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Eldo Advanced Simulation
Student Workbook
©1995-2016 Mentor Graphics CorporationAll rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Module 1
Introduction to Eldo
Objectives ....................................................................................................................................2
Design New Challenges Due to Nanometer Effects ...................................................................3
Simulation New Challenges ........................................................................................................5
Analog Mixed-Signal Verification ..............................................................................................6
Course Objectives ......................................................................................................................7
Module 2
DC Convergence
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................10
DC Analysis ..............................................................................................................................11
DC Partitioning .........................................................................................................................12
Formulation of Network Equations ...........................................................................................13
Circuit Example ........................................................................................................................14
Corresponding Final Matrix ......................................................................................................15
Newton - Raphson Algorithm ...................................................................................................16
Local Minimum .........................................................................................................................18
High Impedance Node...............................................................................................................19
Low Impedance Node ...............................................................................................................20
Discontinuity in Device.............................................................................................................21
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................22
DC Convergence Aid ................................................................................................................23
DC Convergence Aid Algorithms .............................................................................................24
DC Convergence Aid Mechanisms ..........................................................................................25
GMIN Stepping .........................................................................................................................26
[Simplified] DC Ramping .........................................................................................................27
[Simplified] Transient Ramping ...............................................................................................28
[Damped] Pseudo-Transient......................................................................................................29
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................30
Improve DC Convergence.........................................................................................................31
.IC Command ............................................................................................................................32
.NODESET Command ..............................................................................................................33
.NODESET Is Recommended ...................................................................................................34
.GUESS Command ...................................................................................................................35
Saving Simulation State ............................................................................................................36
.SAVE Command ......................................................................................................................37
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Loading Simulation Information ...............................................................................................39
.SAVE / .USE / .RESTART Examples .....................................................................................40
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................41
DC Convergence Troubleshooting ............................................................................................42
Solving DC Convergence Problems..........................................................................................43
Check for Circuit Connectivity Problems .................................................................................44
Strange DC Results ...................................................................................................................45
Multiple DC Operating Points ..................................................................................................46
How are Voltage Sources Used? ...............................................................................................47
Set up Your Own VMIN/VMAX ..............................................................................................48
.OPTION VMIN/VMAX Effects ..............................................................................................49
Solving DC Non - Convergence Problems ...............................................................................51
Solving Wrong DC Results .......................................................................................................52
Lab Time ...................................................................................................................................53
Summary ...................................................................................................................................54
Module 3
Eldo Classic & Debug
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................56
Three Different Algorithms for Transient .................................................................................57
Finding the Solution of a DAE System .....................................................................................58
TRAP ........................................................................................................................................59
GEAR ........................................................................................................................................60
Backward Euler .........................................................................................................................61
What Is Local Truncation Error (LTE)? ...................................................................................62
Control of Local Truncation Error ............................................................................................63
RELTOL, VNTOL, ABSTOL and CHGTOL Role ..................................................................64
Global Tuning of Accuracy — EPS ..........................................................................................65
TUNING ...................................................................................................................................66
Accuracy and Time Step Control ..............................................................................................67
Changing Accuracy During Simulation ....................................................................................68
Optimize Performance/ Accuracy Compromise .......................................................................70
Local Sub-Circuit Tolerance .....................................................................................................71
Digital Cell Characterization ....................................................................................................72
New Algorithm for Digital Cell Characterization .....................................................................74
.option DCC_tuning Syntax ......................................................................................................75
Accelerate Small Simulations ..................................................................................................76
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Eldo Classic Summary ..............................................................................................................77
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................78
Traditional Debug Information .................................................................................................79
Which Diagnosis Mode For Your Needs? ................................................................................80
Speed/Convergence Bottleneck Analysis ................................................................................81
Learn About Nodes/Devices impacting Time-Step (Perf Mode) ..............................................82
Diagmode Perf Example ...........................................................................................................83
Learn About CPU Time Evaluating Devices Types ................................................................84
Learn About Nodes Responsible For Each Analog Point Calculation .....................................85
Learn About the Characteristics of Devices Connected to Problematic Nodes (tstep mode) ...86
Error Code 2 Causes..................................................................................................................87
Error Code 6 Causes..................................................................................................................88
Error Code 6 Solutions ..............................................................................................................89
Lab Time ...................................................................................................................................90
Summary ...................................................................................................................................91
Module 4
Eldo Premier
Objectives ..................................................................................................................................93
Premier Use Model Allows Quick Adoption ............................................................................94
Eldo Premier Licensing in MT Context: Eldo Classic x2 .........................................................95
Accuracy ...................................................................................................................................96
Eldo Continuous Performance Improvement ...........................................................................97
Speedup Multithreading Scalabity Improvement......................................................................98
Speedup Even Better With Large Designs ................................................................................99
Netlist Support ........................................................................................................................100
Monte Carlo in Premier ..........................................................................................................101
Objectives ................................................................................................................................102
Key Technology Concept: HR2 ..............................................................................................103
Eldo Classic Multi-Threading .................................................................................................104
Eldo Premier Multi-Threading ................................................................................................105
Eldo Premier: Linear Algebra Revisited .................................................................................106
Eldo Classic Interpreted Code .................................................................................................107
Eldo Premier Compiled Optimized Code ...............................................................................108
Eldo Premier Temporary Directory before AMS14.1.............................................................109
Eldo Premier Temporary Files ...............................................................................................110
Automatic Activation of Premier ............................................................................................111
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Objectives ................................................................................................................................113
PREMIER_MODE and Other Accuracy Options ...................................................................114
Device Model Optimization ....................................................................................................115
Small R and C Simplification .................................................................................................116
RCC Netlists - Premier RCC Option ......................................................................................117
Why is Reduction of Parasitic Elements Important? ..............................................................118
Reduction is done by Default ..................................................................................................119
Activates 3 Methods ................................................................................................................120
Reduction Results Example ....................................................................................................121
Simplified Control of Reduction’s Effects ..............................................................................122
Advanced Control of Reduction’s Effects ............................................................................123
Possible Conflicts With Eldo Option ......................................................................................125
Performance Improvements in AMS13.1,13.2 and 14.1 .........................................................126
Circuits Using BCD Processes ................................................................................................127
Large Dense Soc – Premier_HiSpeed Option .........................................................................128
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................129
Summary .................................................................................................................................130
Module 5
Simulation Speedup
Objectives ................................................................................................................................132
Simulation of Large Circuits ...................................................................................................133
Information About Memory and Circuit Size in .chi File .......................................................134
Collapse the Intrinsic MOS Transistor Nodes ........................................................................135
Options to Limit the Size of .chi File ......................................................................................137
Options to Limit the WDB Size ..............................................................................................138
Options to Limit the WDB Size In Transient .........................................................................139
Dynamic Plots .........................................................................................................................141
Programmable Plots ................................................................................................................142
Objectives ................................................................................................................................143
Efficient Multi-Threading in ELDO .......................................................................................144
Introduction to Multi-Threading Technology .........................................................................145
Licensing for Multi-Threading ................................................................................................146
Eldo –use_proc ........................................................................................................................147
Multi-Threading Conditions ...................................................................................................148
Multi-Threading on a Loaded Machine ..................................................................................149
Check Machine Configuration ................................................................................................150
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Importance of Cache Memory ................................................................................................151
