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TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire,
ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis, mobileGT, PowerQUICC,
Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack,
CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and
Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service
names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
.
Martin Mienkina
System Application Engineer
June 2012
TM 2
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Understand electricity meter metrology requirements
• Become familiar with Freescale metering specific reference
designs and algorithm offerings
Tutorials covered in this presentation:
• Rogowski Coil Digital Integrator
• Explicit RMS Converter
• MK30 ADC16-PGA Measurement Chain
TM 3
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Current Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
The first specimen of the AC kilowatt-hour meter produced on the basis of
Hungarian Ottó Bláthy's patent and named after him was presented by the
Ganz Works at the Frankfurt Fair in the autumn of 1889, and the first
induction kilowatt-hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the
end of the same year. These were the first alternating-current watt meters,
known by the name of Bláthy-meters.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_meter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganz
4 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Electromechanical meters
• Limited accuracy
• Manual reading
• Contains moving parts (aluminum ring)
Electronic meters
• MCUs, DSPs and ASICs based
• Accurate measurement
• Enhanced security
• Equipped with AMR
• No moving parts
Electricity Meter Types
Single phase
• Common in EU residential meters
• One voltage and one current measurement
• Use of shunt resistors prevail due to low system cost
Dual phase
• Common in US residential meters
• Two voltage and two current measurement
• Use of current transformers and Rogowski coils prevail
Three phase
• Used in industrial and commercial meters
• Three voltage and three current measurement
• Use of current transformers and Rogowski coils prevail
Measurement Types
• Active, reactive, apparent energy
• Active, reactive, apparent power
• RMS, peak values (voltage/current)
• Line frequency
• Power factor
• Temperature
Measured Quantities
5 TM
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mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• IEC/EN compliant meters are typically quoted as class p: n(m)A
− Where n is the basic current
− m is the maximum current
− p is the accuracy class A(2%), B(1%), C(0.5%) – i.e. Class C: 5(60)A
• Standardized values
− Voltage 120-230-277-400-480 (V)
− Frequency rating 50 Hz
− Basic current 5-10-15-20-30-40-50 (A)
− Maximum current - multiples of basic current
− Active power P [W], reactive power Q [VAR] and apparent power S [VA] should be measured
• Factors impacting accuracy
• Mains frequency
• Load power factor
• Harmonics in voltage and current
• Temperature
• DC current
• Limited power consumption in current circuit
IEC/EN meter types dominate in
Europe, Turkey, Russia, India and
China.
6 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Dynamic range @ accuracy required
• Common static power meter Class B: (5)60A requirements
Class Ireference
[A]
Imaximum
[A]
Itransitional
[A]
Itr = Iref/10
I minimum
[A]
Imin=0.5*Itr
Accuracy [%]
Accuracy [%]
A 5 60 0,5 0,25 2,5 2
B 5 60 0,5 0,25 1,5 1
C 5 60 0,5 0,15 1 0,5
Dynamic range out of table Imax : Imin = 60 : 0,25 240 : 1 (DR)
accuracy required for class B meter 1,5% (err)
ADC requirements:
)2ln(
/ln errDRENOB
)2ln(
015.0/240ln96,13
1
Imax Itr Imin
e
7 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• ANSI C12.20 compliant meters are typically quoted as Class p%: r(m) − Where r is the reference current
− m is the maximum current
− p is the accuracy class 0.5%, 0.2% – i.e. Class 0.2: 30(200)A
• Standardized values − Voltage 120-240-277-480 (V)
− Frequency rating 60 Hz
− Current classes (reference amperes) 2(0.25)-10(2.5)-20(2.5)-100(15)-200(30)-
320(50) (A)
− Starting currents @ current classes 0.001, 0.01, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.16 (A)
− Active power P [W], reactive power Q [VAR] and apparent power S [VA] should
be measured
• Factors impacting accuracy − Mains frequency
− Load power factor
− Harmonics in voltage and current
− Temperature
− DC current
− Limited power consumption in current circuit
ANSI C12.20 meters are used in
US, Canada, Brazil and Mexico.
8 TM
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mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Dynamic range @ accuracy required
• ANSI C12.20 power meter Class 0.2: (30)200 requirements
Dynamic range out of table
Imax : Imin@ref = 200 : 3.0
66.6 : 1 (DR)
accuracy required for class
0.2 meter 0.2% (err)
Current in Amperes Maximum error deviation [%]
Current Class Accuracy class
Conditions 100 200 0.5 0.2
Starting current 0.1 0.1 - -
(1) Imin 1 2 ±1.0 ±0.4
(2) Imin@ref 1.5 3 ±0.5 ±0.2
(3) 3 6 ±0.5 ±0.2
(4) 10 20 ±0.5 ±0.2
(5) 15 30 ±0.5 ±0.2
(6) 30 60 ±0.5 ±0.2
(7) 50 100 ±0.5 ±0.2
(8) 75 150 ±0.5 ±0.2
(9) 90 180 ±0.5 ±0.2
(10) Imax 100 200 ±0.5 ±0.2
0.2
Imax Imin@ref Imin
e
)2ln(
/ln errDRENOB
)2ln(
002.0/6.66ln02.15
0.4
ADC requirements:
TM 9
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Current Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
10 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Mathematical description:
SENSE
SENSE
R Gain
2
Vref-Vadc
I
Pros: • Commonly used
• Simple to design
• Inexpensive
• No magnetic effects
Cons: • Self-heating due to power dissipation
• Parasitic inductance introduces phase shift at low power factors
• Non-isolated
Vref R R
R R
ADC
PDB
Power supply
N_INP
L_OUT
N_OUT
L_INP
Rsense
110/220V
Voltage divider
VDD
Isense
Rf
Rf
Cf
Cf
Anti-aliasing Filters
(-6dB per octave)
Vadc Gain
Voltage drop across shunt resistor is proportional to the amplitude of the current and frequency.
