Election 1928

The Democratic Party Begins to Shift

Roosevelt to the RescueElection in 1932

Democratic Party and FDR 1932Democratic Party and FDR 1932

Platform• Repeal Prohibition• Assist Farmers• Balanced Budget• Confidence and Optimism• Roosevelt Promises a “New Deal” for Americans

Group Activity

• For the Great Depression problem (8) assigned to your group, what remedies were undertaken during the New Deal? How would you evaluate these remedies?

Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess information and draw conclusions

1. LeadershipFireside Chats

Relief, Recover, Reform

Confidence

“Brain Trust”

Charisma

Pump Priming

Keynesian Economics

What is meant by the expression “priming the pump”?

What is Keynesian economics?

Eleanor and FDR

2. Banking and MoneyRemedies

Bank Holiday -- Recovery

Glass-Steagall Act created FDIC -- Reform (Relief and Recovery)

Emergency Banking Relief Act – Relief/Recovery

- Fireside chat to regain confidence

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/mediaplay.php?id=14540&admin=32

Run on the Banks

3. Unemployment

Remedies

CCC -- Relief (Recovery)

PWA -- Relief (Recovery)

CWA -- Relief (Recovery)

FER--Relief

NY--Relief

3. Unemployment*2nd New Deal (1935)

(2nd Hundred Days)Remedies

Emergency Relief Appropriations Act

Created WPA -- Relief (Recovery) (1935)Roads, subways, airports, zoosSchoolsArtists Writers ComposersActors

The New Deal

WPA Worker’s First Paycheck

Harry Hopkins and WPA Actors

A Pensive Hopkins

4. FarmingAAA (1933)-paid farmers subsidies

-exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products -unconstitutional violates 10th

Amendment

Second AAA (1938) -- Relief (Recovery)

-general tax=constitutional

Rural Electrification Administration -- Relief (Recovery)

Farm Security Administration (FSA)-Relief

Farm Tenancy Act

Rural Electrification Admin. Project Dedication

5. Industry and LaborRemedies

NIRA-National Industrial Recovery Act-

-Set industry codes / unconstitutional

Wagner Act --> NLRA

National Labor Relations Board-authority to conduct voting in workplaces to determine whether employees wanted union representation

**Growth of Unions

CIO

• AFL vs. CIO • AFL-skilled workers• John Lewis -1935-Committee for Industrial

Organization• Represented an end to divisions based on

social rank – GM sit-down strike – US Steel

NRA: “We Do Our Part”

6. Assistance for the Elderly, Disabled and Unemployed

Remedy

Social Security Act – Reform (1935)

-Old age pensions

-survivor benefits

-unemployment insurance

-aid for dependent and disabled

Social Security Check

Frances Perkins (left) with Social Security Board Member Mary W. (Molly) Dewson. 1/20/38. FDR Library Photo.

7. Environment

Remedies

CCC -- Relief

(Recovery)

TVA -- Reform

(Relief and Recovery)

TVA: Norris Dam, Norris, TNTVA: Norris Dam, Norris, TN

CCC Hauling Rock

8. Securities

• Solution: Federal Securities Act

-forced companies to share info with public to prevent over-speculation

– Est. • SEC (Securities Exchange Commission)

-Watchdog over stock market

-Reform Stock Market

Answer the questions in your Answer the questions in your groups from beforegroups from before

Pretend you are a critic…What Pretend you are a critic…What do you think of the New Deal?do you think of the New Deal?– Which New Deal remedies were most Which New Deal remedies were most

successful? Which were not?successful? Which were not?– Which were the longest lasting?Which were the longest lasting?– Do you agree or disagree with FDR’s Do you agree or disagree with FDR’s

approach?approach?– Were FDR’s policies Liberal or Were FDR’s policies Liberal or

Conservative?Conservative?

The Spectrum with Politics in MindThe Spectrum with Politics in Mind

Rad

ical

Libera

l

Mod

era

te

Con

serv

ati

ve R

eact

ion

ar

y

“LEFT” “RIGHT”

How did critics and demagogues like Father Coughlin impact the New Deal?

Major New Deal CriticsMajor New Deal Critics

Father CoughlinFather Coughlin Huey Long “Kingfish”Huey Long “Kingfish” Francis TownsendFrancis Townsend American Liberty League American Liberty League

– What were their criticisms?What were their criticisms?– What were their plans?What were their plans?

Election of 1936

• Ignored Rep. nominee, Governor Alf Landon of Kansas (2 states)

• Union Party (Coughlin & Townsend) (>2%) • Republicans attacked FDR being overly

bureaucratic/planned economy • Momentous shift African Americans in

North switched from Rep. party of Lincoln to Democratic Party

Conservative Supreme Conservative Supreme CourtCourt

What issues did it have with the New Deal? What issues did it have with the New Deal? Why?Why?– Gave president too much power over other Gave president too much power over other

branchesbranches– May 1935- May 1935- Schechter Poultry Corporation v. Schechter Poultry Corporation v.

United StatesUnited States-destroyed key parts of NIRA-destroyed key parts of NIRA– 1936- 1936- United States v. Butler United States v. Butler –exclusive tax –exclusive tax

used to raise money for farmer subsidies in used to raise money for farmer subsidies in AAA=unconstitutionalAAA=unconstitutional

How did FDR try to combat the Court?How did FDR try to combat the Court?– Court Packing (1937)Court Packing (1937)

What was the final outcome?What was the final outcome?– Lost Lost

What are these artists commenting on? Why was it significant?

Life During the New Deal Life During the New Deal

Answer questions on handout Answer questions on handout

Why does unemployment increase in 1938? What is the significance of this increase?

Answer the questions on the Answer the questions on the “Impact of the ND” handout“Impact of the ND” handout

In the End, was the New In the End, was the New Deal Liberal or Deal Liberal or Conservative?Conservative?

Reflect on the following question:

What is the proper role of government?

Some Important Terms for Some Important Terms for TestTest

RFCRFC SECSEC NRANRA AAAAAA WPAWPA TVATVA CCCCCC

This Land is my LandThis Land is my Land

SSA (Social Security)SSA (Social Security) CWACWA PWAPWA FDICFDIC Federal Emergency Federal Emergency

Relief ActRelief Act Federal Securities ActFederal Securities Act Wagner ActWagner Act

New Deal for ChristmasNew Deal for Christmas