Electrical safety in Photovoltaic Systems Types of system
Requirements in the standards Protection against electric shock PV
generator earthing Inverters Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Slide 2
2 Key-Account OEM Personal:Holger Potdevin Technical Data:
Age:45 Family:Martina my wife and 2 sons Jonas(17), Nils(8)
Profession:Dipl.-Ing. Electronics Personal record:1991-1992
Development dep. BENDER 1992-1994 Region sales Hamburg/SH 1994-1996
Inside sales group north 1996-2000 Product manager hospital-market
2000 Sales leader ESB 2000-2009 SCHROFF GmbH Sales-office Hessen
2009- Back at home BENDER Key-Account
Slide 3
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 3 The future of the
supply of electrical power The efficient, appropriate usage of
nature's resources is the objective of all operators, independent
of whether with solar, wind, water or biogas installations. Bender
provides reliable solutions proven worldwide to Detect possible
electrical hazards at an early stage Ensure the safety of personnel
and installations Immediately detect critical operating states and
installation states Reduce risks of failure and service
interruptions to a minimum Ensure high installation availability by
means of preventive action Efficiently manage installation
data.
Slide 4
Wind-Power-Generators: Default Frequency Windenergie Report
Deutschland 2008, by ISET Kassel
Slide 5
Wind-Power-Generators: Monitoring Solutions 1-Insulation
Monitoring in main circuit 2-Insulation Monitoring in control
circuits 3-RCM in yaw-drive 4-RCM in pitch-drive 5-voltage/frequncy
monitoring 6-communications
Slide 6
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 6 The future of the
supply of electrical power Source: Prof. Strunz,
www.sense.tu-berlin.de
Slide 7
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 7 More yield and
return for PV installations For a high return on a PV installation
Lots of sunshine Good planning Protective measures compliant with
the standards High quality components Thorough installation
monitoring Safeguarding the predicted yield over the entire life of
the installation requires: The necessary monitoring systems and
safety features, compliant with the standards (e.g. insulation
monitoring) Increased reliability by means of the early detection
of impending faults The majority of the laws promoting the use of
renewable energy are based on the subsidised sale of the energy
generated Installation failures lead to direct losses of revenue
(reduction in the funding quota and reduction in the return) Fault
location: In case of a fault, appropriate equipment eases quick
localisation and rectification
Slide 8
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 8 Basis PV systems
from some W up to MW Voltages from 12 V up to 700 V and more
Earthed and unearthed PV generators Earthed and unearthed module
frames of the PV generators Inverters : -with 50/60 Hz transformers
-Without transformers -RF transformer Insuring the electrical
safety for -The general public -Specialists (e.g. electricians)
-Emergency services personnel, e.g. fire brigade
Slide 9
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 9 Basic definitions
according IEC 60364-7-712 / DIN VDE 0100-712
Slide 10
Fire hazard in TN-Systems PV-Generators 1/2 The Bakersfield
Fire, by Bill Brooks Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Slide 11
Fire hazard in TN-Systems PV-Generators 2/2 The Bakersfield
Fire, by Bill Brooks Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Slide 12
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 12 Basic layout of a
PV generator String inverters Central inverter Team technology
Medium voltage application
Slide 13
Overview ISOMETER PV TypisoPV485IRDH275(B)- 49335 IsoPV +
AGH-PV-3 isoPV-boardisoPV-module monitoringungrounded/unearthed
PV-systems peak-power 100 kWp 250 kWp 250 kWp 300 kWp 300kWp
inverterinverter with galvanical separation voltageDC 01000 VDC
0650 VDC 01100 VDC 01000 VDC 01500 V max. leakage capacitance C e
100 F 999 F 2000 F 350 F 2000 F response value10 k (fix)1 k 10
M0,2100 k1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 k 200 1 M
Slide 14
isoPV485 improved IR488 up to 1000VDC up to 100F leakage
capacitance fixed response value (10k) internal resistance 200k
supply 12 - 72 VDC new front design SOP: November 2011
Slide 15
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 15 Insulation
monitoring device A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 universal
insulation monitoring device for un-earthed systems (IT systems)
AC, AC / DC 0 793 V, DC 0 1100 V - in conjunction with coupling
unit AGH-PV3 Optimal adaptation to the installation structure due
to two separately adjustable tripping values (0.2 k 100 k) for
pre-warning / main alarm Precise measurement of the insulation
resistance in all operating conditions such as voltage fluctuations
/ high system leakage capacitances (up to 2000 uF) - using patented
AMPplus measurement technique Time-saving parameter setting due to
modifiable installation profiles Immediate information on device
setting and system leakage capacitance via information button
Flexible signals due to 2 separate alarm relays Ideal for
installations with several inverters operated in a team A-ISOMETER
iso-PV 3 Coupling unit AGH-PV-3
Slide 16
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 16 Insulation
monitoring device A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 One service interruption per
hour costs approx. 8 % of the yield (KACO) With IT system no
service interruption on 1st fault Increased fire safety Insulation