ISENSE(A) RSENSE( ) USENSE(VP-P)
0.02
250
14.4uV
0.15 106.0uV
60* 42.4mV
* Power losses 0.9W @ 60A
11 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Mathematical description:
N * Rb *Gain
)2
Vref-(Vadc
ISENSE
Pros: • Provides electrical isolation
• Current in secondary is proportional to current in primary
• Preferred for poly-phase meters
• Output voltage scaled to ADC input signal range
Cons: • CT introduces phase error from 0.1º to 7.0º
• Phase shift depending on current and temperature
• Load must never be disconnected from secondary winding
• Iron core can saturate at current level beyond its rated current or at a large DC
• Sensitive to magnetic tampering
• Expensive
Vref PDB
Power supply
N_INP
L_OUT
N_OUT
L_INP CT
110/220V
Voltage divider
VDD
Vadc
R
R
Rb 1 N
Isense Rf
Rf
Cf
Cf
Anti-aliasing Filters
(-6dB per octave)
ADC Gain
Turn Ratio=1:N
Courtesy of VACUUMSCHMELZE
ISENSE(A) Ratio USENSE(VP-P)
0.02 1:2500
Rb=12.5
282.8uV
0.15 2.1mV
60 0.848V
12 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Anti-aliasing Filters
(-6dB per octave)
The output voltage of the Rogowski
coil is proportional to the time-
differentiation (di/dt) of the current.
Pros: • Provides electrical isolation
• Capable of handling high current
• Low temperature drift
• Linear phase response
• No DC or high current saturation
• Immune to magnetic tampering
Cons: • Integration adds to extra circuitry
(software load)
• Interference (far field) pickup - limited by design or shielding
Mathematical description:
RR I**V FrKR
RVGAINVref
*2
Vadcwhere:
IR = rated primary current
Fr = frequency of sinusoidal waveform
KR = rotated transformer constant
Vref PDB
Power supply
N_INP
L_OUT
N_OUT
L_INP RC
110/220V
Voltage divider
VDD R
R
IRS
VRS
Rf
Rf
Cf
Cf
Vadc
ADC Gain ∫
Courtesy of PULSE ELECTRONICS ISENSE(A) Fr( /Hz) USENSE(VP-P)
0.02
8.33 (PA3202NL)
23.56uV
0.15 176.71uV
60 70.7mV
13 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Digital Integrator Block Diagram:
Explanation:
• HPF1: The first high pass filter to
prevent digital integrator overflow
(used to remove offset and low
frequency drift from input signal)
• Integrator: The numerical
integrator (use of the Bilinear
approximation is generally
preferred over forward/backward
Euler methods due to zero group
delay at higher frequencies
> 100 Hz)
• HPF2: The second high pass
filter required to remove offset
from the integrator output signal
Frequency & Phase Characteristics*:
0 50 100 150 200 250 -65
-60
-55
-50
-45
Frequency (Hz)
Magnitude r
esponse (
dB
)
0 50 100 150 200 250
0
2
4
6
8 x 10
-6
Frequency (Hz)
Magnitude e
rror
0 50 100 150 200 250 -91
-90
-89
-88
-87
-86
-85
Frequency (Hz)
Phase (
degre
es)
0 50 100 150 200 250
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Frequency (Hz)
Phase e
rror
(degre
es)
1.7Hz
1.3Hz
0.9Hz
0.5Hz
0.1Hz
1.7Hz
1.3Hz
0.9Hz
0.5Hz
0.1Hz
0.1Hz 0.5Hz
0.9Hz
1.3Hz
1.7Hz
0.1 - 1.7Hz
* Characteristics represents numerical integrator build of 1st order high pass.
Butterworth filters designed and analog filter designed for fcut = 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3
and 1.7 Hz and sampling rate fs=3000 Hz.
