Electric Mobility in France

Electric Vehicle Landscape AnalysisSteve Colling, Sanna Tuononen, Raisa Salo

Paris, December 2010

Contents• Introduction• Value Chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Introduction• France is the second largest car manufacturer in

Europe• The automotive sector is thus of considerable

importance to the French economy• It represents close to 10% of the jobs in the manufacturing

and energy industries• With its €5 billion R&D budget each year, it is the biggest

R&D spender, representing alone around 17% of the total• It makes more than 12% of France exports

• In addition to car manufacturers there are lot of suppliers as well – the biggest French ones are Faurecia and Valeo

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Introduction• The French car manufacturers are seen as forerunners

in the electric vehicle sector in Europe• In France, there will be supply

• Between Q4 2010 and Q1 2011 French OEMs shall launch 8 new electric cars

• Between Q3 2011 and Q3 2012 Renault will launch 4 new electric cars, developed in partnership with Nissan. After repackaging Mitsubishi’s cars, PSA is expected to deliver its own EV in 2013

• In total, Renault and PSA should be able to sell 60 000 electric cars in 2011-2012

• There will (hopefully) be enough charging stations• By 2015, 900 000 private and 75 000 public charging points are

expected to be installed. And by 2020 the figures should reach, 4 million private and 400 000 public

• Several legal measures have been passed to oblige construction firms to install charging points in parking lots (starting in 2012), and then all companies to equip the parking lots of their offices (by 2015). 1 250 public charging stations should be installed by 2012 in about 20 cities, requiring a 60 million € investment

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Introduction• But, will there be demand?

• Till 2012 the French government offers a 5 000 € check to each private customer of a vehicle producing less than 60g of CO2

• 20 large private and public companies have gathered to place an order of 50 000 electric vehicles with a 150 km minimum autonomy, with deliveries starting in 2011. The action was coordinated by the Ministry of Environment

• Starting in the end of 2011, Avis will be making Renault electric vehicles available for rent through its outlets in Europe as part of its green fleet. The pre-order is for 500 EVs

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• Introduction• Value chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Value chain overview

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InfrastructuresVehicles Services

Car dealers

IT Solutions

Mobility operators

Charging station operators

Transport & logistic firms

9 electric car OEMs

battery and EV components

electric passenger

cars

electric buses

electric trucks

electric LCV

3 electric bus & truck OEMs

Utility firms

charging station OEMs

Concession & construction

firms

Government subsidies for R&D and EV purchases

Government investments and sponsored projects

Batteries: Batscap, Renault-Nissan, Saft, Dow KokamOther: PVI, Valeo

DBTSchneider Electric

Legrand

Vinci

EDFOEM’sNorauto

Renault, PSA, Ligier, Venturi, Heuliez, Eco&Mobilité, Bolloré, FAM Automobiles, Lumeneo

Renault trucksPVIGruau

Veolia, SNCF, Suez, Keolis

TotalEDFVinci

FreshmileVeoliaVULog

Compared to traditional automotive industry, the services and infrastructures have a very important role in the EV sector

• Introduction• Value chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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9 electric car OEMs• Traditional car manufacturers

• PSA Peugeot Citroën (in partnership with Mitsubishi)• Renault (Nissan)

• Coachbuilder• Heuliez

• EV specialists• Eco&Mobilité• Lumeneo• FAM Automobiles• Venturi (PSA)

• Other• Bolloré (Pininfarina, Cecomp)• Ligier

(OEM partner in brackets)

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2 main players• Renault

• CEO Carlos Ghosn believes electric cars will represent 10% of global car demand in 2020 (i.e. 6 million vehicles). It invests on its upcoming EV and multiplies strategic partnerships for batteries and infrastructures R&D

• Thanks to its alliance with Nissan, Renault can capitalize on its partner’s experience, know-how and its joint venture with NEC for batteries (AESC)

• Plans to launch 3 EVs by the end of 2011• PSA Peugeot Citroën

• Far less enthusiastic about EVs, and therefore more cautious with its investments. Invests rather in fuel cell research (with CEA Liten) and hybrid vehicles