faults that occur are detected and signalled at an early stage
Increased protection of personnel Only DC on PV modules, small AC
ripple Your advantages with an un-earthed power supply (IT system)
The PV system has a high level of availability = high yield
Insulation fault location in operation Shut down of the
installation not necessary = high yield Time and personnel
significantly reduced Localisation of the insulation fault down to
the PV module
Slide 17
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 17 Insulation
monitoring device A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 in applications operated in a
team
Slide 18
isoPV-board pcb supply 9 40V DC connectors 2 galv. separated
outputs (PWM + Ok) galv. separated RS485-Interface mounting
spots/DIN-rail clamps universal measuring-module 2 LED (Ok, Alarm)
button (Test, Reset) potentiometer for response value low-ohmic
coupling hybrid (240 kOhm) size pcb: 171 x 84 mm size total: 175 x
90mm completely casted up to 350F leakage capacities up to 1000V DC
SOP: HMI 2012
Slide 19
isoPV-Modul (SMA): Layout
Slide 20
isoPV-Modul (SMA): Technical Details Features: Insulation
Monitoring for large PV-plants two response values (200..1M)
automatical adjustment (learn) integrated PGH 50 mA integrated RCM
connection monitoring self-test separated outputs for
insulation-fault, system-fault, RCM-fault CAN, RS485, USB
interfaces SD-card-slot (data-logging) DC 1500 V internal
resistance of 50 k leakage capacities of up to 2000 F SOP: Q1
2012
Slide 21
Erthfault detected but where? Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Slide 22
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 22 Insulation fault
location on the PV modules Arrow marking on the probes In PV
systems it is normally difficult to enclose both conductors with
the probe To eliminate the effect of the load current on the
individual conductors, 2 probes are used
Slide 23
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 23 Insulation fault
location system EDS Test device PGH473 Insulation fault evaluator
EDS460-DG Portable evaluation system EDS 190 Measuring current
transformer series W .. Your advantages More operational continuity
and as a result significantly more yield Recommendation for PV
installations 100 kWp in accordance with UTE Quick localisation of
the insulation fault while live = no shut down necessary Precise
fault location - significantly less time required compared to
"inspecting the area"
Slide 24
RCMB100 Function Universal AC/DC current sensitive differential
current monitoring module type B Effective value measurement (AC +
DC) Frequency range 0500 Hz Connection monitoring for the measuring
current transformer The effective value of the DC components in the
differential current and the AC components under the limit
frequency is formed and provided as a DC voltage proportional to
the differential current on the module output (X1). Exceeding the
measuring range is also signalled via a switched output (X12). In
addition, the control input (X10) is polled. Depending on the HIGH
/ LOW level sequence, the RCMB100 is reset with / without
subsequent
Slide 25
Starting procedure of transformerless String-inverters
Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin IFIF ICIC II 1- und 3-phasige
transformatorlose Wechselrichter PIKO 3.0.. 10.1
Slide 26
VMD424 fits new requirements medium voltage guidelines, German
public utilities frequency response values adjustable within
0,05-Hz range SOP: KW 38 2011
Slide 27
NA-Schutz (grid-/plant-protection) according to VDE-AR-N 4105
up to now: -DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1, TAB, Niederspannungsrichtlinie,
etc. VMD423 from 01.01.2012: VDE-AR-N 4105: additional requirements
functional safety history for alarms with timestamp new frequency
response values integrated and central grid-/plant-protection
VMD4105
Slide 28
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 28 BENDER PV
Solutions TypeRCM100BIR488IRDH275(B)- 49335 IsoPV + AGH-PV-3
EDS473+ PGH471 VMD422 MonitoringResidual Current earthed system
Insulation resistance unearthed system (IT system) Insulation fault
location IT system Voltage, frequency asymetry PV-System typical 30
kWp 250 kWp 250 kWp 100 kWp 30 kWp Type of inverterwithout
transformer Inverter with built-in transformer or external (MV)
Transformer Interface to public low voltage grid Nominal voltageDC
01000 V DC 0650 V DC 01100 V DC 20960 V 3(N)AC 0-500 V Max. Leakage
capacitance 30 uF 999 uF 2000 uF 500 uF Response value Measuring
range AC/DC 0500 mA 30 k1k 10 M 0,2100 k 5 mA (10 k)
Slide 29
Bender Germany www.bender-de.com
F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 29 Thank you for
your attention! Dipl.-Ing. W. Bender GmbH & Co.KG Londorfer
Strae 65 35305 Grnberg Germany www.bender-de.com Phone+49 (0) 6401
807-280 Fax+49 (0) 6401 807-279 [email protected]
Internet: http://www.bender-regenerative.com Copyright Pictures:
www.fotolia.de, www.pixelio.de, www.sma.de, www.fronius.de, Bender
Archiv Subject to change without notice - Dipl.-Ing W. Bender GmbH
& Co.KG, Germany The presentation and illustrations included
are protected by copyright. Duplication, translation, microfilming
and storage in electronic systems, especially for commercial
purposes, are not permitted without the publisher's consent. We do
not provide any guarantee or accept any liability for incorrect or
omitted entries. All data are based on manufacturers' information.
All logos and product names are registered trade marks of the
related manufacturer.