14 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
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Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
• Small amplitude errors for filters cut off frequencies below 1.7Hz
• Phase error increases rapidly at higher filter cut-off frequencies
(above 0.1Hz)
• The lower the filter cut-off frequency, the more sluggish the
algorithm startup (initial offset removal)
HPF cut-off frequency (Hz)
Amplitude
error (%)*
Phase error
(deg)*
Energy error
@ UPF (%)
Energy error
@ PF=0.5 (%)
0.1 0.0002 -0.22** 0.0007 -0.6643
0.5 0.0041 -1.15** 0.0201 -3.4561
0.9 0.0134 -2.05** 0.0640 -6.1318
1.3 0.0279 -2.98** 0.1352 -8.8693
1.7 0.0478 -3.89** 0.2304 -11.5200
* Amplitude and phase error determined for 50Hz input waveform.
** Fine compensation using delaying ADC conversion is possible and widely used.
TM 15
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Current Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
16 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Active Energy Term Definition: • The electrical energy produced, flowing or supplied by an electric
circuit during a time interval, being the integral with respect to time of instantaneous Active Power, measured in units of Watt-hours or standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
0
)()( dttituWhttp://www.elexon.co.uk
Reactive Energy Term Definition: • The integral with respect to time of the product of voltage and current
and the sine of the phase angle between them. Its is measured in units of volt-amperes reactive (VAR) and standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
http://www.elexon.co.uk
0
)()90( dttituVAR
Reactive Power Term Definition: • Means the product of voltage and current and the sine of the phase
angle between them, measured in units of volt-amperes reactive (VAR) and standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
http://www.elexon.co.uk T
dttituT
Q0
)()90(1
TQVAR *
RMS Voltage & Current Term Definition: • In electrical engineering the root mean square (RMS) or effective
value of a current is by definition such that the heating effect is the same for equal values of alternating or direct-current.
Equation:
http://en.wikipedia.org T
dttvalueT
rms0
2 )(1
Apparent Power Term Definition: • In alternating-current power transmission and distribution apparent
power is the product of the RMS voltage and amperage.
Equation:
http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov
RMSRMS iuS
22 PQS
Active Power Term Definition: • The product of voltage and the in-phase component of alternating
current measured in units of watts and standard multiples thereof, that is: 1000 Watts = 1 kW, 1000 kW = 1 MW
Equation:
http://www.elexon.co.uk T
dttituT
P0
)()(1
TPW *
S
P
tu
Q
17 TM
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mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Example: u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=0deg.
W=?
Matlab Calculus: Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
W = int(Ud*Id,0,'T')
subs(W,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,0.02,0})/3600
W = 0.0128 [watt-hours]
Model Simulation:
Term Definition: • The electrical energy produced, flowing or supplied by an electric
circuit during a time interval, being the integral with respect to time of instantaneous Active Power, measured in units of Watt-hours or standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
Processing/Calculation Steps: 1. Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
2. Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
3. Integrate product of phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Model:
0
)()( dttituW
http://www.elexon.co.uk
―Active Energy Block‖ accumulates phase voltage and phase current multiple.
18 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
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other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Example: u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=90deg.
VAR=?
Matlab Calculus: Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
VAR = int(diff(Ud/sym('-2*pi*f'))*Id,0,'T')
subs(VAR,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,0.2,90})/3600
VAR = 0.128 [VAR-hours]
Model Simulation:
Term Definition: • Means the integral with respect to time of the product of voltage and
current and the sine of the phase angle between them. Its is measured in units of voltamperes reactive (VAR) and standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1. Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples 2. Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t) 3. Shift phase voltage u(t) by 90º. 4. Integrate product of shifted phase voltage u(t-90º) and current
i(t) samples
Model:
http://www.elexon.co.uk
―Reactive Energy Block‖ accumulates phase voltage and phase current multiple.
The phase voltage is shifted by 90º using ―90 degree phase shift block‖.
0
)()90( dttituVAR
19 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Example: u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)+offset
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
IRMS=10A, URMS=230V, freq=50Hz, alpha=0deg, offset=0V.
Matlab Calculus: Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)+offset')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
UdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Ud*Ud,0,'T')),1/2)
IdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Id*Id,0,'T')),1/2)
subs(UdRMS,{'U_max','f','T','alpha','offset'},{230*sqrt(2),50,0.1,0,0})
UdRMS= 230.0 [V]
subs(IdRMS,{'I_max','f','T'},{10*sqrt(2),50,0.1})
IdRMS= 10.0 [A]
Model Simulation:
Term Definition: • In electrical engineering the root mean square (RMS) or effective
value of a current is by definition such that the heating effect is the same for equal values of alternating or direct-current.
In mathematics, the RMS is known as the quadratic mean, is a statistical measure of the magnitude of a varying quantity. It is especially useful when variations are positive and negative, e.g., sinusoids.
Equation:
Processing/Calculation Steps: 1. Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
2. Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
3. Remove offset from phase current measurements i(t)
4. Calculate RMS values of the phase voltage URMS(t) and current IRMS(t).
Model:
http://en.wikipedia.org
―RMS Voltage & Current Averager‖ are based on the Explicit RMS Converter *, therefore
their output response is smoothed due to implied low pass filtering (IIR filter, first order,
fcut=2Hz).
T
dttvalueT
rms0
2 )(1
20 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Example: u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=0deg.
