v`gìrmg f sfoir qui Cøpiz cms nfoäf fofglmgflm. I g cms qui gm pm läf g nu `r, ic lisfcìgtmsuhil`ø f cf igirkäf y ugf ispihì li ris`kgfh`øgpfsfvf fc afgft`sdm lmd`gfgti.

Buf g Hfrcms Kødiz l `h i2 " I c kigirfc lmg Bufg

Fglràs Kiccy, d `c`tfr li vmt m ig cf d ftir`f, di nffsikurflm hìg vihis qui ug kigirfc qui gm nuoìrf tig`lm cf istup`liz li Xmcfgm Cøpiz, nuoìrf si-p`ltflm lìz vihis f cms ibàrh`tms fc`flms ig ic Zfrfkufy f ig ic Zfrfgæ.

" F dæs li ug d `c`tfr ni mälm “ y gm si gihis`

tf sir d`c`tfr pfrf pigsfrcm “ qui hmg ug pmhm dæsli. igirkäf y rismcuh`øg ig Cøpiz, cms fc`flms gm sinuoìrfg rinihnm lic rihnfzm li Hurupfyty."

X @ O F _ @ \ @ X D M

Li cf pfribf Cyghn-Cøpiz

P ig tfgtm qui tmlm ism y duhnm dæs pfsfofiö ic hfdpfdigtm li cfs liskrfh`flfs trf`lmrfs, cmd `sd m. mhur räf ig cms hfd pfd igtms li cfs p morisris`ligtfs qui òfg frriæglmsi trfs lic dfr`shfc




“ 89; “

Cøpiz. P, s`g idofrkm, nuom ugf dubir pr`v`ci

k`flf qui s`ku`ø nfhìglm nfstf Hirrm Hmrf, v`lfli pr`ghisfIstf cm auà, cf fdfgti lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, df

lfdf Cyghn li Vuitriafkis.Libfof cf hfdf li 0 f 6: li cf dföfgf5 lisfyu

gfof, pmr cm kigirfc, hnmhmcfti hmg kfccit`tfs. Xiigtritigäf hmg su tm`citti nfstf hirhf li dil`m läfy cuikm pfsfof f cf disf, ig lmgli irfg hmdigsfcis, ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, cms d`g`strms y fckugms licms hmrmgicis afvmr`tms.

Cf hmd`lf lurfof nfstf cf 6 li cf tfrli y lispuàs pfsfof f su hufrtm, ig lmgli nfhäf cf sìstf,nfstf cfs 9. Qmcväf f su tm`citti, nfh`àglmcm l`st`g

tm lic li cf dföfgf, dibmr l`hnm li krfg tm`citti.Xfcäf ig ic hmrrilmr y si ixnòäf f sus afvmr`tms yf cms sirv`lmris lic dfr`shfc, rihòìglm li àstmscfs gmt`h`fs lic läf, ith.

F cfs 0 li cf-gmhni, pfsfof f cf disf, li lmglisi civfgtfof ugf nmrf lispuàs, vmcvìglm f cms hm

rrilmris y tirtuc`fof hmg ic fdfgti y fckugms lisus fl`htms, duhnfs vihis, nfstf cf 6 li cf dföfgf.

Cfs hmd`lfs irfg virlflirms ofgquitis5 pcftmsvfr`flms, luchis ixqu`s`tms, r`hms v`gms y c`hmris.

I c kigirfc Ar fg h`shm @s`lmrm _i squ äg, bi ai licistflm dfymr lic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym, ig su lihcf

rfh`øg pristflf ig ic hufrtic kigirfc lic hmdfglmlic ibàrh`tm orfs`ciöm ig Nudf`tæ, ic ?: li dfrzmli 6>;:, ria`r`àglmsi fc nfdori, cfs df rhnfs amrzflfs, cfs d`sir`fs, ith., lic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym ig cfhfdpföf li Hirrm Hmrf, l`hi2

"Ig dil`m li tfgtfs d `sir`fs y li istfs ishigfs




“ 89> “

li lismcfh`øg, y li cfs ibihuh`mgis s`g tàrd`gm , Cø

piz hmgt`gufof nfhìglm cf d`sdf v`lf qui fgtis2si civfgtfof f cfs 0, f cfs 6: y f cfs 66 li cf dfö fgf y f vihis fc dil`mläf, audfof y bukfof hmg susn`bms5 hmdäf oìg y oioäf duhnm, quilfglm duhnfsvihis ig ug krfgli y tirròci istflm li ixh`tfh`øg.

Dflfdf Cyghn sìdpri si dmstrfof vist`lf li

silf y li

krfg tm`citti".(Làhflf, ith . , pæk. ?8?).

I O _ @ I L F L P H _ Y I C L F L

Cf dfg äf li cf "hmgsp`rfh`øg"

Ic lirrudoi li sus afgtæst`hfs qu`dirfs li pmliräm, ic arfhfsm li sus gfpmciøg`hfs idprisfs kuirrirfs, fkrfvfrmg ig ic dfr`shfc cf `glulfoci dfgäf pirsihutmr`f qui pflihäf, fofglmgæglmsi ig

tmghis li ug dmlm lisigarigflm f cf oio`lf, fc ixtridm li qui irf rfrm ic läf qui gm si nfccfsi igistflm li iorìlfl. Xu hmdpföirf dflfdf Cyghn,amdigtfof isi v`h`m pfrf lmd`gfrcm dibmr y motigir hmg dfymr afh`c`lfl cms lihritms qui ci sukiräfy dil`fgti cms hufcis si igr`quihäf y si vigkfof

lic lislàg y cf ar`fclfl hmg quf cf afd`c`f Cøpizy mtrfs li cf pr`dirf smhìlfl fsughiöf cf fhmkìrfg f su frròm fc Zfrfkufy. \fdo`àg iccf fousfof li cf oio`lf, pirm gughf ci prmlubm dfymristrfstmrgms.

Ziquiöfs hfusfs, vfkfs smspihnfs, ofstfofg pfrf




“ 890 “

qui hufcquìrf auisi smdit`lm f tmrturfs, si ci mo c`

kfsi f hmgaisfr lic`tms `dfk`gfr`ms y si ci ibihutfrf . Huigtf ic hmrmgic li `gkigìrms \nmdpsmg, `gkcàs, fc sirv`h`m lic Zfrfkufy, qui istfglm ig ugkfcpøg hmg vfr`ms ma`h`fcis f cf ispirf li sir rihò`lm pmr ic dfr`shfc, ug sfrkigtm li cf kufrl`f cin`zm l`virsfs prikugtfs `gmhigtis, fc'ist`cm li cfss`kuìgtis2 " X` cf ri`gf Q`htmr`f ccivfof sìdpri cfhmrmgf hufglm sfcäf f p f s i f r " 5 " s ` àc vist`räf icugàmrdi pfrfkufym hufglm auisi f @gkcftirrf" ,ithàtirf. Yg dmdigtm lispuàs auà ricivflf cfkufrl`f y cms ma`h`fcis qui ispirfofg auirmg tmlmsfrristflms. \nmdpsmg auà moc`kflm f ishrò`r cfhmgvirsfh`øg smstig`lf y igtrikfrcf fc läf s`kuìg

ti, cm qui hudpc`ø, pirm yf nfoäfg ibihutflm fc pmori sfrkigtm.

Ic 6< li igirm li 6>1;, cfs ofglirfs lic hfdpfdigtm igid`km si dfgtigäfg f dil`f fstf, y hflftri`gtf d`gutms si l`spfrfof ug hfömgfzm. Irf,iv`ligtidigti, ugf lidmstrfh`øg li luicm y fc df

r`shfc si ci fgtmbø qui ic afccih`lm irf ic kigirfcD`tri. Lms frkigt`gms, frrioftflms li ugf li cfsfvfgzflfs, auirmg `gtirrmkflms, y hmdm gm supìrfg fhcfrfr cfs hmgbiturfs, si cis fpc`hø ugf smoirfgf tuglf qui cms libø ixtiguflms, "hmgaisfglm" ,igtmghis, qui ic-duirtm irf D`tri.

@kufc prmhil`dìgtm si usø hmg lisirtmris y pr`s`mgirms tmdflms ig isms läfs pfrf motigir tfg hfpr`hnmsf lihcfrfh`øg, pmr cm qui Cøpiz n`zm puoc`hfr ig " I c X id fg fr `m " cf gmt`h`f li cf d uirti liD`tri. Ic afccih`lm, ig hfdo`m, irf ic v`hipris`ligti Zfz.




“ 81: “

Cms prmhil`dìgtms li tmrturf f qui si smditäfg

cms ighfusflms irfg li l`virsf äglmci y si ispihà `hfofg hmg pfcforfs kigàr`hfs 2 "r i hm g v i g `r " ," f d m g i s t f r " , " f h f r ` h ` f r " , " s m d i t i r f f p r i d `m s " ,"smditir f cf huist `øg" , ith .

Lispuàs li' cf kuirrf, ic kigirfc pfrf kuf ym O ir-gfrl`gm Hfofccirm, lihcfrø fc kigirfc K-frdigl`f,ria`r`àglmsi f cf afdmsf hmgsp`rfh`øg li Xfg Airgfglm2 "qui cf tfc hmgsp`rfh`øg istfof igvuictf igic d `s ti r` m ". Zf rf motigir- hmgais`mgis qui fsivirfsig cf ix`stigh`f li cf supuistf hmgsp`rfh`øg, sifpc`hfrmg cms dæs ria`gflms tmrdigtms qui is lfoci `dfk`gfr y tmlms hufgtms tuvìrmg cf liskrfh`fli sir sudfr`flms f isi mobitm, auirmg ibihutflms.

Gm mostfgti, gm nf pml`lm fpmrtfrsi ugf smcf pruiof a`lil`kgf li cf rifc`lfl li isi hmdpcmt.

Xøcm cms qui `gtirv`gìrmg ig hfc`lfl li buihisli `gstruhh`øg “ qui pmr su airmh`lfl auirmg ccfdflms " a `shfcis li sfgkri" y qui irfg `gstrudigtms hìkms lic t`rfgm “ fa`rdfrmg, lispuàs li cf

kuirrf, cf ix`stigh`f li cf supuistf hmgsp`rfh`øg,fht`tul fsud`lf, gfturfcdigti, pfrf ftigufr cfprmp`f hucpf.

Ic kigirfc Iisquäg, ugm ici l`hnms a`shfcis lisfgkri , fsikurf qui ix`stäf ug f hmrri spm gl igh `ffht`vf igtri cms prisugtms hmg burf lm s y ic d fr

quàs li Hfx`fs, ig tfgtm qui ic prisoätirm A`licDfäz “ ic \mrquidflf li isf @gqu`s`h`øg “ gìkf qui si nfyf ighmgtrflm ug smcm pilfzm li pfpicqui hmga`rdfrf cf virfh`lfl li tfc hmdpcmt m hmgsp`rfh`øg. Ic dfrquàs li Hfx`fs prmtistø gm nfoirtmdflm l`rihtf, g` `gl`rihtfdigti, pfrt`h`pfh`øg ig




“ 816 “

cf afgtæst`hf hmgsp`rfh`øg, "k rf h`f s f L`ms , gm tig

km qui ripr mhnf rd i g` ugf smcf kmtf li tmlf cfsfgkri virt `lf pmr tfgtms `gmhigtis . . . " , ishr ò äf .Dòct`pcis y vfr`flfs dfgàistfh`mgis li cf df

gäf li pirsihuh`øg qui lmd`gfof ic ispär`tu li Cøpiz, pmlräfg sir h`tflfs, hmdm tfdo`àg pmlräf lidmstrfrsi ic hr`d`gmsm fcìgtm qui ig sus lisvämsci pristfofg sihufhis y flucmgis, duhnms li cmshufcis hfyirmg väht`dfs li su d`sdf pirvirs`lfl.

Yg läf si prisigtø f cfs fvfgzflfs pfrfkufyfsug ma`h`fc frkigt`gm, lisirtmr lic ibàrh`tm fc`flm, yhmdm fckuìg suk`rìsi qui irf igv`flm pmr ic kigirfc D`tri pfrf fsis`gfr fc dfr`shfc, cm dfrt`r`zfrmg nfstf qui hmghcuyø pmr hmgaisfr cm ix`k`l m,

aus`cæglmsici `gdil`ftfdigti.Ic tigìgti pfrfkufym Rmrr`ccf, qui si oft`ø ni

rm`hfdigti ig Pftfy y hfyø pr`s`mgirm li cms fc`flms, fc hfom li fckugms disis hmgs`ku`ø vmcvir f `ghmrpmrfrsi f su ibàrh`tm. Dæs tfrli si ci fhusø linfoir rikrisflm hmg ic dfglftm lic kigirfc Hfstrm

pfrf fsis`gfr f Cøpiz, y smdit`lm f `rris`stòcistmrturfs, hmgaisø su "hr `d`gfc prmpøs`tm" , y nfstf lihcfrø nfoir igtirrflm pmr ic hfd`gm ugf omticcf li vigigm, s`g pmlir prih`sfr ic cukfr.

Xi sihuistrø ug puöfc qui Oig`kgm Cøpiz, nirdfgm lic dfr`shfc , "dfglø afor`hfr ixprmaism pf

rf fsis`gfrcm", y nuom mtrf frdf sidibfgti, liFräst`lis Luprft, "icik`lm igtri cms hmgsp`rflmrispfrf hcfvfr ic puöfc fsis`gm ig ic hmrfzøg li cffukustf pirsmgf li X. I.", ug hmrtfpcudfs lic d`g`strm Oirkis, cf p`stmcf li Zfcfh`ms, ugms "hn`pfs"




“ 81? “

m pfgis li dfgl`mhf y luchis igvigigflms, prmhi

ligtis li su dflri y nirdfgfs, ith.Gm afctfrmg gmtfs hød`hfs ig isi dfr li cækr`dfs y sfgkri, y ugf li iccfs is cf s`kuìgti, quipmgi ofstfgti ig r`lähucm fc dfr`shfc.

Ic dfymr prus`fgm, Dfx Qmg Qirsig “ dæs tfrli kigirfc “ qui ig cf kuirrf arfghm-prus`fgf tuvm listfhflf fhtufh`øg, hufglm `gkrisø hmdm fkrikflm fc ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym, ccivfof igtri su riluh`lm iqu`pfbi ugms kcøoucms nmdimpæt`hms. Ic afrdfhàut`hm ig biai lic ibàrh`tm pfrfkufym, Dfstir-dfgg, l`hi ig cf pæk`gf 8?; li su còrm "Xìtiföms li fvigturfs ig ic Zfrfkufy" 2 Fnmrf ic dfym r Q m g Qi rsig tìgi ugf acfquizf pirlm gfo ci,

hrii ig cf nmdimpftäf. \igäf ig ic omcs`ccm ug omt`quäg li isms `gmhigtis kcmouc`ccms, y igvuictf ligtrm li àsti ugf rihitf ig fcidæg, li cf lms`s y dfgirf li usfrcms. Cøpiz, fc vircms, si fsustø, ypritigl`ø lishuor`r ig iccms ugf hmgsp`rfh`øg pfrfftigtfr hmgtrf su v`lf y igvigigfr f sus ma`h`fcis,

hriyiglm qui cms higtigfris li d`cis, hmdm smcäfgccfdfrcms cms g`öms, pmsiäfg rifcdigti cfs tirròcishufc`lflis qui `gl`hfofg cms gmdoris puistms igcms arfsqu`tms. Hmgvmhø `gdil`ftfdigti ug hmgsibm li dàl`hms y cis prikugtø s` ic frsàg`hm, ic fhøg`tm, ith., .gm irfg "vigigms ftrmhis". " Z m r su pu is

tm smg" “ l`bm ugm li iccms “ dìgtrfs ug istridih`dìgtm `g`h`flm pmr ic mo`spm fk`tø tmlm ichärhucm li cms hmgkrikflms. "Zirm “ hmgt`guø mtrm,siöfcfglm lisprih`ft`vfdigti cms kcmouc`ccms “ s`Q. O. hrii qui isms smg vigigm, cms tmd frà tmlmsli ugf viz pfrf prmofr su hmdpcitf `gia `hfh`f" .






“ 81< “

hufgtm supìsi li fquiccf dubir- qui idpizfof f

sfhfrsi cf hfritf y f nfhir hmgmhir sus `gst`gtms airmhis, ci l` bi2 Zuili Ql. nfocfr hmg arfgquizf, sikurm li qui sus rivicfh`mgis quilfræg sipuctflfsig ic pfgtiøg li ug itirgm sihritm5 y iaiht`vfdigti nmy is cf pr`dirf viz qui v`mcm fquiccf prmdisf.

Ic picuquirm si pfrø li su fsìgtm, sfc`ø f cf

fgtisfcf, d`rø ig tmlfs l`rihh`mgis y ugf viz hmgvigh`lm li qui g`gkòg ishuhnf nfoäf, si fprmx`døf dä y ofbfglm cf vmz l`bm2 Gm si lishu`lig Qls.li isf `gkcisf, is ug lidmg`m idomzflm ig trfbi iciægkic5 is ic kig`m lic dfc5 is cf sirpìgti qui digh`mgf cf Oòc`f sfkrflf5 pmr fquàccf si pirl`ø ic kàgirm nudfgm y pmr àstf si vf f pirlir ic Zfrfkufy .Iccf ml`f li du irti f tmlfs cfs pfrfkufyfs y for`kf cf cmhf pritigs`øg li nfhir ix tird`gfr f tmlfscfs siömrfs lihigtis (hmd m cm hmgs`ku `ø, ig krfg pfrti) y nfhir vig`r ugf `gd`krfh`øg li dubiris bøvigis ishmhisfs, pfrf qui sust`tuyfg f fquàccfs y puiocig ic pfäs.

Is gihisfr`m kufrlfrsi li iccf y s` is pmsòci nfhircf lisfpfrihir li cf ishigf smh`fc5 y s` gm cm nfhà`s ccikfræ läf ig qui ccmrfrà`s smori cms ishmdormslic Zfrfkufy, li cf d`sdf d fgirf qui ccmrfof icprmaitf Biridäfs smori cms durms li Birusfcàg.

Ispfgtflf ym fc vir ic fspihtm prmaàt`hm hmg qui

ic picuquirm Hfstæg fhfofof li prmgugh`fr fquiccftirròci sigtigh`f, ixhcfdà2 "Zmr L`ms, dmgsìurHfstæg. Ql. di fsustf hmg su vft`h`g`m5 pirdätfdilih`rci qui di pfrihi ug pmhm ixfkirflf cf fprih`fh`øg qui di nfhi li isf. ix tr fg bi rf 5 f dæs liqui gm di pfrihi ugf dubir tfg s`gìstrf hmdm




“ >19 “

Ql. cf p`gtf5 ym cf ni trftflm vfr`fs vihis y ni

quilflm ighfgtflf li sus dfgirfs gmocis, su trftm fdfoci y sus dmlfcis sufvis y a `gms."Ic picuquirm hmgtistø2 Is virlfl, tìgi fcdäofr

ig cms cfo`ms y fhäofr ig ic hmrfzøg5 pm r liskrfh`fcf hmgmzhm smorflfdigti y gm tidm iqu`vmhfrdi igcms hmghiptms qui fhfom li id`t`r5 dfs vmsmtrfs istæ`s ig ic lirihnm li lfrci ic vfcmr qui ms pcfzhf,y l`hìglm istm si lisp`l`ø, libæglmdi ftmcmglrflfhmg tfg s`gìstrfs rivicfh`mgis.

(Ic picuquirm Hfstæg, qui si su`h`lø lispuàs, istuvm fc sirv`h`m lic dfr`shfc lisli qui fhtuø hmdm`gtirdil`fr`m pfrf sus ricfh`mgis hmg cf Cyghn igZfr äs ) .

Y G I G Q I G I G F L M

Ic picuquirm Nigry

Nigry irf ug bmvig li s`dpæt`hf a `smgmdäf, ligfh`mgfc`lfl arfghisf5 pfrf su liskrfh`f si libøafsh`gfr pmr cms nfcfkms y hfr`h`fs li Ic`sf Cyghn,fhiptø sus kfcfgtiräfs, riprisigtfglm ic rmc li suafvmr`tm, f dfgirf li cm qui suhili hmg cms afvmr`tms li cfs ri`gfs hfpr`hnmsfs.

Ic afvmr`t `sdm li Ic`sf Cyghn gm rihmgmhäf c ä d`tis, puis ic picuquirm Nigry kmzfof li pr`v`cik`ms qui gm tigäf g`gkòg mtrm.

Ic tigäf ugf krfg tìglf li piraudiräf y picuquiräf ig cf hfcci li Ftfbm, isqu`gf li cf hfcci Istriccf, ig huyf hfsf si riugäfg tmlms cms dfkgftis






“ 81; “

qui dflfdf irf hfcvf, qui igkföfof fc dfr`shfc

y f cf smhìlfl nfh`àglmcis hmgsigt`r qui ic a`ht`h`m pi`gflm qui sìdpri mstigtfof irf gfturfc.Ig ic fhtm cm supm Ic`sf5 fsä auà qui hufglm ic

picuquirm si prisigtø ig Cuqui iccf si gikø f rihò`rcm. Nigry hmdprigl`ø ig ic fhtm qui sus afcsms fd`kms ci nfoäfg lihcfrflm y tidocø fc pigsfrig cf prmaugl`lfl lic fo`sdm ig qui cm nfoäf prih`p`tflm su pmhf hmrlurf.

Huftrm läfs pirdfgih`ø ig Cuqui mhupflm ig motigir ugf igtriv`stf hmg su lfdf, hmg ic mobitm liprisigtfrci sus ixhusfs, pirm cms udorfcis li cf hfsf li dflfdf si nfoäfg hirrflm pfrf gm for`rsibfdæs pfrf ic `gamrtugflm afvmr`tm. F cms huftrm

läfs dmgsìur Nigry, rikrisø f cf Fsugh`øg hmg icfcdf ftmrdigtflf y fgkust`flm ic hmrfzøg. Hmdmirf li hmstudori ig cf gmhni li fquic läf si riugìrmg cms l`shäpucms li O`rbfg f ibihutfr cfs pruiofsy c`kirizfs li dfgms li fquic hàciori `gvigtmr licgf`pi, qui f tfgtms d`ccfris li afd`c`fs nmgrflfs

nf sud`lm ig cf d`sir`f y cf prmst`tuh`øg hmg sul`foøc`hm `gvigtm, tfg siluhtmr, fsä f cf buvigtul`gixpirtf qui s`g hmdpriglir ic fhäofr qui mhuctf, si libf afsh`gfr pmr ic lmrflm li cf hmpf quihmgtìgi.

Cf pmc`häf, qui sìdpri si nfoäf dmstrflm `gfpir

hò`lf, ig fquiccf gmhni si dmstrø sivirf hmg cms`garfhtmris lic rikcfdigtm li pmc`häf qui prmnòäfic buikm li igv`ti, pfrt`hucfrdigti hmg ic luiöm lihfsf dmgsìur Nigry, f quìg si rilubm f cf hærhic, nfoìglm tig`lm qui hmdprfr su còirtfl dil`fgti ugf hrih`lf ductf"




Zmhms läfs lispuàs, ic picuquirm rihò`ø ug dig

sfbi lic kigirfc Ofrr`ms p`lìglm ci rid`tìsi ugmspfris li kufgtis pfrf qui ic`kìsi su siömrf5 ic picuquirm tmdø ugf hfbf hmgtigìglm vfr`fs lmhigfsy si cf rid`t`ø5 fòg gm nfoäfg trfgshurr`lm lms nmrfs, hufglm si ci prisigtø ug idpciflm li Flufgf,pri ku gtæ gl mci pm r q`rà ouq ui ci nfoäf ccikflmfquiccf afhturf li kufgtis y f qu`àg nfoäf pfkflm cms lirihnms li `gtirgfh`øg.

Ic picuquirm qu`sm prisigtfr ixhusfs, pirm icidpciflm ci fprid`fof pfrf qui lìsi ugf hmgtistfh`øg hftikør`hf. Nigry si v`m prih`sflm f lihcfrfr qui tmlm ic surt`lm li su tìglf ci vigäf l`rihtfdigti li Ourlims, ofbm hmgs`kgfh`øg li dflfdf

Cyghn, pmr huym hmgluhtm nfhäf àc sus pil`lms,puis qui Ic`sf rihòäf hmg arihuigh`f krfglis afhturfs qui ci vigäfg li Ourlims, huyms gudirmsmsouctms si trfsomrlfofg lisli ic ouqui qui cms hmgluhäf f cf hfsf nfo`tfh`øg li Ic`sf Cyghn, s`g quicms biais y idpciflms li Flufgf y lic _iskufrlm

tuvìsig dæs `gkirigh`f qui hu`lfr li nfhir lisidofrhfr tmlm hmg isdirm y nfhircm hmgluh`r f hfsf li Ic`sf5 àstf gikø ic nihnm y su ix afvmr`tm auàsipuctflm ig hfsfs-dftfs, si ci hfrkø li kr`ccms ysi ci hmga`shfrmg tmlms sus `gtirisis.

@gòt`cis auirmg cfs ri`tirflfs rihcfdfh`mgis ig

tfocflfs l`pcmdæt`hfdigti pmr ic duy l`kgm høgsuc arfghàs siömr Hmhnicitti y søcm hufglm nfoäfgtrfgshurr`lm tris disis motuvm lic supridm qui sicm igtrikfsig, hmg cf hmgl`h`øg li vmcvircm f cf pr`s`øg, cuikm qui si ristfocihìsi cf sfcul qui irfsudfdigti quiorfgtflf5 pirm liskrfh`flfdigti




“ X10 “

yf irf tfrli, sikòg mp`gø ic siömr Dfstirdæg,

quìg cuikm qui cm nuom ixfd`gflm pmr mrlig licsiömr høgsuc, prmgugh`ø ic tr`sti l`fkgøst`hm li istfr igvigigflm. I gtm ghi s smcm hfy ø ig huigtf ic siömr Hminicitti qui si cm nfoäfg igtrikflm ig fquiccfst`dmsm istflm pfrf qui durìsi auirf li cf pr`s`øg y sfcvfrsi fsä li cfs rihcfdfh`mgis uctir`mris.

Ig tmlfs cfs hfsfs li gikmh`ms lic `gamrtugflmafvmr`tm auirmg cfhrflfs cfs puirtfs, y trfscflflmsli gmhni tmlms cms `gtirisis f hfsf li cf `gkcisf,quìg si hmgst`tuyø ig su nirilirf ug `virsf c, smpritixtm qui irf su nfo`c`tflm.

