țele Eficienței Energetice - ODYSSEE-MURE · Profilul Eficienței Energetice: România Martie 2015 The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors

Romania | Energy profile, May 2018

The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the

authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.

Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any

use that may be made of the information contained therein

Energy efficiency trends and policies

Overview

In 2015, the final energy consumption in Romania was close to 22 Mtoe, with 7.2% smaller than the final energy

consumption in 2000. The residential sector, the largest consuming sector, recorded 6% decrease in its share of

the total final energy consumption since 2000 – from 42 % to 36 %. The second largest consumer, industry

recorded 11% decrease in its share of total final energy consumption, from 38% to 27%. From 2000 to 2015, the

services and transport sectors had the same evolution. The share in the total energy consumption increases with

6% and 11%. In 2015 the consumption in agriculture was slightly above its 2000 level, 15 %.

Figure 1: Final energy consumption by sector (normal climate)

Source: ODYSSEE

Energy efficiency for final consumers, as measured by ODEX, improved by an average of 2,5%/year. In industry

and residential sectors, the pace of energy efficiency improvements has been steady (3.3 %/year for industry and

3.2%/year for residential). In the residential sector, this trend can be explained by the introduction of the

regulations affecting appliances and buildings.The transport had a rapid progress with 6,1% /year in the 2000-

2006, and a stability afterwards. The services sector did not have a real progress and ODEX had a constant and

invariable value.

Figure 2: Technical Energy Efficiency Index






Source: ODYSSEE

According to EU obligations Romania has set a national indicative target of 19% for reducing energy consumption

by 2020. The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency-III for 2014-2020 was approved by GD122/2015. It provide

measures similar to those included in the previous plans. Romania’s indicative energy efficiency target is to

achieve primary energy savings of 10 Mtoe by 2020. The envisioned 19% reduction corresponds approximately to

a target of 42.99 Mtoe primary energy consumption and 30.32 Mtoe of final energy consumption. The Law on

Energy Efficiency no. 121/2014 transpose EU Directive 27/2012 on Energy Efficiency into national legislation. The

main purpose of the law is to establish a coherent legislative framework for the development and

implementation of national energy efficiency policy in order to achieve the national target. The Romanian Energy

Regulatory Authority (ANRE) is responsible for transposing the provisions of this law into secondary legislation.

Accordingly to that, ANRE established the Department for Energy Efficiency within ANRE (order no. 95/2014).

Primary energy in 2012 was 34.8 Mtoe 20% lower than the 2020 target, the final energy consumption was 25%

lower than the target. This indicate that the measures of the NEEAPs contributed to reductions of primary and

final energy consumption.

Table 1: Sample of cross-cutting measures

Measures NEEAP

measures

Description Expected

savings,

impact

evaluation

More

information

available

Promotion of high

efficiency

cogeneration

yes Promotion of high efficiency cogeneration

represents a key measure in reducing primary

energy consumption. Cogeneration was largely

promoted in Romania during the period of

centralized economy with the technology and

equipment available in those times. Systems of

large district heating were accomplished in many of

the cities in the country in order to feed the blocks

of flats with heat. At present most of them are

highly worn. The Romanian Energy Regulatory

Authority (ANRE) issued the secondary legislation

necessary to apply this document. As a

consequence, Romania effectively applies the

support scheme that foresees bonuses for the

electricity produced in these plants. In the same

time, Romania promotes producing electric power

from renewable sources of energy (including

biomass) by applying the mechanism of the

mandatory quotas combined with the transaction

of the green certificates. Those who generate

electric power from biomass within high efficiency

cogeneration plants may select one of the two

support schemes mentioned above.

Medium Link

EU-related: Energy

End-use Efficiency

yes Energy Efficiency Law no. 121 was published in the

Official Gazette dated 1 August 2014. Until 2020,

High Link

http://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/output1_gc.asp







and Energy Services

ESD (Directive

2006/32/EC) - Law

on Energy Efficiency

Use

the new law requires a national mobilization for

achieving the target of reducing energy

consumption by 20%. National policy for energy

efficiency is part of the energy policy of the state,

and improving energy efficiency is considered a

strategic objective because of the major

contribution to the achievement of security of

supply, sustainability and competitiveness of

energy savings and reduction of GSG. This is one of

ANRE`s responsibilities, through the Energy

Efficiency Department, coordinated by a vice-

President of ANRE.

