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Engr. HIPOLITO A. LEONCIO Chairman, Electrical Safety and ESEA committee
ELECTRICAL INSPECTION STRATEGY AND GUIDE
• Republic Act 7920
An act providing for a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the practice, licensing, and regulation of electrical engineers and electricians
STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS The Philippine Electrical code
is used nationally as the
basis for safeguarding
persons, buildings and its
contents from hazards that
may arise from the use of
electricity.
This code contains provisions
which is considered
necessary for safety and thus
is used as basis for the legal
enforcement agency in the
government regarding
electrical installation
Electrical
Safety
Enforcement and
Awareness
February 10, 2011 – MOA Signing for
the 3-year Electrical Safety Enforcement
and Awareness (ESEA) Campaign Project
May 21, 2011 – Launching of ESEA at
the Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines, Inc Head
Office.
ESEA Profile
ESEA Profile June 27, 2011 – President Aquino signed
Proclamation No. 193 declaring the Month of
May of every year thereof as the Electrical
Safety Month.
May 24, 2013 – Addendum to the MOA was
signed at Taal Vista Hotel, Tagaytay City. This is
to continue the campaign on electrical Safety
• DECLARING THE MONTH OF MAY
OF EVERY YEAR AS THE
ELECTRICAL SAFETY MONTH
WHEREAS, many lives and
properties are lost due to fires
and electrocution
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
• WHEREAS, most of these fires and incidents of electrocution are attributed to “faulty electrical wiring”
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
• WHEREAS, economic
losses brought about by
fires contribute to
reduced productivity and
therefore affect the
economy of the country
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
• WHEREAS, there is a real need
to increase public awareness on
electrical safety and educate our
people in the safe use of
electricity.
MISSION - To ensure ESEA is
properly enforced through improving
local inspectors’ capacity and to
increase the public’s awareness on
electrical safety.
ESEA Profile
• VISION - To be a major campaign that leads the public towards an electrically safe environment.
ESEA Profile
Objectives
•designed to enhance the enforcement
of the Philippine Electrical Code
(PEC);
•provide capacity building to improve
the skills of local inspectors
• increase the awareness of and
educate the public on the importance
of electrical safety
ESEA Profile
•and strengthen the institutional cooperation between government and industry such as the local government units, developers, and contractors association, among others.
“Electrical Safety Starts With Me!” – ESEA Slogan
ESEA Profile
Electrical Safety Flyer
Prime on Electrical Inspection for residential Units
THIS PRIMER HAS FOLLOWED THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE IIEE INSPECTION GUIDE, WHEREIN THE INSTITUTE HAS TAPPED THE ELECTRICAL ENFORCING AUTHORITIES IN ORDER TO COME UP WITH A SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS THAT IS DESIGNED TO SUPPLEMENT THE LATEST PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE EDITION AND PROVIDE GUIDANCE IN APPLYING CODE PROVISIONS
THE PRIMER ON PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE PART 1
THIS MANUAL DO NOT WISH TO FULLY INTERPRET THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE, BUT HOPEFULLY ATTEMPTS TO STANDARDIZE THE INSPECTION GUIDELINES ALL OVER THE COUNTRY, AND EVENTUALLY FOSTER A CULTURE OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACES.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY ENFORCEMENT AND AWARENESS
This manual is intended to inform the general public about the importance of Electrical Safety in our daily lives.
Electrical Safety
Key Result Areas • Compliance with
National/International Standards
– Safety
– Workmanship
• Improve Power Quality
– Voltage Stability
– Arrest Surges
– Harmonics
• Attain Flexibility – Reduce/Add Loads
• Maintain Reliability – Interruption Frequency
– Interruption Duration
• Ensure Cost Effectiveness – Effective Budget Cost
– Efficient Maintenance Program/Enercon/man
– Energy Savings
Electricity - The Dangers
• About 5 workers are electrocuted every week
• Causes 12% of young worker/people/ workplace deaths
• Takes very little electricity to cause harm
• Significant risk of causing fires
20
Electricity- The Dangers • 12,301 Fires recorded nationwide- source BFP as of
2013
WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL INSPECTION & AUDIT?