Ic siömr Hminicitti tuvm qui aukfr pfrf sfcvfrsi li cfs pirsihuh`mgis li tmlm kàgirm hmg qui ci

nmst`c`zfofg tfgtm ic d fr`shfc hufgtm su afvm r`tf ,ig hfst`km li nfoir mrligflm f su siömrf qui gmigtrfsi ig g`gkugf hcfsi li ricfh`mgis hmg Ic`sfCyghn.

I C H M _ M G I C Q I G F G H @ M C Ø Z I R

Xupc`h`m y duirti

Ig hmg træg lmsi cfs list`gflfs ig H uru kuf ty,vìrmg ugf tfrli qui lms hfrritmgis t`rflms pmrouiyis, sfcäfg lic puiocm y si l`r`käfg nfh`f @kf-

t`dä, h`rhucfglm `gdil`ftfdigti igtri iccfs cf gmt`h`f li qui ig ugf òf cf dflri lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz y ig mtrf sus lms nirdfgfs vùlfs, _faficf i@gmhigh`f Cøpiz.

Fc d`sdm tìdpm, vìrmg tfdo`àg qui Qigfgh`mCøpiz y mtrms prisms l`st`gku`lms hmdm àc, sikuäfg




“ 8;: “

f pì f cms hfrritmgis f ugf cfrkf l`stfgh`f y hus

tml`flms r`kurmsfdigti.Hmg cms hfst`kms hmrpmrfcis qui nfoäfg rihò`lmlisli Xfg Airgfglm y s`g cf fc`digtfh`øg gihisfr`f, duhnms li iccms fpigfs pmläfg dmvirsi, pfrt`hucfrdigti ic pr`dirm, qui, nfrfpìgtm, lid fhrf

lm y hmg ugf cuigkf ofrof, smcm pmläf fglfr li pì

y dfgms, pfr sirci `dpmsòci nfhircf li pfrflm f

hfusf li cfs ccfkfs uchirflfs qu¡i tigäf ig cfs is

pfclfs, pmr cms fzmtis qui nfoäf rihò`lm y sikuäf

rihòìglm.

Duhnfs siömrfs li cfs list`gflfs qui fòg v`vig,huigtfg qui hufglm Qigfgh`m Cøpiz, nirdfgm licdfr`shfc Cøpiz, auà ccivflm li Hurukufty f @kft`dä,

pfsø pmr cfs mr`ccfs lic hfdpfdigtm ig lmgli iccfssi ighmgtrfofg5 si fkmcpfrmg pfrf virci y vìrmgqui fquic liskrfh`flm, f q``ìg hmgmhìrmg ig su

mpucigh`f, òf civfgtfglm y hmdìglm f su pfsm cfs

hfshfrfs li cfs gfrfgbfs fkr`fµ qui iccfs nfoäfg t`

rflm.

(Còrm h`tflm, pæk. ??;).

X Y Z C @ H @ M P D Y I _ \ I

Æ su nirdfgm Qigfgh`m cm nfhäf acfkicfr l`fr`f

digti nfstf qui si fkusfgfofg sus n ir `l fs 5 hufg

lm isti hfsm ccikfof, cm nfhäf hurfr hmg isdirm pfrf vmcvircm f fzmtfr mtrf viz. Icighfrkflm li tfgarftirgfc lidmstrfh`øg li hfr`öm, irf ic sfrkigtm

dfymr Kfutm, fyulfgti li Ic`sf Cyghn.Ic pfrfkufym @gmhigh`m Hàspilis lisidpiöfof

ic nmgrmsm hfrkm li virlukm pr`vflm lic t`rfgm.




“ 8;6 “

Ic d`sdm nf nihnm ic s`kuìgti ricftm2

" Y g läf di n`zm hmd pfrihir f su prisigh`f icdfr`shfc , l`h`àglmdi2 Xfrkigtm Dytò (s`kgà`hfaf`sæg) 5 hmgluzhf ustil fc rim Qigfgh`m f prisigh`f lic a `shfc, hmrmgic Higtur`øg5 fpcäquici huftrmauirtis sfocfzms fc sfhfrcm li cf pr`s`øg y mtrms huftrm fc vmcv ir f iccf y hu `lfl m ¡ i n

Iaiht`vfdigti, fc sfc`r lic hfcfomzm ic rim, cifpc`quà ug auirti h`gtfrfzm qui ci hfusø krfg smrprisf5 dfs hufglm qu`sm rihcfdfrdi yf ci nfoäffpc`hflm ic sikuglm y tfg airmz auà ic kmcpi quiic sfoci si di pfrt`ø ig lms pilfzms.

Ic rim si quibø fc a `shfc Higtur`øg li d` fro`trfrìlfl. Au` c cfdflm pmr ic Xupridm, quìg lis

puàs li nfoir ighmd`flm d` ixfht`tul ig hudpc`rsus ørligis, di l`m cms lispfhnms li fcaàriz.

_i h`àg rikrisflms li Zf rfk uf rä, f lmgl i gmstrfgspmrtfdms hmg ic ixhcus`vm mobitm li nfocfr hmg

ic fcaàriz ? ' lmg Dfguic Rfrzf, bmvig li afd`c`f`custri y li gmocis sigt`dìgtms, rih`àg ccikflm liHirrm-Hmræ, nfoìglm hustml`flm fc `gam rtu gf lmQigfgh`m hufglm libø li ix`st`r, gms nf riair`lmcm s`kuìgti2

" F c c cikfr fc dmgti ligmd`gflm H n`r`kóicm, ri

hòä mrl ig lic d fr`shfc, li hus tml `fr hmg huftrmnmdoris li d` hmdpföäf fc rim ix hmrmgic Qigfgh`m Cøpiz, hmg ic ispih`fc ighfrkm li nfhircm ccikfrv`vm f Hirrm-Hmræ. \rfofbm di hmstø pirsufl`rdili qui fquic ispihtrm auisi ic nmdori rmoustm yo`zfrrm qui nfoäf hmgmh`lm ig mtrm tìdpm. Gmtfg-




“ 8;? -

lm ic rim ic fsmdorm qui di hfusfof su tr`sti a`ku

rf, si smgr`ø hmg fdfrkurf y di l ` b m 2 " G m hrif Q l .qui smg cfs hruiclflis lic dfr`shfc s`gm cfs lic dfymr Kfutm cfs qui di nfg puistm ig isti istflm."(I c `kgmrfof, sikurfdigti, cfs ørligis ixprisfs

lflfs f àsti m cm lihäf pmr motigir hcidigh`f)." F c igtrikfrdi ic rim di lìrmg tfdo`àg guivi

pilfi`tms li hfrgi, pfrf rfh`mgis li guivi läfs, lioìglm ym y d`s smclflms fc`digtfrgms hmg hmkmccmsli pfcdfs ig hfsm li ighmgtrfr fquic vikitfc igguistrm hfd`gm.

" I c ix hmrmgic pmsiäf pmr òg`hm trfbi ug mrl`gfr`m pmghnm li cfgf y ugms hufgtms k`rmgis li pfömfzuc qui pigläfg li su h`gturf y qui àc lihäf nfoäfg s`lm pfgtfcmgis.

"Gms `gtirgfdms ig ic dmgti pmr ugf väf istrihnf y ishformsf. Qigfgh`m istfof tfg lào`c y ixtiguflm qui fpigfs fglfof mhnm m lìz pfsms y hfäfrigl`lm fc suicm, hmgtròuyiglm tfdo`àg cm risofcfl`zm qui istfof ic suicm f hfusf li ugf hmp`msf ccu

v`f fhmdpföflf li nurfhæg, truigms y rfyms, huyf tmrdigtf si lisfrrmccø fc `gtirgfrgms ig ic omsqui, gm hisfglm li ccmvir nfstf huftrm läfs lispuàsli nfoircm sfcvflm. Istf trfvisäf cf n`h`dms ig ?6läfs 5 cfs bmrgflfs qui nfhäfdms irfg smcm li mhnmm lìz huflrfs pmr läf, lurfgti lmhi läfs, fc a`g li

cms hufcis si di prisigtø ic fcaàriz _fdäriz, igtrikæglmdi ugfs rfh`mgis li hfrgi y ug pmhm li frrmzpfrf qui fc`digtfsi fc rim, rip`t`àglmdi ic ighfrkm lic dfr`shfc li nfhircm ccikfr v`vm.

" F c rih ò `r tfg "d fkg ä a ` hf pr mv `s `øg " , litird`gà flicfgtfrdi hmg ic mobi tm li prip frfr ug




“ 8;8 “

hfch`m qui amrtfcihìsi fc rim, puis nfhäfg tris läfs

qui smcm hmdäf fsirräg li pfcdf, qui irf guistrmfc`digtm. Hmg tfc mobitm, mrligà fc fcaàriz _fdäriz qui ci hustml`fsi dìgtrfs ym di flicfgtfof.

" F c vir Qigfgh`m qui ym di fusigtfof, di d `rø hmg mbms ccmrmsms y di l`bm hmg tr`stizf2

“'"½Di fofglmgf d` f c aàriz=

“ " Z m r ug d mdigtm, ci hmgtistà, y d mstræglmciic ftfl`tm li frrmz, fkrikuà2 vmy f pripfrfrci ugfdfkgäa`hf v`fglf pfrf qui si amrtfcizhf5 àc di hmgtistø igtmghis2

“ " \ i g k m ug sihritm li krfgli `dpmrtfgh`f quihmdug`hfrci. Cm hmdug`hfræ Ql. ig pirsmgf fc dfr`shfc .

"Qfr`fs vihis di nfoäf l`hnm2 D` fcaàriz, sìgtm qui d` ix`stigh`f pigli li ug picm y tidm quiàsti si hmrti ig ic dmdigtm digms pigsflm5 tigkmug sihritm qui hmdug`hfrci, pfrf qui Ql. cm trfgs-cfli f X. I. Pm ci hmgtistfof2 gm puilm, g` quìrmhmgvirsfr hmg Ql. Zmrqui tidäf qui cms smclflms di

licftfsig fc dfr`shfc y qui àsti di dfglfsi cfgh i f r " .

Cf duirti li Qigfgh`m auà riair`lf pmr ug hfom qui fhmd pföfo f f Rfrz f ig cms tàrd `gms s`kuìgtis 2

" I c fcaàriz (_f d äriz) l`m mrlig li d frhnf, ic

rim fgluvm hmdm ugms lìz y si`s pfsms y hfyø5 icfcaàriz ci fpc`hø ug auirti pcfgfzm5 Qigfgh`m trftøli civfgtfrsi, si pusm li pì, qu`sm fglfr, ofdofciø, pirl`ø ic iqu`còr`m y vmcv`ø f hfir5 ic fcaàrizigaurih`lm ci fpc`hø auirtis y ripit`lms kmcpis, trftfglm li hmcmhfrcm li pì, prml`kæglmci tmlm kigi-




“ 8;< “ .

rm li uctrfbis y vìglm qui ic rim gm tigäf auirzfs

pfrf lfr ug pfsm dæs, ci fpc`hø ug airmz kmcpi lia`cm y ic pmori l`focm hmrmgic si dur`ø gm dæs".

\ _ F \ M F C F X N I _ D F G F X

@gmhigh`f y _faficf Cøpiz

\fgtm @gmhigh`f hmdm _faficf istfofg list`g flfs f riprisigtfr ug rmc l`fditrfcdigti mpuistm.

Lispuàs li cf duirti li sus ispmsms Ofrr`ms yOilmyf auirmg puistfs ig pr`s`øg y " a ` s h f c ` z f l f s " .

\mhøci f @gmhigh`f hmgtistfr f cfs `gtirrmkfh`m

gis qui si ci l`r`kìrmg ig cf amrdf s`kuìgti2•“½Hmgmhi ustil f Bmsà Q`hi gti O frr `ms = (Xu

ispmsm) .“Gm cm hmgmzhm.“½Gm nf s`lm ustil hfsflf hmg ic kigirfc Of

rr`ms =

“Gughf ni s`lm hfsflf hmg trf`lmris.L i huyfs r`l`hucfs afrsfs y hmdil`fs kustfof du

hnm ic t`rfgm, pm r cm hufc cf d fglø pm gi r ig còirtfl pmr ug hmrtm t ìdpm.

* #

Gm auà pfrih`lf cf hmgluhtf qui mosirvø _faficf, quìg fc m`r cf `gtirrmkfh`øg qui si ci nfhäf2

“ ½ Hmgmhi ustil f Xfturg`gm Oi lmyf =“Ixtrföm qui si di prikugti s` hmgmzhm f d`

cikät`dm ispmsm, hmgtistø.




“ 8;9 “

•“½Gm sfoi ustil qui su ispmsm is ug trf`lmr f

cf pftr`f y fc kmoìrgm=“Pm gm hmgmzhm dæs qui ug krfg trf`lmr f cfpftr`f.

“½Vu`àg is, hødm si c cfdf=“'Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz.Hmdm irf li ispirfrsi, _faficf tuvm qui smpmr

tfr cms dæs hruicis tmrdigtms, ig hfst`km li nfoirlidmstrflm a`rdizf li hfræhtir.

Ig ic fhtm auà dfglflf hmcmhfr smori huftrm istfhfs y acfkicflf, lispuàs puistf ig ic hipm uru-kufyfgf, flidæs uctrfbflf hmg nihnms y hmg pfcforfs 5 pmr fc`digtm si ci lfof hflf vi`gti y huftrmnmrfs ug pilfzm li kfrrfs li huirm li vfhf hmh`lm 5 pirm gflf auà hfpfz li moc`kfrcf f ritrfhtfrsili cm qui nfoäf l`hnm.

C F O I G L @ H @ Ø G D F \ I _ G F

N`pmhrisäf y hruiclfl

Dæs ixtrfvfkfgti auà fòg cf afrsf qui moc`kø friprisigtfr f su prmp`f dflri ic t`rfgm.

\ris föms nfoäfg trfgshurr`lm s`g qui lmöf Bufgf nuoìsi v`stm f su afdmsm n`bm, hufglm supm qui

si nfoäf trfscflflm li Nudf`tæ f Q`ccitf. Hmdmirf gfturfc, cf dflri qu`sm hudpc`digtfrcm y hmgtfc mobitm rismcv`ø trfscflfrsi f Q`ccitf lisli Zf-t`öm-Huà lmgli iccf ris`läf5 pripfrø krfglis rikfcms y idprigl`ø su v`fbi, dfs, fgtis li ccikfr, igv`ø ug ixprism fc dfr`shfc, nfh`àglmsi fgugh`fr,




“ 8;1 “

Isti, cuikm qui rihò`ø ic fv`sm, dfglø tmhfr f

riug`øg li biais y ma`h`fcis, f quìgis n`zm `gstfcfrig fsfdocif kigirfc, nfh`àglmcis sfoir qui ispirfof cf v`s`tf li ugf siömrf y lisifof qui tmlms prisigh`fsig cf rihiph`øg.

Fòg gm nfoäf trfgshurr`lm dil`f nmrf hufglmsi l`v`sø f cf l`stfgh`f ug hmhni ishmctflm5 ig ic

fhtm ic supridm igv`ø ugf l`putfh`øg, mrligfglmqui pfrfsi ic hmhni nfstf sikuglf mrlig y dfglfglm `gtirrmkfr f cf siömrf2 ½Vu`àg irf, hødm siccfdfof, huæc irf X\ istflm, huægtms n `bms tigäf yhuæc irf ic gmdori li àstms=

Cf dflri qui hmgmhäf fc arutm li sus igtrföfs,hmdprigl`ø tmlm cm s`gìstrm li tfg ixtrfvfkfgti`gtirrmkfh`øg y gm vfh`cø ig hmgtistfr2

•“Vui irf vùlf li Cøpiz y qui gm tigäf dæs qui

ug n`bm qui si ccfd fof Ar fg h`shm X mcfg m C øp iz.Cf mrlig qui si nfoäf lflm fc ma`h`fc, li hmgst`

tu`rcf ig pr`s`øg s` irf qui hmgtistfof qui tigäfh`ghm n`bms, auà dfglflf suspiglir, mrligfglm qui

fvfgzfsi ic hmhni5 y ic dfr`shfc, prmstirgflm li rml`ccfs, hmg cfs dfgms puistfs, rizfglm ic oigl`tm,sikòg hmstudori lic pfäs, rihò`ø cf oigl`h`øg dftirgf .

Fhtms li sidibfgti n`pmhrisäf ci irfg pihuc`fris . Lmg Zilrm Ofrr`ms ria`r`ø f sus nirdfgfs, qui

nfoìglm s`lm h`tflm pmr ic dfr`shfc pfrf ugf hmgairigh`f fd`stmsf, ig ic hufrtic kigirfc li Nudf`-tæ, fc igtrfr f su nfo`tfh`øg cm ighmgtrø frrml`ccflm f cms pìs li ugf `dfkig lic _msfr`m, qui istfof hmcmhflf smori ug fctfr huoìrtm li acmris.

Li istms fhtms li r`l`hucf n`pmhrisäf si vfcäf pf -




“ 8;; “

rf afsh`gfr fc puiocm `kgmrfgti y f ugf krfg pfrti

li puiocm h`v`c`zflm.Isti n`pøhr`tf ibirhäf ig supircft`vm krflm ic frti li cf hmdil`f2 duhnfs vihis fhmgtih`ø qui dfglfof f sus iso`rrms f qui rilubisig f pr`s`øg fhùlflfgms pfs`vms y rispitfocis. Fc s`kuìgti läfsi prisigtfof f cms pr`s`mgirms læglmcis sus ixhusfs pmr nfoir s`lm dmcistflms s`g hmgmh`dìgtm fckugm li àc y dìgtrfs qui hmg cms cfo`ms si lisnfhäf ig lidmstrfh`mgis li a`gizf y hmrtisfgäf, hmgcms mbms ofhäf ugf siöfc f cms iso`rrms, quìgis sifprmx`dfofg f cfs väht`dfs f tmdfrcis cf dil`lfli cf cmgk`tul lic huirpm, cf hufc si trfgsd`täf fcpfv`digtm lic hfdpm, prmhil`àglmsi ig ic fhtm f

hfvfr ugf amsf pfrf sipuctfrcms, huyf mpirfh`øghmghcuäf hmg cf likmccfh`øg li tmlms.

Ic dfymr pcfhir qui ic t`rfgm tigäf irf ic virsfctfr cms huirpms s`g hfoizf y qui hfyisig pmr säd`sdms ligtrm.li cf amsf. Xi l`hi qui pmr cm rikucfr si nfhäf sirv`r ic fcduirzm lurfgti cf likm

ccfh`øg. L`fr`fdigti si ci viäf m`r nfstf tris d`sfsli rml`ccfs, y ugf viz si ci v`m m`r trihi s`g .'fofglmgfr su dmrtà `hfgti pms`h`øg. Istms nihnms gmsnfg s`lm trfgsd`t`lms pmr `ga`g`lfl li pirsmgfs pfrfkufyfs y ixtrfgbirfs, fugqui hmgtrfr`flms pmrmtrfs qui, s`g lulf, si fvirkóàgzfcf li nfoircms sm

pmr tflm . F D M _ A @ C @ F C

Ic dfr`shfc fpfrigtfof fc pr`gh`p`m krfg `gtiràs ig hmgsirvfr v`vf f cf dflri, s`g lulf pfrfnfhircf sfomrifr ic tøs`km qui cf or`glfrf ig lmrf-

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http://dentro.de/



“ 8;> “

lf hmpf. Fsä trftfof li nfhircm igtigl ir, n fhìglm

qui ig tmlms cms pfrtis qui si pfsfofg l`fr`fdigti lic pug tm lmgli p irdfg ihäf cf dflri , ci lìsighuigtf li s` cf siömrf nfoäf pfsflm ouigf gmhni,fdfgih`lm ouigf m ug pmhm tr`sti, tms`lm ig cf gm

hni, ith.

Gm mostfgti su tìrgm fdmr a`c`fc, si riaìri qui

ighmgtræglmsi ugf viz cf siömrf livmrflf pmr icnfdori, d fglø pil`r fc hfp`tæg li kufrl`f ug pm

hm li afr`öf5 àsti si cf prmpmrh `mg ø ofbm d uhnm s`

k`cm, ighfrkfglm fc fcaàriz hmgluhtmr qui gm cm ri

vicfsi f gflì, pirm ic pàra `lm fcaàriz l`m huigtf fc

supridm y ic hfp`tæg auà dfglflm cfghifr ig ic

fhtm .

Istm fhmgtih`ø hufglm cf siömrf dfrhnfof ig su

hfrrm, hærhic fdoucfgti, nirdàt`hfdigti hirrflm y

t`rflm pmr ouiyis, lic qui gm si ci pird `täf sfc`r

g` fòg pfrf cfs gihis`lflis dæs fprid`fgtis li cf

v`lf, y sikòg iccf nf l`hnm lispuàs, irf cf dæs

hruic pr`s`øg, v`àglmsi hmgligflf f v`v`r igbfucf

lf, s`g vir bfdæs f su fcrililmr g`gkòg sidocfgti

fd`km, s`gm iso`rrms qui cf uctrfbfofg li tmlfs df

girfs.

\fdo`àg ria `r `ø, qui cm qui dæs cf ftmrdigtfof

irf ic f`scfdìgtm hmdpcitm ig qui sìdpri cf tuvì

rmg y s`g sfoir s` sus n`bfs v`väfg m nfoäfg libflm

li ix`st`r.

Mtrm tfgtm fhmgtihäf f cfs n ` bf s5 tmlm iccm `gvigtflm pmr Ic `sf Cyghn, hmg ic mo bitm li nfhircfs dm

r`r li nfdori y li pisfludori.

Nfoìglm mhurr`lm ugf viz qui cf siömrf Hfrr`ccm si sigtäf lisafccihir li nfd ori, puis nfhäfg




“ 8;0 “

huftrm läfs qui gm si ci pfsfofg fc`digtms, hmgs`

ku`ø dfglfr ug digsfbi f cf Cyghn, rihmrlæglmcihufgtfs hfr`h`fs nfoäf prml`kflm f sus n`bm s, sup c`hæglmci qui pmr fdmr f iccms, si hmdpflihìsi li

iccf y ci dfglfsi fckm qui hmdir.Cf Cyghn pmr tmlf hmgtistfh`øg ci igv`ø tris df

zmrhfs li d f äz . X`g lulf hriyø cf ishmhisf qui hmg

istm rihmdpigsfof cfs tris d`c mgzfs li mrm siccf

lm , qui cf siömrf ci nfoäf igv`flm li rikfcm hufglm istfof ig Fzhurrf , ic ?< li bug`m , läf lic

hudpciföms li lmöf Bu fg f Hf rr`ccm, l`h`àgløci qui

cfs hmgsirvfsi pfrf sus n`bms, puis gm tigäf dæs ni

rilirms qui iccms5 dìgtrfs qui f cms n` bms li Qi

gfgh`m søcm cis igv`ø ugms vist`lms vìbms, lisni

hnms li Bufg`tf cf n` bf li @gmhigh`f Cøpiz.X`g lulf cf ouigf vìbf hriyø hmgdmvir fsä ic

hmrfzøg li cf `gkcisf y ic li su n ` b m .

F R M \ F L M _ LI CF Z _ M Z @ F D F L _ I

Cf mrlig li aus`cfrcf “ Hruiclfl s`g gmdori

I c läf ?6 li l`hìdori, ic d fr`shfc n`zm aus`cfrf su nirdfgm Oig`kgm, f sus huöflms Xfturg`gmOilmyf, tismrirm li cf Gfh`øg, y fc kigirfc Ofrr`ms.

Xus ispmsfs, _faficf i @gmhigh`f, nirdfgfs lic df

r`shfc, tuvìrmg qui prisigh`fr cf ibihuh`øg.

\fdo`àg ig ic d`sdm läf n`zm aus`cfr fc mo`spmZfcfh`ms, fc ix d`g`strm li _icfh`mgis Ixtir`mris,Bmsà Oirkis, prisoätirm Iukig`m Omkflm, Bmsà Ci`-

ti Ziri`rf, høgsuc pmrtukuàs, hfp`tæg Z`lfgzf, hm-




“ 8>: “

rmgic Zfuc`gm Fcig, pflri Bufg Ofut`stf Rfclumg-

lm, siömrf Buc`fgf @gsaræg li Dfrtägiz, siömr`tfLmcmris _ihfcli, siömr`tf Dirhilis Okusqu`zf.Ic dfr`shfc n`zm hmgdutfr cf pigf li duirti pmr

cf li pr`s`øg f su nirdfgm Qigfgh`m y f sus nirdfgfs @gmhigh`f li Ofrr`ms y _faficf li Oilmyf.

Cf ibihuh`øg lic mo`spm y li vfr`ms sfhirlmtisauà hfusflf pmrqui X. X. Zäm @ ̂ ixhmduckfrf fc

dfr`shfc Cøpiz. Dæs tfrli, o fb m smspihnf qui su

prmp`f dflri, ig hmgg`vigh`f hmg sus n ` bfs _f aficf i @gmhigh`f y su n` bm Q ig fg h`m, qu`sìrfg ig vigigfrcm, dfglø igbu`h`frcfs y fzmtfrcfs oærofrf

digti. Qigf gh`m dur`ø li pr`vfh`mgis y dfctrftfdìgtm y pmr ug nfhnfzm qui rihòìrf ig cf hfoi

zf pmr gm d frhnfr fprisurflfdigti. (Zfrti lic

l`fr`m lic kigirfc @s`lmrm _ isqu äg, tmdflm pmr cms

fc`flms ig cf oftfccf li Cmdfs Qfcigt `gfs) .Ic lmhtmr Istfg`scfm X. Riofccms, pmhms läfs fg

tis li su pfrt`lf f cms Istflms Yg`lms li Fdàr`hf ,f lmgli auirf yf duy igairdm , pfrf hud pc`r hmg

suoc`di fogikfh`øg ugf. d`s`øg li hucturf hìgtäa `hf frkigt`gf, l`bm, nfocfglm li cms fzmtis, qui ic

t`rfgm Ar fg h`shm Xmcfgm C øp iz n`zm fpc`hfr f su

dflri, lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`c cm2" I g d` frhn`vm ix`stig vfc`msäs`dms lmhudigtms,

igtri cms hufcis, tist`dmg`ms li cms d`sdms fhtmris.