Information

campaigns

regarding

improvement

energy efficiency

yes ANRE has a key role in informing and motivating

consumers and concerns itself with focusing energy

consumers on necessities and possibilities to

reduce the energy consumption. Since November

2014, based on Energy Efficiency Law no. 121/2014,

an Office for consumers’ information and

motivation shall operate within ANRE, and its main

purpose shall be to develop consumers’

information, motivation and awareness programs,

that will lead to using energy efficiency

technologies and reducing final users’ energy

consumption. Consumers’ information programs

are vital in order to efficiently implement policies

and measures using proper technical and financial

resources. Promotion on ANRE web page,

publications, workshops, seminars all around the

country, within all the territorial offices of ANRE,

webinar for all involved factors shall be the main

tools of this office. Case studies related to energy

efficiency projects, the results of some projects

cofinanced by the Intelligent Energy Europe

Program were, are and shall be disseminated on

ANRE web page and within meetings with

consumers.

Medium Link

Source: MURE

Buildings

In the 2000-2015 period, energy consumption of residential per dwelling decreased from 1.4 to 0.37 koe/dw,

which means 1.76 %/ year. The decrease rate was higher in the first year by 16%. This trend can be explained by

the increasing sales of energy-efficient equipment and increasing of the number of dwellings after 2000. In 2000-

2011 period, energy consumption of space heating per m2 decreased by 40.6%. The drop rate was high, namely

3.7 koe/year. This variation is due to the increase in the number of temporarily inhabited holiday homes and to

the energy efficiency measures implemented through the renovation of the old dwellings.







Figure 3: Energy consumption of space heating per m2

Source: ODYSSEE

In 2000, on average, 53% of the total energy consumed in the home accounted for cooking, 33% for water

heating and 14% for electrical appliances.The consumption of electrical appliances relative to the number of

dwellings has been increasing with 45.5%, this is explained by the increasing of number of electrical appliances.

The energy consumption for cooking relative to the number of dwellings was constant in the same period, 0.3

toe/dw.

Figure 5: Main drivers of the energy consumption variation in households

Source: ODYSSEE

The final energy consumption of residential buildings was lower by 2.05 Mtoe in 2015 than in 2000. Two main

factors contributed to the increase energy consumption over the period – more dwellings (by 0.58 Mtoe),

lifestyle (3.1 Mtoe - “larger homes”) The energy savings (4.31 Mtoe) explain the drop of the final energy

consumption offsetting growth.






Figure 6: Energy and electricity consumption per employee (normal climate)

Source: ODYSSEE

Table 2: Sample of policies and measures implemented in the building sector

Measures Description Expected

savings,

impact

evaluation

More

information

available

Energy Performance

of Buildings

(Directive

2002/91/EC) -

Energy Performance

of existing Buildings-

obligatory energy

efficiency

certificates

For the first step, the owner must find an energy auditor

than can be legal entity or independent person. The role of

energy auditor is to make a technical building expertise and

to prepare a energy report of building. Technical expertise

consists of the measurement of areas of the building,

control building envelope, examination of bills and more.

The price of certificate for energy varies depending on the

building area, 1-4 Euro/m2 . Also, the price will decrease if

the surface is repeatable, such as apartment or those who

have several properties. Without this certificate buildings

can not be built, sold or rented.

Medium Link

Revised Directive for

Labelling of Energy-

related Products

(Directive

2010/30/EU) -

Energy efficiency

improvement of

heating-cooling

systems on

individual housing

The measure fully transposes into the Romanian legislation

the Commission Directive 2002/31/EC implementing Council

Directive 92/75/EEC with regard to energy labelling of

household air-conditioners. The Government adopted the

Decision 407/2003 on establishing the energy labelling and

energy efficiency requirements for introducing on the

market the household air-conditioners that entered in force

in April 2004. The Government Decision 407/2003 was

replaced by the Government Decision 1871/2005 in order to

meet further amendments of the Commission Directive

2002/31/EC, including also provisions regarding the noise

requirements, as well as the Romanian standards adopted

Medium Link

http://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/output1_mr.asp







in line with the European standards.