• Will launch 2 EVs end of 2010, both based on the I-MIEV by Mitsubishi

• Plans to produce its own EV model by 2013, and to manufacture 100 000 EVs by 2015

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Case Eco&Mobilité• SME who positions itself as a small car producer in the EV sector• Concentrated wholly on producing EVs: SimplyCity Sun already

available, and SimplyCity SC4P goes on sale in 2011 • Principal motives for producing EV came from the demand of public

collectivities, their main customers, for using sustainabledevelopment, renouvable energies and ecological solutions in cars

• R&D realised wholly inside the company in their R&D unit (10 persons) with some outside cooperation

• Doing tests with several Lithium battery and motor producers(national and international)

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Case Lumeneo• SME in the automobile industry, member of Mov’eo (see the

Clusters section)• Concentrated wholly on producing EVs using their own patented

”Moulene Concept”• First model Smera presented in 2008; concept of their second

model Neoma presented in 2010• Main investor is SNCF• Principal motives for producing EVs came both from the interest

and know-how inside the company and from the customer studies• Invests considerably in R&D inside the company• Developed own motor model and is doing tests with several Lithium

battery producers (using Kokam batteries in Smera)

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Case FAM Automobiles• Technological partner (engineering, components) of several car

manufacturers in France (Peugeot, Citroën, Renault) and abroad (e.g. Fiat, BMW, Chevrolet)

• Started own car manufacturing in 2004• Positions itself as a small car producer in the EV sector• Presented the prototype of ”F-City” (urban EV) in 2008 - the serial

production and commercialisation launched in 2010• Electric scooter under development at the moment• Around 30 % of turnover comes from the EVs – expectations are

around 60 % in the near future• R&D realised mostly inside the company, also some partnerships

such as with Pôle Véhicule du Futur (see the Clusters section) and the University of Technology Belfort-Montbéliard

• Batteries for the EV comes from Saft (France) andthe motors from ABM (Germany)

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EV launch planning

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2010Q1

2010Q2

2010Q3

2010Q4

2011Q1

2011Q3

2012Q3 2013

Renault Zoé

Peugeot BB1FAM F-City

Ligier Be Sun

Renault Fluence

Renault Twizy

Renault Kangoo

Citroen C-Zéro Peugeot iOn

Eco&Mobi SimplyCity

Citroen Belingo

Bolloré Blue Car

Heuliez Mia

Venturi Eclectic

Lumeneo Smera

EV launch planning• Aside from the Peugeot BB1 which is still at a

concept-car stage, all the models presented seem to be ready for commercial phase

• Battery and component suppliers have already been selected for the scheduled launches in 2010-2011• Renault has concluded partnerships based on joint R&D

projects with all the key suppliers• Renault is also very involved in the construction of loading

station networks, working closely with utilities and supermarket chains (Leclerc Centers)

• 2011 and 2012 will be a period of test for the EVs value propositions

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EV per category

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Renault PSA Ligier FAM Heuliez Eco& Mobilité Lumeneo Venturi Bolloré

Passengercars

Heavy quadricycle

Be Sun Proline F-City Simply

City Eclectic

Microcar Twizy Z.E. Concept

Peugeot BB1 Mia Smera

City car

Peugeot iOn /

Citroën C-Zéro

Neoma Blue Car

Small family Zoé Z.E

Largefamily

FluenceZ.E

Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)

KangooExpress

Z.E.