P=?
Matlab Calculus: Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
P = symmul('1/T',int(symmul(Ud,Id),0,'T'))
subs(P,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,1.0,0})
P = 2300.0 [watts]
Model Simulation:
Term Definition: • The product of voltage and the in-phase component of alternating
current measured in units of watts and standard multiples thereof, that is: 1000 Watts = 1 kW, 1000 kW = 1 MW
Equation:
Processing/Calculation Steps: 1. Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
2. Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
3. Accumulate instantaneous product of phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) per fixed time period.
4. Divide accumulated sum by time period if not equal to 1s
Model:
TPW *
http://www.elexon.co.uk T
dttituT
P0
)()(1
―Active Power Averager‖ is also based on the Explicit RMS Converter*, therefore their
output response is smoothed due to implied low pass filtering (IIR filter, first order,
fcut=2Hz).
21 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Example: u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=90deg.
Q=?
Matlab Calculus: Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
Q = symmul('1/T',int(diff(Ud/sym('-2*pi*f'))*Id,0,'T'))
subs(Q,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,1.0,90})Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha)')
Q = 2300.0 [VAR]
Model Simulation:
Term Definition: • The product of voltage and current and the sine of the phase angle
between them, measured in units of voltamperes reactive (VAR) and standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1. Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
2. Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
3. Shift phase voltage u(t) by 90º
4. Accumulate instantaneous products of shifted phase voltage u(t-90º) and current i(t) per fixed time period
5. Divide accumulated sum by time period if period doesn‘t equal 1s
Model:
TQVAR *
http://www.elexon.co.uk
―Reactive Power Averager‖ is also based on the Explicit RMS Converter*, therefore their
output response is smoothed due to implied low pass filtering (IIR filter, first order,
fcut=2Hz). The phase voltage is shifted by 90º using ―90 degree phase shift block‖.
T
dttituT
Q0
)()90(1
22 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Example: u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=45deg.
S=?
Matlab Calculus: Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
UdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Ud*Ud,0,'T')),1/2)
IdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Id*Id,0,'T')),1/2)
S=UdRMS*IdRMS
subs(S,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,1.0,45})
S = 2300.0 [VA]
Model Simulation:
Term Definition: • In alternating-current power transmission and distribution, apparent
power is the product of the RMS voltage and amperage.
Equation:
Processing/Calculation Steps: 1. Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
2. Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
3. Remove offset from phase current measurements i(t)
4. Calculate RMS values of the phase voltage URMS(t) and current IRMS(t)
5. Calculate apparent power by multiplying URMS(t)*IRMS(t)
Model:
http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov
―Apparent Power Block‖ calculates apparent power using arithmetic approach from the RMS
voltage and current samples. Performance of this block is therefore dependent on the
performances of the RMS voltage and RMS current calculations. The RMS voltage and RMS
current are based on the Explicit RMS Converters, therefore their output response is
smoothed by low-pass filtering (IIR filter, first order, fcut=2Hz). As URMS and IRMS contain
all harmonic information, the apparent power computed by arithmetic approach is a Total
Apparent Power.
RMSRMS iuSS
P
tu
Q
22 PQS
23 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
time(s)
u
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time(s)
u2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
avg(u
2)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
sqrt
(avg(u
2))
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
time(s)
u
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time(s)
u2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
avg(u
2)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
sqrt
(avg(u
2))
LPF
X2
XP
LPF
u
LPF
X2
i i2
avg(i2)
u2
avg(u2)
avg(i2)
avg(u2)
PGA Input Signal Range:
Equation:
Input Signal: Umax*sin(2*pi*f*t)
Step 1: Umax2*sin(2*pi*f*t)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
time(s)
u
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time(s)
u2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
avg(u
2)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
sqrt
(avg(u
2))
Step 2: avg(Umax2*sin(2*pi*f*t))
Step 3: sqrt(avg(Umax2*sin(2*pi*f*t)))
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
time(s)
u
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time(s)
u2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
avg(u
2)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
time(s)
sqrt
(avg(u
2))
Source: Charles Kitchin, Lew Counts, ―RMS to DC Conversion
Application Guide‖, 2nd Edition, Analogue Devices, 1986.
)( 2uavgURMS
24 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
• Frequently used for RMS current, RMS voltage, active power
and reactive power calculations
• Square root with 16-bit output dynamic range was found
sufficient for representing non billing quantities (all above)
• Executes in less than 100 instruction cycles on ARM Cortex-
M4™ (compiled by IAR EW for ARM, full optimization, code
inlining, the additional LPF {1st order} added to smooth square
root output)
TM 25
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Current Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
26 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Cost optimized
• Large choice
• Industry standard cores
• Analog integration
• Lowest 32-bit power
Ext. AFE KA/LA8
LG32
LH/LL64 (S08,16-bit,8K-64K)
Int. AFE
Ext. AFE
Apps Cont.