Zmsim ugf ricfh`øg qui di n`zm ig 6>>>, ic kigirfcOirgfrl`gm Hfofccirm, ig prisigh`f lic sihritfr`mli cf Cikfh`øg Frkigt`gf ig ic Zfrfkufy, siömrMcikfr`m Fglrfli y ic hmrmgic Xfcvföfh, ig qui

hmgstf qui lurfgti ic hfdpfdigtm lic ibàrh`tm ig

cfs sìrrfs li Dofrfhfyò, ig ic cukfr ccfdflm Zf-




“ ?>6 “

gflirm , si ci prisigtø wg fyulfgti li Cøpiz y ci

p`l`ø, li mrlig lic d`sdm, ug sfrkigtm li tmlf sfhmga`fgzf5 igtmghis ic kigirfc ci igv`ø ugm, kuìg

cf gmhni lic d`sdm l`f vmcv`ø y ci) l`bm2 "Kigirfc,

difof li suhilir ugf krfg liskrfh`f, y qui fcfr

dflm prikugtø smori cm mhurr`lm, hmgtistæglmci ic

sfrkigtm qui ic hmrmgic Fvi`rm nfoäf fzmtflm f cf

dflri lic dfr`shfc, ci nfoäf tmdflm lihcfrfh`øg y

qui àc (ic sfrkigtm) nfoäf pfrt`h`pflm ig ic nihnf .

Ic kigirfc hmgtistø qui s` gm quiräf sir aus`cflm,

kufrlfsi ic dfymr s`cigh`m fc rispihtm .

" I c kigirfc _ mf tfdo`àg ria `r `ø f Hfofccirm quiCøpiz n`zm fzmtfr f su dflri, cf siömrf Hfrr`ccm,

rihòìglm àstf h `ghuigtf fzmtis .

Lispuàs li duhnms suar`dìgtms f qui smdit`ø

f su dflri y nirdfgfs, cfs hmgligø f duirti. Cf

sigtigh`f tigäf qui sir ibihutflf ic Q li dfrzm,

pirm prmv`ligh`fcdigti isf dföfgf auà duirtm icdfr`shfc. Ic kigirfc _isquäg, qui hfyø pr`s`mgirmig isf fhh`øg, igtrikø f ug biai orfs`ciöm cf sigtig

h`f. \fdo`àg ig ug pfrti ma `h `fc si cii2 "Xi ighuigtrfg ig guistrm pmlir cf dflri y nirdfgfs liCøpiz, qui tmlfväf duistrfg siöfcis li siv`h`fs,qui cis irfg `gac`k`lfs pmr mrlig li fquic t`rfgm,i òfg f sir tmlfs ibihutflfs ig ic d`sdm läf ig qui

cf duirti li su airmz pfrìgti cfs v`gm f còrfr".

(Kfstøg li Mrcifgs, hufrtic kigirfc li Q`ccf lic_msfr`m, 6? li dfrzm li 6>;:).

Zmr òct`dm, h`tfrà cf futmr`zflf pfcforf li ugafhuctft `vm2 " C f siömrf (Bufgf Hfrr`c cm li C øp i z ) , pristø f dflfdf (Cyghn) d`c mgzfs li mrmy _faficf sìti d`c mgzfs li mrm f cf d`sdf, y l`-




hàg qui cms rihòms cis auirm g qu`tflms hufgl m istf

ofg frristflfs. Di l` birmg qui is pms`t`vm qui iccfsauirmg sigtigh`flfs f d ui r ti " . (Hfr tf lic lmhtmrKu`ccirdm Xtiwfrt fc lmhtmr Lmd`gkm Zfrml` .Fsugh `øg , ?0 li bug `m li 6>;:.

Ic tigìgti Duömz, qui tigäf ig hustml`f cf df

lri y nirdfgfs lic d fr`shfc y qui rihòìrf mrlig

li cfghifrcfs fc fprmx`dfrsi àc igid`km, si hmglmc`ø

li iccfs y cfs libø hmg v `lf . “ (Xhngi`lir, "Lir

Erìk Lic \ r `p c i F c c ` f g z " , \. @Q, pfk. ?:?).

* #

Lio`lm f ugf rfrf hmghurrigh`f li h`rhugstfg

h`fs amrtu`tfs, si sfcvfrmg li istf lmcmrmsf trfkil`fcms lidæs nirdfgms lic d fr`shfc Cø pi z, huyf ofr ofrì ccikø f hucd`gfr hmg nfoir dfglflm frrfstrfr f àstms f prisigh`fr cf nmrròci `gdmcfh`øg li

sus nirdfgms, ispmsms y huöflms.

• Qigfgh`m , @gmhigh`f y _faficf Cøpiz y dæs tfr

li cf fgh`fgf vùlf lic ix pris`ligti Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz, dflri li àstms y tfdo`àg lic d`sdm df

r`shfc Cøpiz, hmgst`tuyirmg ugf li cfs tfgtfs hfrfvfgfs smdit`lfs f pirikr`gfh`mgis amrzmsfs nfstfcms hmga`gis li cf _ipòoc `hf , ig huy f trfyihtmr`fsuarìrmg suhis`vfdigti dfrt`r`ms `glishr`ptòcis y

ugf cfrkuäs`df väf hruh`s, suhud oìglm, ibihutflmp mr cf ispfclf ic pr `dirm ig Hn`r`kóicm, hirhf li

Hirrm-Hmræ, ic > li aiorirm li 6>10. Cfs tris ristfgtis, hmgligflfs tfdo`àg f duirti lisli duhnmtìdpm ftræs, si sfcvfrmg dil`fgti ic `gispirflmftfqui li cfs auirzfs orfs`ciöfs f Hirrm-Hmræ, ic






“ >>< “

li nfhi rcf a cfki cfr s` `gs`stäf ig sir hmgtudfz ig

gm hmgaisfr su hucpfo`c`lfl ig cf `gtigtmgf li igvigigfdìgtm f cf pirsmgf li Xu Ixhicigh`f, cfsiömrf lispuàs li virtir hmp`msfs cækr`dfs, motuvmlic iso`rrm cf krfh`f li qui vmcvìsi f 'liø`r fc Xu

pridm, qui cf siömrf ci dfglfof) rihmrlfr, qui

iccf irf su dflri, qui cf nfoäf ccivflm ig su, vìg

tri, fc`digtflm hmg sus dfd `cfs, frruccflm ig su

rikfzm, fdflm hmg tirgurf, ith., y qui hødm irf

pmsòci qui cf dfglfsi vfpucifr. F cm qui hmgtis

tø ic lisgfturfc`zflm2 qui àc tmlm cm sfoäf y quigm irf ic n`bm quìg dfglfof fzmtfr f cf dflri,

s`gm cf futmr`lfl, qui dfglf hfst`kfr f ugf dubir

trf`lmrf f cf pftr`f y fc kmoìrgm, y dflri li `rgms

n`bms tfdo`àg trf`lmris y qui irf gihisfr`m qui si

hudpcìsi cf mrlig lflf. L i dfgirf, qui cf `gamr

tugflf dflri y cfs fgkust`flfs n`bfs tuvìrmg qui

ris`kgfrsi fc sfhrà`h`m li cf acfkicfh`øg.

Ic iso`rrm l`m `gdil`ftfdigti pr`gh`p`m f tfghmdpftòci morf, hmg su sfkrflm d`stir`m5 lispci

kfglm tfgtm hicm, qui Hu`t`öm si nforäf sigt`lmfvirkmgzflm li su `gair`mr`lfl5 puis gm søcm cffpc`hfof siglms fzmtis, s`gm qui ci prml`kfof cmsdæs smihis `gsuctms qui pm r su `gdmrfc`lfl gms

fostigidms li hmgs `kgfr . I s li ixtrfö fr qu i ig cfhfrtf l`r`k`lf fc Hmgli L 'I u , gm hmg s`kgi isti p rm

hil`dìgtm mosirvflm hmg cf fgh`fgf dflri lic t`rfgm.Qfr`fs rispitfocis siömrfs fsikurfg nfo ir v`stm

cfs h`hftr`his li cfs nir`lfs li cf siömrf, iaihtm

li cms kusfgms qui si lisfrrmccfrmg ig cfs lispi

lfzflfs hfrgis, pmr ic cæt`km lic virlukm.




“ 8>9

Hmgaisfdms hmg `gkigu`lfl, quà guistrf `dfk`

gfh`øg si fo`sdf fc hmgtidpcfr tfg ria`gflf hruiclfl, tfgtm mprmo`m y tfgtf likrflfh`øg nudfgf5s`gtìglm pmr rispitm f cf nudfg`lfl d`sdf virgms moc`kflms f gfrrfr nihnms qui ic ouig sigt`lm si ris`sti f hriir y guistrf pcudf tfdo`àg flitfccfrcms5 pirm ic lioir li n`stmr`flmris gms hmdpici f hmgs`kgfrcms, fugqui lisifräfdms sipuctfrcms ig ug itirgm s`cigh`m.

X`g tidmr li pfsfr pmr tidirfr`ms, hriidms quicms pu iocm s qui smpmrtfg ic lispmt`sd m, gm vfcigdæs qui sus t`rfgms, y nfhìglm usm lic pigsfdìgtm lic `gdmrtfc Hnftifuor`fgl, l`ridms2 qui pfrihi qui ix`stäf igtri ic puiocm pfrfkufym y su t`

rfgm ug ispfgtmsm hmgvig`m, àstms pfrf ftrivirsi ftmlm, fquàccms pfrf smpmrtfrcm tmlm.

(Hfrtfs puoc`hflfs).







X M O _ I I C D F _ @ X H F C C M Z I R

Hfrtf lic prisoätirm Dfäz f Lmg Dfr`fgm C. Mccirms

Frrmyms y Istirms, Xiptìdori 6? li 60:9.

Xiömr D. C. Mccirms.

Fsugh`øg.

Duy siömr däm2

Di is li sudf sft`safhh`øg qui Ql., s`g hmgmhirdi fòg pirsmgfcdigti, nfyf tig`lm cf arfgquizfli l`r`k`rdi su ftigtf y duy ist`dfoci hfrtf, aihnf ?6 lic pplm. dis, qui rih`àg nmy, f d` vuictfli cf Idomshflf, lmgli auirf pfrf cf a ìstf pftrmgfc li fquic puiocm, tuvi ic pcfhir li rihò`r yciircf.

Zrøx`dm f d` vig`lf li cf Fsugh`øg di nfocø,hìrtfdigti, guistrm hmdòg fd`km ic siömr Kustfvm Xmsf Ishfcflf, lic prmpøs`tm li Ql., hmg riairigh`f tfdo`àg lic amccitm qui dflfdf Cyghn lì

rf f cuz smori suhisms li cf pfsflf kuirrf. Dfgàistà igtmghis fc fd`km, qui, `kgmrfgti hmdm irf litfc amccitm, lisifräf pmlircm vir fgtis li igtiglirdi hmg Ql., f a `g li dibmr sft`safhir, s` pmsòci diauirf, sus lisims.

Is fsä qui di v`gi5 y fnmrf fprisurødi ig hmg-




“ § > > “

tistfrci su hfrtf, p`l`àglmci lisli yf l`shucpf lic

ritfrlm y cfs lia`hìgh`fs li cf prisigti.Hrim, fgti tml m, lioir hmghritfrdi fc pu gtm F ,

qui si riaìri f cf ispihì qui ustil tìgi, hmdmprmvigìgti li dä, li cf rihmdiglfh`øg qui, ig suspmstrirms dmdigtms, n`zm lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m f sun`bm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm, qui òf cuikm f suhilirci ig

ic dfglm lic pfäs. Gm tigkm pmr quà isqu`vfrdili ricftfr fquic nihnm, tfc hmdm ig rifc`lfl marih`øsi.

Ig cf gmhni lic 60 li siptìdori li 6>1?, hmdmf cfs ? y 8: f. d., au` ccfdflm lic Xid`gfr`m Hmgh`c`fr pmr ug fyulfgti lic kigirfc Cøpiz, pirm lipfrti li lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m, pfrf pristfrci cms fux`c`ms isp`r`tufcis.

Ic igairdm si nfoäf yf rihmgh`c`flm sfhrfdig-tfcdigti hmg mtrm sfhirlmti, qui auà ic Liæg lmg\imlmrm Ishmofr 5 gm au` , puis, pflri isp`r`tufc,

hmdm ustil di l`hi, pirm sä quìg ci fs`st`ø isp`r`-tufcdigti hmg cms hmgsuicms li cf ric`k`øg ig cms

dmdigtms òct`dms li su ix`stigh`f dmrtfc.'Hufglm nuoi tird`gflm li fld`g`strfrci cf Ix

tridf Ygh`øg y fpc`hælmci cf `gluckigh`f pcigf-r`f prm-frtähucm dmrt`s, ic nmd ori quilø trfgq u`cm,y auà igtmghis qui si l`r`k`ø f su n`bm Arfgh`shmXmcfgm, prisigti yf fccä, gm qui ci cuhìsi ccfd fr ic

pflri ig isi `gstfgti, y ci l ` b m 2 " N f y duhnfs huist`mgis piglìgtis f vigt`cfrsi5 pirm gm trfti Ql. lirismcvircfs hmg cf ispflf s`gm hmg cf pcudf, pr`gh`

pfcdigti hmg ic Orfs`c."

Cfs pfcforfs suorfyflfs cfs prmgugh`ø hmg ugisauirzm li fhigtufh`øg. Gm n`zm digh`øg ixpcäi`-




“ 8>0 “

tf li cf Frkigt`gf, g` li mtrf gfh`øg, søcm ispih`f

c`zø fc O rfs `c. \f d pm hm l `bm qui cfs huist`mgis frismcvirsi, irfg li cäd`tis5 nf ocø li iccfs ig sigt`lm `glitird`gflm.

Ic kigirfc kufrlø iaiht`vfdigti s`cigh`m, gflfrispmgl`ø fc pflri, qui, ig hufgtm fhfoø li nfocfrci, kufrlø tfdo`àg s`cigh`m, y dmdigtms lis

puàs igtrø yf ig dmv`dìgtms cividigti hmgvucsms, prihursmris `gdil`ftms lic lisigcfhi aftfc licf v`lf. Gm tfrlø ig ixnfcfr su òct`dm susp`rm.

Pm di rit`rà li fccä, ighfrkflm pmr ic kigirfc lipripfrfr cm gihisfr`m pfrf cms augirfcis lic ixt`gtm, qui tfdo`àg di hupm hiciorfrcms.

Libm fc hr`tir`m li Ql. cms hmdigtfr`ms f qui puilf pristfrsi fquiccf rihmdiglfh`øg lic pflri fcn` bm , ig nmrf tfg supridf5 iccf, s`g lulf, igtrföfof prmauglm fchfghi pmcät`hm y priv`smr.

Gm tigkm lftms li "isfs hmdug`hfh`mgis `gàl`tfsl`r`k`lfs f lmg Cmrigzm \mrris, y qui ci pird`tigf Ql. hriir qui ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz tigäf yf risuic

tf cf kuirrf hmgtrf ic Orfs`c duhnms föms fgtis liistfccfr"5 y fbigm, puis, li tfcis lmhudigtms, gmdi is lflm amrdfr bu`h`m fc rispihtm.

Di fostigkm tfdo`àg li trfluh`r m `gtirpritfrig ic sigt`lm prih`sm li "ugf tæh`tf hmgais`øg liprmpøs`tms hmgtrfr`ms, ic s`cigh`m qui kufrlø ic au

turm dfr`shfc hufglm ic pflri ci n`zm l`hnf rihmdiglfh`øg". Ig fquic trfghi lih`s`vm li cf v`lf,gm nuom, pmr hìrtm, cukfr f rispuistf fckugf.

Zirm pfsidms f mtrms pugtms.D`s hmgmh`dìgtms rispihtm f cfs morfs li lmg

Bufg O. Fcoirl` smg duy c`d`tflms5 gm cfs ni ciä-




“ 80: “

lm tmlfs, li dfgirf f pmlir fprih`fr lio`lfdigti

f tfg `custri puoc`h`stf ig su vfstäs`df y hmdpcibffhtufh`øg pmcät`hf.Di l`hi Ql. qui "lisli nfhi ug dis si nfccf

idpiöflm ig istul`fr f amglm isfs morfs, ig hufgtm si riaìrig fc Zfrfkufy y f cf kuirrf li cf \r`p ci F c `f g zf " . C m ai c `h ` tm 5 y ½siræ Q l . ofstfgtifdfoci ig nfhirdi pfrtäh`pi lic arutm li sus istul`ms=

Di l`hi tfdo`àg qui dflfdf Cyghn fa `rdf igsu amccitm lic föm 6>;9, qui "duhnäs`dms hrädigisauirmg hmgsudflms s`g hmgmh`dìgtm lic dfr`shfc,pmr pirsmgfs `gtirisflfs ig igsfgkrigtfr y lisfhril`tfr cf hfusf pfrfkufyf" .

Xidibfgti fsivirfh`øg gm di is ixtrföf, lisliqui trftfof fquiccf siömrf li v`gl`hfr fc pflri lisus n`bms5 g` is li fld`rfrsi qui si nuoìsig hmdit `lm, ig ic hursm li tfg cfrkf y lisispirflf kuirrf,fckugms hrädigis auirf lic fchfghi m hmgmh`dìgtmlic dfr`shfc, pirm lih`r, "qui cms hfsms li cf si

ömr`tf Kfrdigl`f, siömrf li Dfrhø, Oig`kgm Cøpiz, y cms fzmtis lflms f cfs nirdfgfs lic dfr`shfc,si nfg hmgsudflm s`g su mrlig m hmgsigt`dìgtm",is li tmlm pugtm `gsmstigòci.

Ofstfræ rihmrlfr qui cf bmvig Kfrdigl`f auàtrfälf prisf, lisli su hmga`gfdìgtm ig Ispfläg,

fc hfdpfdigtm li @tfgfræ, ig @kft`dä. L`m ic hfsm, qui fc igtrfr fccä ighmgtrøsi hmg ic dfr`shfc, yàsti cf `gv`tø f qui ccikfsi f lishfgsfr ig cf hfsfqui nfo`tfof. Dflfdf Cyghn cf mosiqu`ø f higfrhmg iccf5 lispuàs auà ccivflf f cf dfymräf ig tfchmgl`h`øg,




“ 806 “

Li @tægfræ ic ibàrh`tm pfsø f ug cukfr ccfdflm

Frrmym-kufzò5 y fcc ä cf liskrfh`flf Zfghnf auàv`ht `dflf f cfgzf. . . Fc c ä tfdo`àg auà fzmtflf lmöf _faficf, nirdfgf lic dfr`shfc . . . Dæs flicfgtiauà tfdo`àg hfst`kflf lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm, dflril ic d f r ` s h f c . . .

½@kgmrfof istms hrädigis li vigkfgzf y hruiclf

lis ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz= P s` auirmg hmgsudflms s`gsu hmgmh`dìgtm ½pmr quà gm hfst`kø f tfcis ibihutmris, qui cms tigäf f su cf lm =

_ispihtm f cms hfst`kms li cf dflri, pmhm afctøpfrf qui ym auisi väht`df li cf `rf lic dfr`shfc.Dmv`lm pmr ug `dpucsm li nudfg`lfl, di fvigturà f rmkfrci pfrf qui n`hìsi vfcir ic sigt`dìgtma`c`fc f afvmr li iccf, y usfglm li cf sudf lic pmlir qui `gvistäf, cf pirlmgfsi s`g smditircf f cffhh`øg li cf bust`h`f hr`d`gfc f hfrkm li ug tròugfc d`c`tfr.

Nuom ugf riug`øg li kigirfcis, biais y hfpiccfgis, `ghcusm ic Q`hipris`ligti Xr. Xæghniz, smori ic

hfsm pmr dä prmpuistm5 y ic risuctflm, s`kuìglm icpfrihir s`gkucfr li ug smcm biai, auà ic smdit`dìgtm li cf dflri pmr mrlig lic n`bm f rispmgl ir fgtifquic tròugfc, quilfglm lisli igtmghis prisf `ghmdug`hfoci. Ig ic hursm li cf hfusf gm ugf vizauà h f s t` k f l f . . . Cf rfzøg lic pfrihir siku`lm irf,

"pfrf qui bfdæs si l`kf qui cf hfrgi y cf sfgkrinfg lio`c`tflm m tmrh`lm cf riht`tul li bust`h`f igic dfr`shfc" .

Zälmci mtrf viz, X`*. Mccirms, l`shucpi li afctfs igistf hmgtistfh`øg5 gm ftròuyiglm fckugf l`virkig-




“ 80? “

h`f li v`stf, f mpms`h`øg li `lifs hmg su gmoci y pf

tr`øt`hm prmpøs`tm, qui, L`ms dil`fgti, tiglræ aic`zrisuctflm5 y fprmvihnfglm istf pr`dirf mhfs`øg,krftm di is sfculfrci ftigtfdigti y sushrò`rdi liQl.“digmr X. X.

A. Dfäz.




V Y @ G \ F Z F _ \ I

BY@H@MX QF_@MX

@.“LIH_I\MX LIC KMO@I_GM Z_MQ@XM_@M

Xmori cf pirsmgf y oìgis li Cøpiz y

igbu`h`fdìgtm li Cyghn

F.“Lihritm lic 6; li Fkmstm li 6>10 qui pmgi fc Dfr`shfc

Cøpiz auirf li cf ciy.

O.“@lig` lic -60 li Dfrzm li 6>;: smori idofrkm li sus

oìgis.

3C “ äli d lic < li Dfym li 6>;:, flbul`hæglmcms f cf gfh`øg

y idofrkm li cms li cf Cyghn y su igbu`h`fdìgtm.

L.“Q`stf lic a`shfc kigirfc lmg Bufg Bmsà Lihmul.

(_ik `strm Ma`h`fc li cf _. lic Zfrfkufy)

6>10 -6>;9

( A . ??6 f ???).

Ic Kmoìrgm Zrmv`smr`m li cf _ipòoc`hf,

H M G X @ L I _ F G L M 2

Vui cf prisigh`f li Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz ig

ic suicm pfrfkufym is ug sfgkrìgtm sfrhfsdm f cf

h`v`c`zfh`øg y pftr`mt`sdm li cms pfrfkufyms5

Vui isti dmgstrum li `dpìlfl nf pirturoflm




“ 80< “ .

ic mrlig y fg`qu`cflm guistrf pftr`f hmg cms hrä

digis, oföæglmcf li sfgkri y ftigtflm hmgtrf tmlfs cfs ciyis l`v`gfs y nudfgfs, hmg ispfgtm y nmrrmr, ixhilìglm f cms dfymris t`rfgms y oærofrmsli qui nfhi digh`øg cf n`stmr`f li tmlms cms tìdpms y ilflis, nf fhmrlflm, y

F rtäh uc m 6'= “ I c lisgfturfc`zflm pfr fku fymArfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz, quilf auirf li cf ciy yfrrmbflm pfrf sìdpri lic suicm pfrfkufym hmdmfsis`gm li su pftr`f y igid`km lic kàgirm nudfgm.

F r t . ?º “ Zuocäquisi pmr ofglm i `gsàrtisi igic _ik`strm Gfh`mgfc.

Lflm ig ic Zfcfh`m f lìz y sìti läfs lic disli fkmstm lic föm d`c mhnmhìgtms sisigtf y guivi.Föm pr`dirm li cf còirtfl li cf _ipòoc`hf licZfrfkufy.

Fprmoflm pmr ic Hmgkrism Cik`scft`vm li cf Gfh`øg ig su sis`øg lic trihi li buc`m lic föm d`cmhnmhìgtms sitigtf y ugm, ig cf hùlfl li Fsug

h`øg, hfp`tfc li cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy.

L I H _ I \ F 2

H @ _ @ C M F . _ @ Q F _ M C F

Hfrcms Cm`zfkf

B`msà Läfz li Oilmyf

Bmsà D. Hmccfr

(Zris`ligti lic Xigflm).

N`k`g`m Yöfrti(Zris`ligti li cf

M. li L.L.

Fkustäg Hipp`

(Xihritfr`m).

Bmsà \. Xmsf

(Xihritfr`m) .




“ 809 “

Fsugh`øg, buc`m 6: li 6>;6.

Hòdpcfsi y làsi fc _ik`strm Ma`h`fc.

H`_@LM F . _cQF_MCF

Bmsà X. Lihmul

Bufg O. K`cä

( A . 18 f 1< ) .

Dfrzm 60 li 6>;:.

Ic Kmoìrgm Zrmv`smr`m li cf _ipòoc`hf,


Vui is lioir li tmlm kmoìrgm hu`lfr y hmgsirvfr cms `gtirisis pòoc`hms, hmdm is tfdo`àg kfrfgt`r cfs prmpìlflis pfrt`hucfris, hmgs`lirfglm pmrmtrm cflm qui is li gmtmr`f puoc`h`lfl qui lmgHfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz gm tigäf hufglm si hmcmhøig ic pmlir dæs oìgis hmgmh`lms qui cms rihò`lmspmr nirigh`f li su ispmsf lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm5

Vui is tfdo`àg li `kufc gmtmrìlfl cfs usur

pfh`mgis ofbm l`virsms tätucms hmg qui si nfg lflmcf hmcmsfc amrtugf, tfgtm àc hmdm tmlf su afd`c`fig digmshfom li cms `gtirisis pòoc`hms y pr`vflms, lurfgti ic cfrkm pirämlm li su fld`g`strfh`øgl`htftmr`fc 5

Vui lispuàs lic a`gfdìgtm li isti, su n`bm y

nirilirm lic pmlir Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz hmgt`guø ic d`sdm s`stidf, l`spmgìglm l`shrih`mgfcdig-

ti li cms amglms pòoc`hms y a`frtw`fs pfrt`hucfris,

sìglm f cf viz hìrtm qui gm tigäf dæs nirigh`fqui cf qui ci auà cikflf pmr lmg Cæzfrm _mbfsf su duirti5




“ 801 “

Vui pflri i n`bm, lurfgti cms vi`gti y mhnm föms

lic pmlir ig qui istuvìrmg, auirmg cms täg`hms ixpcmtflmris li tmlf hcfsi li `glustr`fs y hmdirh`m licpuiocm pfrfkufym, `ghcus`vi cms n`bms lic pr`dirm,nirdfgms, huöflms y hmghuo`gf lic sikuglm5

Vui pmr hmgsihuigh`f istms `gtirisis li cms quinmy fpfrihig hmdm prmpìtfr`ms, ic a`gflm lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cøpiz, su ispmsf lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`ccm,ic t `rfgm Arfg h`shm Xmcfgm, Qi gf gh`m , Oig `kgm,@gmhigh`f y _faficf Cøpiz, ic kigirfc Q`higti Ofrr`ms y cf dubir Ic`sf Cyghn, hmghuo`gf y hødpc`hi lic trf`lmr hr`d`gfc Xmcfgm Cøpiz, sìglm,hmdm is l`hnfs prmpìlflis li mr`kig ofstfrlm i

`cikät`dm, fhuirlf y

L I H _ I \ F

Frtähucm 6= “ \mlms cms oìgis li hufcquìrfhcfsi y lmd`gfh`øg q*ui sifg hmgmh`lms hmdm prmpìlfl li cms h`tflms frròf, quilfg idofrkflmsy faihtms f cms bustms rihcfdms a`shfcis y pfrt`hu

cfris lfdgà`hflms, pfrf su lio`lm tìdpm.(X`kuig mtrms frt ähucms) .