Citroën Berlingo

First Electrique

Vehicle as a service

Only the two main car manufacturers, Renault and PSA, are able to produce EVs in many different categories

Bus & trucks OEMs• Bus

• Partnership between PVI (coachbuilder), Bolloré (Batscapbatteries and super capacitators) and ESIEE (engineer school)

• Partnership between Gruau (coachbuilder) and Bolloré for Microbus Gruau, specialized in microbuses

• Truck• Partnership between PVI, Renault Trucks and EDF

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Battery manufacturers• There are four major companies who are

manufacturing the batteries to the EVs in France

• Batscap• Subsidiary of Bolloré, a diversified industrial company that also

developed its own EV with first Paninfarina then with Cecomp• Batscap manufactures lithium batteries and supercapacitors for the

automotive, defense and stationary markets • Teamed up with Gruau to produce electric buses

• Dow Kokam• International company developing and manufacturing battery

solutions for transportation, defense, industrial and medical industries. The French company Groupe Dassault is among the three owners

• Set up a plant in France that will start mass production of EV batteries in November 2010

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Battery manufacturers

• Saft Group• World's leading designer, developer and manufacturer of advanced

technology batteries for industrial and defense applications• Its joint venture with the American Johnson Controls (JC-S)

develops and manufactures Li-ion batteries for hybrid and electric cars. R&D and production take place near Bordeaux

• JC-S will supply batteries for Mercedes and BMW’s hybrid models, and for upcoming VW electric vehicles

• Joint venture Renault-Nissan/CEA/FSI• CEA is the research center for atomic energy with an entire unit

dedicated to new energy sources (Liten). FSI is a public investment bank

• By mid 2012, the joint venture will start manufacturing EV batteries. The plant, based in Flins (close to Paris) will have a production capacity of 100 000 batteries per year

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• Introduction• Value Chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Car dealers• Many big automotive industry operators

are developing different services for electric vehicles

• Mobivia Group• A key international player and European leader in multi-brand vehicle serving

and parts;• Vehicle repair and servicing• Creating and retailing parts and accessories• Creating and retailing services linked to motoring use

• Has 6 different brands: Norauto, Auto 6, Midas, Carter Cash, Maxauto, SynchroDiffusion

• Shareholding in new innovating companies : The Green Cove Ingénieriecompany (carpooling solutions), Moving Car (Car hiring services without a license) and Sinéo (Car washing without water)

• In July 2010; launch of a new company 02 City, which role is developing new electronic mobility solutions in France:

• Distributing a range of multi-brand electric vehicles• Financing packaged solutions (purchase or hire) that could include

insurance• Maintenance and after-sales service• Distributing charging stations and charging solutions

• O2 City will distribute an exclusive range of electric vehicles in Norauto centers from September 2010 (vehicles manufactured by Think, Reva-Mahindra and FAM Automobiles)

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Mobility Operators• Freshmile

• An association created by DBT (electric vehicle charging stations manufacturer) and Novae Energies (a renewable energy plant developer) that will unite stakeholders to develop a local solution with mobility technology 2.0.

• One of the first European operators of clean and sustainable mobility, Freshmile rolls out the technical infrastructure and the commercial offer that will allow a shift towards Car 2.0.; They build the charging infrastructure and provide the necessary tracking services for easy use of electric vehicles

• Freshmile in focusing its actions to the business travel market (corporate fleets and car sharing) offering the service with geolocation, assistance and charging infrastructure.

• Members are currently FAM Automobiles (F-City), Saft, VULog, Mondial Assistance and SNCF

• Veolia Transport• International transport service division of the French-based multinational

company Veolia Environnement• Providing public-transport services (tramway, bus network, tourist railway

and ferry services) in France• Very active in electric vehicles business:

• On of the tender in Autolib’ project in Paris (electric vehicles in car sharing service, see Case Autolib’)

• The subsidiary of Veolia Transport, Proxiway, is the provider of the Yélomobile service in La Rochelle (see Case Yélomobile)

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Mobility operators• Vulog

• Develops software for electric vehicles fleet management. Specifically, the company creates computer software and provides services for urban mobility.

• Since 3 years they are testing their solutions in Antibes, with their on-demand car-sharing service “Cité Vu”.

• Working in partnership for example with EFFEDI, FAM automobile, SNCF and Clean Energy Planet

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Charging stations operators• Total

• One of the world's major oil and gas groups operating in more than 130 countries

• Participation to the SAVE project (see Case SAVE Experiment) and installing charging points to some TOTAL stations in Paris suburban

• Leclerc and Unibail Rodamco (large distribution chains)• Working in partnership with Renault-Nissan to equip their

parking lots with charging stations• Leclerc is planning to install 50 stations during 2011, 150 till

the end of 2012, and 500 stations by 2015• Unibail Rodamco’s plan is to equip all of its 96 shopping

centres with charging stations till the end of 2012

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Transport and logistic firms• SNCF

• French National Railway Corporation• One of the tenders for Autolib’ project with AVIS, Vincipark

and RATP (see Case Autolib’)• Planning to install charging points to the railway stations

• Keolis• The largest private sector French transport group (primary

owned by SNCF) and operator of tramways, bus networks, funiculars, trolley buses and airport services (major public-transport provider)

• Is using electric vehicles in shuttle service ex. in Lyon and Bordeaux

• Work in partnership for example with EFFIA (Service provider for public transport)

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Car sharing service in France• Car sharing service is already

used in all main cities in France, but in most cases the cars are not yet electric

• However, the trend is more and more towards the use of electric vehicles in order to improve the quality of the air in the city centers

• Service is often public – private partnership including different operators

• Service (with electric vehicles) in use: • Yélomobile, La Rochelle (see Case

Yélomobile)• Cité Vu, Antibes

• Future projects :• Autolib’, Paris 2011 (see Case

Autolib’)• Autos bleues, Nice 2011• Mopy, Neuilly-sur-Seine

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Case Yélomobile – La Rochelle• 1999 first self-service electric cars in use under the name Liselec• Since 2006 the service is provided by the company PROXIWAY

(part of the group Veolia Transport) • May 2010 La Rochelle grouped together all the mobility services of

the city (Bus, bicycle, taxi, train, ferry, shuttle and carpool service) under the name of Yélo. At the same time Liselec became Yélomobile and the service was improved (geolocation and online services)

• Today Yélomobile service has 450 users, 50 electric cars (Peugeot 106 and Citroën Saxo), 7 stations. 93 % of the users are individuals and 7 % professionals

• 2011: 6 new stations and renewal of the fleet

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Case Autolib’- Paris Region• Project of electric cars free sharing service in Paris Region 2011;

First big European metropolis to create a self-service electric cars service

• In the beginning the service will include 3 000 electric cars and1 000 recharge stations

• Invitation to tender launched by Syndicate of Île-de-France region and 27 other communities -> decision will be made end of 2010

• The winning bidder, a private operator, will not only build the infrastructure but also operate the program (infrastructure, maintenance, renewal of properties, insurance and Client relations service, logistic, Software /IT) — and will be responsible for finding a manufacturer to supply the electric cars

• 4 candidates in the final session:• 4 city (Avis, RATP, SNCF, VinciPark) with Smart • ADA with Citroën Czero• Bolloré with Bluecar• Veolia Transport with Peugeot iOn

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• Introduction• Value Chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Utility firms• EDF

• Leading electricity producer and distributor, operating the world’s largest nuclear plant pool. It produces virtually all the electricity in France

• Through its Transportation and Electric Vehicle unit, it is involved in several EV projects:

• Partnership with Renault to operate a mobility operator service via Renault reseller networks, based on revenue share. A similar project is under way with PSA

• Partnership with Toyota to test its electric Prius in Strasbourg. The test started in 2007 and involves 100 vehicles and 150 charging stations

• Participation to SAVE project (see Case SAVE Experiment)• GDF Suez

• Specialized in liquefied natural gas, energy efficiency services, independent power production and environmental services

• No project yet, has ordered EVs, and maybe future entrant

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Case EDF and car makers• EDF wants to position itself as the specialist of charging station installation and

energy supplier• Signed co-operation agreements with PSA, Renault, Toyota and BMW to

test loading stations in 14 for electric and hybrid vehicles• Represent the largest test of li-ion batteries ever conducted

• Loading points in public area cost around 5 to 6000 €. Faster versions would cost 8 to 9 times more

• Standard loading stations for 4 vehicles to be installed in Paris will be 230V / 63A

• For fast loading, cables should be able to supply 43 kW in ½ an hour• Igor Czerny is the director of the Transport and Electric Vehicle at EDF:

• He sees rechargeable hybrid cars representing 2/3 of the electric vehicle market

• There should be around 500 000 electric vehicles in France by 2015 (counting both hybrid and fully electric vehicles) and 2 million by 2020

• They would require 1% of the current electric generation• But, it would create some new grid management issues, regarding the time

of peak consumption

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• DBT• SME manufacturing energy supply units for public spaces

and recharging units for EVs• Has equipped the city of Strasbourg with 150 charging

stations for the trial of electric Toyota Yaris. EDF is also part of the project

• Schneider Electric / Legrand• Both are global specialists of electrical infrastructure• They teamed up with the Italian company Scame to create

the EV Plug Alliance• “EV Plug Alliance aims to promote the use of a high

safety plug and socket solution for Electric Vehicle charge infrastructure”, i.e. to set a standard in Europe for charging stations

• In May 2010 Gewiss, Marechal Electric, Radiall, Vimar, Weidmüller France & Yazaki Europe joined the Alliance

Charging station OEMs

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Concession & construction• Vinci

• Leading infrastructure construction and concession firm. Being Europe’s 1st motorway operator and the country’s 1st

parking lot operator, it will play a key role in the development of EV infrastructure

• Among its parking lots, 19 in Paris and 24 in the rest of the countries are already equipped with charging stations

• It is among the companies that have placed the first order of 50 000 EVs

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• Introduction• Value chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Government & automotive• Local and national authorities are actively

supporting the automotive industry by all means available

• In addition to subsidies and sponsored projects, the government has encouraged the creation of automotive clusters to foster the competitiveness of the industry

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Government role - Players• National entities

• Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning (MEDAD)

• Finances the 5 000 € subsidy to each buyer of a new electric car (for private customers only)

• Sets legal standards and formulates technical recommendations for EV infrastructures

• Finances EV projects through calls for bids via ADEME• ADEME & PREDIT

• ADEME is the Environment and Energy Management Agency, under the joint supervision MEDAD and the ministry for Higher Education and Research

• Its Transport and Mobility department finances some EV R&D projects via the program of research, experimentation and innovation in land transport (PREDIT)

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Government role - Players• In 2009, PREDIT selected 11 EV projects to be financed,

totaling a 56,9 million € investment. New projects will be selected in 2010 for a 50 million € budget

• Fonds Stratégique d’Investissement (FSI)• State-controlled fund providing loans and investments to

companies innovative R&D projects• Involved with Gruau for its electric trucks and the

Renault-Nissan-CEA joint venture to develop and manufacture batteries

• Local administrations• Conseils Régionaux, Conseils Généraux, Communautés

urbaines, d’agglomérations and communes are involved in EV infrastructure projects

• They also contribute to stimulate the EV demand by equipping their own fleet and by initiating car-sharing projects such as Autolib’

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• Introduction• Value Chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Clusters working on EV• There are 4 clusters working on EV projects:

• Mov’eo• Pôle Véhicule du Futur• IDforCAR• Lyon Urban Truck&Bus

• All developed partnerships with each other as well as with local and international automotive related clusters.

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Mov’eo• Set up in 2006 in a territory gathering 70% of

automotive R&D, now with 292 members• Including 75 large corporations (incl. PSA & Renault), 134

SMEs, 38 research centers• Generated 203 projects representing €660 million

in R&D investments• 91 of these projects received state subsidies totaling €160

million• 7 research themes:

• Mobility solutions• Road Safety• Demonstration and Low CO2 Vehicles• Vehicles Environmental Impact• Energy Storage Systems• Mechatronics Systems• ICE Powertrain

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• Cluster’s projects and financing open to all companies with a R&D team based in France, with competencies in at least one of the 7 research areas

• To join the cluster a company must either present a project to which current members can participate, or have the required resources / skills to work on an open project or a call for project

• Mov’eo is also open to co-operation with other related clusters in the EU. Developing partnerships from the following countries are a priority: Germany, Austria, Sweden, Netherlands and Italy