Eldo –cntthread ......................................................................................................................152
Objectives ................................................................................................................................153
CPU Time versus Simulation Type ........................................................................................154
.MPRUN — Basic Vocabulary ...............................................................................................155
.MPRUN — Mechanism .........................................................................................................156
.MPRUN — Parallelization of Multi-Run Simulations ..........................................................157
.MPRUN HOST ......................................................................................................................158
.MPRUN MAX_NBJOBS=val ...............................................................................................159
Licensing Mechanism .............................................................................................................160
.MPRUN NBLICENSES=val .................................................................................................161
Simulation Speedup and Other Interesting Features ...............................................................162
Remove Elaboration Bottleneck .............................................................................................163
EXTERNAL DISPATCHERS ................................................................................................164
Running a Single Run Simulation with LSF ...........................................................................165
Running Multiple Run Simulation with LSF ..........................................................................166
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................167
Summary .................................................................................................................................168
Module 6
Automate Design Checking
Objectives ................................................................................................................................170
Use SOA for Automatic Design Checking .............................................................................171
Safe Operating Area (SOA) ....................................................................................................172
Simple Example ......................................................................................................................173
Plotting Safe Operating Area Limits .......................................................................................174
Results Browsing for SOA Violations ...................................................................................175
SOA Identifier Format ............................................................................................................176
Check Syntax for Devices .......................................................................................................177
SOA Device Examples ............................................................................................................178
Check Syntax for Models ........................................................................................................180
Checkable Parameters .............................................................................................................181
Check Syntax for Expressions ................................................................................................182
Conditions in SETSOA ...........................................................................................................183
SOA IF/ELSE Examples .........................................................................................................184
SOA Report .............................................................................................................................185
AMSRB & SOA Report ..........................................................................................................186
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Cross-Probing & Highlighting ................................................................................................187
SETSOA Static_Check Syntax ...............................................................................................188
SETSOA Static_Check Example ............................................................................................189
Reduce the CPU Time ............................................................................................................190
CHECKSOA Other Syntax .....................................................................................................192
Objectives ................................................................................................................................193
Introduction to High Impedance .............................................................................................194
High Impedance Node Checks ................................................................................................195
Algorithm Details ....................................................................................................................196
High Impedance Slow Down Factor .......................................................................................197
.HiZ R ......................................................................................................................................198
.HiZ TWINDOW ...................................................................................................................199
.HiZ TWINDOW Effect .........................................................................................................200
.HiZ TYPE ..............................................................................................................................201
.HiZ SCOPE ............................................................................................................................202
.HIZ SCOPE Effect .................................................................................................................203
High Impedance Detection Configuration ..............................................................................204
Example – Pass Gate ..............................................................................................................205
HiZ Plots with EZWave ..........................................................................................................206
Make the HiZ Report Reading Easy .......................................................................................208
How to Start? ..........................................................................................................................209
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................210
Summary .................................................................................................................................211
Module 7
Extract Essentials
Objectives ................................................................................................................................213
Agenda ....................................................................................................................................214
Eldo Post-Processing Generalities ..........................................................................................215
EZwave Measurement Tool ....................................................................................................216
Eldo Post-Processing Capabilities ..........................................................................................217
Wave Definition With .DEFWAVE .......................................................................................218
Wave Expression Usage ..........................................................................................................220
Maximum of Long List of Waveforms ...................................................................................221
Macro Definition and Use .......................................................................................................222
Using Macros for DEFWAVE and Controlled Sources .........................................................223
Simulation Outputs .................................................................................................................224
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Objectives ................................................................................................................................226
Measurements in Eldo .............................................................................................................227
YVAL, AVERAGE, MIN and MAX Functions .....................................................................228
EXTRACT YVAL Syntax — LABEL ...................................................................................229
Y-axis Value of a Waveform ..................................................................................................230
Errors in Extract Statements ...................................................................................................231
Extract Outputs........................................................................................................................232
Results Browsing for Extract ..................................................................................................233
AVERAGE, MIN and MAX Usage ........................................................................................234
Display Yval Extracted Data as a Waveform .........................................................................235
Expression Parameter .............................................................................................................236
EXTRACT With Wildcards ....................................................................................................237
Recursive EXTRACT for Subcircuits .....................................................................................238
Recursive and Wildcard Example ...........................................................................................239
Large Scope of Application ....................................................................................................240
Objectives ................................................................................................................................241
Fall/Rise Time, Period, Frequency Measurements .................................................................242
Occurrences / Which Value is Returned? ...............................................................................244
Returns X-axis value at a Crossing Point ................................................................................245
Returns a X-axis value with EZwave .....................................................................................246
Extract the Number of Edges .................................................................................................247
Settling Time Definition .........................................................................................................249
Settling Time Extraction .........................................................................................................250
Overshoot/Undershoot Measurement......................................................................................251
Overshoot/Undershoot Extract ................................................................................................252
Propagation Delay Measurement ............................................................................................253
Launching an OP Analysis at a Time Determined by an Extract ...........................................255
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................257
Summary .................................................................................................................................258
Module 8
Extract Syntax
Objectives ................................................................................................................................260
AC Extract Examples ..............................................................................................................261
Extract Frequency at Which Maximum y-value Occurs .........................................................262
Opamp: Trade-off Between Bandwidth and Stability .............................................................263
Gain and Phase Margin with EZwave .....................................................................................264
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Gain Margin Calculation .........................................................................................................265
XYCOND Function ...............................................................................................................266
CROSSING & XTHRES Functions ......................................................................................267
Gain and Phase Margin with EXTRACT ...............................................................................268
Gain and Phase Margins Results .............................................................................................269
Objectives ................................................................................................................................270
DC Extract Generalities ..........................................................................................................271
P() — Extracting Global Parameter Value..............................................................................272
M() — Extracting Model Parameter Value .............................................................................273
Extract Device and Model Parameters ....................................................................................274
Extracting BJT Characteristics ................................................................................................275
Extract the Computed Value of a Dipole ................................................................................276
Operation Region of a Transistor in a Subckt .........................................................................277
Operating Point at a Specific Time .........................................................................................278
Output EXTRACT Values in a Vector after a Simulation with Several Operating Points
Performed ................................................................................................................................279
Operating Point at a Specific Time ........................................................................................280
Objectives ................................................................................................................................282
Sweep Analysis Generalities ...................................................................................................283
Sweep Analysis Example .......................................................................................................285
Min and Max of an Extract over Multiple Sweeps .................................................................286
Removing an EXTRACT From an ALTER............................................................................287
Objectives ................................................................................................................................288
Number of EXTRACTs – Side Effects ...................................................................................289
Post-Simulation Extraction .....................................................................................................290
Reduce the Simulation Time with Autostop ...........................................................................292
Using Autostop with VECT EXTRACT ................................................................................293
Vector Size versus Number of Runs .......................................................................................294
General Extraction Language Summary (GEL) ......................................................................295
Transient Extraction Language (TEL) Functions ...................................................................296
TEL versus GEL before AMS15.3 .........................................................................................297
TEL: BEFORE, AFTER, OCCUR Examples .........................................................................298
Reduce the Measurement Window .........................................................................................299
MEAS Generalities .................................................................................................................301
Fundamental Measurements With .Meas ................................................................................302