H @ _ @ C M F . _ @ Q F _ M C F

Hfrcms Cmzf`kf.

(A . ?6: f ?6?) .

Ic Kmoìrgm Zrmv`smr`m li cf _ipòoc`hf,\igìglm ig v`stf cf d`s`øg trfshigligtfc qui,

fgti ic pfäs y ic duglm, ci `dpmgig fctfs hmgs`lirfh`mgis li dmrfc`lfl y li mrlig pòocìm, fsä hmdmcf gftu rfcizf y d fkg `tul li cms. `gtirisis li quiistæ ighfrkflm, y2





Vmì istf d`s`øg hmgs`sti ig pfrti pr`gh`pfcdigtiig fsikurfr y ig nfhir præht`hfs cfs rispmgsfo`c`lflis qui faihtfg cms oìgis qui fpfrihäfg hmdmli prmpìlfl lic t `rfgm Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz,

idfgflms li cms fhtms vfglæc`hms, fsis`gftms y usurpfh`mgis qui àsti ir`k`ø ig s`stidf hmg gmtfoci `g

sfg`f, ig ic òct`dm pirämlm li su, lmd`gfh`øg5

Hmgs `lirfglm qui li isms fsis`gftms y usurpf

h`mgis gm søcm nfg s`lm ocfghm cfs pirsmgfs y cms

`gtirisis li gudirmsms pfrt`hucfris, tfgtm hùlf

lfgms pfrfkufyms hmdm ixtrfgbirms, s`gm tfdo`àgcf d/`sdf Gfh`øg nf s`lm lisp`mbflf, li vfc`msäs`dms

oìgis hmg pritixtms afcsms, r`l`hucms i `gvirmsä

d`cis5

Hmgs `lirfglm qui tmlms isms lispmbis pfsfrmg

lic pmlir lic a`shm y li cms hùlflfgms pmr fhtms

li `gsfgfoci guc`lfl f dfgms li Ic`sf Cyghn, quifc cflm lic t`rfgm lisidpiöfof cms rmcis dæs hr`

d`gfcis i `d/pugis qui cf hmgst`tuäfg ig ug pf

lrøg li `kgmd`g`f y li ishæglfcms pòoc`hms, cm hufc

is li ixtigsf gmtmrìlfl, y istæ ig cf hmghìgh`fug`virsfc li prmp`ms y ixtrföms5

Hmgs`lirfglm qui is li `kufc afdf y gmtmrìlfl qui cf digh`mgflf Cyghn ibirh`ø ig ic æg`dmlic t`rfgm ugf `gacuigh`f pirdfgigti y lih`s`vf, fpugtm li nfoir s`lm gm smcfdigti su hmgsibirfägt`df, s`gm tfdo`àg cf afhtmrf pr`gh`pfc li vfr`msfhtms pòoc`hms, tfcis hmdm li riv`stfr, prmhcfdfr




“ 80> “

cfs trmpfs l`stròuyàglmcis hmglihmrfh`mgis y mtrms

prid`ms5

Vui `kufcdigti is li cf dæs cftf gmtmrìlfl

qui su pirg`h`msf i `gdigsf `gacuigh`f auà hr`d`

gfcdigti puistf fc sirv`h`m li cms `gtirisis ikmästfs

li isf dubir qui, ig su `gsfh`foci sil li r`qui

zfs, si nfhäf ishr`turfr pmr dfglftm lisfutmr`zflm

lic t`rfgm, vfc`msäs`dfs tìrrfs lic tirr`tmr`m gfh`mgfc, hmdm smg cms vfc`msäs`dms yirofcis lic Pkf-

t`dä y li mtrms pugtms, frrfghfglm li istf hfp`tfc,

pritiglìglm pr`vfr fsä fc a`shm li sus dæs p`gkóis

auigtis li r`quizf5

Vui isms sfctifdìgtms f cf amrtugf li cf Gfh`øg

irfg prihil`lms y siku`lms li mtrfs usurpfh`mgisli duhnms hùlflfgms y ixtrfgbirms, dfg`morfglm

ig siku`lf li dmlm qui cms lispmbflms pirihìsig

ig cms tmrdigtms li cms hfcfomzms y idprisfs oàc`

hfs hmgmh`lfdigti tidirfr`fs, hmg ic prmpøs`tm ftrmz

li qui si ixt`gkuìsig tmtfcdigti cms qui ig cf

uctir`mr`lfl pulìsig rihcfdfr li tfdföms ftigtflms5

Vui tfcis fhtms hmgst`tuyig f cf prih`tflf Cyghn

ig prmtfkmg`stf y ig hødpc`hi mtrfs, ig ic lrfdf

sfgkrìgtm qui hmgsudø ic t`rfgm, pr`gh`pfcdigti

ig ic òct`dm pirämlm li cm qui àc ccfdø cf liaigsf

lic pfäs5¡Vui tmlms cms fhtms li isi pirämlm li tr`sti rihmr

lfh`øg auirmg l`htflms pmr cms dæs airmhis y sfg-

ku`gfr`ms `gst`gtms5 hmgsudfglm ic hfs` tmtfc fg`

qu`cfdìgtm lic puiocm pfrfkufym f `dpucsms li

cms tmrdi r`tms, mrf li fzmtis, mrf li cfghifdìgtms




ig dfsø, mrf lic nfdori, ith., y lispmbæglmcm ig

siku`lf li su amrtugf pr`vflf pfrf rikfcfrcf f cf

ixprisflf Cyghn5

Vui fpfrti li cf a cfkrfgti guc`lfl i `cikfc`lfl

qui igtrföfg isfs flbul`hfh`mgis, ix`sti ug `gtiràs li cf dæs fctf dmrfc`lfl y hmgvigìgh`f kigirfc ig `dpil`r qui sidibfgtis fhtms li vfglfc`sdm

quilig suos`stigtis ig sä d`sdms y ig tmlfs susfomd`gfocis hmgsihuigh`fs, s`rvìglm li omtäg f

Ic`sf Cyghn cf amrtugf pòoc`hf y pr`vflf, f cf afz

lic puiocm qui tfg ia`hfzdigti hmgtròuyø f su

dirk`r ig ic fo`sdm li cms dæs tridiglms `gamr

tug`ms5

Vui cf tuticf y hmgsirvfh`øg li isms vfc`msms`gtirisis istæ v`ghucflm f ug pfcp`tfgti `gtiràsgfh`mgfc, lisli qui hmg iccf pmlræ cf Gfh`øg `g

lidg`zfr ig pfrti cms lföms y pir bu`h `ms y usurpfh`mgis qui si ci nfg nihnm f pritixtm li dfgtigir cf kuirrf 5

Hmgs`lirfglm, a `gfcdigti, qui gm nfccfräf ic

kmoìrgm l`shucpf fgti ic puiocm pfrfkufym, fgtiic duglm h`v`c`zflm y fgti cf n`stmr`f s` ig pri sigh`f li cf dmrfc uctrfbflf pmr tfgtms hrädigisy mtrfs ishfglfcmsfs ixpmc`fh`mgis, pirdfgihìrfdulm i `dpfsòci, s`g lfr ug pfsm s`quìrf pfrfri`v`gl`hfr isms sfkrflms lirihnms tfg `gafdidig

ti nmccflms, hmdm tfg liscifcdigti frrioftflms pmr

duct`pc`hflms fo`msms li ug df`vløg `rrispmgsfoci

y li ugf dubir flòctirf, nf fhmrlflm y




L I H _ I \ F

Frtähucm 6= “ Cms oìgis qui fpfrihäfg pirtigihir fc t`rfgm lic Zfrfkufy, Arfgh`shm XmcfgmCøpiz, si lihcfrfg prmpìlfl li cf Gfh`øg.

Frt. ?= “ Cms oìgis qui nfg s`lm flbul`hflms,ofbm hufcquìr rfzøg m pritixtm f Ic`sf Cyghnpmr ic t`rfgm y f cms qui àstf ccfdfof suyms, liprihiligh`f fgtir`mr f istfs lmgfh`mgis m flbul`hfh`mgis, si lihcfrfg prmv`smr`fdigti idofrkflmspfrf qui smori iccms puilfg, ig tmlm tìdpm, nfhirsi iaiht`vfs cfs rispmgsfo`c`lflis h`v`cis m hr`d`gfcis f qui lig cukfr cfs fhh`mgis pòoc`hfs m pr`

vflfs qui f su rispihtm si liluzhfg.Frt. 8= “ Xi prmhiliræ f gmdorfr ug fld`g`s

trflmr kigirfc pfrf ic hu`lflm y amdigtm li tmlms isms oìgis.

Frt. <= “ Xi prmhiliræ fc igbu`h`fdìgtm lf cfccfdflf Ic`sf Cyghn, gmtà `hæglmsi ic prisigti li

hritm pfrf qui pmr sä m pmr fpmlirflm si prisigtif rispmglir ig bu`h`m, hmdigzæglmsi lisli cuikmf `gstru`r ic sudfr`m hmrrispmglìgti, f a`g li quigm si lisvfgizhfg fckugfs li cfs nuiccfs li cmslic`tms qui cf hmghìgh`f pòoc`hf nfhi pisfr smoricf pirsmgfc`lfl li cf Cyghn.

Ært. 9= •“• Xi gmdorfræ ug fomkflm fl-nmh pfrfqui l`r`bf cfs kist`mgis lic prmhism y pfrf nfhircf liaigsf prmais`mgfc, hmgtrf hufcquìr kist`øgfhirhf li cms prih`tflms oìgis.

Frt. 1= “ Zuocäquisi, pfsfglm- hmp`f futmr`zflffc a`shfc kigirfc, y frhnävisi.




“ <Ø6 “

Lflm ig cf Fsugh`øg, f cms huftrm läfs lic dis

li dfym li d`c mhnmhìgtms sitigtf.HcI@C`M F . _rQFOMCF.

Hfrcms Cm`zfkf

Bmsà Läfz li Oilmyf

Fprmoflm pmr ic Hmgkrism Cik`scft`hm li cf Gf

h`øg f cms si`s läfs lic dif li buc`m li d`c mhnmhìgtms sitigtf y ugm, ig cf hùlfl li Fsugh`øg,hfp`tfc li cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy.

N`k`g`m \Br`frti • Bufg C. Hmrvfcæg

(Zris`ligti li cf (Zris`ligti lic Xi gf lm ).M. li L.L.)

_fdøg Oicc Fkustäg H. Hipp`

(Xihritfr`m). (Xihritfr`m).

Hòdpcfsi, y làsi fc _ik`strm Ma`h`fc.H @ _ @ C M F . _ @ Q F _ M C F

Bmsà X. Liimul

Istfs y mtrfs dil`lfs auirmg tmdflfs pfrf sfcvfkufrlfr cms `gtirisis pòoc`hms y pr`vflms quiistuvìrmg smdit`lms lurfgti tfgtm tìdpm f cfvmcugtfl mdgädmlf lic dfr`shfc Cøpiz.

Cf vfc`liz li tfcis mpirfh`mgis nf s`lm istul`flf ig ic cud`gmsm `gamrdi lic lmhtmr Ruo`zf-

rritf.Gm hmgvigh`lms cms suhismris li cf Cyghn li cfpiraihtf guc`lfl li sus lirihnms f tìrrfs qui rihmgmhig ic d`sdm mr`kig ig cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy, si nfg prisigtflm ugf viz dæs f cms tròugfcis hmg ic prmpøs`tm li nfhircms vfcir5 pirm ig




“ <:? “

istf mpmrtug`lfl si istriccfrmg hmg ugf mp`g`øg

lih`l`lf, hmdpcitfdigti flvirsf f sus pritigs`mgis.Cik`scfturf, \ròugfcis, Hfgh`cciräf, mp`g`øg pò

oc`hf y prmais`mgfc, tmlms, fosmcutfdigti tmlms cis

auirmg hmgtrfr`ms.

F prmpøs`tm li ugf li isfs kist`mgis rifc`zflfspmr lmg Arfg h`shm Hmrli rm, lurfgti cf fld`g`s

trfh`øg lic kigirfc Ishmofr, si huigtf qui fckuìg`gtirisflm ig cf suirti lic siömr Hmrlirm y quirìglm vighir cf `gvighòci ris`stigh`f lic p r i s`ligti, fpugtø cf ivigtufc`lfl li ugf pmsòci `g

tirvigh`øg l`pcmdæt`hf, f cm qui ripc`hø ic kigirfcqui li hufcquìr dmlm istfof risuictm f cuhnfr hmg

ic hmrlirm y tmlf cf dfbflf .

(Lic còrm Cfs tìrrfs li Dflfd f Cyghn,

pmr Fglràs Dmshfrlf).

I g cf irf hmgst`tuh`mgfc ic hmgkrism cik`scft`vmpfrfkufym hmga`rdø ic lihritm lic kmoìrgm prm

v`smr`m li cf aihnf 6; li fkmstm yf trfgshr`ptm. Ig

cf Hædfrf ] li L`putflms, s`g g`gk ug f mpms`h`øg,ig cf sis`øg lic 9 li bu c `m li 6>;6, pmr dfymräfli sus dìdorms fs`stigtis2 Lfgìc @turouru, Id`

c`m K`cä, Xfcvflmr O`vfrmcf, Bufg O. Kmgzæciz, Bmsà

L. Krfgflm, Dic`tøg Hmor`zf, Bmsà \Brlfp`ccitf,

Fglràs \Brlfp`ccitf, Nirdøkigis D`ctms, Bufg A.D`ctms, Istiofg Kmrmst`fkf, Bufg li L. Qfclmv`gms,

Acmrigh`m Cøpiz, Bfh`gtm O`vfrmcf, Dfrhic`gm Df-

ccflf y Fgtmg`m Ligticcf.

P ig cf Hædfrf li Xigflmris, ig cf sis`øg lic 69

lic d`sdm, pmr ugfg`d`lfl li sus dìdorms pri-






Zfrf motigir isi prmpøs`tm hmg cf hicir`lfl qui

ix`ki cf gfturfcizf lic hfsm, si nfhi gihisfr`m `gs tfurfr cf sudfr`f prmhilìglm f cf `gamrdfh`øg li

cms tist`kms.qui si prisigtfrig.Cms lic`tms f qui ic prih`tflm lihritm fculi is

tæg ig cf hftikmräf ici cms pòoc`hms, qui hmdm is

gmtmr`m fc d fk`strflm, litird`gfg fhh`øg pmp ucfry li hmgs`kuìgti puilig sir fhusflms pmr hufcquìr `gl`v`lum, pmrqui su fhh`øg prmluhi sìdpri ig dfymr m digmr ishfcf fckòg dfc aäs`hm y

dmrfc hmgtrf cf hmdug`lfl.

Ig ic hfsm fhtufc isms hrädigis y lic`tms smg tfg

igmrdis, smg tfg lipr`digtis lic mrlig pòoc`hm y

li cf dmrfc, qui su `gacuigh`f licitàrif nf nir`lm

li duirti fc gmoci, puiocm pfrfkufym ig sus dæs

krfglis `gtirisis, ig sus dæs prih`msfs prirrmkf

t`vfs, ig sus dæs hfrfs faihh`mgis, ccikfglm nfstf

listrmzfr cms dæs sfkrflms väghucms lic nmgmr y li

cf afd`c`f, pmr dil`m lic `gdmrfc isp`mgfbi y li

cfs licfh`øg hmgvirt`lf ig s`stidf hmrruptmr li cfs

hmghìgh`fs y li cms dæs icivflms `dpucsms lic hmrfzøg.

Cf hmghìgh`f pòoc`hf lic ridfgigti lic puiocmpfrfkufym, qui nf ishfpflm hmg v `lf, f cms fsis`

gftms, f cfs ispmcfh`mgis y f cms tigiormsms dfgi

bm s li cf pfsflf airmz t`rfgäf, fhusfg f kr`tm nir`lm

f cf c cfdflf Ic`sf Cyghn, afdmsf prmst`tutf, hmghuo`gf lic futøhrftf, hmdm su dæs ägt`df hmgsibirf fkigti y riprisigtfgti ig vfr`ms fhtms lic

òct`dm pirämlm li cm qui isi t `rfgm ccfdf cf li

aigsf lic pfäs, y li cm qui cf n`stmr`f ccfdfræsu nihftmdoi `gòt`c, pmr dil`m li cms supc`h`ms




“ <:9 “

y lic lirrmhfdìgtm li cf sfgkri dæs purf li

sus n`bms.Cf hmghìgh`f pòoc`hf, nf amrdflm yf su prm

hism f isf flòctirf augistf, f isf dmlirgf Cuhrih`f qui pmr cf igmrd`lfl li sus lisørligis ylic`tms si nfccf hmcmhflf ig cf hftikmr äf li cms hr` d `gfcis afd msms. . «

Cf dmrfc y cf v`gl`htf pòoc`hf, uctrfbflfs igtfg fctm krflm, rihcfdfofg `dpir`msfdigti ugfripfrfh`øg tfg hmdpcitf y ia`hfz hufgtm pmsòciauisi, ftigtms cms nihnms y h`rhugstfgh`fs qui lispuàs li hmghcu`lf li nihnm cf kuirrf, si nfg prmluh`lm fhirhf li cf lic`ghuigti fdpfrflf nmy pmric pfoiccøg li ugf gfh`øg h`v`c`zflf, pmr ugf li isfs

`dpc`hfgh`fs qui hmg tfgtf arihuigh`f suici prisigtfrgms ic Zrmtim li cf pmcät`hf.

Dfs sif li ism cm qui auiri, ic Ixhicigtäs`dm Kmoìrgm li cf _ipòoc`hf gm pmläf, s`g krfvi rispmgsfo`c`lfl fgti ic pfäs, fgti ic duglm y fgti cfN`stmr`f pirdfgihir `dpfsòci ig prisigh`f li isms

hrädigis y ishæglfcms ligugh`flms pmr cf afdfpòoc`hf dæs hfrfhtir`zflf. Fsä auà qui pfrf fcibfr li sä isf rispmgsfo`c`lfl, ixp`l`ø ic lihritmdigh`mgflm lic < lic hmrrìgti hmdm ugf prmtistf

smcidgi, hmdm cf pìl rf fgk ucfr, smori qui nfgli ripmsfr cfs fhh`mgis qui hmrrispmgli ibirh`tfrpfrf ripfrfr ig cm pmsòci cms dfcis, digmshfomsy pirbu`h`ms qui si nfg lir`vflm li cms lic`tmshmdit`lms pmr cf digh`mgflf Cyghn.

I g cms p rig mtfl ms hmg s`lirfg lms 8, <, 9, 1,. ;,>, 0 y 6: istæg sua`hìgtidigti ixpc`hflms cms ftigtflms y hrädigis li cf lic`ghuigti, y l`strfiräf




`gòt`cdigti cf rihfrkflf ftigh`øg li Q. X. y maig

liräf su `custrfh`øg s` trftfsi li fgfc`zfrcms, hufg-'lm su s`dpci igugh`fh`øg ofstf pfrf prisigtfr ismslic`tms li ricìvi ig tmlf cf airmh`lfl li su gfturfcizf. Zmr cm lidæs, cf sägtis`s li cf dfymr pfrtili iccms hmgs`sti ig isf `gdigsf `gacuigh`f pirdfgigti y lih`s`vf qui cf Cyghn ibirh`ø ig icd`sdm t`rfgm, hmdm piraihtfdigti cm `gl`hf ic lihritm kuoirgft`vm y qui auà cf hfusf ia`hìgti litmlms cms dfcis qui hmgtrf ic Istflm y cms pfrt`hucfris si pr ml ub ir mg d uy pfrt`hucfrdigti ig icpirämlm a `gfc li su ml`msf lmd`gfh`øg.

(X`kui ug ixtigsm `gtirrmkftmr`m) .

Bufg B. Lihmul.(Dfym li 6>;:) .




@ @ . “ I C Z C I @ \ M L I C F X 8.6:9 C I K Y F X

L`htfdig lic lmhtmr _fd øg Rtò`zfrritf

(Zærrfams)

Ic lmhtmr Ruo`zfrritf, fculìglm fc lihritm lic< li dfym li 6>;:, qui l`spmgäf ic idofrkm liSd oìgis li cf Cyghn y su igbu`h`fdìgtm hr`d`gfc, l`bm cm s`kuìgti2

Xfo`lm is qui isti lihritm gm tuvm ia`hfh`f igcm pr`gh`pfc li su prmpøs`tm.

Gm si amrdø cf hfusf qui mrligfof, y søcm sin`zm iaiht`vf cf `ghfutfh`øg li fckugfs prmpìlflis gmtmr`fdigti hmgmh`lfs hmdm li dflfdfCyghn. Xi `kgmrfof rispihtm f cf tìrrf a `shfc ishr`turflf f qui si fculäf ig ic lihritm, cf hfgt`lfl li cfs ærifs y su uo`hfh`øg, puis pfrihi quiigtmghis søcm si tigäfg riairigh`fs pfrh`fcis y gmduy litird`gflfs li istms nihnms.

Flidæs si trftfof li cukfris lisìrtms m duy

lispmocflms, ig cms hufcis dflfdf Cyghn gm n`zmfhtms li pmsis`øg dftir`fc g` libø rfstrms li supritigl`lm lmd`g`m5 oìg igtigl`lm qui su nuiccf tfdpmhm si ighmgtrø ig cms lmhudigtms dftr`his lic frhn`vm gfh`mgfc, listru`lm y ixtrfv`flmig krfg pfrti.




“ <:> “

Dflfdf Cyghn , f quìg si gmtà `hfofg cfs l`s

pms`h`mgis li tfc lihritm, sikòg privigh`mgis licd`sdm, nuom li tigir ouig hu`lflm li risirvfrhfuticmsfdigti sus lmhudigtms, fug quiorfgtfglmfquiccfs mtrfs l`spms`h`mgis cikfcis qui mrligfofgf tmlms cms qui si hmgs`lirfsig hmdm prmpìtfr`msli oìgis tirr`tmr`fcis ig ic Zfrfkufy , cf prisigtfh`øg li cms tätucms ig ic _ik`strm li cf Zrmp ì lfl.

Li dmlm qui g` cfs tìrrfs, g` cms frhn`vms, g`

cms nfo`tfgtis lic pfäs pul ìrmg sirv`r hmdm `gl `hflmris li cfs zmgfs m hmdfrhfs a`shfcis smori qui

lioäf rihfir ic lihritm li idofrkm, hmdm' tfdpmhmpulm litird`gfrsi cf ix`stigh`f li cms fhtms bu

räl`hms fcul`lms ig fquic lihritm pfrf smditircmsfc ibirh`h`m li ugf fhh`øg li guc`lfl.

Cfs riairigh`fs qui lio`ø tigir ic Kmoìrgm Zrmv`smr`m fhirhf li isms fhtms siräfg prmofocidigticfs d`sdfs qui smg nmy lic lmd`g`m pòoc `hm 2 cfs

gfrrfh`mgis li cms d`c`tfris qui, ig hfc`lfl li

tist`kms ugfs vihis, y li fdfguigsis mtrfs, `gtirv`gìrmg li fckugf dfgirf ig fquiccf ishr`turfh`øg m tuvìrmg li iccf gmt`h`fs dæs m digms l`

rihtfs ig cfs pmstr`diräfs li cf kuirrf. Ig iaihtm, pirsmgfs a `lil`kgfs nfg hmgtflm, duhnm fgtisli qui si nfyf `g`h`flm cf rihcfdfh`øg li tfcis

tìrrfs a`shfcis, qui Cøpiz nfhäf ccfdfr ig mhfs`mgis f fckugms li sus ma`h`fcis y, hmdm pmr `gh`

ligh`f, lispuàs li dmstrfrsi igmbflm pmr fckòg

pfrt`hucfr lic sirv`h`m, cis mrligfof, qui pfsfsig

pmr tfc m hufc cukfr f pmgir su a`rdf hmdm tis

t`kms ig ugf ishr`turf. Xi supmgi qui cf mrlig si




“ <:0 “

hudpcäf s`g krfg hur`ms`lfl li hmgmhir cms pmr

digmris li cf tistà`hfh`øg.

Mtrms ma`h`fcis l`birmg qui, -ug pmhm fgtis li cf

duirti li Cøpiz, rihòìrmg fckugms suiclms ftrf

sflms ig pfpic dmgilf, qui yf igtmghis gm vfcäf

gflf, hufglm ixtiguflms pmr cf d`sir`f fpigfs pm

läfg hmgsiku`r hmdprfr fckugfs gfrfgbfs fkr`fs

pmr ic prih`m li ug Kfrcms @Q li pcftf hflf `df.

Cms o`ccitis li qui prmhiläfg fquiccms pfkms `cu

smr`ms li cms ftrfsms li suiclms, si lihäf qui nf

oäfg s`lm lflms pmr dflfdf Cyghn ig pfkm li

krfglis zmgfs li yirofcis, pirm qui pfrf cf hmd

prf si nfoäfg sfhflm li cfs hfrritfs m ofkfbis lic

Istflm.

Nmy, fc rifv`vfrsi fckugms rihuirlms li cf kui

rrf hmg dmt`vm li istf huist`øg, si c`fg riprmlu

h`lm cfs d`sdfs virs`mgis qui si fhfof li h`tfr,

pmr tist`kms, tmlms a`lil`kgms, qui prisigh`frmg ugm

u mtrm li fquiccms `gh`ligtis.

Ig ic hmgmh`dìgtm li istms nihnms, cf Gfh`øg

igtirf nf pirdfgih`lm hmg cf hmgv`hh`øg li qui

fquàccms fhtms li trfgsairigh`f nfoäfg s`lm s`du

cflms5 qui gm irfg, g ̀ pmläfg sir fhtms li igfbi

gfh`øg væc`lf5 g` qui nforäf quìg, s`quìrf pmr

rispitm f cf virlfl, yf qui gm f cfs liskrfh`fs li

ug puiocm, si ftrivìsi f smstigir cf rifc`lfl li

fquàccfs vig`fs.




