7/25/2019 Elaine.phil His
1/2
* 1st National Election under martial Law
*Interim Batasang Pambansa
>June 12, 1978 80th anniversar o! the "hili##ine inde#endence
!rom
$#ain, the %nterim &atasan' "am(ansa )"rovisional National
ssem(l+ held its
inau'ural session at the newwlconstructed (uildin' on -onstition
.all, /iliman,
ueon -it
>ll the assem(lmen were #resent e3ce#t those !rom Region XII,
where no
winnin' candidates had et (een #roclaimed 4he oldest mem(er was
82ear old
"a(lo 5loro o! 6etro 6anila, and the oun'est was the 19ear old
o'elio - "auan
o! -avite -it, a outh sectoral re#resentative %n addition to the
1 elected
mem(ers, the (od had : mem(ers a##ointed ( the "resident and 1;
sectoral
re#resentative
>.owever, 6arcos as "resident and #rime minister with inde
Nonetheless, in his lon' )1 1=2 hour+ inau'ural address,
"resident"rime
6inister 6arcos hailed the (od as a ste# towards #arliamentar
democrac in the
"hili##ines .e reviewd the achievements o! his administration
under martial law
and outlined a #ro'ram !or 'overnment in the !utur 4hen he
announced new
nation moto !or the countr, ?%san' &ansa, %san' /iwa@ )Ane
Nation, Ane $#irit+
>Jul :1, 1978 the mem(ers o! the %&" elected !ormer -hie!
Justice ueru(e
- 6aBalintal as $#eaBer
*1st Local Elections under Martial Law
>Januar :0, 1980
7/25/2019 Elaine.phil His
2/2
>Januar 17, 1981 "resident 6arcos si'ned "roclamation No 20;,
endin'
ei'ht ears and !our months o! martial law in the "hili##ines
>-ertain conditions were attached to this #roclamation, such
as the
continued #rominence o! the armed !orces in su##ressin' ?lawless
crimes,
insurrection, re(ellion or su(version,@ and the continued
sus#ensions o! the#rivile'e o! writ o! habeas corpus in the two
autonomous re'ions )e'ion %F o!
Gestern 6indanao and e'ion F%% o! -entral 6indanao+
>5urthermore, limitations on criticism o! the administration
were continued
( means o! the "residential -ommitment Arder )"-A+ and arrest
and seiure
without warrant orders )$$A+, where( the #olice or militar could
arrest an!
detain a #erson, or seie the #ro#ert o! a detainee, when the
latter en'a'ed in
anti'overnment activities
>4hus, the li!tin' o! martial law was du((ed ( the
o##ositions as a mere
?!aceli!tin'@ amd mot a real return o! democrac
*5oundation o! New $ociet
*5orei'n elations under 6artial Law
*5acade o! /emocrac
*Losses from WWII
> A! the sian countries, the "hili##ines was the most
devatated ( the
Ja#anese and, incidentall, ( the mericans durin' the 2nd Gorld
Gar
> %n the words o! !ormer merican m(assador "aul H 6cNuttI
?4he
"hili##ines waswithout uestion the most com#letel destroed and
dislocated
(attle'round war@
>4otal war losses o! the "hili##ines K8,079,2;,000 or "h#
1,19,2;:,000
4his included the monetar value o! 1,111,9:8 human lives lost,
a##raisin' each
human li!e as worth K2,000
% "hsical dama'es )#rivate and #u(lic #ro#ert
lost+K807,;11,000
%% Loss o! human lives )1,111,9:8 lives lost at K2,000 #er human
li!e+
K1,7,892,000
%%% oods and services commandered ( Ja#anese
!orcesK,1;,:21,000
4A4L G LA$$E$K8,079,2;,000
*o3as dministration