Mov’eo

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Pôle Véhicule du Futur• Set up in 2005, now with 200 members

• Among them, 60 large corporations, 110 SMEs and 18 R&D centers and universities

• Sponsored 130 projects, including 64 receiving a total of €154 million of state funds

• Projects focus themes:• Smart Driving Systems• Urban Mobility Solutions• Urban Vehicles• Durable Technologies for Terrestrial Transportations• Non-Technological and Training Projects

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IDforCAR• Set up in 2009, now with 107 members

• Including 43 large corporations (including PSA and Valeo), 24 SMEs and 33 R&D centers and universities

• Cluster originally set up in 2005 to focus on high end car segment

• 21 sponsored projects• Projects focus themes:

• Product engineering & Process for small volumes• Vehicles components and materials• Intelligent On-board Equipments• Specific usages and Client value (i.e. niche vehicles)

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Lyon Urban Truck & Bus• Set up in 2005, now with 132 members, initiated

mainly by Renault Trucks, Irisbus France and local authorities from Lyon region• Among members are 51 large corporations and 59 SMEs

• Works on 5 R&D programs for public transports and urban transports of goods• Engine and Power train• Integrated Safety & Security• Architecture & Comfort• Transport System• Mobility Modeling & Management

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Case SAVE Experiment (1/4)• SAVE is an experiment for electric vehicles in the

Seine Aval area, around Versailles• SAVE stands for Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques• The area hosts Renault’s main R&D center and one of its

factory• The project was launched on June 30th, 2010• SAVE’s budget is 23 million €

• Mostly public money to build the infrastructure• The objective are to:

• test various business models for electric vehicles for both general and professional clients

• validate the technical choices made so far for the infrastructures, the vehicles and the IT

• measure the actual carbon footprint of EVs• gain experience in the deployment of loading infrastructure

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Case SAVE Experiment (2/4)Players involved

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Supplies 100 electric vehicles to be tested in the area

- Manages the overall project- Ensures public financing- Handles urban planning and contacts with local administrations

- Plans and deploys 300 charging points- Schneider Electric shall provide the stations- Total will finance the installations in its gas stations

Case SAVE Experiment (3/4)Charging stations (CS) map

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Parking CSShopping centers CS

Fast CS

Administration CS

Street CS

Infrastructure as of July 2010

Case SAVE Experiment (4/4)Schedule• Vehicles

• Deliveries from January till July 2011• Test period till July 2012

• Infrastructures• Charging stations in private and corporate parking lots from

November 2010 till May 2011• Fast charging stations to be installed from March till June 2011• Road side charging stations to be installed starting in April 2011

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Renault Fluence Z.E., Nissan LEAF and Renault Kangoo Express Z.E. shall be the 3 types of vehicules used for SAVE

• Introduction• Value Chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Conclusions• Given the current autonomy of the batteries and their charging time, all

the EV projects are for urban mobility• More than the price, the autonomy of the electric vehicles is the

main barrier• State subsidies are essential to the commercial success of EV.

• In fact without them, EV would not be able to compete given their current price, 2 times more expensive than a car from the same category

• Urban planning and transport are intertwined.• Expensive and long-term investment decision are being made to

know how to adapt the environment to this new technology and its constraints

• Strategic alliances and clusters are essential to develop solutions• However, big car makers, battery manufacturers and utilities are

working together, sharing the costs and the risk to develop the new EV solutions

• Business models and earning logics are still unclear and haven’t been tested yet

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• Introduction• Value Chain

• Vehicles• Services• Infrastructures• Government Role

• Clusters• Conclusions• Recommendations

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Recommendations• If Finnish companies want to benefit from the

development projects of electric vehicles in France, they will have to invest in the country and build partnerships with local players

• Finnish companies should also follow closely the evolution in leading automotive countries like France to be able to meet the needs of the new transport solutions

• Finland’s assets may be found from the IT sector, as new solutions will be needed to manage the interaction between the vehicles and their new environment

• Smart grid systems and lithium recycling capacity will also be key elements to the industry

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