• An electrical audit is a thorough survey/ inspection, review and evaluation of an electrical system which is already in operation for several years.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF AN ELECTRICAL INSPECTION &
AUDIT? • The purpose of an electrical safety inspection or audit is to identify potentially hazardous electrical situations and provide corrective actions for these situation.
OBJECTIVES of ELECTRICAL
INSPECTION & AUDIT - 1
• # 1. Determine compliance of the electrical system to electrical safety, viz-a-viz:
- Philippine Electrical Code (Part I & II)
- National Electrical Code - NFPA 70E - NFPA 70B - OSHA 1910.331-335
- Other Electrical Codes (IEC)
OBJECTIVES OF AN ELECTRICAL
INSPECTION & AUDIT – 2,3,4
• #2. Review and provide corrective actions for
safe electrical work processes.
• # 3. Review and provide corrective measures for electrical maintenance tools.
• # 4. Identify efficient measures and potential cost savings through modifications/ improvements in the electrical system.
• So what would be the samples of electrical violations or errors that you should be mindful of when you do your electrical audit/ inspections?
1. THE USE OF HIGHER RATED CIRCUIT PROTECTION . . . THIS IS A RAMPANT VIOLATION!
1-A. ANOTHER CASE OF USING VERY HIGH RATING OF PROTECTION..
AS INSPECTED IN 2011, THE SIZE OF THIS SERVICE ENTRANCE FEEDER IS 2 – 14 SQUARE MM IN A PVC CONDUIT, SO THAT THE ALLOWABLE AMPACITY IS
70 AMPERES BUT THE PROTECTION IS 200-AMPERE FUSES!
THE IIEE ESC/ESEA VOLUNTEER TEAM IN 2012 REPLACED IT WITH 100-AMPERE FUSES.
Ex.2.D UNINTENTIONALLY CREATING
STRAY CURRENTS/ localized heating
. . THIS WAS DISCOVERED JUST RECENTLY ON A 40-STOREY TOWER ELSEWHERE IN A CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT IN METRO MANILA!
NOTE THE SAME PHASE CONDUCTORS IN SAME RS CONDUIT. HOW COULD THE SITE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER AND/OR ELECTRICAL FOREMAN MADE THE OVERSIGHT!
3. INADEQUATE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING . .
WHAT WOULD BE THE MAXIMUM GROUNDING RESISTANCE? IS IT 25 OHMS?5 OHMS?1 OHM? THE LOWER THE VALUE, THE SAFER! WHY? GROUND FAULT CURRENT SEEKS THE PATH OF LOWER RESISTANCE.
4. NOT USING GROUNDING TYPE CONVENIENCE OUTLETS . . .
5. NOT USING GFCI DEVICE FOR CIRCUITS IN
DAMP LOCATIONS OR EXTERIOR AREAS . .
6. NOT CHECKING THE BUS BAR CAPACITY OF THE PANEL BOARDS/ BUS BAR GUTTERS . .
7. FAILURE TO TEST COMPLETELY BEFORE ENERGIZATION
• AFTER A PROLONGED SHUTDOWN OF A SWITCHGEAR, A DANGEROUS ARC FLASH FAULT BETWEEN PHASES MAY RESULT AFTER ENERGIZATION OF THE BUS BARS!
• THIS MAY HAPPEN WHEN THERE IS A FAILURE TO
DETERMINE THE INSULATION RESISTANCE OF THE ENCLOSED
BUS BARS.
• AFTER A PROLONGED SHUTDOWN ON A HUMID DAY, MOISTURE MAY OCCUR DUE TO CONDENSATION INSIDE THE SWITCHGEAR.
• WARNING: ALWAYS MEGGER TEST CIRCUIT BREAKERS, BUS
BARS, CABLE FEEDERS BEFORE ENERGIZATION!
• THE HIGHER THE MEGGER READING, THE SAFER!
8. USING IMPROPER SPLICES
9. NOT USING SEAL FITTINGS IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS…
NOTE THAT THERE ARE NO TYPE “EYS” CONDULET SEAL FITTINGS ON THE CONDUITS WITHIN 150MM FROM THE
SWITCH BOXES.
IN CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS, THE CONDUIT SEAL WOULD
PREVENT THE ENTRY OF FLAMABLE GASES OR VAPORS TO THE SWITCHES WHICH ARE
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF A SPARK.
10. LACK OF SUPERVISION DURING
CONSTRUCTION. . .
THESE INAPPROPRIATELY/POORLY SPLICED WIRES INSIDE A BADLY BURNT FLEXIBLE PVC CONDUIT. THE ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR/FOREMAN MISSED THIS.
11. TEMPORARY WIRING ALLOWED TO BECOME TEMPORARY-PERMANENT
THE FLYING WIRES/CABLES WHICH INCLUDE POWER & COMMUNICA-TION LINES ARE INSTALLED TEMPORARILY.. UNTIL AN UNTOWARD INCIDENT HAPPEN AGGRAVATING MATTERS – ACCIDENTS.
12. NOT USING SEAL FITTINGS IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS…
NOTE THAT THERE ARE NO TYPE “EYS” CONDULET SEAL
FITTINGS ON THE CONDUITS WITHIN 150MM FROM THE
SWITCH BOXES.
IN CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS, THE CONDUIT SEAL WOULD
PREVENT THE ENTRY OF FLAMABLE GASES OR VAPORS TO THE SWITCHES WHICH ARE
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF A SPARK.
13.LACK OF SAFETY SENSE…
NOTICE THE SERVICE ENTRANCE WIRES, NO ENTRANCE CAP OR DRIP LOOP – THIS ALLOWS WATER TO ENTER CONDUIT AND MAY EVEN REACH PANELBOARD INSIDE, CAUSE DAMAGE, OR GROUND FAULT. THERE IS ALSO NO GROUND WIRE.
14.NOT USING BOLT-ON TYPE MAINS
THE 60A PANEL MAIN CBs ARE PLUG-IN TYPE, SHOULD BE BOLT-ON TYPE..
THE PLUG-IN MAINS WILL RESULT TO LOOSE CONNECTION, LOCALIZE HEATING..
15. LACK OF MAINTENANCE
REGULAR CLEANING
REQUIRED.
CABLE
TERMINATIONS
ARE VIOLATIONS.
COLOR CODING OF
WIRES MUST BE
FOLLOWED.
16. JUNCTION BOX COVER MISSING ..
THE ABSENCE OF THE COVER FOR THE JUNCTION BOX EXPOSES THE CONDUCTORS NOT ONLY TO WATER BUT ALSO TO THE ULTRA-VIOLET (UV) RAYS OF THE SUN, CAUSING THE DETERIORATION OF THE INSULATION OF
THE CONDUCTORS FASTER.
17. Panel Cover & Power CBs Not Fitted Properly…
In a big manufacturing plant, during the retrofitting or replacement of the main circuit breaker of the Low Voltage Switchgear, the panel opening is so big where in there is a large clearance between the front face of new power breaker and the panel opening. This may allow foreign bodies such as dust, and even live creatures to possibly enter inside the switchgear and cause a shutdown. A control wire is even left not tied properly.
18. Old Fused Disconnects Still in Use?
The use of old fused disconnect switches where in the load side feeder wires are
too small in their ampacities as matched to the rating of the fuses. The fuses may protect
the small wires from high magnitude short circuit current but not on an overload current
or during a low magnitude line-to-ground fault. These
installations must be replaced with bus bar type panel board
of power distribution to various load circuits.
19. Cables Not Provided w/ Raceways..
Would you believe that this kind of cable installation still exists? If you are the electrical practitioner assigned to supervise the electrical works, how would you have provided for a better job?By providing flexible metallic conduits?By a cable duct?Or by extending the cable trench?
20. POOR VENTILATION FOR HEAT GENERATING EQUIPMENT
THE TRANSFORMER BELOW WHICH WAS INSTALLED INSIDE A CABINET THAT IS NOT ADEQUATELY VENTILATED OR NOT PROVIDED WITH LOUVERS SHOWS SIGNS OF EXCESSIVE HEAT BEING DISSIPATED. IT WAS SOON DAMAGED
AS-BUILT PLANS • After your thorough electrical inspection & audit,
you will now prepare/ update your electrical drawings:
* Lighting Layouts * Power Layouts * Panel Arrangements * Single Line Diagram/ Riser Diagram * Load Schedules and Computations * Service Entrance
* Substation * Meter Center * Grounding system * Lightning Protection system * Other electrical details of
the electrical system
Note down all observations of non-compliance/ Code violations, unsafe situations, inefficient
system/ equipment, etc…
When Would We Learn
FIRE TRAGEDIES
Electrical
Unknown/Others
Open Flames/Cooking
Combustion/Bonfire
Cigarette Butts/
Smoking
Origin/Causes 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TOTAL
FIRE OCCURRENCE NATIONWIDE (2005-2010)
2249 2087 2300 2532 2333 2616 14,117
2334 1871 2485 3395 1966 2324 14,375
1598 1144 1726 2285 997 1280 9,030
710 538 1094 1592 392 540 4,866
324 257 349 355 132 199 1,616
Electrical 2249 2087 2300 2532 2333 2616 14,117
TOTAL 7215 5897 7954 10159 5820 6959
2005
2,861; 33%
396; 4%
71; 1%
5,470; 62%
2012 Total Fire Incidents in the Philippines – 8,798
Electrical Connections
Electrical Appliances
Electrical Machiniries
Others
Damage to Properties –
Php 3,373,240,786.16
• 37.8% causes of fire – due to electrical in nature such as:
Defective Electrical Device, Sub-standard electrical appliances and wires, circuit overloading, short circuits, arcing, overheating and malpractice of electricity.
• ‘Working together towards an electrical safety conscious nation’ – 2013 Theme of Electrical Safety Month
250 Civilians died
645 were injured
2 Firefighters died
and 100 were injured
Total of 252 fatalities
and 745 were injured
3,532; 28.7%
408; 3.3% 74;
0.6%
8,287; 67.3%
2013 Total Fire Incidents in the Philippines – 12,301
Electrical Connections
Electrical Appliances
Electrical Machineries
Others
Damage to Properties –
Php 5,465,832,497.74
• 32.6% causes of fire – due to electrical in nature such as:
Defective Electrical Device, Sub-standard electrical appliances and wires, circuit overloading, short circuits, arcing, overheating and malpractice of electricity.
• ‘Electrical Safety starts with me ’ – 2014 Theme of Electrical Safety Month
244 Civilians died
697 were injured
No Firefighters died
but 77 were injured
Total of 244 fatalities
and 774 were injured
Big Fires: Causes?
Manor Hotel Fire
Location : Kamias Road, Quezon City
Date/Time : 18 0412H August 2001
Cause of Fire: Electrical Short Circuit
Casualty : 75 persons
Injured : 73 Persons
Est. Damages:
The Fire was put under control in one hour and 16 minutes after the
first firetruck has arrived. Most of the fatalities died of suffocation.
Electrical Short Circuit
Fire exit at the 3rd Floor without stairs
Ozone Disco Fire
Location : 57-A Timog Ave., Quezon City
Date/Time : 19 2405H March 1996
Cause of Fire: Electrical Malfunction (overloading)
Casualty : 162 persons
Injured : 100 persons m/l
Est. Damages: 15 Million m/l
Electrical Malfunction
(overloading)
OZONE DISCO FIRE
Be electrically safe, not sorry!
For inquiries, please contact:
ESEA Secretariat
#41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City
0905-375 8576 / 727 3552 loc 107 / 966 9462