Energy Performance

of Buildings

(Directive

2002/91/EC) - New

Buildings-building

code

According to the provisions of the law an energy

performance certificate is mandatory to be issued starting

with 1st January 2007, both for new buildings and existing

ones, excepting the existing residential houses and blocks of

flats for which the energy performance certificate will be

mandatory when they are sold or rented out, starting with

1st January 2010. The validity of the certificate is 10 years.

Regarding the inspection of boilers and technical expertise

of the thermal plants and heating installations, the law

establishes the followings: a regular inspection every five

years for the boilers fired by non-renewable liquid or solid

fuel of a rated out-put of 20 kW to 100 kW. Such inspection

is also applied to boilers using other fuels. an inspection at

least every two years for the boilers with a rated out-put

exceeding 100 kW; for the gas boilers this period can be

extended to 4 years technical expertise of the heating

installations equipped with boilers of a rated out-put

exceeding 20 kW which are older than 15 years. As regards

the inspection of air-conditioning systems the law

establishes a regular inspection every five years for the air-

conditioning systems of a rated-out of more than 12 kW.

This inspection shall include an assessment of the air-

conditioning efficiency and the sizing compared to the

cooling requirements of the building. The users will be

advised on possible improvement or replacement of the air-

conditioning system and on alternative solutions. The

energy audit and the certification of the buildings are

provided by energy auditors for buildings authorized

according to the legislation requirements. The expertise of

the heating and air-conditioning systems are developed by

technical experts accredited according to the legislation

requirements.

Medium Link

Energy Performance

of Buildings EPBD

Recast (Directive

2010/31/EU) -

Programs for

thermal

rehabilitation of the

multi-level and

single family

residential buildings

built-up 1950-1990

The Government adopted in 2002 the Government

Emergency Ordinance 174/2002 regarding the

establishment of special measures for thermal rehabilitation

of some multi-level residential buildings, which was

approved by the Law 211/2003, further amended and

modified by the Law 260/2006. The GUO 174/2002

establishes special measures for the thermal rehabilitation

of some blocks of flats (condominiums) that were built

during the period 1950-1990 in order to increase the energy

performance of these buildings. The blocks of flats -

condominiums that are going to be rehabilitated are

included in the annual thermal rehabilitation action

programs developed by the Ministry of Development, Public

Medium Link








Works and Housing on the basis of the proposals submitted

by the municipalities taking into account the eligibility

criteria and the main criteria established by the law.

Source: MURE

Transport

In 2000, the cars account for 35.4% of the sector’s energy consumption and road freight transport for 34.5%. The

air transport represents 4.5%. The remaining is split among rail (10.7%), bus (11.2%), motorcycles (0.3%), and

inland waterways (3.4%).

Figure 7: Split of the transport energy consumption by mode

Source: ODYSSEE

Car transport has developed over time in cities and between the cities to the detriment of bus and rail transport.

The traffic of passengers in 2000 was 66.8% with cars, rail 23% and bus 10.1% of total. Rail transport remains

low due to underdeveloped infrastructure.

Figure 8: Share of transport in passenger traffic






Source: ODYSSEE

The freight traffic has been increasing by 6.5%/year by increasing the traffic on road and the freight traffic in

rivers and decreasing the freight traffic in trains A significant decrease in rail traffic of goods (-1.89%/year), led to

a higher share of road in the total traffic 16.3% (+1.09%/year) and a higher share of water in the total 12.1%

(+0.81%/year).

Figure 9: Share of modes in freight traffic

Source: ODYSSEE

The transport energy consumption was only higher in 2015 than in 2000 with 1.98 Mtoe. This trend is due to the

fact that energy savings (2.73 Mtoe) balanced the effect of the growth in traffic of passengers (+2.71 Mtoe) and

other effects (0.84 Mtoe), mainly the decrease in load factors for the transport of goods with the economic crisis

(trucks less loaded with an increase in empty running).