<6: “

Cms N I H N M X

Cms fhtms li Cøpiz, nfh`f ic a`g li cf kuirrf hmg

cms fc`flms, dfgàìstfg qui tuvm ic päfg li omrrfr

lic dfpf cf _ipòoc`hf, lic Zfrfkufy, yf. hmgvig

h`lm li qui tigäf pirl`lf cf tridiglf pfrt`lf ig

qui idpciø tmlfs cfs auirzfs li ug puiocf vf

cìgti y ris`kgflm.

Hirhf li cms òct`dms trfghis li cf ispfgtmsf ni

hftmdoi ig qui v`m lisfpfrihir pmr d`ccfris f

sus l`sh`pc`gflms pfrfkufyms, primhupøsi '' li cf

suirti auturf li cms n`bms qui tigäf li dflfdf

Cyghn, f quìgis, sikòg cf ixpris`øg li \nmdpsmg,fdfof cmhfdigti.

Lio`ø hriir qui ic tirr`tmr`m lic Zfrfkufy pf

sfräfW pmr iaihtm li hmgqu`stf, fc lmd`g`m id`gigti li fckugf li cfs gfh`mgis qui ci hmdoftäfg, y

qu`sm qui, fc digms, ic lmd`g`m pr`vflm li ugf

krfg pfrti li isi tirr`tmr`m auisi li sus n`bms.

Cf `lif li qui, hmg cms ispfrh`lms y listrmzflms

dìdorms li isti pfäs si ccikfsi f amrdfr `gdil`ftfdigti ugf guivf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy , li

dmhræt`hf, còri i `glipiglìgti, gm pulm istfrig cf hfoizf li Cøpiz.

Zfrf motigir ic risuctflm li qui fquiccf prmciqui tfgtm fdfof, quilfsi, lispuàs li su duirti,

pmsiyiglm ugf hmgs`lirfoci r`quizf tirr`tmr`fc, fdæs li cf dmo`c`fr`m, qui tigäf igtri sus dfgms,

friyø qui ofstfof f su prmpøs`tm dfglfr fc v`hi

pris`ligti Xæghniz, lipms`tfr`m gmd`gfc ig mhf

s`mgis lic Zmlir Ibihut`vf, nfoir cfs ishr`turf

h`mgis li amrdf f afvmr li dflfdf Cyghn, f cf




- <66 “

qui, flidæs gmdorfof nirimcirf ug`virsfc li tmlms

sus oìwss.Gm nfy amrdf li lfr dibmr `gtirpritfh`øg f cf

igfbigfh`øg li tmlfs cfs tìrrfs a`shfcis ig fquiccfs`tufh`øg, hmg fquiccfs pirsmgfs y ofbm fquiccmsdmlms li vigtf.

¡Vui gm si n`zm pfrf ftiglir cfs gihis`lflis licf kuirrf, is tfg iv`ligti ig cf n`stmr`f, qui nfstfpfrihi mh`msf tmlf lidmstrfh`øg li cm d`sdm.

Fckm lioi lih`rsi fquä, s`g idofrkm, li cm dæshucd`gfgti y gmtmr`m.

Qfr`ms d`ccmgis li pisms ig ditæc`hm l`hig cmslmhudigtms li istf huist`øg qui `gkrisfrmg ig cftismriräf kigirfc.

“Zirm, ½`gkrisfräf ig iaiht`vm ig cfs frhfs a`shfcis tmlf cf sudf qui a`kurfof hmdm prih`m licm hmdprflm= ½Fquic l`girm si kfstø pfrf sft`safhir cfs gihis`lflis lic ibàrh`tm, m vmcv`ø f cfsdfgms li dflfdf Cyghn=

“Nfocig cfs h`tfs n`stør`hfs smori istms lms

pfrt`hucfris.“ I g ic hmgkrism qui si riug`ø ic 9 li dfrzm

li 6>19 si vmtø ugf ciy futmr`zfglm f Cøpiz fid`t`r pfpic dmgilf nfstf cf sudf qui hriyirfhmgvigìgti.

Ig v`rtul li isf futmr`zfh`øg, Cøpiz lihritø ic

läf ?9 li fquic d`sdm dis, ugf id`s`øg li pisms ?.0::.::: y ic 6: li for`c li fquic fö m,fomc`ø cf ciy qui dfglfof pfkfr cf d`tfl li cmssuiclms ig ditæc`hm. Istms lftms nfy qui tigircmsig huigtf pfrf sfoir hødm si suarfkfofg cfs gihis`lflis lic ibàrh`tm. \nmdpsmg, tist`km virfz, l`-




“ <6? “

hi ig ic hfpätucm sikuglm li su Didmr`f smori cf

kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy2" I c ibàrh`tm istfof mrkfg`zflm sikòg ic s`stidfy mrligfgzf ispfömcf. Ic suiclm gmd`gfc li hflfsmclflm irf li ; pftfhmgis fc dis, pirm søcm cørihòäf hflf lms disis. Cf tirhirf pfrti si ci pfkfof ig dmgilf ditæc`hf, mtrf ig pfpic y cf òct`dfig iaihtms qui cms smclflms pmläfg sfhfr li cms lipøs`tms lic kmoìrgm, istfocih`lms pfrf isti mobitm.Lispuàs li hmdigzflf cf kuirrf, ic ibàrh`tm libø

li pirhò`r sus suiclms5 lurfgti tmlf iccf Cøpiz

lihritø lms rihmdpigsfs. Hflf ugf li cfs hufcis gm

pfsø lic iqu`vfcigti li ug dis li suiclm".

Ig cf gmtf li Dr. [fsnourg f Dr. Xtufrt , d`

g`strm `gkcàs ig Ouigms F`ris, si ciig istfs arfsis2Fgtis li fkmstm gm supi qui flidæs li cf hmgs

p`rfh`øg hmgtrf ic kmoìrgm, nfoäf tig`lm cukfr ugrmom ig ic tismrm pòoc`hm.

"Litfccis smori isti rmom gughf puli motigircms, g` tfdpmhm puli motigir cms riairigtis f cf

hmgsp`rfh`øg.

" C f òg `hf ixpc`hfh`øg qui puilm lfr ig hufgtmfc rmom lic tismrm, is cf s`kuìgti-, lisli qui Cøpiz igtrø fc pmlir, gughf nf tig`lm ug tigilmr licòrms hmdpitigti ig su fld`g`strfh`øg, y is prm

ofoci qui gm nf sfo`lm nfstf duy rihìgtidigtiic l`girm qui ci libfrmg sus fgtihismris.

"Lisli isi dmdigtm nf `lm kfstfglm ig krfgliishfcf, y prmofocidigti g`gkugf huigtf ixfhtf sinf kufrlflm bfdæs li cm qui si nf pfkflm pmr sumrlig.




“ < 6 8

"Lispuàs li cf ivfhufh`øg li cf hùlfl ig ai

orirm, tuvm tfc viz mpmrtug`lfl li hmgtfr su l`girm y ighmgtrø qui nfoäf prfht`hflm ug lisafchmig su tismrm. Isti lishuor`dìgtm gm si n`zm prmofocidigti, s`gm lispuàs li fckugms disis qui tuvmcukfr ic trfscflm f Cuqui. Ig ic dis li bug`m sup`dms qui tmlms isms ixtrfgbirms qui nfoäfg kf

gflm fckòg l`girm ig cms òct`dms föms y hmg prm

ofo`c`lfl cm tigäfg ig sus hfsfs, auirmg frristflms

y igv`flms fk`tfs fofbm. Igtri iccms si ighmgtrfofg

`gkcisis, arfghisis, `tfc`fgms, ispfömcis, fcidfgis

y pmrtukuisis. Ic pcfg li Cøpiz pfrihi nfoir s`lm

hmgsiku`r isti l`girm, y igtmghis pmr fdigfzfs y

tmrturfs, amrzfrcms f hmgaisfr qui irfg hmgsp`rflm

ris m cfltrmgis lic tismrm pòoc`hm. Ig v`stf li istfs

hmgais`mgis sirøg duy prmofocidigti ibihutflms,

moilihìglm fc pr`gh`p`m pruligti li cms cflrmgis

li hfd`gms u mtrms fsis`gms2 Cms duirtms gm

nfocfg".

"\fc viz hrif qui fckugf hfömgirf li gfh`øggiutrfc cm tmdi f su omrlm hmg ic `dpmrti li sussfquims ig ic òct`dm dmdigtm. Zirm pmr cf prisigti lihcfrm qui àc l`girm qui si nf prmhurflm

gm ci pirtigihi .

Mtrfs h`tfs2

" D r . Qirg mu`ccit , d`g`strm arfghàs, c cikø f omrlm li cf Lih`lài hmg ic mobitm li v`s`tfr f C ø p i z 5àc y ic hfp`tæg li cf Lih`lài auirm g hmglihmrflmshmg cf mrlig gfh`mgfc lic Dàr`tm. Cf Lih`lài id ofrhø tismrms ig ic Zfsm li cf Zftr`f (6>19, pæk.6?;. Morf li \nmdpsmg) .




“ <6< “

Dæs flicfgti l`hi ic d`sdm tist`km qui ig for`c

li 6>11, hufglm si lisfcmbø ic Zfsm li cf Zftr`f,auà sfquiflf cf hfbf lic kmoìrgm qui søcm hmgtigäf pfpic dmgilf.

Omtäg li Hurupfä t ä . " X i rihmk`ø ugf krfg hfgt`lfl li còrfs istirc`gfs qui dflfdfµ Cyghn hfd

o`ø pmr pfpic dmgilf (pæk . 600) .

WIg 6>11, hmdm tist`dmg`m li su sigt`dìgtm"pftr`øt`hm, cfs siömrfs li cf Fsugh`øg ci prisig-"tfrmg ugf ofglir`tf omrlflf pmr iccfs, hmg mrm,"l`fdfgtis y ruoäis, y huyf fstf irf li pcftf5"flidæs ci igv`frmg ug æcoud ighuflirgflm ig"mrm søc`lm y fhmdmlflm ig ugf hfbf, hmg ugf is-" tftòf ihuistri ig h`df , tml m li mrm d fh`zm . Cfs

'`gs`gufh`mgis y cfs `lifs pf/`'f istfs dfg àistfr

lmgis pfrtäfg tmlfs lic hufrtic kigirfc, y irfg

sukir`lfs pmr ugf siömrf fd`kf li Cøpiz. Kmdm

is li supmgir, gflì si ftriväf f gikfrsi pfrf

hmgtròu`r f istfs hmsfs.

" I c föm s`kuìgti (6 >1 > ) , cms h ùlflfgms si vì-

"rmg ig cf gihis`lfl li nfhir mtrm mosiqu`m, y"istf viz gm nuom risirvf fckugf rispihtm f cf"pirsmgf qui suk`r`ø cf `lif, pmrqui cms l`siöms

auirmg mrligflms pmr cf siömrf lic hfdpfdigtm, y

lisli fccä igv`flms f cf Fsugh`øg, ig lmgli aui-

gfg ibihutflms.

"Cms rikfcms hmgs`stìrmg isti föm ig ugf is-"pflf ici nmgmr y ugf hmrmgf li cfuric augl`lf"ig mrm. Ic puöm hmgs`stäf ig ug Xfg Bmrki y"ic lrfkøg, tmlm li mrm dfh`zm flmrgflms hmg ?8"or`c cfgtis y krfg gòdirm li pìlrfs prih`msfs." C f vf`gf irf li mrm hmg frfoishms li ricìvi. I s-




“ <69 “

"tm si ighirrfof ig mtrf vf`gf li tuoms hmghàg-

" trìms, tfd o`àg li mrm p urm hmg ug f istftuf ig"ic ixtridm y hmgstru`lf li dfgirf qui, hirræg-"lmcf, si viäf smcfdigti cf pfrti qui hmgtigäf ic"puöm, a `kurfglm igtmghis ug oiccm flmrgm li di-" s f . Ic tmlm auà hmcmhflm ig ugf nirdmsf ofg-"libf li pcftf qui auà c civflf y prisigtflf pmr"ugf hmd`s`øg li mhnm pirsmgfs li cfs hufcis cf"pr`gh`pfc irf lmg Xfturg`gm Oilmyf, huöflm li"Cøpiz y tismrirm kigirfc . Irf ug trfofbm li dà-" r ` t m . .

" C f hmrmgf li cfuric gm pu lm tird`gfrsi pfrf"ic läf li cf prisigtfh`øg, fugqui si n`hìrmg vf-

"r`ms l`siöms li iccf, qui gm auirmg fhiptflms pmr"cf smcf rfzøg li qui tiglräfg pmhm vfcmr, f pisfr"li qui igtri cfs nmbfs nfoäf a cmris li or`ccfgtis.

" C f hmrmgf lioäf sir hmcmhflf ig ug hmbäg , y"fdofs hmsfs ig ugf hfbf li mrm li 6> puckflfs"li cfrkm pmr 6< li fghnm.

"Xi `gs`guø qui pfrf nfhir ug rikfcm qui vf-"cìrf cf pigf, cm òg`hm qui pmläf nfhirsi irf aug-"l`r ugf isairf li mrm `ghrustflf hmg or`ccfgtis."Dæs tfrli, s`g idofrkm, Cøpiz ighmgtrø ug di-"l`m dæs sikurm li pmsis`mgfrsi li tmlm hufgtm"nfoäf ig ic pfäs li fckòg vfcmr. Xi fpmlirø li

tmlfs cfs bmyfs li cfs afd`c`fs, li cf dfgirf s`-"kuäigti2

Zuili lfrsi pmr ug nihnm `glulfoci qui tm-

lfs cfs du biris pfrfkufyfs, lisli cf dæs fctf

nfstf cf dæs ofbf, pmsiäfg duhnäs`dfs bmyfs.

Igtri cfs hcfsis fhmdmlflfs nfoäf krfg hfgt`-




“ <61 “

lfl li pircfs y or`ccfgtis, puis cfs bmyfs irfg ic

òg`hm frtähucm li cubm `dpmrtflm pmr cms ispf-"ömìs, y cms rikfcms qui cms pfrfkufyms nfhäfg f

sus gmv`fs hmgs`stäfg sìdpri ig fcnfbfs.

"Xi `g`h`ø gg dmv`d ìgtm pftr`øt`hm (prmd`mv`-

lm pmr cf `gst`kflmrf li.sìdpri), igtri cfs si-

" ömrfs, li cfs hufcis fckugfs si hmgst`tuyirmg ig

" h m d `s ` ø g , i `gv`tfrmg f cfs lidæs f prisigtfr f

" C ø p i z t m l f s sus bmyfs pfrf hmgtròu `r fsä f cms

" k f s t m s li cf kuirrf. Hmdm is li supmgirsi, ig'

" t m l m s cms puiocms y fclifs lic pfäs si amrdfrmg' 6 hmd `s`mgis `làgt`hfs qui lihcfrfrmg su flnis`øg" f cf `lif. Hufglm cf mairtf si amrdfc`zø , Cøp iz' ' l`m cfs krfh`fs pmr dil`m li ugf hfrtf ig amrdf6

' li lihritm ig qui lihäf • qui ic pfäs gm riquiräf"tfc sfhr ` a `h `m 5 pirm qui àc fhiptfräf cf v`kàs`df"pfr ti , pfrf hmg iccf augl`r ugf d ilfccf ig img-

" d i d m r f h ` ø g lic pftr`mt`sdm li cfs lfdfs.

Zmhm lispuàs, tmlf cf bmyiräf auà rihmcihtflf, y

cms buihis li pfz `d`tfrmg f tmlms s`g ixhiph`øg

y nfstf f cms rihfch`trfgtis, f "marihir" tmlfs cfs

bmyfs, lipmg`àglmcfs ig sus dfgms. Cf mrlig auà

`gdil`ftfdigti hudpc`lf, y lispuàs li riug`lfs

cfs bmyfs, gm vmcv`ø f nfocfrsi gflf li iccfs, g`

gflì si ftriv`ø f prikugtfr pmr su pfrflirm. Xi

n`zm ug l`siöm pfrf cf dilfccf y si auglìrmg

huftrm, hmg ug lmocøg li mrm augl`lm f prmpøs`tm.\mlfs istfs bmyfs rmoflfs pd Cøpiz, auirmg, si

kòg pfrihi, idofrhflfs ig cms ouquis li kuirrf li

cfs gfh`mgis ixtrfgbirfs .

G m istæ lidæs ri pr ml uh `r fquä istms hur`msmslmhudigtms 2




“ <6; “

Xiömr Dfymr Kigirfc Dfh-Dfnmg, D`g`strm li

cms Istflms Yg`lms ig Fdàr`hf .Zèysyry, l`hìdori ?8.

D` l`st`gku`lm siömr2

Hmdm ic riprisigtfgti li ugf gfh`øg fd`kf, y

ig prihfuh`øg li hufgtm pulìrf suhilir, di pir

d`tm hmga`fr f su hu`lflm fquä flbugtm,, ug lmhu

digtm li lmgfh`øg, pmr ic h¡ufc trfgsaìrm f lmöf

Ic`sf Cyghn tmlms d`s `gtirisis pfrt`h`lfris li

h`wcquìr hcfsi qui sifg.

P m ci ruikm tigkf cf omglfl li kufrlfr isi

lmhudigtm ig su pmlir nfstf tfgtm qui puilf ig

trikfrcm f l`hnf siömrf, m livmcvàrdicm ig hufcquìr hmgt`gkigh`f `dpriv`stf, qui pulìrf `dpi

l`rdi vmcvir f igtiglirdi hmg ustil f isti rispihtm.5 3 ' | 2

Di pird`tm flidæs, rmkfrci lisli fnmrf, quìrfnfhir hufgtm istà ig su pmlir pfrf ccivfrsi f i aih

tm cfs l`spms`h`mgis privig`lfs ig l`hnm lmhudigtm 5 fkrflih`àglmci li fgtidfgm hufgtm ig tfc sigt`lm puilf nfhir ig mosiqu`m li su duy ftigtmsirv`lmr.

Arfgh`shm >. Cøpiz.

(mmL`hgbm)

" I c `garfshr`ptm, dfr`shfc pris`ligti li cf _i-

" pòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy , pmr ic prisigti lmhudigtm"lihcfrm amrdfc y smcidgidigti, qui fkrflih`lm

f cms sirv`h`ms li cf siömrf lmöf I Dsf F. Cyghn,




“ <6> “

"nfkm f su afvmr lmgfh`øg purf y piraihtf li tm-

" l m s d `s oìgis,, lirihnms y fhh`mgis pirsmgfcis, y"is d` vmcugtfl qui istf l`spms`h`øg sif a ìc y" cikfcdigti hudpc`lf.

"Zfrf tmlm cm hufc a `rdm hmg tist`kms ig ic hufr-"tic kigirfc li Zèysyry f cms vi`gt`tràs läfs lic"dis li l`hìdori li d`c mhnmhìgtms sisigtf y" m h n m " .

Arfgh`shm X. Cøpiz.

Gmtf.“ Xi vi pm r isti lmhud igtm qui ig cm dæsrih`m li cf fhh`øg, ic dfr`shfc si primhupfof lifsikurfr sus `gtirisis, vìglm yf dfc pfrflf cfliaigsf.

Cfs h`tfs fgtir`mris si hmrrmomrfg hmg istfs pfcforfs li \nmdpsmg, pæk. 81?, li su morf2

" G m n f y lulf qui ic mobitm li Cøpiz fc hm-

gìtir istms hrädigis, irf fpmlirfrsi li tmlm ic

l`girm puoc`hm y pr`vflm qui ix`stäf ig ic pfäs. ..

Ic rmom ig cf tismriräf irf fosmcutfdigti `d

pmsòci ig ic Zfrfkufy, ixhiptm pfrf Cø piz , f hfusf li cms `ggudirfocis s`stidfs li isp`mgfbi, sìdpri ig fht`v`lfl, smori tmlm ig fquic lipfrtfdigtm.Lispuàs li mrligfr qui ic l`girm pòoc`hm auirflipms`tflm ig sus prmp`fs hfbfs, n`zm ccivfr fc ibàr

h`tm y fsis`gfr f tmlms cms qui tigäfg fckm qui virhmg cf tismriräf, cfs ma`h`gfs pòoc`hfs y hmg tmlfcf dfymrlmdäf li su hfsf pfrt`hucfr, li dfgirfqui ig ic läf li nmy, gflì, ixhiptm àc, sfoi løglisi ighuigtrf cf tismriräf pfrfkufyf. \mlms cms hm

dirh`fgtis, m `gl`v`lums li hufcquìrf hcfsi m prm-




“ <60 “

aistøg qui tigäfg l`girm, auirmg trftflms li cf

d`sdf dfgirf y su l`girm y pfpicis rmoflms pmrcms fkigtis li Cøpiz.

"Krfg pfrti lic l`girm fsä motig`lm auà, s`glulf sfhflm pmr cms ouquis giutrfcis li kuirrfqui v`s`tfrmg cf Fgkmsturf, f a `gis li 6>1>" .

Dirihig hmp`frsi tfdo`àg cfs pfcforfs li L.

X`cvistri Fvi`rm, sihritfr`m li Cøpiz y ugm li susa`shfcis, ig cf ixpms`h`øg qui l`r`k`ø fc Hmglil'Ou, ig ?8 li dfrzm li 6>;:2

"Dflfdf Cyghn nf hmgtr òu`lm duhnm pfrf cfliskrfh`f li duhnms. Cfs vihis qui iccf òf f cfhfp`tfc lispuàs li rikrisfr, hfäfg duhnms. @gti

risflf nfstf ic ixtridm, iccf nf smpcflm fc puio cm

ic fsugtm li cfs fcnfbfs, li cf ispflf, lic t`gtirm,

ith., nfhìglm nfstf ic ishæglfcm li hmdprfr tìrrfs

y hfsfs pmr o`ccitis'.'.

P cfs s`kuìgtis, li [fsnourg, ig su hfrtf fcil` tmr li "Cf \r òugf" , li Guivf Pmre2

Drs. Cyghn gm pirl`ø hhfs`øg li ihnfr dfgm

f tmlm mobitm li vfcmr ix`stigti ig ic tismrm y ig

cms sfgtufr`ms lic pfäs".

½Vuà pfkms n`zm Cøpiz ig Iurmpf pmr frdf

digtms ig tmlm i c tìdpm qui lurø cf kuirrf=' F

istf prikugtf hmgtistfræg tmlms cms qui nfg tig`lm mhfs`øg li sfoircm, qui gm n`zm pfkm fckugm.

G` pmr cms frdfdigtms, g` pmr cms dftir`fcis liairrmhfrr`c y mtrms vfcmris qui fgtir`mrdigti nfoäf rihò`lm pmr huigtf lic Istflm. Fsä cm hmdpruiofg cfs rihcfdfh`mgis qui `gtirpusìrmg l`virsms fhriilmris f cf hmghcus`øg li cf kuirrf.Fquiccms ouquis ighmrfzflms huyf hmgstruhh`øg si




- ` < ? : “

nfoäf idprigl`lm pmr mrlig li C ø p i z , ig Iu

rmpf, si pirlìrmg pr`gh`pfcdigti pmr cf afctf lipfkm li cfs humtfs lio`lfs f cms hmgstruhtmris.

Cf afdmsf huist`øg c`t`k`msf lic lmhtmr Xtiwfrthmg dflfdf Cyghn, fgti cms tròugfcis `gkcisis,gms pusm li ricìvi hødm ic l`girm li istf ripò

oc`hf irfg oìgis prmp`ms li cf tfc siömrf.

Ig tmgm li cms

idofrquis lic

l`girm a`shfc qui

si virà`hø ig % óg ouqui li kuirrf giutrfc, pmr mr

lig li Cøpiz, àsti qu`sm qui a`kurfsi hmdm rid`

tigti ic lmhtmr L. Ku`ccirdm Xtiwfrt, li quìg si

nfoäf fgtis sirv`lm hmdm fkigti pfrf duhnms li

sus pil`lms li dftir`fcis f @gkcftirrf.Lispuàs li nihnm ic idofrqui, dflfdf Cyghn

ccfdø fc lmhtmr Xtiwfrt y ci ix`k`ø ug rihaom m

hmdprmofgti f su afvmr pmr tmlm ic `dpmrti li cf

hfgt`lfl rid`t`lf. Ic lmhtmr Xtiwfrt hmdprigl`øqui fquiccf ix`kigh`f vigäf li mrlig li Cøpiz y

qui gm pmläf gikfrcf, s`g krfvi pic`krm li su v`

l f 5 y, ig hmgsihuigh`f, l`m ic rihòm ig cms tàr

d`gms qui qu`sm dflfdf Cyghn.

Lispuàs li cf kuirrf, nfccæglmsi ic lmhtmr Xtiwfrt ig @gkcftirrf, si p rmlu bm ic pci`tm smori cf

rihcfdfh`øg li fquic l`girm, pci`tm qui fhfoø hmg

ugf trfgsfhh`øg ig dàr`tm li l`hnm rihòm, f pisfrli qui ic lmhtmr Xtiwfrt prmoø, hmg ic tist`dmg`m

li duhnms hùlflfgms pfrfkufyms qui `gtirv`gìrmg li fckòg dmlm ig ic idofrqui lic l`girm fcul`lm, qui àsti irf li prmpìlfl lic Istflm.

@glulfocidigti, qui ic prih`m y cf igtrikf lic

d`sdm pfrf ic pfkm li cfs tìrrfs a`shfcis si amr

ducfrmg fpfrigtidigti ig cfs ishr`turfs li dflf-




df Cyghn. Cøpiz, fc d`sdm tìdpm qui l`m cfs

tìrrfs f cf siömrf lic hfdpfdigtm , hmdm cfccfdf \nmdpsmg, pusm ig dfgms li cf d`sdf cms

ristms li cf amrtugf pòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy.

I g 69 li fkmstm li 6>10 si `gstfcø ic KmoìrgmZrmv`smr`m lic Zfrfkufy. ½Vuà puilig, puis, s`kgà`hfr fquiccms fhtms li vigtf li tìrrfs gfh`mgfcis= Gflf dæs qui cm qui tmlms sfoig, qui Cøpizfc dmr`r, hmgsihuigti hmg su s`stidf, prmhurø frrfg

hfr fc Zfrfkufy cms6 òct`dms k`rmgis li s`h r`quizf

pfrf dibmrfr ic pmrvig`r li sus n`bms y li su qui

r`lf.

