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Election 1800
• Republicans focused on Northern states• Jefferson vs Burr vs Adams
– Came down between Jefferson and Burr– House of Rep Jefferson
• Smooth shift of power from 1 party to another
Election of 1800
Jefferson
• Gov’t view– “Let us restore the social intercourse that
harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things…We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”• What does he mean?
– Doesn’t matter what belief you have both parties don’t propose to destroy the gov’t
• Laissez-Faire– Gov’t hands off approach to economy
Jefferson and Judicial Branch
• Jefferson and Republicans feared the Supreme Court…b/c of power
• What is the role of the Supreme Court?– Judicial Review: power to decide if a law
passed by Congress is Constitutional • Marbury v. Madison
I. A New Term
• Jefferson’s 1st term– foreign trade
– national debt– Supreme court acquires power of Judicial
Review (interpret the Constitution)– Republicans popular,
win 2nd term
ELECTION
OF
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8
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Chapter 8:2Looking Westward
II. Looking Westward• Spain ceded Louisiana, W. FL & NO to France in
1800.• Napoleon wanted French empire in N. Am• Jefferson fears trade loss in New Orleans• James Monroe & Robert Livingstone sent to
Paris = offer $10 million for New Orleans & W. Florida
• Revolution in Haiti = Napoleon’s troops suffer, he abandons dreams of N. American empire.
III. Louisiana Purchase• France offers to sell US entire
Louisiana Territory– Jefferson = undecided
• Desire to extend US• Unsure if federal gov’t had authority to buy
land, not in Constitution
• Accepts offer, Senate ratifies treaty = size of US doubled ($15 million; 4 cents per acre!)
• Jefferson’s justification; protecting Americans
IV. Lewis & Clark
• Expedition- journey with a purpose, led by 2 US Army officers; Meriwether Lewis and William Clark– Travel up Missouri River to explore new
land.
• Sacajawea- acts as guide, interpreter = build peaceful relations w/ natives in new land
• Results: – Knowledge of new land, animals, terrain, etc.– Claim Oregon country– Opened up routes for settlers
(1812 = 70,000 people settled in Louisiana Territory)
8:2 Review• The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from
France and its exploration was the first and largest American venture in geographic expansion after the United States had won its independence.
• Directions: Copy the following chart and then write a brief statement telling what role each person played in this drama of national expansion. See my example.
Thomas Jefferson wanted to purchase
the port city of New Orleans
Lewis & ClarkYork
Sacajawea
Napoleon Bonaparte
Pierre Toussaint
L’Ouverture
Talleyrand
James Monroe
Robert Livingston
Role in American Expansion
Sacajawea- Shoshone Indian who served
as a guide and Interpreter with the Core.
York- Slave with hunting, Fishing, and survival skills,
on expedition
Napoleon- French Leader; wanted to abandon N Am.
Empire by selling it to the US
L’Ouverture- led RevolutionIn Haiti which forced France
to give up dream on American empire
Thomas Jefferson
Lewis and Clark- explored
and mapped the Louisiana Territory
Talleyrand- foreign ministerfrom France, offered
Louisiana Territory to US (15 mill)
James Monroe- sent to France
To help Livingston purchaseNew Orleans
Robert Livingston- US Envoy to France, offer $10 million for New
Orleans and W. Florida
Role in US Expansion
8:3 Drifting Towards WarEscalating Foreign Affairs Issues“Nature and a wide sea, peace, is our
passion”-Jefferson
Events leading to the War of 1812
In 1803 France & Britain were again at war.-Piracy- preying on ships at sea-Barbary states-US at war with Tripoli b/c of tributes and captureof us sailors
Stephen Decatur: put a stop to piracy in Tripoli in 1815
Impressment- forceful kidnapping of soldiers (GB seized US sailors & deserters
Chesapeake (frigate) destroyed by Leopard, US sailors captured = US pushed towards war with GB
Berlin & Milan decrees• 1803• Napoleon ordered seizures of any
ships with British goods trying to deliver to France & other Euro countries
• Milan– No trade w/ Europe & GB
• inhibited US right to trade as a neutral nation.
Orders in Council- • 1807 • Passed by GB in
response to France
• All neutral ships must stop in GB before they can trade in Europe
• GB threatened by US
• US risks seizure of ships
Embargo Act• 1807• Not respecting our neutrality!• US will not trade w/ anyone, ships
forbidden to sail for foreign ports!• Attempt to hurt GB and
France how?• Disaster for US
Election of 1808
• President?– James Madison– Republican
Non-Intercourse Act-
• 1809- Replaced the repealed Embargo Act
• US resume trade with everyone, but France and GB
Macon’s Bill No. 2• 1810• Whoever respects US neutrality 1st
will gain US trade..• France removes Berlin/Milan Decrees
– Trick!!!!?• US cut off trade w/GB 1811 (Madison)
US DRIFTING TO WAR WITH GB!
US declares war on GB, Why?
• Causes of War of 1812– Hunger for land= British Canada– Impressment, taking of US sailors and
ships– Not respecting neutrality/trade hurting– Pressure to go to war by “war hawks”– Incitement of Indians on frontier
Frontier
• Indian attacks on frontier– Who backed them?
• GB
• Potawatomi and Shawnee tribes– Tecumseh try to unite tribes
• The Battle of Tippecanoe– William Henry Harrison– Defeats Tecumseh
• Sides w/ GB
8:4 THE WAR OF 1812
Madison’s grievances or problems against Great Britain?
- Impressments- Blockades- Inciting Indian attacks
- William Henry Harrison sent troops Ohio river valley
- Rejecting diplomatic efforts at peace
Troubles US faced in attacking Canada?-soldiers scattered throughout US-top commanders were too old-no single commanding general-no overall plan
Locations of American victories
• Lake Erie (control of Great Lakes)• Thames (Tecumseh killed)• North Point (turning point)• Battle of Baltimore
In 1814, British offensives sent to?
• Washington• Baltimore• New Orleans
British burn public buildings, including?
• Capitol• White House
Type of men who served as soldiers under Jackson at New Orleans?-regular soldiers-militia-pirates-free African Americans
New Orleans:I. Greatest American victory but it was useless.II. Peace treaty had been signed two
weeks earlier in Europe.
New Orleans
Types of Boats used by US• Small ships• Small gunboats• Frigates- medium sized warships (“Old Iron
Sides, the USS Constitution)
Treaty of Ghent: Signed Dec. 24 1814
• Stop fighting• Restore old boundaries• Put other problems off for future
settlement
Not included in the Treaty of Ghent?
• No word about neutral rights being respected or impressment stopping!!!
• No land changed hands
Results of War of 1812!
• Jackson becomes national hero!• Manufacturing in US develops
because of lack of European goods• More respect from other countries• Nationalism, thinking of themselves
as Americans increased (national unity, patriotism)
• Federalist party dies out
ESSAY!
• Why was this war so crucial or important to the newly United States of America?