Figure 10: Main drivers of the energy consumption variation in transport

Source: ODYSSEE

The transport sector was in a less favorable position regarding energy efficiency. In comparison with the base

year 2000, the ODEX indicator was 101% in 2011. Compared to the peak year 2005 the index was again falling by

7% with a further downward trend in the following years. Energy intensity for transport sector remained almost






the same, with a decrease of 0.4%. The energy consumption increased by 60% in 2015 compared to 2000. The

highest share was recorded in road transport. It consumed 5.07Mtoe in 2015 meaning 95% from total. To achieve

the 2020 targets several programs are running to modernize the road and the rail infrastructures and to greater

use of collective transport and the increase in rail and inland waterways for freight transport.

Table 3: Policies and measures into force in the transport sector


savings,

impact

evaluation

More

information

available

Modernization of rail

transport

Starting from the international context, the main scope of

the strategy of the National Railway Companies “CFR”-SA is

to ensure the safe operation and development of the

infrastructure it manages according to the evolutions in

European Union railway and the national market

development, so that to attract and sustain more freight

and passengers. CFR states strategically the access of all

railway actors to a functional, ecological infrastructure, on

which passengers and freight travel safely, under any

circumstances, day and night, at competition costs and

according to the established time tables. The National

Railway Companies “CFR”-SA permanently acts in order to

an efficient use of its resources and decrease of public

subsidies. The key strategy objectives for the main activity

sectors, as well as strategy actions (action lines) arisen from

these shortterm, medium-term and long-term objectives

consists with the political framework defined by the White

Charta of Transport – Road map for an European Unique

space of transport – Toward a competitive and resources

effective transport system published by the European

Commission in 2011 and also with European financing

programs 2007-2013 and 2014-2020, which create the

context of a solid commitment for Last update: 15

September 2014 international finance for the projects for

modernizing the infrastructure developed by „CFR”-SA.

High Link

Emission

performance

standards new

passenger cars

(Regulation

443/2009/EC) -

Pollution tax for

motor vehicles

General description – The legislative package was

constituted in order to enhance the quality of air, as well as

observing the obligations Romania has regarding reaching

the national targets on decreasing the greenhouse gases

emissions. The legislation Government Emergency

Ordinance no. 50/2008 establishes the legal framework for

pollution tax for light vehicles, emissions deriving from light

passenger vehicles and light goods vehicles. It is applied by

the meaning of the National Agency for Fiscal

Administration.

Medium Link

http://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/output1A_tr.asp







Promotion of

Biofuels or other

Renewable Fuels for

Transport (Directive

2003/30/EC) -

Promotion of the

use of bio-fuels for

transport

According to Government Decision No 1844/2005 (which

fully transposes the provisions of Directive 2003/30/EC)

regarding the promotion of biofuels and other renewable

fuels for use in transport, a minimum of 5.75% of biofuels or

other renewable fuels should be in use by 2010. This will be

calculated on the basis of the energy content of all types of

petrol and diesel used in transport. Government Decision

No 456/2007, which amends and updates Government

Decision No 1844/2005, foresees the gradual introduction

of a minimum percentage of biofuel content in conventional

fuels. _x0001_ Exemption from excise of energy products

(article 201 paragraph l – Fiscal Code). _x0001_ Special

Government Ordinance No 125/2006 for the approval of

direct and indirect national complimentary subsidies to

agriculture starting from 2007. Approved with

ammendaments and extensions through Law No 139/2007.

High Link

Source: MURE

Industry

The industrial sector has reduced its activity and implemented measures that have led to a decrease of 28.6% of

the final energy consumption to 6.44 Mtoe. For paper industry the rate of decline was maxim 3.9%/year. The

branches of the steel and non-metallic recorded the lowest drop rate 1,7%/year.

Figure 11: Final energy consumption by branch

Source: ODYSSEE

During the analyzed period, the unit consumption of energy‐intensive products for steel varied slowly,

remaining almost constant +0.03%/year. For paper, the rate of decline was 4.6% /year to 31.3 in 2015. This trend

is due to the energy efficiency measures implemented in the sector as well as the change of the old technologies

with some of high technology.