F q u ä si ighìrrf tmlf cf dmrfc lic ip`sml`m.

Cøpiz idofrhfof cms tismrms a`shfcis ig cms ou

quis giutrfcis li kuirrf pfrf amrdfr hmg iccms ug

pftr`dmg`m f sus n ` b m s 5 ic mrm y cf pcftf irfg hfrkfs dmcistfs ig cfs dfrhnfs `ghisfgtis qui tigäfgqui nfhir nuyiglm lic igid`km5 nfoäf fhmstud

orflm f su ibàrh`tm f cfs dæs tirròcis pr`vf h`mgi s,y ma`h`fcis y smclflms gm si fhmrlfofg li sus suiclms gmd`gfcis5 gm gihis`tfof l`girm pfrf flqu`r`r

cms frtähucms li kuirrf5 morfof hmdm siömr li v`lfs

y nfhìglfs y tmdfof tmlm cm qui tigäf ic pfäs ig

nmdoris y rihursms, s`g nfhir cf digmr irmkfh`øg

pmr huigtf lic Istflm. Ic smh`fc`sdm ig qui sinfoäf iluhflm ic puiocm, nfhìglm qui tml m auirfli cf pftr`f y gflf lic `gl`v`lum, `dpirfof ig

tmlf su auirzf, s`g mtrf ixhiph`øg qui cf li dflfdf,

Cyghn.

Ig sikuglm cukfr, gflì puili lulfr qui pfrf




“ <?? “

qui nuoìsi nfo`lm ug prmpøs`tm fld`g`strft`vm li

fccikfr rihursms hmg cf vigtf li tìrrfs a`shfcis, silioäf pigsfr ig pirsmgfs huyf hfbf gm auisi cfd`sdf qui cf lic Istflm.

Cf hfbf li dflfdf Cyghn irf cf li Cøpiz y cf

li àsti gm irf mtrf qui cf lic \ismrm Zòoc`hm. Fsä ,

ic nihnm li prisigtfr hmdm hmdprflmrf li cfs tìrrfs a`shfcis f cf quir`lf y nirilirf li Cøpiz, gmpuili `gsp`rfr f gflì cf hriigh`f li qui nuomvigtf rifc hmg cf igtrikf lic prih`m5 fugqui sä

`gsp`rfræ tmlf cf fvirs`øg qui dirihi cf `gl`k

g`lfl y ic hml`h`mä-m ikmäsdm qui si prfht`hf hmg cfs

dæs fkrfvfgtis h`rhugstfgh`fs qui si puili `df

k`gfr.

Dflfdf Cyghn, a `kurfglm hmdm hmdprflmrf litìrrfs a`shfcis y pfkfglm pmr iccfs, sikòg cfs ishr`turfs, sudfs hufgt`msäs`dfs, f cf viz qui rihòäf cfs citrfs pmr ic `dpmrti li cfs yirofs lic Istflm y cf hmgstfgh`f li sir suyms cms l`girms quisi idofrhfofg oushfglm sikurm ig ic ixtir`mr, amr

df ug lurm hmgtrfsti ig ic huflrm li cf kuirrf hmg

fquàccfs afd`c`fs pulìgtis lic pfäs, f quìgis si

hmga`shfrmg sus oìgis ig sirv`h`m lic Istflm y hmg

fquiccms pmoris hmdirh`fgtis ixtrfgbirms f quì

gis si ftmrdigtø y aus`cø lispuàs li qu`tfrcis cfs

ispihìs ditæc`hfs qui nfoäfg flqu `r`lm hmdm aru

tm lic trfofbm li duhnms föms.

¡ @rr`s`øg li cf liskrfh`f li ug pu io cmCms nirilirms li cfs väht`dfs li cf t`rfgäf nfg

ccmrflm cf dfcf suirti li cms suyms, pirm g`gkugmnf pritigl`lm rispmgsfo`c`zfr fc Istflm pmr cmsfousms li Cøpiz5 søcm cms suhismris li dflfdf




“ <?8 “

Cyghn smg cms qui 'pritiglig rispmgsfo`c`zfr fc

pfäs pmr isms fhtms, rivfc`læglmcms ig cf prisigtiàpmhf hmg ishfrg`m li cf virlfl y li cf bust`h`f.

F dil`lf qui cms ibàrh`tms fc`flms fvfgzfofg igcf pirsihuh`øg li Cøpiz, istrihnfofg f àsti su zmgfli fhh`øg, libfglm f cf ispfclf li iccms cfs pir

smgfs y hmsfs qui òfg sfcvæglmsi li cf cuhnf, yqui r`kìrmg d`c`tfrdigti nfstf cf `gstfcfh`øg licKmo ìrgm Zr mv`s mr`m . CfS zmgf li f hh`øg li Cø pi z,lisli 6>1>, quilø, puis, riluh`lf f cf pfrti lispmocflf, pmr lmgli auà rit`ræglmsi nfstf ic läfli su duirti. Cms fhtms li àc m lic v`hipris`ligti

Xæghniz, l`spmgìglm li cms vfcmris tirr`tmr`fcis

lic pfäs, fugqui gm tuvìrfg cfs tfhnfs `gsfgfocis

•digh`mgflfs fgtis, tiglräfg ic liaihtm li fpfrihir

hmgtø cf morf lic hflævir li Yg kmoìrgm li quìg,

tmlm cm qui quilfof lic fgt`kum Zfrfkufy, dfcli

häf ugæg`didigti.

. . .y fsä nf vig`lm f risuctfr* qui gm nuom igfbigfh`øg pmr trfscfh`øg li lmd`g`m, g` gihis`lfl pmrcm tfgtm li igtfocfr fhh`mgis bul`h`fcis pfrf cf ri`v`gl`hfh`øg li fquiccfs tìrrfs, quilfglm søcm fdflfdf Cyghn cf prmpìlfl li fckugms pfpicisqui, hmdm hmgtrfr`ms ig su tixtm f cfs ciyis fld`

g`strft`vfs lic pfäs, hmdm mtmrkflms s`g pmtistflig ic mobi tm smori qui. l`spmg äfg, hmdm mpuistms fcf s ciyis hmdugis lic hfsm,, hmdm nihnfs pfrf ic

oigia`h`m `cäh`tm li cf quir`lf li Cøpiz, hmdm li

arfulflmris li cf r`quizf li ug puiocm y hmdm

afcsms ig sus aihnfs y lidæs h`rhugstfgh`fs qui




“ <?< “

ixprisfg, gm smg, g` puilig sir mtrf hmsf fgti cf

hmgh̀igh`f là cms nmdoris, qui ug pflrøg li `kgm

d`g`f pfrf sus futmris y gughf li cikät`df prm

pìlfl.

(Ic lmhtmr _fdøg Ruoaifrritf, bur`shmgsuctm ispfömc y hf

tilræt`hm li a`cmsmaäf y li lirihnm, ris`l`ø cfrkms föms ig

ic pfäs, hmg istul`m li fomkflm, libfglm ug nmkfr rispi

tfoci y ug gmdori `custri. Auà ic pr`dir rihtmr y mrkfg`zflmr li cf Yg`virs`lfl Gfh`mgfc y is futmr li cms hmdig

tfr`ms `ghmghcusms fc høl`km h`v`c) .




@ @ @ . “ Y G D F G @ A @ I X \ M N @X \ Ø _ @H M

Ic` KIGI_FC OI_GF_L@GM HFOFCCI_M

F sus hmghùlflfgms

Xisigtf föms li ighìrrm, li moshur`lfl y t`rfgäf

lioig sir dæsWqui sua`hìgtis pfrf qui cfs tr`stis

cihh`mgis li isms tìdpms gm vuicvfg bfdæs f ripit`rsi ig cms nmy lispmocflms omsquis li guistrf

quir`lf pftr`f.

Fhfofdms li purkfr ig ugf kuirrf tridiglf

hmgtrf ug pmlir hmcmsfc, cfs hucpfs qui pisfofg

smori gmsmtrms y smori guistrms pflris. Guistrm

f`scfdìgtm, guistrm ighìrrm, cf afccf li isp`r`tf

puoc`hm igtri gmsmtrms, igtrikfrmg cms list`gms lic

pfäs f tris t`rfgms, li cms hufcis lms gm tìgig pfrf

cicm ig cf n`stmr`f li cms s`kcms.

Fprmvihnidms cf sfgkrìgtf cihh`øg qui iccms gms

cikfrmg pfrf iv`tfr guivms lisfstris ig ic pmrvig`r.

Cf nihftmdoi lic puiocm pfrfkufym, ccivflm fc

sfhrà`h`m pmr cf aàrrif vmcugtfl li ug dfgløg qui

àc d`sdm si l`m y hmgs`gt`ø, is ugf igsiöfgzf nfrtm

hruic pfrf qui ic puiocm mcv`li qui is priairòci

civfgtfrsi y cuhnfr pfrf fsikurfr cf còirtfl, qui

lmocikfrsi hmofrlidigti f cf vmcugtfl li cms t`-

rfgms. Qigh`lms pmr cf Fc`fgzf ig cuhnf cifc, f cf




“ <?1 “

qui au`dms hmgluh`lms pmr cfs fdo`h`mgis li ug

nmdori, qui cfgzø fc auikm guistrm nirdmsm pfoic cøg, nfoäf ccikflm pf rf guistrm pu iocm ic d md igtmpfrf rihmkir ic arutm li tfgtf sfgkri. Ig ic pmstrir

hmdofti si nfoäf rmtm ic òct`dm iscfoøg li cf hf

ligf qui cm mpr`däf y irf ic `gstfgti ig qui lioäf

irku`rsi còri, purà`hflm pmr cf sfgkri y ic auikm.

Zf r fkufr ̀ , ?? li d frzm li 6>;?.Quistrm fd`km.

O I _ G F O L @ G M H F O F @ W C I _ M 5.

Ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz y ic kigirfc Hfof ccirm

(Hmdigtfr`ms li " I c M rl i g " )

Yg l`fr`m cmhfc nf puoc`hflm ic pftàt`hm ricftmli ug ip`sml`m, li fccæ li a`gis li cf kuirrf, sikòg ic hufc ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, pirsufl`lm li su

prøx`dm a`g y yf hfs` s`g smclflms, puis fpigfsci quilfofg ugms ishfsms higtigfris li smdorfsnudfgfs qui fpigfs pmläfg tigirsi ig pì, ig ugmli cms tfgtms s`ducfhrms li pmliräm m li lic`r`m likrfglizfs f qui irf tfg faihtm, nforäf hmgvmhflmf isi puöflm li isquicitms pfrf riprisigtfr ugf

guivf afrsf, tfc hmdm cfs ist`cfof ig mtrms ørligis,s`g ixhcu`r ic ric`k`msm, f a`g li nfhircis hriir quiig hfsm li afctfrcis su prisigh`f, ic kigirfc Hfofccirm irf ic biai pril`cihtm ccfdflm f nfhir susvihis y fug suhilirci ig ic dfglm.




“ <?; “

Yg dfg àìstm n`stør`hm

Hìrtf m gm cf n`stmrìtf, cf virlfl is qui ic kigirfc Hfofccirm qui cm fhmdpföø nfstf Hirrm-Hmræ,cm d`sdm qui ic kigirfc Ishmofr y qui auirmg lispuàs cms biais `gl`shut`lms lic pfrt`lm hmcmrflm,pfrihi gm nfoir kufrlflm rihuirlm li hfr`öm m likrft`tul pfrf hmg cf pirsmgf lic dfr`shfc, gm mostfgti cf lishr`ph`øg li cf digh`mgflf ishigf igqui si ci prisigtf hmdm forfzfglm fc dfr`shfc hmgcækr`dfs ig cms mbms.

Ic kigirfc Hfofccirm y ic pfrt`lm lic qui auàbiai v`tfc`h`m, kmoirgø lurfgti tri`gtf föms lispuàs li cf kui rrf, ' hmg fosmcutf md g`pmtigh`f y

bfdæs, g` ic kigirfc Hfofccirm g` ic pfrt`lm hmcmrflm, ig tfg cfrkm pirämlm li tìdpm y li kmoìrgm, l`shrih`mgfc y fosmcutm, luiöms hmdm irfg licpfrcfdigtm, hriyirmg gihisfr`m g` mpmrtugm lirmkfr cfs ciyis y lihritms l`htflms pmr cms pr`dirmskmoìrgms, prmv`smr`m y hmgst`tuh`mgfc lic pfäs, li

cms òct`dms läfs li cf kuirrf y lic pr`dir pirämlmsuos`kuìgti.

Is duy hur`msm isti prmhilir li fquic biai, hmglihmrflm y l`st`gku`lm pmr ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, fquìg s`rv`ø nfstf ic òct`dm dmdigtm y qui, s`gidofrkm, gm hriyø bfdæs lioir rinfo`c`tfr su di

dmr`f, civfgtfglm cf cæp`lf li `kgmd`g`f frrmbflfsmori su gmdori pmr sus flvirsfr`ms, hufglm tfgaæh`c ci nuoìrf s`lm listru`rcf hmg ug smcm kistm,li nfoircf hmgs`lirflm `gdirih`lf m `gbustf, ytfdpmhm cm n`zm ic pfrt`lm hmcmrflm qui nf prikmgflm sìdpri sir ic lipms`tfr`m li cfs kcmr`fs y trf-




“ <?> “

l`h`mgis pftr`fs y ic huctmr lic gfh`mgfc`sdm, gm

mostfgti nfoir kmoirgflm ic pfäs lurfgti tfgtmsföms y nfoir istflm ig sus dfgms ic omrrfr sidibfgti farigtf `gair`lf f cf didmr`f li su nàrmidæx`dm.

Cf hmgluhtf lic pfrt`lm hmcmrflm y li sus biaissiræ sìdpri ug ig`kdf `gixpc`hfoci ,ig quìgishmgmhìrmg li hirhf fc dfr`shfc y pulìrmg fqu`cftfr dibmr qui gflì cf bust`h`f m `gbust`h`f li fquicafccm qui, fnmrf, tfrläfdigti, si trftf li rivir,y, dìgtrfs isi ig`kdf gm si fhcfri, ic pfrt`lmcòirfc gm tìgi pmr quà ditirsi ig hfd`sfs li mghivfrfs, trftfglm li igdiglfr cm qui mtrms, hmg dæstätucms y lirihnm pfrf iccm pmr su fhtufh`øg pf

sflf, lioìrmg nfoir nihnm y pulìglm, gughf cmn`hìrmg, cm qui quìri lih`r qui sus rfzmgis y duyrispitfocis nforæg tig`lm pfrf iccm.




@ Q . “ M \ I M D F G @ A @ I X \ M

Li Dftäfs Kmòurò, Bmsà L. Dmcfs y G`hfgmr Kmlmy

G m si omrrfgæ li cf didmr`f li cf gfh`øg pfrfkufyf qui pfrf listrmgfr f cf afd`c`f Cøpiz nf

s`lm gihisfr`f ugf kuirrf li h`ghm föms, cf livfstfh`øg li su tirr`tmr`m y dil`m d`ccøg li v ä h t`dfs.

Bfdæs mcv`lfræ qui cms Cøpiz y Arfgh`f c cikfrmg f flqu`r`r ic pmlir smoirfgm y mdgädmlm nfstf `ligtà `hfr hmg sus pirsmgfs ic Istflm y cf Zf

tr`f, pmrqui l`spusìrmg li t ìdpm pfrf fsikurfrsu `gacuigh`f y suoyukfr ic ispär`tu pòoc`hm.

F cms Cøpiz si cis pird`t`ø qui amrdfrfg is

huicf, qui iluhfrfg tris kigirfh`mgis hmgsihut`vfs

ig cf moshur`lfl y cf foyihh`øg, pfrf `dpr`d`r ig

iccms su s`stidf, lfrci amrdf y fpmyfrsi ig cf trfl`h`øg y cf rut`gf, frrf`kfglm ig cfs dfsfs cf `lifli qui ic kmoìrgm cis pirtigihäf.

. . .P ic Zfrfkufy nf purkflm su afctf li dæs

li dil`m s`kcm. Cms n` bms li isti lisvigturflm pfäs,

maushflms pmr tfgtf likrflfh`øg, ccikfrmg nfstff mcv`lfr cms sigt`dìgtms gfturfcis `ggftms ig ic

nmdori, hmgv`rt`àglmsi ig virlukms li sus nir

dfgms y ig licftmris li sus pflris.

(Dfgàìstm rilfhtflm pmr lmg Bufg X`cvfgm Km

lmy y puoc `hflm ig Hmrrìgtis ig for`c li 6>;;) .




Q . “ Y G F Z F K @ G F L I M ' C I F _ P

F D @ D F L _ I

¡Zmori dflri däf Lmcmrmsms rihuirlms mpr` dig tu hmrfzøg ig isti läf. \mlfs cfs ishigfs lifquic nmrròci lrfdf, li sfgkri y li dfrt`r`m pfrfguistrf rfzf, si civfgtfg fgti tus mbms pfrf ri

gmvfr ig tu fcdf cfs fdfrkurfs `ga`g`tfs li nmrfsgiafglfs li `dpcfhfoci Yrfg`f.

` Z m r quà istfræ tfg tr`sti cf fd flf df lri d äf =

“ di l`bi fc fhirhfrdi f tä ig cf dföfgf li nmy.Xmori tu nirdmsf arigti ic lmcmr ixtigläf su `gtigsf pfc`liz. Ig tus mbms ccigms li auikm v` riaci

bflf cf dæs prmauglf dicfghmcäf. Oisà tus hfgfsocfghfs hmdm ic cfdpm li cf gìvi y hfs` ccmrfglmic dmt`vm li tu lmcmr.

¡ F n pfrf hìrtms ispär`tus, cf gmhni li cms fömssi truihf ig rfl`fgti hcfr`lfl.

Zfrf tä, dflri, gm ix`sti s`gm `dpirihilirf bu

vigtul. ¡ Nfstf pfrf ic lmcmr gug hf ig vibih is Cfsfrrukfs ccigfg tu arigti y tu hfoiccms fcoifg, pirmig ic amglm li tu pihnm, smori ic vmchæg li tuhmrfzøg frlìgti, si forig cfs piraudflfs a cmrisli ugf buvigtul itirgf

_ispmgl`sti f d` prikugtf y supi igtmghis cfhfusf li tu tr`stizf. \us pfcforfs rismgfrmg ig




“ <86 “

d` mälm, ccigfs li hfcmr y igtus`fsdm, y lishiglì

rmg f d` fcdf hmdm sfcdms ric`k`msms.¡Fn, cms t`rfdms, d` df cl`h`øg pfrf iccms

Ig isti d`sdm läf, nfhi tri`gtf y si`s föms,irfs hmgluh`lf fgti ic buiz `g`hum qui nfoäf lil`htfr tu sigtigh`f. Fhusflf li trf`h`øg f cf pftr`f, nfoäfs pfsflm cfrkms läfs ig ic amglm li moshurm hfcfomzm. P ti hmgligfrmg pmr trf`lmrf. Iclistìrrm pirpitum, fccæ ig cms hmga`gis li guistrftìrrf, auà' ic trid igl m hfst`km li tu hr`di g. ¡ F g tis nfoäf duirtm ig cf hærhic, väht`df tfdo`àg lic

t`rfgm, tu kigirmsm hmd pföi rm. \ u nirdfg f, hfrkflf li kr`ccms, ccmrfof pmr tä ig ic s`cigh`m li supr`s`øg. \us nirdfgms, pirsiku`lms pmr ic t`rfgm,

dmräfg ugms trfs mtrms, yf cfghiflms, yf ig ichipm li Yrukufyfgf m yf li d`sir`f y li nfdori

Zirm fquic turo`øg li lisvigturflfs gm lmocikøtu vmcugtfl g` fhfoø hmg cfs `glmdfocis igirkäfsli tu ispär`tu. L'isli tu g`öiz nfoäfs fprigl`lm fsmpmrtfr cfs liskrfh`fs hmg ris`kgfh`øg. Gfh`lf ig

cms ouigms tìdpms lic lmhtmr Arfgh`f, nfoäfs v`stmf tu pflri y f mtrms dìdorms li tu afd`c`f, pfsfrcm dibmr li su v`lf ig cfs pmh`ckfs lic t`rfgm.Nfoäfs ispirflm, lurfgti cfrkms föms, cf duirtilic futmr li tus läfs, puistm ig `gtird`gfoci hfp`ccf pmr fquic vìbm hmg fcdf li hnfhfc

Ic lmcmr gm irf guivm pfrf tä.Ishuhnfsti li omhf lic buiz cf `g`huf sigtigh`fy dfrhnfsti ris`kgflf fc listìrrm. \ò, qui nfoäfspfsflm tu v`lf igtri cms nfcfkms li cf amrtugf, fchfcmr li ug nmkfr lmgli fprigl`sti cfs fustirfsv`rtulis qui ccigfg tu hmrfzøg, idprigl`sti fqui-






“ <88 “

\ u d frt`r`m, d flri, is `g a`g `tm . Hfl f läf, hflf`gstfgti, si civfgtfg fgti tus mbms cfs smdorfs litus n`bms, d`s nirdfgms, duirtms li nfdori ig cfssmcilflis li tu pirikr`gfh`øg. \ò cis v`sti dmr`r.\ò prisigh`fsti fquiccf fkmgäf `glishr`ptòci, ylispuàs li duirtms tuv`sti qui libfr sus huirpi-h`tms aräms of bm ugf hfpf li tìrrf y ugf fcamdorf li a cmris.

¡ Zmoris nirdfg`tms d äm s P m , tfdo`àg, ms vim ig

d`s igsuiöms igvuictms ig gät`lfs dmrtfbfs, a cmtfglm ig ic ispfh`m hmdm ocfghms fgkic`tms. G` vmsmtrms ishfpfsti`s f cf sföf li cms t`rfgms y li cms.hfägis. Fckòg läf hufglm d`s hfgtms sifg l`kgmsli vmsmtrms igtirrfrà vuistrf didmr`f ig cf hr`stfc`gf tudof li d`s virsms

Pm qui sà dflri, huægtm fdfs f istf pftr`f liskrfh`flf5 ym qui mä li tus cfo`ms cf n`stmr`f litmlm cm qui suar`sti y li tmlm cm qui suarìrmg cms

tuyms pmr iccf5 ym qui sà huægtm lisprih`fs f cmstrf`lmris, hmdpriglm cm `gbustm li fquiccf sigtigh`f qui tò hudpc`sti s`g prmtistfr.

\ò pirlmgfsti fc t`rfgm, qui tfg orutfcdigti ti

dfctrftøW Pm gm cm pirlmgm. Ci mcv`lm. P, ig isti

läf , ugm d`s cækr`dfs f cfs tuyfs y hmg d`' fcdf

Zfrf tus virlukms y pfrf cms virlukms li guis

trf pftr`f “ pirløgfdi dflri däf “7 d` ml`m isitirgm.




“ <8< “

forfzm f isms pmoris dært`ris, nirdfg`tms däms,

duirtms li nfdori ig cfs smcilflis lic listìrrm.

B Y F G I . M ' C I F _ \ . .

Ic futmr li isti frtähucm, ig su buvigtul, hmduckø hmgcfs `lifs còirfcis, `gkrisfglm ig ic Zfrt`lm _fl`hfc, sìglmsu pris`ligti ic Lr. L. Hih c̀`m Oæiz. Dæs tfrli rifhh`mgø

y, siluh`lm pmr cms nfcfkms ma`h`fcis, si pfsø f cfs a`cfshmcmrflfs “ ig 60:8 “. lil`hæglmsi f ixpcmtfr ic a`cøglic gfh`mgfc`sdm, qui ci prmditäf, àx`tms aæh`cis. Hmdoft`øf su ix biai, ic Lr. Oæiz, fc Kigirfc Airri`rf y f cms c i k`mgfr`ms . Istm mhurr`ø ig 60:1-60:;.

Ic föm s`kuìgti, cms kmoirgfgtis aust`kflms ci afh`c`tfrmgdil`ms li nfhir ug v`fbi li pcfhir f Ouigms F`ris y, fcpfsfr arigti f cfs ru`gfs li Nudf`tæ, tist`km icmhuigti licf nihftmdoi lic 19-;:, si ci focfglø ic hmrfzøg, si ci nu

dilihìrmg cms mbms y, ccmrfglm f cækr`df v`vf, hfgtø cfpfc`gml`f `dpitrfglm ic pirløg pfrf cms cik`mgfr`ms qui,nfstf cf väspirf li su pfrt`lf, auirmg pmr àc tfg v`c`pigl`flms sikòg hmgstf ig cf hfrtf qui f hmgt`gufh`øg si `gsirtf.

Hfälm fc pmhm tìdpm ic kmoìrgm lic Kigirfc Airri`rf,tmrgø f sir aur`msm fgt`cik`mgfr`m y fgt̀ mäv`hm huyms afvmrisnfoäf fhiptflm, sfcp`hfglm hmg cf t`gtf li su pcudf igvigigflf f cms d`sdms “ ig liskrfh`f “ pfrf quìgis, fyir,p`lìrf mcv`lm kigirmsm. _ifgulø su hfdpföf li ri`v`gl`

hfh`øg lic virlukm li su dflri y li su pftr`f qui lihäf àc.

Auà l`putflm hmcmrflm pirm gm si ci riic`k`ø f hfusf lisu fhtufh`øg pfrcfdigtfr`f istàr c̀ y, fugqui a`kurfof ig cfc`stf li hfgl`lftms, sus hmrric`k`mgfr`ms ci ic`d`gfrmg.

Lurfgti cf rioic`øg d`c`tfr, ighfoizflf pmr ic HmrmgicFlmcam Hn`rài y Ilufrlm Xinfirir, hmgtrf ic kmoìrgm licLr. Iusio`m Fyfcf, M'Cifry n`zm fht`vf y vmh`gkcirf prmpfkfglf pmr ic àx`tm lic d`c`tfr`sdm. Zrmp`h`fof cf l`htf

lurf li Hn`rài ig su ml`m f cms rfl`hfcis, qui si ighmgtrfofgig ic pmlir.

Qigh`lf cf suocivfh`øg d`c`tfr, M'Cifry, qui tìgi pfstfli hmrtisfgm, si `gs`guø ig ic æg`dm lic pris`ligti Ic`k`øFyfcf, quìg ci prmdit`ø ug, hmgsucflm ig Iurmpf. P hmgistm si fprisurø f rihtà`hfr su bu`h`m ighmgflm -hmgtrf cmsrfl`hfcis, hmcfomrà fs`lufdigti ig sus ørkfgms, foburø lms u hn`rà`sdm y forfzø cf hfusf li cf buvigtul còirfc, quihmdoft`ø f cms biais rioicflms. Fc rikrism li Lmg Dfguic




“ <89 “

Kmglrf lic Hmgkrism Zfgfdir`hfgm li Hn`ci, lmgli flqu`r`øfrdfs pfrf ic Kmoìrgm ig cuic`f hmg cf sil`h`øg, puoc`hø

ofbm su a`rdf ug ixtigsm frtähucm fpmcmkàt`hm li fquàc.I c Kmoìrgm hudpc`ø hmg M 'C ifr y su prmdisf li igv`frcm

f Iurmpf pmr huigtf lic Istflm. Zirm hmdm su pfrt`lm, icGfh`mgfc _ipuoc`hfgm, pmr ørkfgm li cf Hmgvigh`øg, nfoäffhmrlflm cf fostigh`øg icihtmrfc y prmnò`lm qui sus fa`c`flms fhiptfrfg hfrkms pòoc`hms, f pisfr li cfs fdmgistfh`m-h`mgis li sus hmrric`k`mgfr`ms, M'Cifry pria`r`ø sir ixpucsflm, qui cm auà ig iaihtm, gm mostfgti su fctf `gvist`lurfli dìdorm lic Ibihut`vm Hmcik`flm, fgtis qui rinusfr ic

hmgsucflm ig Ispföf, ig qui smöfof lisli nfhi vi`gti föms.Xus ägt`dms fsikurfg qui M'Cifry, mvibf lishfrr`flf, vmcviræ fc Zfrt`lm Còirfc qui, nmy, ci tìgli cf dfgm y licqui si nfoäf fpfrtflm pfrf `gkrisfr ic ic _ipuoc`hfgm, luiöm, igtmghis, lic kmoìrgm.

\ f c is ig sägtis`s, su fhtufh`øg pm cät`hf . I g cm n`stør`hmsi ir`k`ø, fc pr`gh`p`m, ig sivirm higsmr lic t`rfgm Cøpiz,pfrf, dæs tfrli, forfzfr cf hfusf li isti dmgstrum, qui vibøf cf prmp`f dflri y f cf li su pfgik`r`stf, Bufg I. M 'Cifry.

L M G B Y F G I . M ' C I F _ P , _ @ G L @ I G L M N M D I G F B I F C Z _ I Z M \ I G \ I K I G I _ F C A I -_ _ I @ _ F .“ - D Y I _ \ M P H F Ä L M , F N M _ F C II X H Y Z I .

Auirf li cf pftr`f. “ Cf virlfl n`stør`hf. “

Zfcforfs li tmcirfgh`f

Ig pcigfs fkufs li Zfrfgæ, auirf li cfs armgtirfs dftir`fcis li cf pftr`f, fhfom li ciir cf òct`

df pæk`gf qui ic pmitf Hfrcms Ku`lm Xpfgm lil`hff Lmg Krikmr`m Oigätiz .

Pm gm sà s` pmr qui smy gfturfcdigti `dpris`mgfoci, m pmrqui, hmgtidpcfglm cfs hmstfs pfrfkufyfs, sidorflfs li rihuirlms, ixh`tà lidfs`flm d`sigsò`c`lfl, d` ixtridflf sigsò`c`lfl, ic nihnm is




qui ciä l`hnm trfofbm prmauglfdigti idmh`mgflm.

¡ I c ouig v` ib m, ic cfuriflm pmitf, s`kui sìglmbustm hmg ic Z fr fk u fy Lihfi yf su v`kmrmsf `gtic`kigh`f2 ¡qu`ghi föms li hruic igairdilfl gm ispfrf digms

Istf òct `df pæk`gf gm vòrf yf hmg cfs auckurfh`mgis li igirkäfs pritàr`tfs. Zirm f trfvàs li iccfpfsf trùgafgti ic vìbm smpcm, “ ic ispär`tu li cfl`v`gf bust`h`f “ hmdm ig fquiccms trfofbms hmg quiic l `fr `m "Fdàr`hf" n`zm fld`rfocidigti s `dpæt`hf cf hfusf pfrfkufyf.

Ku`lm y Xpfgm si duistrf frkigt`gm fgti tmlm.Zirm bust`hìrm smori tmlm. \fc hmdm fyir.

M`l cm qui l`hi2

" N i ciälm hmg v`väs`d m `gtiràs sus fgfcis. Xmgf cf viz ig cm isigh`fc, vfc`msm hmgt`gkigti f cf hrøg`hf li fhmgtih`dìgtms didmrfocis, y ic l`pcmdffhmdpföflm li fdpc`f lmhudigtfh`øg, ig qui risfctfg cms sirv`h`ms li ug hùlflfgm pfrfkufym(Lmg Krikmr`m Oigätiz) , l`spuistm ig läfs træk`hms

f marihirsi ig huirpm y fcdf f su pftr`f ccikfglmcuikm f riprisigtfrcf l`kgfdigti ig su frluf d`s`øg fgti cfs krfglis pmtigh`fs, lmgli lispcikfrf,ig hmgt`gum dmv`dìgtm y cfomr, su tfhtm y hfpfh`lfl l`pcmdæt`hf, ftrfyàglmsi pmr tmlfs pfrtis cfss`dpftäfs li riyis y dfkgftis hmg quìgis nuom

li trftfr. Ofbm isti pugtm li v`stf, gflf dæs bustmqui ighmd`frci. Cf pftr`f ig tridiglm hmgac`htm,auà su `gsp`rflmrf, y iccf f gm lulfrcm ci siöfcfrænmy y ig cm auturm ic cukfr qui ci hmrrispmgli igtri cms n`bms pril`cihtms, quìgis gughf ci fdfrmgtfgtm hmdm fc vircf risuictf f suhudo`r ig lis`kufc




r - <8; “

hmdofti, liaiglìglm ligmlflfdigti cm qui buz

kfrf su lirihnm y hfyiglm hmg kcmr`f ofbm ic pfvàs,pr`dirm fgtis qui rigl`rsi f cf aftfc`lfl lic list ` g m " .

Istm gm tiglræ cf l`fafg`lfl li cf fgt`kuf prmsf lic gmoci vfti, pirm hmgsirvf `ghøcudi isi ispär`tu bust`hìrm qui fcfoærfdms fgtis.

Gm nfhi, fhfsm, fhfoflf bust`h`f f isi mtrm vìbmgmo`cäs`dm, f isi pfrfkufym li ugf smcf pìzf, quisi ccfdf Krikmr`m Oigätiz=

Gm fa`rdf, fhfsm, qui hfädms hmg kcmr`f=Zirm gm søcm quìri lfrgms cm qui gms hmrrispmg

li “ cf kcmr`f ägtikrf li cf krfg ipmpiyf, “ quìri, tfdo`àg, hurfr guistrf hikuilfl, rivicæglmgmsvirlflis qui gms idpiöfdms ig lishmgmhir. Icpmitf gm tìdocf, nmrrmr`zflm, fgti cf a `kurf licDfr`shfc Cøpiz. Gm và ig àc fc dmgstrum, và fcnàrmi, "huym gmdori vf hrih ìglm" hmg cms föms.

Kigirmsm, gmoci, s`g ml`ms g` righmris, gms nfocfli àc ig istms tàrd`gms2

.. .ic dfr`shfc Cøpiz, hfälm hmg cf ispflf ig cfdfgm y huym gmdori vf hrihìglm igtri cfs guoispriöflfs li rfyms qui ig cf v `lf ci rmlifrmg. . .amrd`lfoci flfc`l, yfhigti ig smc`tfr`f amsf, hustml`flf pmr smdorfs li kuirrirms frdflms, y smoricf hufc ighìgli cf n`stmr`f ugf aògiori cædpfrf

qui g `gkòg v ìgtm fpfkfræ bfdæs . . .¡ Is tm si ccfdf bu st `h` fIc pmitf gm pmläf hfir ig cf vuckfr`lfl li ug

istòp`lm v`tupir`m.¡•Vu`ghi föms li lmcmr igsiöfg, `glulfocidigti,

f lih`r cf virlfl




Ku`lm y Xpfgm, frkigt`gm fgti tmlm, si rivicf,

fsä, bust`hìrm smori tmlm.\fc hmdm ig frlmrmsf buvigtul suar`ø pirsihu-

s`mgis s`g hruigtm, pmr hmgligfr f cf pmcät`hf quiccivfof f su -pfäs f ugf ku irr f `g`hu f, ftflm fc hfrrm lic hmgqu`stflmr orfs`ciöm. . . nmy si lishuorifgti ic nàrmi sfhrà`hflm, rihmgmhi su kcmr`f, fsi

kurf qui iccf gm søcm is krfgli, s`gm qui vf hrihìglm, `cud`gflf pmr cf n`stmr`f.

P fsä tmlm ic trfofbm.

Cm ciä hmgdmv`lm, rip`tm.

Zrmpigsm f cfs cækr`dfs, vfr`fs vihis `gtirrudpäcf cihturf pfrf igbukfrdi cms mbms.

¡ F huægtfs riacix`mgis si pristf isti t rf o f bmP m , tfdo`àg, au` fpfs`mgflm, hfs` aur`msm. @g

trfgs`kigti, gm qu`si pirlmgfr cfs afctfs fbigfs, g`pird`tä qui gflì hmgtrfr`fsi d`s `lifs. Cf virlflis qui, igtri tfgtfs foirrfh`mgis, d` pftr`mt`sdm sinfoäf ixfctflm lidfs`flm. Zirm cms föms, cfs lu

rfs cihh`mgis li cf v`l f •“ dfistrf `ghmd pfr foci “tidpcfrmg d`s girv`ms, nfh`àglmdi dæs bustm, dæsihuæg`di, dæs tmcirfgti.

Nmy pìgsm qui is morf li pftr`mt`sdm mcv`lfrcfs afctfs li guistrms nmdoris pfrf ighmd`fr susv`rtulis. Igr`quihir guistrf n`stmr`f, gm hmg krfg

lis g` piquiöms dmgstrums, ishcfvms d`sirfocis, cflrmgis vuckfris y trf`lmris ml`msms, s`gm hmg nàrmisgmv`cäs`dms, fugqui `gamrtugflms, pftr`mtfs `gsupirfocis, istfl`stfs li tfccf gm vuckfr, ispär`tus sicihtms, nmd oris y g m fc`dföfs, is cf d `s`øg litmlms cms ouigms pfrfkufyms.






“ <<: “

Nfy qui prish`gl`r li cf pfrti dmgstrumsf li

cf gfturfcizf, pfrf `gsp`rfrsi ig su pfrti l`v`gf.Frrmbidms ug p`flmsm mcv`lm smori cms ixtrfvämslic smdoräm L`htflmr Arfgh`f, pfrf søcm rihmrlfristi nihnm `ggikfoci, qui nfhi igmrdi su a`kurf2f àc lioidms cf pftr`f ig qui gfh`dms.

Mcv`lidms cfs afctfs li Lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m Cø

piz, pfrf søcm rihmrlfr qui morf suyf auà tmlfguistrf krfglizf pfsflf.

P fsä lisli Arfgh`f nfstf ic Kigirfc Airri`rf,

huorfd ms guistrf n`stmr`f hmg ug vicm li tmcirfgh`f.

Gm gms mlìdms dæs.

Fdàdmsgms, oushfglm ig ic pfsflm auirzfs qui

gms v`ghucig, y gø sigt`dìgtms qui gms l`suicvig.Nirdfgms ig ic lmcmr pfsflm y ig ic `gamrtug`mprisigti, gm nfccfridms hmgsuicm f guistrfs hmgkmbfs g` ridil`m f guistrms dfcis, s`gm ig ugf smc`lfr`lfl arftirgfc.

Zfrf istm gm nfhi afctf hirhigfr guistrf n`stmr`f,trftfglm li omrrfr cm `domrrfoci.

Kigirmsms hmg cms duirtms sifdms kigirmsms hmg

cms v`vms. Mcv`lid ms cm qui gms lip r`d i y igsfchidms cm qui gms igfctihi, s`g qui ic mcv`lm `dpmrticf bustà`hfh`øg li afctfs `rridil`focis, g` cf fcfofgzf `dp`lf qui nfyf nfo`lm irrmris.

Zmr quà nfhir li cf n`stmr`f ug pritixtm pfrfrifc`zfr hfdpföfs li ml`m pmcät`hm y li ixhcus`v`s

dm hirrflm a ' '' '

¡Guistrf n`stmr`f, pmidf krfgl`msm li lmcmr hmciht `vm, gm puili sirv`r s `gm pfrf ug`rgms

¡ Isi fyir fsikurø guistrm pri sig ti




“ <<6 “

X`g isf civflurf, idpfpflf ig cækr`dfs, nu

o`àsidms lisfpfrih`lm.Ic lmcmr ig hmdòg, qui l`bm _igæg, morø ic d`cfkrm li guistrf risurrihh`øg.

O F X \ F P F L I C M Z @ R \ F X G @ L I C I K - @ M -G F _ @ X \ F X .

Vui Cøpiz tìgi lirrmtfs= P. quà= Fhfsm gm auàsua`hìgtidigti krfgli pfrf qui gm cfs tigkf=

Gm auà, fhfsm, cf ighfrgfh`øg li guistrf ris`stigh`f =

Gm dur`ø hmg ic òct`dm li sus smclflms=Hmgvigkfdms ig qui is tmrpi pritiglir fgucfr

ugf a`kurf pfrfkufyf qui cms vighilmris rispitfgy fld`rfg, rihmgmhìglm qui hrihi pmr dmdigtms

ig cf n`stmr`f.Xmori tmlm cf l`syugt`vf is sìdpri àstf2 Cøpiz,

auà ug cmhm, m auà ug dært`r .X` auà ug cmhm, ug dmgstrum, ug t`rfgm s`g ig

trföfs gflf dæs, quilf prmoflm qui ic puiocm pfrfkufym, fc siku`rci, lfof pruiofs li ug hmdpcitm

hrit`g`sdm.X` auà‗gg dært`r, fpfrihi dæs krfgli, `cud`gflm

pmr guistrm nirmäsdm liskrfh`flm.Zirm s` quilfdms hmg Cøpiz, tiglridms qui ri

pul`fr f cms cik`mgfr`ms, di l`rà s`.

G F L F L I I X M .

Zfrf iccms tfdo`àg quìrm pirløg, dæs fòg, mcv`l m .Fquàc irrmr, fquiccf dfghnf, lioidms ftigufr

cfs hmg kigirms`lfl, vicfglm pmr guistrm prmp`mgmdori.

L`kfdms fc duglm qui fquiccms pfrfkufyms, pmr




“ <<? “

ic søcm nihnm li sir pfrfkufyms gm pulìrmg vig`r

hmgtrf su pftr`f5 qui auirmg igkföflms2 qui igsu lic`rfgti ixtrfv`m hriyirmg qui cf kuirrf irf

hmgtrf ug nmdori ig ic qui viäfg ugv igid`km `rri

hmgh`c`foci. P f gmsmtrms gm gms l`kfdms gflf. Gm

pritiglfdms igkföfrgms. Hfccidms istf pæk`gf, nm

rràdmscf, ig nmdigfbi f guistrm pmrvig`r.

Xifdms pfrf kuf y`stfs. Gfl f d æs . \mciridmsguistrms liaihtms, ugædmgms, mcv`lfglm ml`ms dizqu`gms li ofgliräfs pmcät`hfs, trfofbidms, sifdmsnmgrflms, fdidms cf còirtfl, sifdms krftms y hmgsihuigtis hmg guistrm pfsflm, y nforidms fsikurflm guistrm pmrvig`r.

Zmr ic fgkmstm y tmrtumsm hfd`gm lic ml`m `ridms

fc fo`sdm.\fcis smg d`s sigt`dìgtms ägt`dms, ixprisflms

hmg tmlf s`ghir`lfl, lispuàs li ciir ugf pæk`gf lin`stmr`f qui, hmgdmv`àglmdi prmauglfdigti, nfprmvmhflm istfs riacix`mgis.

Fusigti li cf pftr`f, rihmghigtrflm ig dä d`s

dm ishròm istfs pfcforfs li tmcirfgh`f, tigìglmfgti d`s mbms ic huflrm rifc li guistrm prisigti,nfhìglm vmtms pmrqui iccms nfccig ihm ig ic hmrfzøgli d`s hmdpftr`mtfs.

F omrlm li c "Zfr äs" , a iorirm 8 li 60:> .

B Y F G I . M ' C I F _ P .

(_iprmluhh`øg li " I c Còi rfc ).




Q . “ L @ C I D F

F Zmgvpiym Kmgzæciz

Ic gih`m fulfz qui f cf amrtugf cmhfgm dæs lio`ø cf sudf li pmliris,ic qui igl`msfr f tmlf hmstf quìris,ic qui tu cfo`m s`g ruomr `gvmhf.

Cfs frdfs li cf pftr`f, fcdf li rmhf,cfs diccø ig acfkicfr pmoris dubiris,¡ y huf g li hirhf fcku gms li isms siris,fckugfs li isfs dært`ris ti tmhf

Pm gflf smy pfrf qui ighuigtris kcmr`f

ig igcmlfr d` arigti m qui ti huflriocfghm nfhirdi li dmafs hnfofhfgfs.

\mlf tu n`àc ishupi ig cf didmr`flic qui su dfgm v`c pusm ig tu dflri2¡ m iris lisnm grf li sus tr`stis hf gf s

Fcibfglrm Kufrgis.

Xiptìdori 9 li 60:9.

( 6 ) ¡Zsiuløg`dm img qui ishròäf fc pr`gh`p`m M'Cifvy.

Ig isti smgitm, K-ufgis ci hmgtistø fckugfs li sus `gviht`vfs.




Q @ . “ I C M L @M F C M X \ @ _ F G M X

Yg ripmrtfbi fc pflri Df`æ

" C f t `rfgäf. ¡V uà nm rr mr ¡V uà tìdbpms cms quiv`v`dms gmsmtrms Ci riair`rà hødm ni fprigl`lmf ml`fr f d uirti f cms t`rfgms. I rf y m u g g`öm li lm hiföms gm hudpc`lms. Yägf tfrli, lispuàs li istul`fr

fckugfs cihh`mgis, au` f cf hfpui rf, (F rr my m s y I stirms ) , y tmdfglm ugf fzflf di igtrituvi ig trfofbfr ridmvìglm cf tìrrf iglurih`lf. Lihc`gfofyf ic läf, hufglm ic sfrkigtm li hmdpföäf ccikønfstf lmgli istfof ym y ccmrfglm lisispirflfdigti,di l ` bm 2 "Mndfgø cf hfrf ` " . Pm t ` rà cf fzflfy, hmgtfk`flm pmr fquic ccfgtm, rmdpä f ccmrfr tfdo`àg. D` pflri prisigh`ø cf ishigf5 pirm, gm istfglm sikurm li qui nuoìsi duirtm Arfgh`f, kufrløs`cigh`m. Dfrhnøsi ic sfrkigtm y, igtmghis, di tmdød` pflri y di l` bm 2 "Zfrf qui fpriglfs f gm c cm rfr pmr cms t `rfgms, tmdf", y di l`m ugf amrd`lfoci pfc`zf.

Hrim qui nf nihnm oìg ic futmr li d`s läfs5 sunirdfgm, d` täm, ic mo`spm Dfäz, nfoäf istflm prismlurfgti qu`ghi föms, s`g g`gkòg lic`tm. Fqt`,iccf

pfc`zf di igsiöø f ml`fr f cms t`rfgms.

(_ipmrtfbi puoc`hflm ig D L`fr`m -ig ic

dis li Gmvìdori li 606:) .




“` '<<9 “

Ic ml`m li M'Cifry f cms t`rfgms

Is l`kgm tfdo`àg li h`tf ic s`kuìgti pærrfamli ugf hfrtf li Bufg I. M'Cifry f cf dflri, väht`df tfdo`àg li cfs hruiclflis y li cms fzmtis quisi prml`kfrmg s`g dil`lf f cfs dftrmgfs pfrfkufyfs.

Fculìglm f sus suar`dìgtms, ci lihäf2 Zfrftus virlukms y cms virlukms li d` pftr`f, pirlø

gfdi, dflri däf, d` ml`m is itirgm".




Q @ @ . “ Ø \ I M X B Y @ H @ M X F Y \ M I @ R F L M X L I F Y \ M I I X

G F H @ M G F C I X P I ^ \ I F G B I I M X

Ig Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs, burø cuhnfr y dmr`r fccflm li sus smclflms y "mp`gfrmg cms ma`h`fcis quiCøpiz qu`sm nfhirsi dftfr isi läf, vìglm cf lirrmtf 5 lispuàs rifhh `mgø" . (Hmrmgic X` cvistri Fvi`-r m ) . Irf ugf gfturfcizf pr`v`cik`flf cf lic Df

r`shfc5 rifhh`mgfof hmg duhnf afh`c`lfl arigti fcpic`krm.

Ig Hirrm -Hmræ prmh cfdø y burø 2 "Fqu ä durf dms tmlms" . Ic igid`km ftfhf . "Cøpiz amrdf igtmghis fprisurflfdigti sus a`cfs, si hmcmhf ftræs,

dmgtflm ig su ofym", ( tigìgti @kgfh`m @ofrrf,l `rihtmr li "Cf Lidmhrfh `f" ) , y v ìglm qui lisus a`cfs hfäfg vfr`ms, yf nir`lms, yf duirtms, lmocfcfs r ìglfs li su hfofc cm , l `h ìglm2 "siku`ldi" yiglirizf f tmlf hfrrirf, s`rv`àglmsi lic ispfläglic `gixmrfo ci cidf2 "Qighir m dmr `r " , pfrf fhicirfr cf vicmh`lfl li su hfofccm (kigirfc Omrdfg),f ug pugtm lic Fqu`læg`ku`, qui ci irf oìg hmgmh`lm pmrqui, fccä smcäf `r f pishfr.

(Hm rmg ic Buf g H. H ig tu r`ø g) . C f smclflishforfs`ciöf, fku`bmgiflf pmr cfs 6:: còrfs istirc`gfsig qui nfoäf s`lm puistf f prih`m su hfoizf, ci l`mfchfghi y cm fsis`gø, s`g qui prisigtfrf g`gkugf




“ <<= “.

ris`stigh`f. Ic siömr Bufg I. M'Cifry, ria`r`àg

lmsi fc pfrti qui li isti suhism lìrf ic kigirfcHæd frfs, bi ai li cfs auirzfs orfs`cirfs, l `h i 2 " I s`dpmsòci gm vir qui cm qui quìri is pfc`fr ic fsis`gftm lic igid`km vigh`lm y pr`s`mgirm, `dpruligtidigti rivicflm ig ug lmhudigtm qui, igtritfgtm vmcfof ticikræa`hfdigti pmr ic duglm, lispirtfglm ugæg`di prmtistf ig tmlfs pfrtis. ( " Z f tr`f" , 6" li dfrzm li 606>) .

"Qigh`lm pmr cf Fc `fgzf ig cuiof cikfc , f cfhufc au`dms hmgluh`lms pmr cfs fdo`h`mgis li ugnmdori (Cøpiz) , qui cfgzø fc auikm guistrm nir

dmsm pfoiccøg, nfoäf ccikflm pfrf guistrm puiocmic dmdbigtm li rihmkir ic arutm li tfgtf sfgkri. Igic pmstrir hmdofti si nfoäf rmtm ic òct`dm iscfoøgli cf hfligf qui cm mpr`däf, y irf ic `gstfgti igqui lioäf irku`rsi còri, purà`hflm pmr cf sfgkriy ic auikm" . (Kigirfc Oirgfrl`gm Hfofccirm , "CfIspirfgzf" , ?? li dfrzm li 6>;?) ,

"Zirm, liskrfh`flfdigti, à c (Cøpiz) , qui pritigläf rfstrifr cfs cud`gmsfs nuiccfs li Gfpmciøg,li quìg hmgmhäf cf v`lf ig litfcci, gm ccikø bfdæs f fpriglir cfs tris fctfs hufc`lflis lic hfp`tæg lic s`kcm2 dfglfr pirsmgfcdigti cfs oftfccfs,marihir cf pfz fc vigh`lm lispuàs li cfs v`htmr`fsy fol`hfr àc dfglm supridm sìdpri qui cms v`tfcis `gtirisis li cf pftr`f cm ix` k` is ig ". (Bu fgX ` cv f g m K m l m y , " D i d m r `f s " ) .




“ <<> “

"Isti ràk`dig lic Zfrfkufy is ikmästf, ishfglfcmsm, oærofrm, li augistm ibidpcm y li g`gkògprmvihnm f cf hfusf lic prmkrism y hucturf li istfpfrti li cf Fdàr`hf lic Xul. Cibms li `d`tfh`øg,dirihi cf nmst`c`lfl li tmlms cms kmoìrgms pftr`m

tfs li Xul Fdàr`hf" . (Bufg Ofut`stf Fcoirl` ," C f s O f s i s " ) .

" P ic Zf rfku fy nf pu rkfl m sus afctfs li dæsli dil`m s`kcm. Cms n`bms li isti lisvigturflm pfäs,maushflms pmr tfgtf likrflfh`øg, ccikfrmg nfstf

f mcv`lfr cms sigt`dìgtms gfturfcis `ggftms ig icnmdori, hmgv`rt`àglmsi ig virlukms li sus nirdfgms y licftmris li sus pflris" . (Hmrmgic DftäfsKmòurò, Dfgàìstm lic 6? li for`c li 6>;;).

"Nfhir pmr sä smcm ic isauirzm li cms tris puiocms, irf ug su`h`l`m pfrf ic lisvigturflm Zfrfkufy.Ig pmcät `hf, cms irrmris smg hrädigis" . (Hfrcms Ziri`rf 2 "Arfgh`shm Xmcfgm Cøpiz y cf kuirrf licZ f r f k u f y " , p æ k . 1 ; ) .

"Hmdm sà và,. ' 'àc kigirfc Cøpiz, qui søcm pmläf

t`tucfrsi tfc pmrqui ci nfoäf lflm cf pftigti supflri, s`g-dfglfr bfdæs ug ibàrh`tm ig ug hfdpmli oftfccf, g` nfoirsi `gstru`lm d`c`tfrdigti, sirväf li ug dmlm fld`rfoci cms `gtirisis li susigid`kms" . (Fgtmg`m Läfz , "N`stmr `f pm c ä t ` hf y d` c ` tfr li cfs ripòoc`hfs lic Zcftf" ) .




“ <<0 “

" I c puiocm nirdfgm (pf rf ku fy m) , tìgi cf dæsfdpc`f hmga`fgzf ig ic kmoìrgm frkigt`gm y igcms lidæs kmoìrgms fc`flms qui sfhrà`hfrmg tfgtmsn`bms pfrf l`s`pfr ic nmr`zmgti tigiormsm qui igvmcväf ic Zfrfkufy". (Kigirfc Xirrfgm, Q`c cfrr`hf,"69 li l`hìdori li 6>;9, Bmsà O`fghm, "Gikmh`fh`mgis @gtirgfh`mgfcis" , pæk. 01) .

" C f t `rfgäf li Cø pi z, nfocfdms li cf lic d fr`shfc, pmrqui is `rr`smr`m ccfdfr t`rfgäf fc kioìrgmli lmg Hfrcms Fgtmg`m, tìgi, hmg cf virlfl lisgulf li ixfkirfh`mgis y privigh`mgis, sua`hìgtistätucms f cf hmgligfh`øg ug`virsfc, pfrf qui si `gtigti, fluctirfglm nihnms y gòdirms, iggikrihir

tmlfväf sus smdoräms t `gtis" . (Frsig`m Cøpiz Li-hmul, "Lmhudigtms n`stør`hms li Bufg X`cvfgm Km-lmy " , pæk . 1? ) .

" . . . D `stir`msms omsquis qui, hmg dfbistumsm i`dpmgigti s`cigh`m, pfrihìrfg prmtistfr hmgtrf cf

tirquilfl lic hfpr`hnm li ug dfglftfr`m (Cøpiz) ,qui, hmg lisprih`m f cf nudfg`lfl y hmgtrf icsigt`dìgtm li cf `gdigsf dfymräf li sus suol`tms,si gikfof f fhiptfr cf pfz qui dæs li ugf viz ciauirf prmpuistf ig i c hursm li cf k u i r r f . . . " (H mrmgic Bufg 'Hr `søstmdm Higtur `øg , "Didmr`fs" ,tmdm @Q, pæk. 69;) .

"\mhf f cms pfrfkufyms, òg`hfdigti f iccms, liaiglir su huctm gfh`mgfc`stf, li cfs hmgtfd`gfh`mgis. Ygf li ic cfs is i c cmp`zdm" . "Hmgaugl`r i cgfh`mgfc`sdm hmg ic cmp`zdm, is ug irrmr. Gm auà




“ <9: “

Cøpiz, s`gm ic puiocm pfrfkufym, ic oàrmi li cfs

krfglis y aògioris bmrgflfs. X` ic Zfrfkufy nuoìrf vfh`cflm ig cms läfs li Istirm Oiccfhm, ½quànuoìrf s `lm li Cøpiz " . (I . X . Riofc cms , ' "_iv `stf li Lirihnm, N`stmr `f y Citrfs" , tmdm @^Q,pæk. <?8) .

" Z m r lmcmrmsf qui auirf cf cuhnf hmg guistrmsnirdfgms lic Zfrfkufy, iccf si `dpusm pmr cms suhisms, pm r cf hmg sirvfh`øg li -guistrf `gl ipi gl ig h`f hmgtrf cf pripmtigh`f lic guivm _msfs (Cøpiz) ,y pmr cfs ix`kig h`fs li cf" h`v`c`z fh`ø g, qui si foriaftfcdigti hfd`gm, fug f hmstf li cf sfgkri licms puiocms c`kflms pmr tfgtms väghucms li hfr`öm

y li rihäprmhms `gtirisis" . "Ccivflf cf kuirrf fct `rfgm (Cøpiz) , qui pritigl`ø `dpmgirsi f lms puiocms nirdfgms li istf sihh`øg `dpmrtfgti li cfFdàr`hf cft`gf, ixtiglìglm smori guistrms tirr`tmr`ms su pmcät`hf còirt`h`lf y ixihrfoci s`stidf likmoìrg m ig lföm li cf h`v`c`zfh`øg . . . " .

" . . . C f fld`rfh`øg y ic rispitm f cms vigh`lms(pfrfkufyms) , ig cms hfdpms li oftfccf, lmgli cuhnfrmg hmgauglìglm li ouigf ai cf liaigsf li ugt`rfgm hmg cf lic tirr`tmr`m li cf pftr`f, si `dpmgihmdm ug `gst`gtm li gmocizf y hmdm ug lioir li-n`lfckuäf" . (Kigirfc D. Xfgtms, pris`ligti li cf

_ipòoc`hf lic Yrukufy, for`c 68 li 6>>9) .¡ Gøtisi qui ic kigirfc O ir gf rl `gm Hf ofccirm, fcf sfzøg pris`ligti li cf _ipòoc`hf lic Zfrfkufy,mtmrkø hmg su s`cigh`m cfs fa`rdfh`mgis lic kigirfcXfgtms




“ <96 “

L`hi ic hfp`tæg li Istflm Dfymr, \imlmrm A`x,

ig cf pæk`gf 6;6 li su "K u i rr f lic Z f rf k u f y " ,ria`r`àglmsi f cf oftfccf li Cmdfs Qfcigt`gfs2"Hmdm f ism li dil`m läf ic fsfctm auà ccivflm

pmr tris hmstflms y hmg pcigm àx`tm. Pf fgtis liidpizfr, Cøpiz si nfoäf riauk`flm ig ic dmgti,siku`lm li ug piquiöm gòdirm li hfofccirms (qu`ghi, m lìz y si `s) , y nfoäf tmd flm cf väf li Hi rrmCiøg. X` v`kmrmsf auà fc pr`gh`p`m cf liaigsf licms pfrfkufyms, hugl`ø igtri iccms ic lisfcìgtm,hufglm v`gìrmg f sfoir qui Cøpiz cms nfoäf fofglmgflm. Ig cms qui gm pmläfg nu`r, ic lisfcìgtmsuhil`ø f cf igirkäf y ugf ispihì li ris`kgfh`øgpfs`vf fc afgft`sdm lmd`gfgti5 cms orfs`ciöms sf

hrà`hfrmg s`g pìlfl f cms qui istfofg fc fchfghili sus frdfs y ic hmdofti, digms ighfrg`zflm licm qui nfoäf s`lm ig ic Zfsm Qfclmv`gms, auà siku`lm li ugf dftfgzf fòg dfymr" .

" P f cm fl`v`g æ`s2 ic pftr`mt`sdm gms `dpmg i ic

lioir li rifhh`mgfr hmgtrf guistrm pfsflm pmcät`hmy smh`fc5 li hmrrik`r cfs afctfs y irrmris ig qui guistrms fgtipfsflms nfg `ghurr`lm fc pcfgtifr ic ràk`dig pmcät`hm qui lioäf l`r`k`r cms list`gms lic pfäs,puis, f gm morfr fsä, gms nfräfdms nfstf ug hìrtmpugtm hødpc`hi li iccms, y cfst`dfräfdms cf dmrfc

y cf bust`h`f, qui gms dfglf f ripicir tmlm fquiccmqui is dfcm y ripukg f cf hfoizf n u d f g f ". (H mrm gic Bufg Hr`søstmdm Higtur`øg. Hmgairigh`f lflfig i c Ftigim Zfrfkufym) .




“ <9? “

" C f kuirrf f ug t`rfgm is pfrf d` sfgtf, sìdpri

s`g prikugtfr cf rfzøg li iccf. Zmr ism ni s`dpft`zflm hmg cf qui Ouigms F`ris nf nihnm f Cøpiz, s`gtìglm qui ugf augistf fc`fgzf nfyf istir`c`zflmsus sfhr ` a `h ` ms " . ( Bufg Hfrcms K ød iz " , " \ r ` o u g f " ,L`h ìdori 6: li 6>10) .

" Y g nmd ori li istflm nuo ìrf idpizflm- pmrfrrfghfr f Cøpiz isf pòrpurf pmpucfr li igh`dfli cms nmdorms y ixpmgircm f cfs d`rflfs li su puiocm y f cf nudfg`lfl hmg tmlfs sus nmrròcis liamrd`lflis, pfrf qui fpfrtfsig cf v`stf li àc hmg ispfgtm y lisprih `m " . (Dærdmc , "\r òugf" 61 liL`h ìdori li 6>1>) .

" X ` hupìrf f cms puiocms igmrkuccihirsi li cf `gsfg`f y cms hrädigis li sus t`rfgms, pmr hìrtm quigmsmtrms gm gms pr`vfräfdms li civfgtfr cf arigtioìg irku`lf igtri cms lidæs5 Cøpiz, d`c`tfr flmhigf lm , nf lid mstrflm gm pirti gih ir, f cf hcfsi li cms

t`rfgms vuckfris, prmp`fdigti nfocfglm5 àc nf s`lmug krfg t`rfgm, t`rfgm hruic y oærofrm, nfstf cf òct`df fhiph`øg li cf pfcforf, qui gm nf rispitflmgflf, gflf fosmcutfdigti, g` cms d`sdms väghucmsli cf a fd ` c `f " . ( @kgfh `m @ofrrf , " C f L id mhrf h `f " ,6* li Dfrzm li 6>>9, Fsugh`øg) .

"Ior`m pmr cf vmcuptums`lfl lic lispmt`sdm, sulic`h`f supridf, rfo`msm pmr sus lirrmtfs y cf pirspiht`vf li su hfälf, hmg su hiriorm igairdm pmr cffhh`øg li cms fchmnmcis, y su hmrfzøg pmr ic dìlm,sus huirlfs ighmgmsfs ccikfrmg nfstf cf ixfspirf-




“ <98 “

h`øg `gairgfc. Qòrfofg igtmghis hødm nir`lfs pmr

ugf dfgm l`foøc`hf y su t`dori pfvmrmsm si dizhcfof hmg cms fyis lmcìgtis lic dmròuglm, ic ruk`lm li cfs dflris `rfhuglfs y lisispirflfs, ic rihn`gfr li cms aìrrms y ic fucc`lm li cms nfdorìgtms . \mlm dur`ø ig àc5 cf pìlfl y ic ridmrl`dìgt m 2 g`gkòg väghucm ci auà sfkrflm, g` cms qui cic`kfofg hmg fquiccms qui nfo`tfrmg ig ic d`stir`mpr`d`t`vm, ic sigm ig qui àc auà hmghio`lm. G` fòg

•isti sigm, `gv`mcfoci hmdm ug tfoirgæhucm, ishfpø fcf fdigfzf li ug puöfc dmrtäairm. Xu vìbf dflri,hmdm su tr`sti pftr`f, cms fdmris dæs gmocis hmdmcms lioiris dæs sfgtms, tmlm auà ishfrgih`lm y v`mcflm ig su fhirof aur`f" . (Bmsà Dfräf Istrflf,

"D`shicægif" . Istul`ms y frt ähucms vfr`ms , tmdm

"Hufglm si ria cix`mgf ig cms risuctflms qui nfmotig`lm ig cfs gudirmsfs y hruigtfs oftfccfs quisi nfg còrflm s`g ic kig`m pir`h`fc lic kigirfc ig

bi ai , si hmdprigli cm qui nuoìrfg nihnm cms pfrfkufyms s` nuoìsig s`lm l`r`k`lms pmr ug biai li sua`hìgti hìgh`f d`c`tfr. Oftfccmgis y rik`dìgtms-li rihcutfs, s`g mrkfg`zfh`øg, s`g `gstruhh`øg d`c`tfr, dfc frdflms, pimr vist`lms y fc`digtflms, picifofg hmg oräms `glød`tms" . (Krikmr`m Oigätiz. .

"Fgfcis l`pcmdæt`hms y d`c`tfris li cf kuirrf lic`Z f r f k u f y " , p æ k . 6 ? ) .

"Lms läfs fgtis (?6 li L`hìdori li 6>1>) , nfoäfg s`lm aus`cflms hmdm hmgsp`rflmris, ic nirdfgmlic Zris`ligti, lmg Oig`kgm Cøpiz, su huöflm ic ki-




“ <9< “

girfc Ofrr`ms, ic Mo`spm Zfcfh`ms, ic hmrmgic Fcig

y mtrms. Istfs gm auirmg cfs òg`hfs ftrmh`lflis liCøpiz, qui ig ic hursm li cf kuirrf` n`zm ibihutfrduhnfs `gbustfs hmgligfs li duirti, l`htflfs pmrtròugfcis `ghfpfhis li mpmgirsi f cfs vigkfgzfslic sfgku`gfr`m pris`ligti. Ig istms prmhisms irfgkigirfcdigti, a `shfcis ic Z. A`l ic D fäz, cms hmrm gi cis Hr`søstmdm Higtur`øg, Fvi`rm y mtrms" . (OcfsKfrfy. "Hmdpigl`m icidigtfc li n`stmr`f lic Zfr f k u f y " , p æ k . ? : 8 ) .

"\fc viz gm sif lic tmlm ixtrföm f istms suhisms (tmrturfs, ibihuh`mgis, `ghigl`ms) y s`rvf pfrfixpc`hfr cfs hruiclflis li Cøpiz, cf hmstudori qui

tmdø pmr fquàc tìdpm, li igtrikfrsi f cf oio`lf.Xi civfgtf li cf disf hmdpcitfdigti ior `m . . . "(Xhngi`lir , "N`stmr `f li cf Kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy" ,Hfp. ^ ^ ^ @ ) .

"Fhmstudorøsi f oioir hmgs`lirfocidigti, y si

ixhiläf f digulm li sus prmp`ms cäd`tis, y ig tfcismhfs`mgis irf hfpfz li libfrsi ccivfr li cms dæsaur`msms ädpitus hmgtrf cms qui ci rmlifofg. Igtmghis si igtrikfof f cms fhtms dæs moshigms y quiräf fckugfs vihis dfglfr ibihutfr cfs dæs oærofrfs ftrmh`lflis. Hufglm istfof ristfocih`lm li sus

mrkäfs, quiräf suspiglir cf ibihuh`øg li sus ørligis, s ` yf gm nfoäfg s `lm hu d pc `l fs " . ( "N `st mr `flic Zfrfkufy" , \ . @ @ @ , pæk . 91 . Hfr cms F. [fn-ourg, D`g`strm Zcig`pmtigh`fr`m li cms II. YY. liGmrti Fdàr`hf hirhf lic kmoìrgm lic Zfrfkufy) .




“ <99 “

" I s gmtmr`m qui ig F shu rrf ic D fr`shfc A. X. C ø

piz, ig ug istflm li hmdpcitf iorìlfl, dfglø qui`ghigl`frfg ug kfcpøg li pfbf, qui fcoirkfof cmsnir`lms dæs krfvis, pfrf qui gm hfyirfg ig pmlirlic igid`km" .

" F c pr`gh`p `m li cf kuirrf, rfrfs vihis oioäf,f gm sir ig cf disf, pirm òct`dfdigti flqu`r`ø cfhmstudori li digulifr cfs hmpfs li mpmrtm lurfgtiic läf, hmgtrfbm istf nfo`tul ug tìdpm fgtis lilfr pr`gh`p`m f sus òct`dfs ftrmh`lflis, y s`g lulfhmgtr òuyø duhnm pfrf nfhircm hr u i c" . ( "N `st mr `fli cf Kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy" . Bmrki \nmdpsmg, \igìgti Hmrmgic li @gkigìrms lic Ibàrh`tm lic Zfrfkufy, fyulfgti lic pris`ligti Cøpiz, hmglihmrf

lm hmg cf Mrlig lic Dàr`tm, i t h . ) .

" I g d il`m li tfgtfs d`sir`fs, y li istfs ishigfs li lismcfh`øg y li cfs ibihuh`mgis s`g tàrd`gm,Cøpiz hmgt`gufof nfhìglm cf d`sdf v`lf qui fgti s 2 si civfgtfof f cfs 0, f cfs 6: y f cfs 66 li Cf

dföfgf y f vihis f dil`mläf, audfof y bukfof hmgcms n`bms, hmdäf y oioäf duhnm, quilfglm duhnfsvihis ig ug krfg tirròci istflm li ixh`tfh`øg. (Lihcfrfh`øg lic kigirfc pfrfkufym Arfgh`shm @s`lrm_isquäg , Bi ai li c Istflm Dfymr ) .

" C m qui tigäf li d fcm Cø pi z, irf qui tmdfof,y ' hufglm tmdfof gm sfoäf cm qui nfhäf" . (Lihcfrfh`øg li Bufg Hr`søstmdm Higtur`øg, Hmrmgic licIstflm Dfymr Zfrfkufym, f c Zrma. Lr . Cu `s Fkmti ) .




“ <91 “

"Hmdpcfzhm su lisim ig lfr pmr ishr`tm ic lftm

qui di ixpusm ic Kigirfc Hfofccirm, hufglm istuvm f v`s`tfrdi ig d` hfsf, hmg riairigh`f fc Dfr`shfc Cøpiz. _ia`r`àglmsi, fc Dfr`shfc di l`bm quifc pr`gh`p`m li cf kuirrf gm si trftfof dfc f cmspr`s`mgirms, pirm hufglm smoriv`gìrmg cms rivisissi dfgàistø su hruiclfl hmg virlflirf sföf, gmsmcm hmg cms pr`s`mgirms, s`gm tfdo`àg hmg sus hmdpftr`mtfs, cm qui tfdo`àg si ftròuyø f qui si ixhiläf ig tmdfr c `hmris ig cf hmd`lf". (Kigirfc Bmsà @kgfh`m Kfrdigl`f) .

Cms pfrfkufyms nfg duirtm ig cms hmdoftis hmgfogikfh`øg y orfvurf s`g `kufc.

Nfg duirtm lìzdflms pmr cfs ip`lid`fs y cfsgihis`lflis.

Nfg duirtm ig cfs pr`s`mgis.Nfg duirtm ig cms pftäoucms y sfhrà`hflms s`g

pìlfl, likmccflms y ibihutflms pmr ørligis licd`sdm Cøpiz .Cf n`stmr`f li cms suar`dìgtms li isti puiocm is

cf n`stmr`f li ug dfrt`r`m s`g ibidpcm.Gm si hmghòi cf airmh`lfl lic nmdori qui dfg

lf ibihutfr f sus fd`kms, f cfs dubiris, f sus dibmris ma`h`fcis, f sus nirdfgms, f sus smclflms, fhufgtms cis rmlifofg s`g hmgvig`r qui cf gfturfcizf li Cøpiz irf ugf gfturfcizf ixtrfmrl`gfr`f, vfh`flf ig ic dmcli li isms krfglis dmg strums quicf nudfg`lfl hmgs`lirf auirf li sus a `cfs.




Lispuàs cfs hruiclflis lic làspmtf ci pr`vfrmg

li isfs s`dpftäfs, i - n`hìrmg qui si smoripusìrfic sigt`dìgtm nudfgm, qui si fczfof pfrf hmgligfr

tfgtf hruiclfl y cf d`rfsi hmdm ug igid`km licpuiocm qui si `gdmrtfc`zfof pmr su moilìgh`f hìkfy vfcmr.

Ic igid`km dfymr li cf hfusf lic Zfrfkufy c`f

s`lm Cøpiz, pmr qu i hmg sus hruiclflis nf lisfhril`tflm isf hfusf, y lflm fcìgtm f cms fc`flms pfrf`r flicfgti, nfstf ccikfr fc a`g li cf bmrgflf, f hmgvirt`r cf kuirrf, gm ig ugf huist`øg pmcät`hf, s`gmig ugf huist`øg li nudfg`lfl.

(Lic l`fr`m " C f _ ip òo c`hf " , li Ouigms F `ri s) .







Bugtf Zftr `øt `hf Zfrfkufyf

HMD@X@ØG L@_IH\@QF

X I H _ I \ F _ @ M 2

?.º

\ I X M _ I _ M 2

Z _ M - \ I X M _ I _ M 2

Q M H F C I X 2

Z_IX@LIG\I 2 Lr. Hfrcms Cu`s @sfs`.Q @ H I - Z _ I X @ L I G \ I 2 Lr. Fcibfglrm Lævfcms.

µ µ Lmg Msifr Hriylt

Lmg Nmrfh`m Hfräs`dm.Lmg Irgistm Kfv`cæg.

Lmg Bufg O. Lævfcms.

Lmg Dfguic O. Fccigli.Lr. Buc`m \. Lihmul.

Lmg Fdfgh`m @gsfurrfcliLmg Ilufrlm Fdfr`ccf.Lr. @sdfic Hfgl`f.

Lmg Hàsfr Hfd`gms.

Lmg Moluc`m Ofrtni.Lmg Zcæh`lm Qicæzquiz.Lmg Dæx`dm Ziri`rf.

Lmg Igr`qui Lfudfs C.

Lmg Oigbfdäg H. Fhivfc.Lmg Hfrcms Ruo`zfrritf.

Lmg Ægkic Qfrkfs Ziöf.Lmg Cifglrm Fpmgti.







@ G L @ H I

Z æ k s .

Z F _ \ I Z _ @ D I _ F

6“_fzøg li istf morf 9

?“Yg c òrm lic siö mr Kmlmy (Zr øcmk m f cf mor f" I c f s f c t m f c m s f h m r f z f l m s " “ I c h m d f g lfgti B msà Lmcmris Dmcfs ) , pmr i c Lr . Flmc

am F pm gti 668“Cf kuirrf lic Zfrfkufy, pmr ic lmhtmr Hi

h`c`m O æi z . . . 80

<“ Y g bu`h`m cfp`lfr`m . “ Xmo ri ic s `s tid f ilu-. hft `vm li cms Cø pi z , pmr D fgu ic Kmgl rf . . 99“ B u ` h `m l ic C r . D f g u ic L m d ä gk u iz . . . . 90“ M tr ms hmd igtfr`ms . “ Li c Lr . Hih` c`m Oæ iz 1:

9“ H`ghuig tigfr`m li Hirrm-H mræ . “ Du irti li ct `rfgm. “ Frtähucm li Oic `sfr`m _`vfrmcf ig" I c C ` o i r f c " 18

1“Cf pr`s `øg y vibædigis li lmöf Bufgf Hfrr`c cm li Cøpiz. “ Fgti ic uctrfbi li ugfd flr i . “ Or ivi ` t `girfr`m pmr Ailir`hmKfrhäf ;8

;“Ic Df r`shfc C øpiz . “ Bu`h`m li Bufg X `cvfgm Km lmy 00

>“ D fgàis tfh`ø g fc Lr . Oæiz . (I g 60: ?) . “ L `s

hur sm lic Lr. Cu `s F . _ `frt 6:0“ M tr m lic siömr B msà X . Lihmul (n . ) . . 66<“ _ i s p u i s t f l i c L r . O æ i z 6 6>

0“Cf t `rfgäf li Xmcfg m Cø piz . “• Xu f spi htmhmd irh`fc . Zm r ic Lr. Hih` c `m Oæ iz 6?;

6:“Ic iqu`c òr`m fdir`hfgm y ic pr`gh`p`m licf smoirfg äf gfh `mgf c , pmr Msi fr F . Hriylt 68;“ Hm d ig tfr `ms li c Lr . Oæ iz f c d `sd m pugtm 69:




“ <9> “

Ä G L @ H I , Z Æ 0 X .

Z F _ \ I X I K Y G L F

I G H I _ _ M - H M _ F

Cf aukf lic Dfr`shfc . (Duiri fchfgzflm ig su vicmz,

hfrrirf)

6“ Ò ct`d ms fhtms lic dfr`shfc C øpiz . “ _ icftmlic hmrm gic Bufg H. Hig tur`øg 69 9? “ 6 ' li Df rzm li 6>;:. “ Hirrm - Hmrf. “ C m

qui l`bm lmg @kg fh `m @ofrrf 6188“ Hirrm - Hmrf . “ _i cfh`øg lic hmrmgic X ` cvi s

tri F vi `rm 61;< “ H f d p f d i g t m ig H i r r m - H m r f . “ Z æ rr f am s

li cfs D id mr`f s lic kig irfc _ isqu äg . . . . 6;:9“Cf fhh`øg li H irrm - Hm rf. •“ äl id lic pfr ti

ma`h`fc lic kig irfc Hmrrif lf Hæ d frf . . . . 6;61“ Ip `sml`m s , pmr N àhtm r X . Lihmul 6;8“ I g väspirfs li Hirrm - Hmrf . “ Y gf gmtfhmgtugligti . “ \ri s ligmlflms bi ais h igsurfg f Cø pi z su hmglu htf 6; 9

Z F _ \ I \ I _ H I _ F


6“Ygf hfrtf n`stør`hf lic Zrio. A`lic Dfäzf lmg Bufg I . M ' Ci fr y 6;0

?“Cf nirmägf li su nmgmr . “ Zf ghnf K frd igl`f. Z mr ic Lr . Hih`c `m O æi z . . 6>;

8“ X`g ìstrm ip`sml`m. “ Hml`h`f y pir virs`ø g ?::<“Cf d fsf hri li cfs Of rr`ms. “ Ic frri oftm ?:89“Ic virlflirm hmgsp`rflmr (B ufg X` cvfgm Km-

lm y) " . . ?:1“ F h u s f h ` m g i s a f c s f s . “ C f h m g s ` k g f l i c m svirlu kms (D fgu ic Lm d ägkuiz y mtrm s ) . . ?:1

1“Cf nirmägf lic lmcmr. “ Buc`fgf @gsaræg, pmric L r. O æi z ?6?

; “ C f g h i f d ` i g t m s i g d f s f . ( _ i c f t m p u o c ` h f l mf rfäz li cf ku irr f) ??:

>“ @gful`tfs hru iclflis . “ I c tis t `dmg`m lichcirm. “ Lihcfrfh`mg is li cms sfhirl mtis K i-




“ <90 “

ÄGL@HI Z f

røg`dm Oihn`s, Ofrtmcmdà Fku`rri, HfrdigFrzfdigl`f, Zilrm Zfmcm Oigätiz e i @s`lrm

@gsfurrfcli ???0“Ic prmhism li cf t`rfgäf, 2“ Mtrfs lihcfrf

h`mgis2 @s`lrm Fyfcf, Bufg Bmsà Fcmgsm, Lmd`gkm Zfrml`, Dfguic Xmcfc`gli, Bufg liL`ms Ofclmv`gms, Dftäfs Kmòurò, Bmsà D.Dfzø, Zfocm Arfghmu, hmrmgic Dfguic Zfcf

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EL MARISCAL FRANCISCO SOLANO LOPEZ - 1926 - PORTALGUARANI.pdf