Single
Phase Three
phase
2008 2010 2012 2007 2009 2011
EM128 (SR) (CF,128K)
Flow Coming
Next
MZ60 (China)
GW/LL64 (S08,16-bit,32K-64K)
MG64 (China)
AFE
Kinetis : K10-K30 (M4,64K-1M,crypto)
Next Gen
Met+App
Flow NPI
Next-Gen Met
Next Gen
Single Chip
Smart AFE
K30/K10/K12 (AFE,Welmec, M4)
(256K-1M)
K30/K10/K12 (Welmec, M4,)
(128K-1M)
32-bit
8-bit
32-bit
32-bit
32-bit
EM256 (CT) (CF,256K)
27 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Development
Tools
Bundled IDE
w/ Processor
Expert
Bundled OS
USB, TCP/IP,
Security
Modular Tower
H/ware
Development
System
Application
Software
Stacks,
Peripheral
Drivers & App.
Libraries
(Motor Control,
HMI, USB)
Broad 3rd party
ecosystem
Common
Digital IP
CRC
I2C
SAI (I2S)
UART/SPI
Programmable
Delay Block
External Bus
Interface
Motor Control
Timers
eSDHC
RTC
Common
Analog IP
16-bit ADC
Programmable
Gain Amplifiers
12-bit DAC
High-speed
Comparators
Low-power
Touch Sensing
Common
System IP
32-bit ARM
Cortex-M4™ Core
w/ DSP Instructions
Next Generation
Flash Memory
High Reliability,
Fast Access
FlexMemory w/
EEPROM capability
SRAM
Memory
Protection Unit
Low Voltage,
Low Power Multiple
Operating Modes,
Clock Gating
(1.71V-3.6V with 5V
tolerant I/O)
DMA
-40 to 105 °C
K70 Family 512 KB-1 MB,
196-256pin
K60 Family 256 KB-1 MB,
100-256pin
K50 Family 128-512 KB,
64-144pin
K40 Family 64-512 KB,
64-144pin
K30 Family 64-512 KB,
64-144pin
K20 Family 32 KB-1 MB,
32-144pin
K10 Family 32 KB-1 MB,
32-144pin
28 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Flexible, low power LCD interface
− Segment LCD Blink mode lowers average power
− Segment fail detect prevents erroneous readouts and
reduces LCD test cost
− Front/back plane reassignment provides pin-out
flexibility and allows configuration changes in firmware
• Diverse communications suite
− A multitude of serial interfaces, with UART support for
ISO7816 SIM/Smart Cards and IrDA interfaces
− Dual CAN for industrial network bridging
• System reliability and safety
− Hardware cyclic redundancy check safeguards
memory contents and communication data
− Memory Protection Unit – increase software reliability
− Independently-clocked watchdog prevents code
runaway for fail-safe applications e.g. IEC60730
• Hardware and software compatibility
− Common packages and peripherals across families
enable rapid feature growth with minimal hardware
and software disruption
• Built-in voltage regulator (K40)
− 5V regulator input with 3.3V regulated output
− 3.3V regulated output can power MCU and also external
components (source current up to 120mA)
Family USB OTG + DCD Segment LCD
K30 - X
K40 X X
For Segment LCD Applications
Up to 512KB Flash
Memory
Up to 128KB
SRAM
FlexMemory:
up to 4KB EEPROM
or 256KBFlash
CrossBar Switch (XBS)
16-ch
DMA
FlexBus
Peripheral Bus Controllers (x2)
Up to 100MHz ARM Cortex-M4 Core
DSP
1.25DMIPs/MHz
Clock Module: 2 Crystal inputs
2 internal oscillators
PLL and FLL
Secure Digital Host
Controller
Memory Protection Unit
K30 Family Block Diagram
Timers
3x FlexTimers
Carrier Modulator Timer,
Programmable Interrupt Timer,
Low Power Timer,
Programmable Delay Block
Analog
2x 16-bit SAR ADC 2x 12-bit DAC
3x High Speed Comparators
2x Programmable Gain Amplifiers
Internal Voltage Ref (1.2V)
Communications
2x I2C 6x UART 3x DSPI 2x CAN
IIS
32-bit Cyclic Redundancy
Check
Segment LCD (8x40 /4x44)
Low Power Xtrinsic
Touch Sensing
Interface
Watchdog +
External Watchdog
Monitor
Up to 98 GPIO
Kinetis documentation: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=Kinetis
http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=KINETIS
29 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Needs Kinetis Solution
Cortex-M4 CPU M4 core (DSP functionality) up to 100 MHz
Low Power 298uA*/MHz Run Current
Down to 1.47uA** @VLLS1
Data Storage FlexMemory (Up to 4kB EEPROM, Dual Flash Bank). Fast Flash Programming (70us)
Flash Update Flash swap, security and protection. CRC32 for code check up
User Interface Embedded LCD controller (integrated voltage generators)
Communication Up to 6 UARTS, 3 SPIs and 2 IIC.
Memory Scalability From 64 KB to 512 KB of Flash. From 16 KB to 128 KB of RAM
Time Keeping RTC module with separate Vbat and Crystal compensation (Correction range ~ ±.12ppm
.. ~ ±3900ppm)
Analog Modules High Speed ADC with integrated PGA. 12-bit DAC. HSCMP. Built-in 1.2 V reference
33 ppm/C with dedicated output pin.
Packages 64LQFN, 64LQFP, 80LQFP, 81 BGA, 100LQFP, 104BGA, 144LQFP, 121BGA, 144BGA
* Typical run mode current — 72MHz core clock, 36MHz bus clock, and 24MHz flash clock. MCG configured for FEE mode. All peripheral clocks disabled.
** Typical very low-leakage stop mode 1 current at 3.0 V and –40 to 25°C
30 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
ADC0
ADC1
PGA0
1x-64x
PGA1
1x-64x
PGA0_DP/ADC0_DP0/ADC1_DP3
PGA0_DM/ADC0_DM0/ADC1_DM3
ADC0_DP1
ADC0_DM1
ADC1_DP1
ADC1_DM1
PGA1_DP/ADC1_DP0/ADC0_DP3 PGA1_DM/ADC1_DM0/ADC0_DM3
DAD1
DAD0
DAD2
DAD3
DAD3
DAD2
DAD0
DAD1
The Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) is designed to increase the dynamic
range by amplifying low-amplitude signals before they are fed to the 16-bit ADC.
31 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
The formula for PGA differential input signal swing
of the ADC16-PGA measurement chain is:
𝑽𝑷𝑷𝑨𝑫𝑪,𝑫𝑰𝑭 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝑽𝒙−𝟎.𝟐,𝑽𝑽𝑹𝑬𝑭−𝑽𝒙 ×𝟒
𝑮𝑨𝑰𝑵 [𝑽]
(1)
where: 𝑽𝒙 is 700mV 𝑽𝑽𝑹𝑬𝑭 is 1.2V 𝑮𝑨𝑰𝑵 is PGA gain 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64. ADC16 digital output range is expressed as follows:
𝑨𝑫𝑪𝑶𝑼𝑻 = 𝑽𝑷𝑷𝑨𝑫𝑪,𝑫𝑰𝑭
𝟐×𝑽𝑽𝑹𝑬𝑭× 𝑮𝑨𝑰𝑵 × 𝟐𝐍 [𝑳𝑺𝑩]
where: 𝑵 is number of bits for given ADC16 conversion mode.
Gain=x64 ADC Measurement Use-Case:
ADC16
615.6250 mV ADC16_DP
ADC16_DM
PGA_DP
PGA_DM
0V
PGA
x64
584.3750 mV 0.7V
1.2 V
0.2V
0.6 V
0.6 V
0V
0.7V
1.2 V
0.2V
0V
1.0 V
-1.0V615.6250 mV
584.3750 mV
PGA Input Signal Range
PGA Input Signal Range:
ADC Digital Output (PGA Enabled, Gain=x64).
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
x 10 4
time [s]
adc o
utp
ut
[LS
B]
Theoretical
PGA GAIN VPP,DIF [mV] ADCOUT [LSB]
x01 2000
54613
x02 1000
x04 500
x08 250
x16 125
x32 62.5
x64 31.25
32 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
• Kinetis K30 devices feature two 16-bit ADCs. Each ADC
contains a differential input channel with PGA.
• Each ADC has two status and control registers as well as two
result registers, thus up to four conversions can be initiated by
hardware without software intervention.
• Up to two measurements can be trigger either simultaneously
or with precisely defined delay with the help of the
Programmable Delay Blocks – the trigger setup is optimized for
use in 1-phase electricity meters.
33 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Secure,
Prepaid
MK30 with
NFC 1Q12
34 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Block diagram Photo
More information: http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=RDMK30XSPEM
http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=RDMK30XSPEM
35 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Key Features: • 5(60)A current range, nominal current is 5A, peak current is 60 A
• Four quadrant measurement
• 85V...264V, 50/60 Hz voltage range
• Active and reactive energy accuracy IEC50470-3 Class B, 1%
• Line frequency measurement (for precision zero-cross detection)
• Cost-effective shunt resistor sensing circuit implementation
• Cost-effective bill of materials (BOM)
• Low-power modes effectively implemented, including the use of the built-in RTC
• LCD display, 4x31 segments including charge pump
• Values shown on the LCD: V,A,W,Var,VA, kWh, kVarh, cos , Hz, time, date
• Tamper detection via two tamper buttons (event is stored in FlexMemory)
• Built-in user push-button
• LEDs pulse outputs (kWh, kVARh)
• IEC1107 infrared hardware interface
• Optically isolated RS232 interface
• 2.4 GHz RF1322x interface (I2C Daughter Card) for connection to a ZigBee® network
• MQXTM based for advanced markets
• Multiple advanced metering algorithms (FFT, filter-based method)
36 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 err
or[
%]
current[A]
Temp. drift of active energy error for MK30 1-ph meter (Vbias tied on VREF)
-25°C
0°C
22°C
45°C
70°C
min.
max.
According to EN50470-3, Class B 5(60)A, errors
represents results at UPF
37 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Where: ―Fs‖ is sampling frequency
―N‖ is number of samples per voltage cycle
―k‖ series of harmonics 1 .. N/2-1
More information: http://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/app_note/AN4255.pdf
http://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/app_note/AN4255.pdf
38 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Conditions
• Implementation of FFT algorithm to ARM core (MK30X)
• Separation of real and imaginary parts of FFT signal to fix part (32-bits) and
remainder part (16-bits) – in total 48-bits (good precision for most of
applications)
Advantages of realization
• The same precision for both energies (active, reactive) in comparison to other
computing methods – depends only on AFE (HW) of the meter, not on software.
• Frequency analysis of input signal – ability to compute total harmonic distortion
• Offset removal (0-harmonic is missed for power computing)
Disadvantages of realization
• Adjustable sampling rate necessary to compensate for frequency changes
• Higher computational power - 10,2 MIPS for 6400 Hz sampling rate (CPUCLK =
48 MHz)
39 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Demo purpose:
− To provide working solution for accuracy evaluation
− To specify schematic and BOM (low-cost)
− To verify accuracy
• Product Features and Specifications:
− Design Reference Manual (DRM122)
− AN4255 - FFT-based algorithm for metering applications
− Quick Start for MK30EMETERMQX
− MQX Reference Manual and MQX User‘s Guide
− 1322x Low-Power Node Reference Manual
− Device development tools: MK30EMETERMQX
− Device documentation: MK30X256
http://cache.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/ref_manual/DRM122.pdf?fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Reference Manuals&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentationhttp://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/app_note/AN4255.pdf?fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Application Notes&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentationhttp://cache.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/user_guide/MK30XEMETERMQX_QS.pdf?fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Quick Reference Guides&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentationhttp://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/ref_manual/MQXRM.pdf?fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Reference Manuals&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentationhttp://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/user_guide/MQXRTCSUG.pdf?fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Users Guides&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentationhttp://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=MQX_HOME&fsrch=1&sr=3http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=K30_100&webpageId=132640837728673979DDA9&nodeId=01624698C9DE2DDDA9&fromPage=tax
40 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
3-ph E
Meter
MK30
2Q12
41 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
2Q12
42 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Key Features:
− 5(100)A current range, nominal current is 5A, peak current is 100 A
− Four quadrant measurement
− 85V...264V, 50/60 Hz voltage range
− Active and reactive energy accuracy IEC50470-3 Class B, 1%
− Line frequency measurement form all 3 phases (for precision zero-cross detection)
− Current transformers sensing circuit implementation
− Cost-effective bill of materials (BOM)
− Low-power modes effectively implemented, including the use of the built-in RTC
− LCD display, 4x44 segments including charge pump
− Values shown on the LCD: V,A,W,Var,VA, kWh, kVarh, cos j, Hz
− Tamper detection via ELECTRONIC TILT PMA8491Q sensor and tamper buttons (event is stored
in FlexMemory)
− Built-in user push-button
− LEDs pulse outputs (kWh, kVARh)
− IEC1107 infrared hardware interface
− Optically isolated RS232 interface
• AMU and UMI connectors interface, could be use for (I2C Daughter Card) for connection to a
ZigBee® network
• Multiple advanced metering algorithms (FFT, filter-based method)
2Q12
TM 43
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
44 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Special Edition – Free. The following limitations apply -
− Unlimited assembly code
− Up to 32KB of C code for HC(S)08/RS08 derivatives
− Up to 64KB of C code for V1 ColdFire/ColdFire+ derivatives
− Up to 128KB of C code for V2-V4 ColdFire and Kinetis derivatives
• New Project Wizard – Create a project in as few as six clicks
• MCU Change Wizard – Re-target to a new RS08, HCS08, ColdFire, ColdFire+ or Kinetis processor
in as few as six clicks
• LiveView – Allows registers, memory and global variables to be monitored without stopping the
processor
• Processor Expert – Creates tested, optimized initialization code and low-level drivers tuned to
application needs and selected Freescale derivative
• Built-in knowledgebase immediately flags resource conflicts and incorrect settings, so errors are caught early in
design cycle
− Processor Expert for Kinetis is fully integrated with MQX via RTOS adapter component
• Trace and profile support for on-chip trace buffer and real-time collection (external probe)
• Full debug support for low power modes
− Handles entry into and continuation of debug after exiting Low Power and Very Low Power modes.
Free
Compiler
up to
128KB!