Figure 12: Unit consumption of energy‐intensive products (toe/t)

Source: ODYSSEE

Since 2000, most factors contributed to a decrease in industrial energy consumption (-2.58 Mtoe). Structural

changes (-4.31 Mtoe) was partly offset by effects of the increase of activity (4.09 Mtoe). The energy savings (-

4.28 Mtoe) and the structural changes explain the observed decrease in energy consumption. Energy savings

have had a much greater impact because of a higher renewal rate of equipment and efficient operations by

application of the energy efficienci legislation.

Figure 13: Main drivers of the energy consumption variation in industry

Source: ODYSSEE

The industrial sector is responsible for 29.4 % of the total energy consumption in Romania . Since 2007, the

industrial recession did not have an important effect on industrial energy consumption in Romania. The energy

intensity of the Romanian industry decreased by approximately 42% between 2007 and 2015, as a result of the

measures taken to increase energy efficiency by applying the requirements of the Energy Efficiency Law, and of

the restructuring that took place during the period.






Table 4: Policies and measures into force in industry


savings,

impact

evaluation

More

information

available

Improvement of

energy efficiency in

industrial operators

through the

implementation of

investment projects

co-financed by

community funds

The increase of energy efficiency and security of supply,

within the context of climate change/intervention major

domain 1 – Efficient and sustainable energy (enhancement

of energy efficiency and sustainable development of energy

system from environment point of view) financial sustains:

Investments in installations and equipment for industry

that lead to energy savings; Modernization of electric

power, natural gas and oil transportation grids, as well as

the electric power and natural gas distribution grids in order

to reduce the grid losses and to accomplish safely

transportation and distribution services; Investments in

heating gas desulphurization installations, burners and

filters for big burner installations from modern

units/rehabilitated.

High Link

Grant-supported

credit line for

Romania that has

been established by

the European

Commission and the

European Bank for

Reconstruction and

Development.

EBRD and OTP Bank promote energy efficiency in Romania’s

industry’ EEFF - the EU EBRD Energy Efficiency Finance

Facility - is a grant-supported financing line for Romania

from the European Commission and the European Bank for

Reconstruction and Development. Private sector companies

in Romania may identify and finance energy efficiency

investment opportunities using: 1. Free expert technical

consultancy to plan an energy efficiency investment; 2.

Loans of up to 2.5 million EUR per company from

participating banks to finance the investment; 3. 15% EU

grants - up to 375,000 EUR per grant - when the investment

is complete. The EBRD continues to support private

industrial companies in Romania in their drive to improve

energy efficiency with a new €10 million loan to OTP Bank

Romania to finance sustainable energy projects undertaken

by local businesses.

High Link

The improvement of

energy efficiency in

industrial operators

through the

management of

demand for energy

and the drawing up

of energy balance

sheets

In order to accomplish the national efficiency energy policy,

new provisions of the Law no.160 / 2016 amending and

supplementing Law 121/2014 on energy efficiency,

enterprises registering an annual energy consumption

higher than 1,000 toe/year are obliged to carry out, every

four years, an energy audit on an energy consumption

contour set by the enterprise, representing at least 50% of

its total energy consumption; the audit is prepared by an

authorized natural or legal person, according to the existing

Medium Link

http://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/output1_in.asp








law and represents the basis for determining and applying

the measures to increase energy efficiency. SMEs, are

obliged to carry out an energy audit every four years on a

representative energy consumption contour, selected by

the enterprise. To ensure the quality of energy audits, for

any end user, the Energy Efficiency Department issues the

minimum criteria for energy audits based on the

requirements set out in Annex. 4 of the energy efficiency

law, as well as a regulation on certification of energy

managers and authorization of energy auditors, except for

building energy auditors. Enterprises who after the entry

into force of this law, are implementing an energy or

environmental system certified by a certification body

agreed by a national accreditation body are exempted from

carrying out an energy audit every four years, provided that

the enterprise proves that the certification and

recertification of the management system has been mage

based on an energy audit developed under the current law.

Source: MURE

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țele Eficienței Energetice - ODYSSEE-MURE · Profilul Eficienței Energetice: România Martie 2015 The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors