Introduction

Solutions

Electricity in Pakistan

Reasons

Government policies

Contents

Effects

A crucial stage or turning point in the course of something is called crisis. Pakistan is facing crises in electricity. Electricity is important because.....

Electricity is a oxygen of economic life and its shortage can seriously danger the economic development

It is the most reliable indicator in term economic development of its per capita consumption of electrical energy

Because of the continuous and rapid growth in population, urbanization and industrialization in Pakistan in recent years, the demand for electric power is much greater than its production. This has resulted in serious electrical crises in Pakistan.

Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed and retail supplied by vertically integrated public sector utilities

Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) Faisalabad Electric Supply Company Gujranwala Electric Power Company Hub Power Company Hyderabad Electric Supply Company Islamabad Electric Supply Company Kot Addu Power Company Lahore Electric Supply Company Multan Electric Power Company Peshawar Electric Power Company Quetta Electric Supply Company Tribal Electric Supply Company

Electricity in Pakistan

Electric supply companies in Pakistan

Misriot Dam Tanaza DamTarbela DamMangla DamWarsak

Gomal Zam Dam Project Mirani Dam Project Mangla Dam Raising Project Sabakzai Dam Project Satpara Dam Project

Diamer Basha Dam project Kurram Tangi Dam Project Munda Dam Project Akhori Dam Project

Dams in Pakistan

Future projects

Ongoing projects

Total dams

Energy data of Hydel power in Pakistan

Electricity - total installed capacity: 19,505 MW (2007) Electricity - Sources (2007) fossil fuel - 12,580 MW - 65% of total hydro - 6,463 MW - 33% of total nuclear - 462 MW - 2% of total

Electricity - production: 88.42 TWh (2005) Electricity - production by source (2003) fossil fuel: 63.7% of total hydro: 33.9% of total nuclear: 2.4% of total

Electricity - consumption: 74.62 TWh (2004) Electricity - exports: 0% Electricity - imports: 0% Electricity Consumption per Capita = 345.00 kWh/capita

Installed capacity

Electricity production

Electricity consumption

Reasons of Electricity crisis in Pakistan

Pakistan is dying out of load shedding:Load shedding is actually destroying the economy of the country.

Small industry .Large industry.

There are around 16 independent power producers that contributes significantly in electricity generation in Pakistan.Balancing Pakistan's supply against the demand for electricity has remained a largely unresolved matter. Pakistan faces a significant challenge in revamping its network responsible for the supply of electricity.

Alternatives of load shedding

The government has devised a three-month action plan for the summer season, and claims that an additional cumulative 1,000 MW to 1,500 MW power would be generated. Implementation of the plan, if pursued earnestly, could reduce the present daily load shedding by one to two hours It is envisaged that 2,200 MW would be added to the system by end April next year and, subsequently, a total of 6,000 MW by end December. This is too tall a claim. The existing availability of power in the WAPDA/PEPCO system in December 2009 will be 10,300 MW, whereas demand is projected at 16,200 MW. This results in power deficit of 5,900 MW. To meet this shortfall, it is planned to add to the existing system 1,200 MW from PEPCO thermal power units, 1,270 MW through the IPPs, 1,200 MW from the rental power facilities (PEPCO) and another 150 MW from hydropower (WAPDA). PEPCO is currently implementing the Power Transmission Enhancement Investment Programme, at a total cost of $800 million, aiming at rehabilitation and expansion of 220 and 500 kV transmission systems. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is financing the project. Govt. has also in talks to import new power generation units from China and Tajikstan.Also, the World Bank has agreed to partially finance another project titled the Electricity Distribution and Transmission Improvement Project, which is in the pipeline, costing about $310 million. These projects will require at least three years to complete.

Government policies

Demand and Supply of electricity in Pakistan

Demand of electricity

Pakistan's current installed capacity is around 19,845 MWPEPCO blames independent power producers (IPPs) for the electricity crisisThey have been able to give PEPCO only 3,800 MW on average out of 5,800 MW

Supply of electricity

Total supply of electricity is very low At present total power production capacity

in the country is about 19,500 MW, out of which Hydra Power is only 6,500 MW approximately, balance of 13,000 MW is thermal either using Natural Gas or Furnace Oil. Small capacity of 450 MW is Nuclear and only 150 MW is through coal.

Electricity Production (billion kWh)

80

Electricity Consumption (billion kWh)

74.6

% Urban 34%

% Rural 64%

Population w. Electricity 33%

Rural Electricity Consumption (Per Capita)

N/A

Urban Electricity Consumption (Per Capita)

425 kWh

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Existing Generation

15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903

Proposal 530 4,235 7,226 10,115 10,556 13,307 13,520 14,607 16,134 18,448 18,448 18,448 18,448

Total Existing

16,484 20,138 23,129 26,018 26,459 29,210 29,423 30,510 32,037 34,351 34,351 34,351 34,351

Expected Available Generation

13,146 16,110 18,503 20,814 21,167 23,368 23,538 24,408 25,630 27,481 27,481 27,481 27,481

Demand 16,484 17,868 19,352 20,874 22,460 24,126 25,919 28,029 30,223 35,504 34,918 37,907 41,132

Surplus -3,338 -1,758 -849 -60 -1,293 -758 -2,381 -3,621 -4,593 -8,023 -7,437 -10,426 -13,651

Demand and Supply of electricity in Pakistan

Supply and Demand position:2008-2020(MW)

Solutions by Government

Solutions of electricity crisis in Pakistan

Steps that should be taken

Conclusion of electricity crisis in Pakistan

When this crisis will be finished???

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistanhttp://www.blurtit.com/q252864.htmlhttp://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/current-affairs/current-affairs-notes/4082-energy-crisis-pakistan.htmlhttp://www.daily.pk/business/businessnews/9478-tajikistan-offers-to-export-electricity-to-pakistan.htmlhttp://www.crss.pk/weekly_roundup/we10feb08.pdfPower Sector in PakistanRenewable Energy Sector Supply and Demand Position 2008 – 2020http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_solutions_of_the_electricity_crisis_in_Pakistan http://wiki.answers.http://www.geo.tv/1-2-2009/31802.htmhttp://www.aaj.tv/news/Latest/24_detail.htmlhttp://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Regional/Islamabad/02-Jan-2009/Sherry-Rehman-blames-water-resources-for-loadshedding

References