One Possible .MEAS Definition .............................................................................................303
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Summary of Best Performance Settings .................................................................................304
Objectives ................................................................................................................................305
Tcl Concept .............................................................................................................................306
Recommended Flow................................................................................................................307
Extending Eldo With Tcl ........................................................................................................308
Tcl Usage — Macros versus Post-Processing .........................................................................309
.USE_TCL Command .............................................................................................................310
Creating Macro-Like UDFs With Tcl .....................................................................................311
wfc Function ...........................................................................................................................312
More Complex Example of wfc Usage ..................................................................................313
Extract Time When Duty Cycle is Greater Than Threshold ...................................................314
Extract Time When Duty Cycle is Greater Than Threshold (CONT.) ...................................315
Extract Time When Duty Cycle is Greater Than Threshold (CONT.) ...................................316
Modify a Waveform Performing Window AVG ....................................................................317
Check the Linearity of a Waveform – Step 1 .........................................................................320
How to Check the Linearity of a Waveform – Step 2 .............................................................321
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................322
Summary .................................................................................................................................323
Module 9
Eldo Control Language Essentials
Objectives ................................................................................................................................325
Eldo Control Language — ECL ..............................................................................................326
ECL - A User Friendly Language ...........................................................................................327
ECL Overview ........................................................................................................................328
Where to Start? ........................................................................................................................329
Global Structure of an ECL Netlist ........................................................................................330
Objectives ................................................................................................................................331
Testbench Summary ................................................................................................................332
Testbench Definition & Instantiation ......................................................................................333
Testbench Definition Example (Without Parameter) ..............................................................334
Testbench Definition Example (With a Parameter) ................................................................335
Testbench Definition and Instantiation ...................................................................................336
Objectives ................................................................................................................................337
Task Definition........................................................................................................................338
Task with Parameters ..............................................................................................................339
Task with Main Netlist ............................................................................................................340
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Task with Main Netlist and Simulation Output ......................................................................341
Task Definition and Instantiation – Summary ........................................................................342
Objectives ................................................................................................................................343
Defining and Running Simulations .........................................................................................344
Simulation Return Data Structure ...........................................................................................345
Simulation Example ................................................................................................................346
Simulation Result Files ...........................................................................................................347
Collecting Simulation Results .................................................................................................348
Managing Waveform Results in ECL .....................................................................................349
Simple Task Example .............................................................................................................350
Objectives ................................................................................................................................351
Debugging ECL Tasks ............................................................................................................352
Simulation Options .................................................................................................................354
ECL Limitations ......................................................................................................................355
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................356
Module 10
Eldo Control Language Detailed Task Syntax
Objectives ................................................................................................................................358
Comments — Line Breaks ......................................................................................................359
Variables .................................................................................................................................360
File Output with fprint ............................................................................................................362
fprint – f format caveat ............................................................................................................365
Complex Numbers ..................................................................................................................366
Strings .....................................................................................................................................367
Waveforms ..............................................................................................................................368
Post-processing a Waveform...................................................................................................369
Vector ......................................................................................................................................370
One-Dimensional Vector ........................................................................................................371
Vectors and Memory Management .........................................................................................375
Multi-Dimensional Vector ......................................................................................................376
Constants .................................................................................................................................377
Objectives ................................................................................................................................378
Flow Control ...........................................................................................................................379
Flow Control — While and For Loops ...................................................................................380
Flow Control — Incremental Loop .........................................................................................381
Flow Control — Linear Step ...................................................................................................382
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Flow Control — Log Step .......................................................................................................383
Flow Control — List Step .......................................................................................................384
Objectives ................................................................................................................................385
Function ..................................................................................................................................386
Recursive Function and Task Example ..................................................................................387
Library of Built-in Functions ..................................................................................................388
System() function ....................................................................................................................389
Objectives ................................................................................................................................390
Parallelism in ECL ..................................................................................................................391
Parallelism in ECL (New in AMS13.1) ..................................................................................392
Avoiding Concurrency Issues with ECL ................................................................................393
Parallel Task Example.............................................................................................................394
Objectives ................................................................................................................................395
Complete ECL Example .........................................................................................................396
With a Drawing… ...................................................................................................................397
Measurements .........................................................................................................................398
Simplified Flow .......................................................................................................................400
Step #1 Uses the run_nominal() Testbench ............................................................................401
Step #2 Uses the run_optim() Testbench ................................................................................402
Complete Run() Task ..............................................................................................................403
Global Structure of the Netlist ...............................................................................................404
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................405
Summary .................................................................................................................................406
Module 11
Eldo Control Language Advanced Topics
Objectives ................................................................................................................................408
Simulation Dynamic Control – The Need ...............................................................................409
Simulation Dynamic Control ..................................................................................................410
Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback Mechanism ............................................................411
Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback Call Criteria ...........................................................412
Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback Definition ...............................................................413
Simulation Dynamic Control - Extended Simulation Functions ...........................................414
Simulation Dynamic Control – Callback vs ESF Example ....................................................415
Objectives ................................................................................................................................416
ECL and Monte-Carlo Simulations .........................................................................................417
ECL & Monte-Carlo Simulations: Eldo Controls the Loop....................................................418
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
ECL & .MC - Eldo Controls The Loop - Example .................................................................419
ECL & Monte-Carlo Simulations: ECL Controls the Loop....................................................420
ECL & .MC – ECL Controls The Loop - Example ................................................................421
Controlling Monte-Carlo Simulation with ECL .....................................................................422
Monte-Carlo Simulation Fine Control Flow ...........................................................................423
Objectives ................................................................................................................................424
Example – PLL Lock Time .....................................................................................................425
Eldo Control Language ...........................................................................................................426
ECL .........................................................................................................................................427
ECL Text Output .....................................................................................................................430
Build Waveform ......................................................................................................................431
ECL Scenario ..........................................................................................................................432
ECL Code – Load the Netlist ..................................................................................................433
ECL Code – Run N cycles ......................................................................................................434
ECL Code – Retrieve the Crossing Times ..............................................................................435
ECL Code – Compute the Jitter ..............................................................................................436
ECL Code – Decide to Run Another N Cycles, or Stop .........................................................437
ECL – Simple Waveform Creation .........................................................................................438
ECL Code – wset_values ........................................................................................................439
Execution.................................................................................................................................440
Graphical Outputs ...................................................................................................................441
Summary .................................................................................................................................442
Module 12
Statistical Tools
Objectives ................................................................................................................................444
Need for Statistical Simulations ..............................................................................................445
Monte Carlo Simulation Principles .........................................................................................446
Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) ...............................................................................447
Probability Distribution Function — PDF ..............................................................................448
The Mean ...............................................................................................................................449
The Variance ...........................................................................................................................450
The Standard Deviation...........................................................................................................451
Skewness Definition ...............................................................................................................452
Kurtosis Definition ..................................................................................................................453
Objectives ................................................................................................................................454
PDF of Standard Normal Distribution ....................................................................................455
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
From Standard Normal to Normal ..........................................................................................456
CDF of Standard Normal Distribution ...................................................................................457
Is Normality Propagated in a Circuit ? ....................................................................................458
Example — Not Everything is Normal ..................................................................................460
Log-Normal Distribution ......................................................................................................461
Example — Monte Carlo Netlist ............................................................................................463
Example — Log-Normal Distribution ....................................................................................464
Example — Log() of the Current ............................................................................................465
Conclusion for Log-Normal Distribution................................................................................466
Normality Tests With KS ........................................................................................................467
Objectives ................................................................................................................................468
Estimation Problem .................................................................................................................469
Estimation of the Expectation .................................................................................................470
Sample Mean Estimator is Unbiased ......................................................................................471
Estimation of the Variance — Known µ .................................................................................472
Estimation of the Variance — Unknown µ .............................................................................473
Estimation of the Standard Deviation .....................................................................................475
Sample Mean Convergence.....................................................................................................476
Central Limit Theorem (CLT) Introduction ............................................................................477
Central Limit Theorem (CLT) ................................................................................................478
Sample Mean: Convergence Type and Rate ...........................................................................479
Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................481
Summary .................................................................................................................................482
Module 13
Confidence Interval
Objectives ................................................................................................................................484
Experimental Verification ......................................................................................................485
Real Meaning of Confidence ..................................................................................................486
Probability and Confidence Interval .......................................................................................487
A bit of theoryConfidence Interval Concept ...........................................................................488
Some General Remarks ...........................................................................................................489
Relative Accuracy versus Sigma/Mean ..................................................................................490
Confidence Interval Accuracy.................................................................................................492
Practical Implementation: AVG Confidence Technique ........................................................493
Objectives ................................................................................................................................494
Complex Case: Variance .........................................................................................................495
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
New Distribution is Needed ....................................................................................................496
The ?2 Distribution .................................................................................................................497
Chi Squared Table ...................................................................................................................498
Normal Case Example.............................................................................................................499
Practical Implementation: STD Confidence Technique .........................................................501
Objectives ................................................................................................................................502
Bootstrap Technique Introduction...........................................................................................503
Bootstrap Technique Overview...............................................................................................504
New Collection of Samples .....................................................................................................505
Bootstrap Collection Example ................................................................................................506
Sample Mean or Variance Computation .................................................................................507
Error Estimation ......................................................................................................................508
Confidence Interval Based on Bootstrap Results ....................................................................509
Confidence Interval Representation ........................................................................................510
Recapitulation .........................................................................................................................511
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................512
Summary .................................................................................................................................513
Objectives ................................................................................................................................515
DEV/LOT Correlation ............................................................................................................516
Definition of Parameters Variation With .MODEL ................................................................517
Distribution Types ...................................................................................................................518
User-Defined Distribution .......................................................................................................519
Model Parameter Defined With .MODEL and .MCMOD ......................................................520
Monte Carlo Parameter Defined With .PARAM — DEV and DEVX ..................................521
Correlation Coefficient Between Parameters ........................................................................522
.CORREL PARAM Example .................................................................................................523
.MC Sampling Parameters ......................................................................................................524
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................525
Standard Monte Carlo .............................................................................................................526
DATAFLOW=1 ......................................................................................................................527
Simple Monte Carlo Example .................................................................................................528
Standard Monte Carlo Outputs ...............................................................................................529
Bootstrap Confidence Example...............................................................................................530
PDF and CDF Curves Available Automatically .....................................................................531
New Histogram Presentation Starting AMS13.1 ....................................................................532
Histogram Expansion ..............................................................................................................533
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
EZwave Histogram Annotations & Stat Legend .....................................................................534
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................535
How Many MC Runs? ............................................................................................................536
Incremental Monte Carlo ........................................................................................................537
Display Evolution of Monte Carlo Run ..................................................................................538
Incremental Monte Carlo Syntax ............................................................................................539
Save/Restart Mechanism .........................................................................................................540
Save/Restart Example .............................................................................................................541
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................542
Monte Carlo Convergence Monitoring ...................................................................................543
Settling Algorithm Concept ....................................................................................................544
Run_Length Control ..............................................................................................................545
Settling Example .....................................................................................................................546
Complete Settling Syntax ........................................................................................................547
Settling Algorithm Tuning ......................................................................................................548
Confidence Algorithm Concept ..............................................................................................549
Confidence Example ...............................................................................................................550
Complete Confidence Syntax ..................................................................................................551
Confidence Algorithm Tuning ................................................................................................552
Results on the Provided Example ...........................................................................................553
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................554
Introduction to Sensitivity .......................................................................................................555
Sensitivity Analysis .................................................................................................................556
Important Parameters ..............................................................................................................557
Sensitivity Analysis Concept ..................................................................................................558
Global Sensitivity ....................................................................................................................559
Global Sensitivity Results .......................................................................................................560
Standard MC and Global Sensitivity results ...........................................................................561
Large Scale Screening .............................................................................................................562
Large Scale Screening Results ...............................................................................................563
Global Sensitivity and Lars Results ........................................................................................564
Large Scale Screening References ..........................................................................................565
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................566
Summary .................................................................................................................................567
Objectives ................................................................................................................................569
Lower/Upper Specification .....................................................................................................570
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Specific Extract Functions ......................................................................................................571
ICARLO and NBCARLO Specifications ...............................................................................573
Monte Carlo Index .................................................................................................................574
Monte Carlo Helpful Options ................................................................................................576
Help to Solve Errors in Extract Statements ............................................................................577
Objectives ................................................................................................................................578
Sampling Plan for Standard Monte Carlo ...............................................................................579
Monte Carlo Sampling Methods .............................................................................................580
Purpose of Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) ........................................................................581
Two Dimensions Case ............................................................................................................582
X and Y Dimension .................................................................................................................583
LHS Final Coverage ................................................................................................................584
LHS Is Not Worst/Extreme Case – Not Even Close ...............................................................585
Guidelines When Choosing LHS ............................................................................................586
LHS Example using monte_carlo_sensitivity.cir ....................................................................587
LHS and Sensitivity with Lars Algorithm (Sens=3) ..............................................................588
.MC SAMPLING=LHS Summary ..........................................................................................589
Objectives ................................................................................................................................590
Purpose of Super Saturated Design (SSD) ..............................................................................591
Three Distinct Steps ................................................................................................................592
Modeling Accuracy .................................................................................................................594
Guidelines When Choosing SSD ............................................................................................595
Sampling SSD versus RAND .................................................................................................596
.MC SAMPLING=SSD Summary ..........................................................................................597
Objectives ................................................................................................................................598
Purpose of Importance Sampling Monte Carlo (ISMC) .........................................................599
.MC SAMPLING=ISMC ......................................................................................................600
Monte Carlo Acceleration for Rare Events .............................................................................601
Failure Probability using MCPROB .......................................................................................602
Example of MCPROB Definition ...........................................................................................603
Probability Results with Standard MC ....................................................................................604
Monte Carlo Acceleration for Rare Events (ISMC) ...............................................................605
Guidelines When Choosing ISMC ..........................................................................................606
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................607
MGC Examples .......................................................................................................................608
Summary .................................................................................................................................609
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Module 16
Other Sensitivities
Objectives ................................................................................................................................611
Nothing is as Easy as it Looks ................................................................................................612
DC Mismatch ..........................................................................................................................613
DC Mismatch Definition .........................................................................................................614
DC Mismatch Results .............................................................................................................615
Subcircuit Parameter Sensitivity - .SENSPARAM .................................................................616
Sensitivity Analysis of Sub-Circuit Parameters (.SENSPARAM) .........................................617
.SENSPARAM Results ...........................................................................................................618
.SENS TRAN ..........................................................................................................................619
Transient Sensitivity Analysis (.SENS TRAN) ......................................................................620
.SENS TRAN Results .............................................................................................................622
Objectives ................................................................................................................................623
Screening Analysis ..................................................................................................................624
.DEX — Design of Experiment ..............................................................................................625
.DEX DESIGN Parameter .......................................................................................................626
.DEX Syntax ...........................................................................................................................627
.PARAMDEX .........................................................................................................................628
PARAMDEX Example ...........................................................................................................629
DEX Results ............................................................................................................................630
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................631
Summary .................................................................................................................................632
Module 17
Electro-Thermal Simulation
Objectives ................................................................................................................................634
Thermal Effects in ICs ............................................................................................................635
Device Temperature Fluctuation .............................................................................................636
Thermal Effects Performance Failure .....................................................................................639
Classical Temperature Handling .............................................................................................640
Solution Before AMS15.3 .......................................................................................................641
New Eldo Solution Starting AMS15.3 ....................................................................................642
Electro-Thermal Simulation Flow...........................................................................................643
Objectives ................................................................................................................................644
True Electro-Thermal Principle ..............................................................................................645
Interconnected Subcircuits Example ......................................................................................646
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Additional Outputs Available .................................................................................................647
Electro-thermal Simulation Mode: ETMODE=1 ...................................................................648
Electro-thermal Simulation Mode: ETMODE=2 ...................................................................649
.TEMPNODE Syntax ..............................................................................................................650
.TEMPNODE Rules ................................................................................................................651
.TEMPNODE Limitations ......................................................................................................652
Sorting of Thermal Contributors .............................................................................................653
No Heat Contributing Devices ................................................................................................654
Objectives ................................................................................................................................655
PLL Jitter Degradation Due to Thermal Coupling ..................................................................656
The PLL and Its Aggressors ....................................................................................................659
Nominal PLL Response (T=27C,No Electro-Thermal) ..........................................................660
Open–loop VCO Response To Temperature Changes............................................................662
Closed-loop Response to a Temperature Step ........................................................................663
Visualizing Electro-Thermal Results ......................................................................................664
Buffers Activity Creates Temperature Fluctuations ...............................................................665
VCO Local Temperature .........................................................................................................666
Thermal PLL Response ...........................................................................................................667
Electro Thermal Flow Summary .............................................................................................668
Summary .................................................................................................................................669
Module 18
Noise Analysis
Objectives ................................................................................................................................671
Noise Analysis ........................................................................................................................672
Definition of Input Noise ........................................................................................................673
Noise Sources ..........................................................................................................................674
AC and Transient Noise Source Examples .............................................................................676
Creating a Noise Source From RMS or Peak-to-Peak Specs ..................................................677
Added Noise Sources ..............................................................................................................678
Noise Models for Resistors, Diodes, and BJTs .......................................................................679
Noise Model for MOS Transistors ..........................................................................................680
Specifying Eldo Noise Model for BSIM3v3 MOS .................................................................681
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................682
AC Noise Analysis Overview .................................................................................................683
AC Noise Analysis Definition ................................................................................................684
NOISE at the Middle of the TRAN ........................................................................................685
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................686
AC NOISE Results ..................................................................................................................687
Formatting AC Noise Results .................................................................................................691
AC Spot Noise Figure (SNF) Measurement ...........................................................................693
Summary .................................................................................................................................694
Module 19
Transient Noise Analysis
Objectives ................................................................................................................................696
Noise Analyses in Eldo ...........................................................................................................697
.SSTNOISE vs .NOISE Analyses ...........................................................................................698
Why a Transient Noise Analysis? ...........................................................................................700
Transient Noise Advantages ...................................................................................................701
Noise Analyses Summary .......................................................................................................702
Transient Noise Algorithm ......................................................................................................703
Objectives ................................................................................................................................704
NOISETRAN Analysis on Amplifier .....................................................................................705
Noisetran Result ......................................................................................................................706
Transient Noise Analysis Results ..........................................................................................707
Example of Noisy Trajectories................................................................................................708
Objectives ................................................................................................................................709
Transient Noise Analysis Syntax ............................................................................................710
Typical RMS(t) Output ...........................................................................................................711
TSTOP Value From the .TRAN Command ............................................................................712
NBRUN — Number of Runs For RMS Noise Output ............................................................713
Limitations of Single Run Algorithm (When MRUN Is Not Used) .......................................714
MRUN — Use Multiple Runs Algorithm ...............................................................................715
FMAX: Main Factor to Increase Accuracy .............................................................................716
FMIN: Algorithms Selector ...................................................................................................717
New Transient Noise Algorithm (FMIN=0) ...........................................................................718
Original Transient Noise Algorithm (FMIN>0) .....................................................................719
Transient Noise Algorithm (FMIN > 0)White Noise With NBF=3 and NBF=50 ..................720
Speeding Up Transient Noise Analysis...................................................................................721
Transient Noise in Eldo Premier .............................................................................................723
Extract Noise Commands ........................................................................................................724
Objectives ................................................................................................................................725
Comparing Different Noise Analyses Results ........................................................................726
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
AC NOISE Analysis on Amplifier ..........................................................................................727
SSTNOISE Analysis on Amplifier .........................................................................................729
Which Settings Are Important? ...............................................................................................730
Transient Noise Summary .......................................................................................................732
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................733
Summary .................................................................................................................................734
Module 20
Transient Noise Results
Objectives ................................................................................................................................736
Phase Noise and Jitter .............................................................................................................737
Noise Modeling .......................................................................................................................738
Long Term Jitter — Introduction ............................................................................................739
Long Term Jitter — Definition ...............................................................................................740
Long Term Jitter — Assumptions ...........................................................................................741
Long Term Jitter ......................................................................................................................742
Long Term Jitter with 1/f Noise ..............................................................................................743
Other Useful Jitter Expressions ...............................................................................................744
Phase Noise .............................................................................................................................745
L(f) Definition .........................................................................................................................746
L(f) : PSD of the Output Signal .............................................................................................747
SPHI(f) Definition ...................................................................................................................748
L(f) and SPHI(f) ......................................................................................................................749
Phase Noise Quantities ............................................................................................................750
Computing Long-Term Jitter From Phase Noise ....................................................................751
Jitter for PLLs .........................................................................................................................752
Clock Recovery PLLs .............................................................................................................755
General Case ...........................................................................................................................756
Objectives ................................................................................................................................758
Measuring PLL Phase Noise Spectrum Through .NOISETRAN ...........................................759
Transient Simulation Until PLL Steady-State ........................................................................760
Transient Noise Simulation at Steady-State ............................................................................761
Measuring Jitter From .NOISETRAN Results in EZwave .....................................................762
Jitter Toolbox in EZwave ........................................................................................................763
Tools > Jitter Examples ...........................................................................................................764
Objectives ................................................................................................................................765
.SSTNOISE Measurement ......................................................................................................766
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
PHNOISE Results: .NOISETRAN Versus .SSTNOISE.........................................................767
Measuring PLL Jitter Through .SSTNOISE ...........................................................................768
Long-Term Jitter Measurement in EZwave Versus LT_JITTER from .SSTNOISE Analysis769
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................770
Summary .................................................................................................................................771
Module 21
Reliability Analysis (UDRM)
Objectives ................................................................................................................................773
Aging Reliability: Industry-Wide Issue ..................................................................................774
What Is Aging? .......................................................................................................................775
Hot Carrier Injection — NMOS ..............................................................................................776
Bias Temperature Instability — PMOS ..................................................................................777
Introduction to Reliability Analysis ........................................................................................778
What Does the Analysis Provide? ...........................................................................................779
Verification Flow Incorporating Reliability............................................................................780
Flow Description .....................................................................................................................781
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................782
New Eldo Functions and Commands .....................................................................................783
Using Reliability Analysis in Eldo ..........................................................................................784
AMS15.1:Extension to Verilog-A ..........................................................................................785
AMS15.3 – Extension to Non-Active Elements .....................................................................786
.AGEMODEL Parameters.......................................................................................................787
.AGEMODEL versus .MODEL ..............................................................................................788
Main .AGE Parameters ...........................................................................................................789
Reliability Repetitive Scheme Flow Chart ..............................................................................790
Monitoring Outputs .................................................................................................................791
Digital (Ring Oscillator) Example ..........................................................................................793
Additional Features .................................................................................................................794
Sorted Degradation Summary .................................................................................................795
Aging Sensitivity .....................................................................................................................796
Aging Simulations Performance Improvement .......................................................................797
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................798
Implementation .......................................................................................................................799
Stress Model ............................................................................................................................800
HC Stress Models ....................................................................................................................801
NBTI Stress Models ................................................................................................................802
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Updated Models ......................................................................................................................803
HC Update Models ..................................................................................................................804
NBTI Update Models ..............................................................................................................805
UDRM Interface......................................................................................................................806
First User — Defined Function ...............................................................................................807
Next User — Defined Functions .............................................................................................808
Step 1 — Run a Fresh Transient Simulation ..........................................................................809
Step 2 — Calculate the Stress of Each Device .......................................................................810
Step 3 — Calculate the Delta Change .....................................................................................811
Step 4 — Run the Final Degraded Simulation ........................................................................812
Interface Functions ..................................................................................................................813
Hot Carrier — Stress Model Template ...................................................................................814
Device Model Saved Quantities ..............................................................................................815
Hot Carrier — Update Model Template .................................................................................816
Compiling a Reliability Model ...............................................................................................817
Model Debugging Hints ..........................................................................................................818
Summary — Reliability Analysis in Eldo ...............................................................................819
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................820
Summary .................................................................................................................................821
Module 22
Optimization
Objectives ................................................................................................................................823
Why Optimization May be Needed.........................................................................................824
Optimization Flow ..................................................................................................................825
Simulator / Optimizer Interactions ..........................................................................................826
Optimization in Eldo ...............................................................................................................827
Netlist Example .......................................................................................................................828
How to Start ............................................................................................................................829
Objectives ................................................................................................................................830
Default Optimization Algorithm .............................................................................................831
How to Define an Appropriate Model ....................................................................................832
Step 1 : Defining Design Parameters ......................................................................................833
Discretization of Final Parameter............................................................................................834
Parameter Types ......................................................................................................................835
Scaling Variables — Automatic Scaling.................................................................................836
Scaling Variables — Manual Scaling .....................................................................................837
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Defining Tracking Parameters With .CORREL EXPR ..........................................................838
Step 2: Defining a Target ........................................................................................................839
Target Example .......................................................................................................................840
.Objective Syntax ...................................................................................................................841
Scaling Design Objectives ......................................................................................................843
Step 3 : Defining an Optimization ..........................................................................................844
Optimizing Noise Figure Example .........................................................................................845
Optimizing Input Match Example ..........................................................................................846
Multi-Point Objectives Curve Fitting Example ......................................................................847
Objectives ................................................................................................................................848
Step 4 : Eldo Optimizer Results ..............................................................................................849
How to Access to Different Parts of .otm File ........................................................................850
Reports Key Information.........................................................................................................851
Status Code Messages ............................................................................................................853
Displaying Optimization Results in EZwave ..........................................................................854
Reuse the Optimized Values ...................................................................................................855
Other Optimizer Options ........................................................................................................856
Troubleshooting an Optimization Problem .............................................................................857
Objectives ................................................................................................................................858
Global and Local Solution ......................................................................................................859
Multi-Corner Optimization – Default Behavior ......................................................................860
Multi-Corner Optimization – Outer Parameters .....................................................................861
Other Optimization Methods .................................................................................................862
One Dimensional Problem Example .......................................................................................863
Bisection Results .....................................................................................................................864
Secant Results .........................................................................................................................865
Bisection versus Secant ...........................................................................................................866
Search Method for Optimization .............................................................................................867
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................869
Summary .................................................................................................................................870
Module 23
Post Layout Simulation
Objectives ................................................................................................................................872
Introduction .............................................................................................................................873
What Is a Net After Extraction? ..............................................................................................874
Coupling Further Complicates Reduction ..............................................................................875
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Distributed Resistance ............................................................................................................876
Coupling Plus Intrinsic ...........................................................................................................877
Resistance, Capacitance, and Coupled Cap ..........................................................................878
Objectives ................................................................................................................................879
DSPF File Overview ...............................................................................................................880
DSPF File Net Parasitic Section .............................................................................................881
Schematic Inverter ................................................................................................................882
Schematic Inverter With Parasitics .........................................................................................883
.DSPF_include DEV=SCH .....................................................................................................884
Schematic Mode Summary .....................................................................................................885
Applies to Mode DEV=SCH Only ..........................................................................................886
What Is a Post Layout MOS After Extraction? .....................................................................887
DSPF_include DEV=DSPF ....................................................................................................889
Layout Mode Summary...........................................................................................................890
Mixed Mode ............................................................................................................................891
Why Mixed Mode is not the Default? .....................................................................................892
Multi Simulations Are Supported ...........................................................................................893
Example using AMS14.1 ........................................................................................................894
How to Deal With Non-Existing Nodes .................................................................................895
Standard Parasitic Exchange Format ......................................................................................896
Objectives ................................................................................................................................897
Extracting Multiple Parasitic Netlists From One Parasitic Networks Database .....................898
Apply DSPF_INCLUDE Filters .............................................................................................899
Remove Components By Threshold Setting ...........................................................................900
No Convergence During Post-Layout Simulation ..................................................................902
Lab Time .................................................................................................................................903
Summary .................................................................................................................................904
Module 24
Conclusion
Objectives ................................................................................................................................906
Documentation ........................................................................................................................907
Search Results Example ..........................................................................................................908
Stemming Support ...................................................................................................................909
Mentor Graphics Support ........................................................................................................910
Your First Supportnet Visit: Choose Your Product ...............................................................911
Open a Service Request ..........................................................................................................912
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Overview: All About Your Product ........................................................................................913
New Release Conventions.......................................................................................................914
What About the Next Releases? .............................................................................................915
Appendix A
Models
Objectives ................................................................................................................................917
Model Libraries Introduction ..................................................................................................918
Model Library Syntax .............................................................................................................919
MOS Model — Binning ..........................................................................................................920
More and More Effects are Included ......................................................................................922
Model File Selection ...............................................................................................................923
Library Overview ....................................................................................................................924
.INCLUDE Command ............................................................................................................925
.INCLUDE and Monte Carlo ..................................................................................................926
Simple Definition With .LIB...................................................................................................927
Library Definition With .LIB KEY ........................................................................................929
Delete Library With .DEL ......................................................................................................930
Basic Library Encryption .......................................................................................................931
Advanced Library Encryption .................................................................................................932
IP Protection for the Foundry ..................................................................................................933
IP Protection for the User ........................................................................................................934
Objectives ................................................................................................................................935
Using Behavioral Verilog-A Models Within Eldo..................................................................936
Use of a Verilog-A Model in a Netlist ....................................................................................937
Example - Verilog-A Model in a Netlist .................................................................................938
Hierarchical Verilog-A Model Example .................................................................................939
Verilog-A Model Example ......................................................................................................940
Generic and Param Usage .......................................................................................................941
Compilation .............................................................................................................................942
Case of Compiled Library Not in the Current Directory ........................................................943
CommLib QuickStart Verilog-A.............................................................................................944
.HDL Command for VerilogA as X-Statements .....................................................................945
Objectives ................................................................................................................................946
Spectre Compatibility..............................................................................................................947
Working with Multiple Languages .........................................................................................948
Objectives ................................................................................................................................949
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
EldoD_sp Generalities ............................................................................................................950
EldoD_sp Procedure................................................................................................................951
EldoD_sp Outputs ...................................................................................................................952
Objectives ................................................................................................................................953
HSPICE Compatibility ............................................................................................................954
HSPICE Compatibility Mode .................................................................................................955
Hybrid Compat Mode .............................................................................................................956
Device Models Compatibility .................................................................................................957
Objectives ................................................................................................................................958
Introduction .............................................................................................................................959
Library/Cell/View Basics ........................................................................................................960
More on Views ........................................................................................................................961
CDF Concepts .........................................................................................................................962
CDF : Description of SimInfo Fields ......................................................................................963
CDF as an ASCII File .............................................................................................................964
Access to Conversion Tools ....................................................................................................965
Simple Conversion ..................................................................................................................966
Complex Conversion ..............................................................................................................967
Conversion Tool Overview .....................................................................................................968
Importance of the Cell Type ..................................................................................................969
Conversion Flow .....................................................................................................................970
Appendix B
EZwave Major Features
Objectives ................................................................................................................................973
Basic EZwave Features ...........................................................................................................974
Advanced EZwave Capabilities ..............................................................................................975
EZwave — Elements of the Interface .....................................................................................976
Joint Waveform Database (JWDB) .........................................................................................977
.wdb and .swd Files .................................................................................................................978
Invoking EZwave ...................................................................................................................979
EZwave Integration in Artist Link ..........................................................................................980
How to Start EZwave in Artist Link .......................................................................................981
Documentation Color Scheme ................................................................................................982
Memory & Disk Space Shortage Detection ............................................................................983
EZwave Memory Management Improvement (AMS15.1) .....................................................984
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................985
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Toolbar ....................................................................................................................................986
Mouse Strokes .........................................................................................................................987
The Find Capability for Plotted Waveforms ...........................................................................988
Find Button .............................................................................................................................989
Waveform List ........................................................................................................................990
EZwave — Additional Tools ..................................................................................................991
EZwave Video Tutorials .........................................................................................................992
Module Objectives ..................................................................................................................993
Pick-Point Tool – New in AMS13.2 Release .........................................................................994
Pick-Point Mode .....................................................................................................................995
Pick Points Capabilities ..........................................................................................................996
Pick Points Default Settings ....................................................................................................998
Pick Points Specific Behavior .................................................................................................999
Module Objectives ................................................................................................................1000
Measurement Tool ................................................................................................................1001
Plotting All the Waveforms with the Same Name ................................................................1003
Tandem Mode Example ........................................................................................................1004
Tandem Mode vs Iterative Simulation ..................................................................................1005
Module Objectives ................................................................................................................1006
Waveform Calculator ............................................................................................................1007
Using the Waveform Calculator ...........................................................................................1008
Module Objectives ................................................................................................................1011
Waveform Compare Tool .....................................................................................................1012
Waveform Compare Wizard .................................................................................................1013
Comparison Method Selection ..............................................................................................1014
Viewing Waveform Comparison Results..............................................................................1015
Algorithm ..............................................................................................................................1016
X_min, x_max, y_min, y_max ..............................................................................................1017
Tolerance Area ......................................................................................................................1018
Tolerance Tube......................................................................................................................1019
Module Objectives ................................................................................................................1020
Performing Power Analysis in EZwave ................................................................................1021
Power Analysis Window .......................................................................................................1022
Running the Analysis ............................................................................................................1023
Power Table ..........................................................................................................................1024
Module Objectives ................................................................................................................1025
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
File > Save Menu ..................................................................................................................1026
Tcl File Example ...................................................................................................................1027
Getting Help ..........................................................................................................................1028
Appendix C
AC Family
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1030
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1031
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1032
Why a Pole-Zero (PZ) Analysis May be Needed..................................................................1033
Interactive Post Processor Command....................................................................................1034
Example Question Asked by pz Command ..........................................................................1035
Pole-Zero .mpz Output File...................................................................................................1036
How to Get an Accurate Model ............................................................................................1037
Limitations of the Post Processors ........................................................................................1039
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1040
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1041
Appendix D
Scattering Parameters
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1043
Frequency Domain Characterization of n-Port Circuits .......................................................1044
Scattering Parameters Generalities .......................................................................................1045
S-Parameter Extraction Definition ........................................................................................1046
S-Parameter Result Output ...................................................................................................1047
S-Parameter Extraction Results (AC Analysis) ....................................................................1049
How to Reuse an Existing S-Parameter File .........................................................................1050