45 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Leading supplier of MCU development tools
− ANSI C/C++ compilers, Debuggers and Simulation
− Middleware components
• Extensive Device Database®
− Directory of over 700 supported ARM MCUs
• Established support
− Phone, Email, Web and User Group Support
• Huge installed base
− 100K+ users world wide
• Best-in-class compilation tools
− Architecture-specific optimizations
− Smaller and faster code reduces system cost
Products:
• MDK-STANDARD-FREESCALE: Supports any Kinetis
Cortex-M4 series device, $745 (1year license with no code
limits)
• MDK-Lite (32K Code Limited): $0
• MDK-Standard (T) (1 Yr Lic): $1958
• MDK-Basic (B) (256KB limit): $2695
• MDK-Standard: $4895
• MDK-Standard (F) (3 seats floating): $5874
• MDK-Professional: $9995
• MDK-Professional (F) (3 seats floating): $11994
• MicroLib optimized C Libraries − Superset of standard ARM C Library
− Optimized for embedded applications
• Additional support for the Cortex-M4 − Supports Thumb2 Instruction sets
including DSP and FPU
− CMSIS Signal Processing Library
support
http://www.keil.com/
46 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Evaluation
versions on
www.iar.com
www.iar.com/ewarm to download
• The most widely used C/C++ tool chain for ARM MCUs
• Professional and global technical support organization (10 offices)
• Reliable, powerful and easy to use
• Advanced trace debug functionality based on ETM and SWO
• Support for Kinetis 10/20/30/40/60/70, i.MX, ColdFire+ and
ColdFire
• Freescale MQX™ RTOS integration
• Project examples for the Freescale Tower system
Products:
• EWARM-CM-FSL: Supports any Kinetis Cortex-M4 series device,
$2500 (1-year license), available now via Freescale ‗Buy Direct‘
http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?cod
e=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2
• EWARM-CM: Supports all ARM Cortex-M devices including
Cortex-M4
• EWARM-BL (BaseLine): Supports all ARM cores with a limit in
code size of 256 KB
• EWARM: Supports all ARM cores
http://www.iar.com/ewarmhttp://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2
47 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Free scalable, fully-featured and proven
RTOS with 32-bit MCUs
− Full-featured and powerful
BSPs incorporate tightly integrated RTOS,
Middleware (USB, TCP/IP stacks), file system, and
I/O drivers
Designed for speed and size efficiency
− Market proven
Available on Freescale processors for > 15 years
Used in millions of products including medical and
heavy industrial applications
− Simple and scalable
As small as ~10KB for smallest implementation, or
scale up to support sophisticated networking and
threading
Intuitive API & modular architecture enables straight-
forward fine-tuning of features
Production source code provided
− Similar to other “pay-for” software OS
Software integration
headache
Integrated MQX Solution
$95K
of free
Software
Stable
Upgradable
Easy to maintain
48 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Download from: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=FREEMASTER
Application control
and monitor
Real-time eTPU
operation monitor
Live graphs,
variable watches,
and graphical
control page
Supports: - HCS08, HC12, HCS12 and HCS12X BDM
- 56F8000, 56F8100 and 56F8300 JTAG
- SCI driver (FMASTERSCIDRV) for all
platforms
http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=FREEMASTER
49 TM
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
TWR-SER
TWR-SER2
TWR-PROTO
Peripheral
Modules ($15 – $149)
Processor
Modules ($39-$119)
TWR-MEM TWR-LCD TWR-SENSOR-PAK TWR-SENSOR-PAK-AUTO
TWRPI-MMA6900
TWRPI-MPL115A
TWR-ADCDAC-LTC
TWR-WIFI-RS2101
TWR-WIFI-G1011MI
TWR-WIFI-AR4100
TWR-MCF51JE
TWR-MCF51CN
TWR-MCF51MM
TWR-MCF51QM
TWR-MCF5225X
TWR-MCF5441X
TWR-MCF51JF
MED-EKG
TWR-S12GN32
TWR-S12G128
TWR-S08LL64
TWR-S08LH64
TWR-S08JE128
TWR-S08MM128
TWR-S08GW64
TWR-S08UNIV
TWR-S08PT60
TWR-MPC5125 TWR-56F8257 TWR-K60N512
TWR-K40X256
TWR-K60D100M
TWR-K40D100M
TWR-K53N512
KWIKSTIK-K40
TWR-K20D50M
www.freescale.com/tower
8bit 16bit DSC 32bit - ColdFire 32bit – Power Arch 32bit Kinetis
Serial Prototyping Memory Sensors &
Plug-Ins Displays Wi-Fi
Analog Audio Mesh Networking
Medical
TWR-AUDIO-SGTL TWR-RF-SNAP
http://www.freescale.com/tower
TM 50
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
TM 51
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Freescale offers wide range of metering specific reference
designs and application notes.
• Metering algorithms are tested according to EN50470-3
(active energy) and IEC 62053-23 (reactive energy) as well
as ANSI C12.20 standards.
• Performance and accuracy of all Kinetis MK30, ColdFire
EM256, S08GW64 and S08LH64 reference designs have
been thoroughly evaluated on metering test bench.
• The EMC testing is performed according to EN 61000-4-X
basic standards taking into account regional specifics and
preferences.
TM 52
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Tweeting? Please use hashtag
#FTF2012
Facebook.com/Freescale Tag yourself in photos
and upload your own!
Session materials will be posted @ www.freescale.com/FTF Look for announcements in the FTF Group on LinkedIn or follow Freescale on Twitter
http://www.freescale.com/FTF
TM