Touchstone Data Format .......................................................................................................1052
S-Parameter Model Quality ..................................................................................................1053
Useful TechNotes ..................................................................................................................1054
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1055
S-Parameter Support More Robust in AMS11.2 ..................................................................1056
Preparing Data for Time Domain ..........................................................................................1057
Declare FBLOCK to Use S-Parameter File ..........................................................................1058
CPF Advantages ....................................................................................................................1059
Passivity ................................................................................................................................1061
FORCE_PASSIVITY ...........................................................................................................1063
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1064
Specific S-Parameter Measurements.....................................................................................1065
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1073
Mixed-Mode S-Parameters Overview ..................................................................................1074
Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Extraction ...................................................................................1077
Mixed-Mode S-Parameters Simulation .................................................................................1078
Lab Time ...............................................................................................................................1080
Summary ...............................................................................................................................1081
Appendix E
FFT
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1083
Digital Signal Processing Topics ..........................................................................................1084
Fast Fourier Transform — FFT.............................................................................................1085
FFT — Generalities...............................................................................................................1086
FFT of a Periodic Signal .......................................................................................................1087
FFT of a Non-Periodic Signal ...............................................................................................1088
FFT in Eldo and EZwave — Summary of Main Parameters ................................................1089
Simulation Parameters for FFT .............................................................................................1090
Simulation Parameters for FFT Example ..............................................................................1092
FFT Inside ELDO .................................................................................................................1093
FFT Example .........................................................................................................................1098
FFT Waveforms ....................................................................................................................1099
FFT Example .........................................................................................................................1100
FFT: DISPLAY_INPUT=1 ...................................................................................................1101
FFT Example — Results .......................................................................................................1102
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1103
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Inside ELDO .....................................................................1104
PSD Models ..........................................................................................................................1105
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1106
DSP in EZwave .....................................................................................................................1107
Lab Time ...............................................................................................................................1108
Summary ...............................................................................................................................1109
Appendix F
Tcl Post-Processing
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1111
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Extending Eldo With Tcl ......................................................................................................1112
Tcl Usage — Macros versus Post-Processing .......................................................................1113
USE_TCL Command ............................................................................................................1114
Creating Macro-Like UDFs With Tcl ...................................................................................1115
More Complex Macro-Like Example: Sample and Hold .....................................................1117
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1118
TCL_WAVE .........................................................................................................................1119
CALL_TCL ...........................................................................................................................1120
PPL Library in ELDO ...........................................................................................................1121
Specifics of Tcl UDFs Called With .CALL_TCL ................................................................1123
evalExpr Function .................................................................................................................1125
defineVec and display Functions ..........................................................................................1126
PPL Predefined Function Library .........................................................................................1127
Tcl Example Using Information Commands and Loops ......................................................1128
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1129
wfc Function .........................................................................................................................1130
More Complex Example of wfc Usage ................................................................................1131
Documentation of Tcl Usage ................................................................................................1132
Lab Time ...............................................................................................................................1133
Summary ...............................................................................................................................1134
Appendix G
Artist Link
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1136
Setup Simulator .....................................................................................................................1137
Setup Model Libraries ...........................................................................................................1138
Setup Outputs ........................................................................................................................1139
Setup Simulator Options .......................................................................................................1140
Netlist and Run ......................................................................................................................1141
Direct Plotting in EZwave .....................................................................................................1142
Simulation Speed-up .............................................................................................................1143
DC Convergence ...................................................................................................................1145
Simulation Technology .........................................................................................................1146
Post Layout ...........................................................................................................................1147
Extract ...................................................................................................................................1148
Extract — Only Mode ...........................................................................................................1149
Save Operating Area .............................................................................................................1150
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Checksoa ...............................................................................................................................1151
Sens and Statistics .................................................................................................................1152
Monte Carlo ..........................................................................................................................1154
Optimizer...............................................................................................................................1155
Aging .....................................................................................................................................1156
Noise Analyses ......................................................................................................................1157
Fast Fourier Transform .........................................................................................................1158
S Parameters ..........................................................................................................................1159
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1160
Solve an Installation Problem ...............................................................................................1161
Solve an Error Message ........................................................................................................1163
Important Cadence files ........................................................................................................1164
OpenAccess versus CDB ......................................................................................................1165
Cadence Licenses ..................................................................................................................1166
Testcase to Illustrate a Problem ............................................................................................1167
CDF (Component Description Format) ................................................................................1168
Possible Library Conversions ...............................................................................................1169
Environment Options ............................................................................................................1170
OCEAN Script Creation ........................................................................................................1171
ADE-XL vs. ADE-L .............................................................................................................1172
Limitations in ADE-XL Support ...........................................................................................1173
Appendix H
ICanalyst Major Features
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1175
ICanalyst Verification Environment .....................................................................................1176
Analog and Mixed Signal Verification Flow ........................................................................1177
Advanced Verification Environment ....................................................................................1178
ICanalyst Flow ......................................................................................................................1179
ICanalyst GUI .......................................................................................................................1180
Statistical Simulation Save Time With Automatic Stopping ................................................1181
Parameter Screening..............................................................................................................1182
Design Tuning .......................................................................................................................1183
Distributed Resource Management .......................................................................................1184
Waveform Database Usage ...................................................................................................1185
Coverage Driven Verification ...............................................................................................1186
Metric-Driven Verification Flow ..........................................................................................1187
Table of Contents
Eldo Advanced Simulation
Tracing Requirements to Verification Results ......................................................................1188
A Comprehensive Verification Solution ...............................................................................1190
How to Start ..........................................................................................................................1191
Appendix I
Pyxis Introduction
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1193
Pyxis: A Platform for IC Design Projects .............................................................................1194
What Is a Project? .................................................................................................................1195
Pyxis Hierarchical Objects ....................................................................................................1196
Environment Variable Definitions ........................................................................................1197
Cell Views .............................................................................................................................1198
Schematic Views ...................................................................................................................1199
The Pyxis User Interface .......................................................................................................1200
Accessing Online Help ..........................................................................................................1201
Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1202
Simulation .............................................................................................................................1203
Entering Simulation Mode ....................................................................................................1204
Creating A Design Configuration .........................................................................................1205
Simulation Environment Setup .............................................................................................1206
Simulation Setup ...................................................................................................................1208
Setup Analysis .......................................................................................................................1209
Setup Library Model Scenarios .............................................................................................1210
Setup Forces ..........................................................................................................................1211
Setup Parameters and Sweeps ...............................................................................................1212
Setup Simulator Options .......................................................................................................1213
Setup Additional Commands ................................................................................................1214
Setup Outputs ........................................................................................................................1215
Pyxis Netlister — Fast Netlisting ..........................................................................................1216
Netlist Control File ................................................................................................................1217
Netlist Control File Example ................................................................................................1218
Running a Simulation ............................................................................................................1219
Viewing Simulation Results ..................................................................................................1220