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Focus on :

Concept

Feasibility- both technological and Economical

Market

Sustainability

Overview about what your idea is?1.

Designing a cost-effective model (keeping Indian Energy scenario in mind)2.

The benefits of model that you have designed.3.

How will the modern system change the present scenario- a comparative study?4.

Financial Model of the putting up of such a system if required.5.

Suggesting a method to go implement the new infrastructure/model you have suggested.6.

Conclusion7.

References8.Pasted from

India is poised for rapid economic growth. Such future growth will largely come from the secondary and tertiary sectors of t he economy, i.e., the industrial and service sectors. Since eco

activities in these sectors primarily take place in urban areas, the state of our towns and cities is crucial to India's growth. Further, India's urban population is currently around 30% of its

population. Experience across the world has been that as the economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60% before it begins to stabilize. As such, it is projected th

urban population would grow to about 473 million in 2021 and 820 million by 2051, as against only 285 million in 2001. hence, cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the curren

population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban population. So, this is the peak time when electric transportation can be encouraged.Non-renewable resources of energy in India are the natural resources of energy that cannot be produced, renewed, re-grown, or recycled on a large scale.

These non-renewable resources generally exist in a fixed amount and are consumed much faster than nature can reconstruct them. Fossil fuel includingIndian coal, petroleum, oil and n

are some examples of non-renewable resources of energy in India. A non-renewable resource is always strained down with anabolic procedures that use up energy. Non-renewable reso

energy in India such as coal, petroleum, oil and natural gas need millions of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as rapidly as they can be consumed.

In due course natural resources will become too expensive to reap and mankind will look for alternate sources of energy. At p resent, the most important energy sources used by the Ind

population are non-renewable sources of energy.

Non renewable sources of energy in India have been used since the primitive times in the nation and the increase in population justifies the increase in use of these resources. However,

unimaginable usage of these resources has created an air of conservation requirements. These non-renewable resources of energy are now of a serious concern to the Indian governmenPasted from

why it's important to get our cars off oil and what the first part of that transition might look like. Today, we look at the next phase, the electrification of transportation. Is it a good thing?

it just moving pollution around because of all those batteries and coal plants?

Purists on both sides make extreme predictions: either everything will change and cars will disappear, or nothing much will change and for decades to come we'll stick with the status qu

But it seems that the world will keep urbanizing and fewer people will drive or even own cars in urban areas because of various factors like improvements to public transit, congestion ch

higher fuel costs, better urban planning, more and safer bike lanes, etc. Ideally, most cities will become like Hong Kong and the vast majority of trips will be done using public transportat

even after such massive changes, we'd still live on a planet with hundreds of millions of cars. People living in rural areas will never have access to a subway or bus rapid transit, and even

living in urban areas will sometimes need to do things that can't be done with transit (that's what car-sharing is for). That's why we need to figure out how to keep the benefits of the aut

for those people while minimizing the downsides for the environment.The Environmental Footprint of Electric Cars

Many people are worried about the environmental cost of manufacturing electric cars. They look at those big batteries and conclude that an electric vehicle (EV) must have a much bigge

than a conventional gasoline or diesel vehicle. But it turns out that, according to most mainstream life cycle analysis (LCA) studies, around 80% of a car's footprint is produced by usage (b

fuel), not by manufacturing or disposal. So if we want to make cars greener, that's the low hanging fruit, and we can improve things for the remaining 20% too: Used EV batteries can usu

hold 50-80% of their charge, so they could be used to store wind or solar power. After that, they can be recycled and turned into new batteries (so the lithium isn't lost). The manufactur

can be powered by renewable energy, etc.

But most importantly, the cars themselves can be powered by renewable energy. If we compare the life of a gasoline car that might drive around for 20 years, burning thousands of gallo

renewable oil, to an electric car that might drive around for the same number of years on electricity generated by a hydroelectric dam or a wind turbine, it's easy to see that even if the

manufacturing of the EV was a bit worse (you have to make the battery, electric motor and power electronics, though you don't have to make a gas engine), you still come out far ahead

Even in cases where the electric car is charged using electricity produced by natural gas or coal you still come out ahead, t hough to a lesser degree, because electric motors and power p

more efficient at converting fossil-fuel energy into mechanical force than an internal combustion engine (almost 3/4 of the energy in a gallon of gas is wasted a s heat).

We need to clean up the power grid to combat global warming anyway, so if at the same time it helps cleans up the transportation sector (#1 in oil usage) because it is electrified, that's

thing. The fact that for a number of years some EVs will be powered by coal is deplorable, but on balance electrification is still worth it.

Impact of Electric Cars on Power Grid

This can be a major concern for India in the present scenario. But in the near future, India is poised to generate more electricity by building various dams, nuclear power stations, etc.

Affordable Electric Cars? Range Anxiety?

Another frequent objection is that electric cars will stay too expensive and range-limited to ever take over petroleum-powered cars. If electric cars are so good, why haven't they taken o

First, we must remember that at the end of the 1990s a barrel ofoil was selling for less than $15, and that for over a decade before that it was selling under $25. This makes it a lot hardevehicles that are fueled by alternatives to oil. If we go father back than that, we simply didn't have battery technology with high enough power-density to make a viable mainstream EV.

As for the future, there's little doubt in our mind that electric cars will be competitively priced and have adequate range. It might take a few more years, which might seem like an eterni

of us living in Internet-Time, but when you mix cutting edge technology with heavy manufacturing, things tend to take a while.

Price

Electric cars are generally more expensive than gasoline cars. The primary reason is the high cost of car batteries. But FUEL CELLS can solve this problem.

Government initiatives

Electrification of railways is a major step towards electric transportation esp., construction of metros in developed cities across India.

Obstructions

As of 2011 electric cars are significantly more expensive as compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles due to the additional cost of their

battery pack.

1.

2. Other factors discouraging the adoption of electric cars are the lack of public and private recharging infrastructure and the driver's fear of the batteries running out energy before reachi

destination (range anxiety) due to the limited range of existing electric cars.

It costs about Rs50,000 to set one up; Rs2 lakh if realty costs are included. As a result, electric vehicle makers have so far only been able to target college students and housewives. They

yet, not been able to make a dent among office-going commuters.

Value added tax (VAT) is another point of contention. The industry has asked this to be reduced to 4% from 12.5%. In states such as Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat and West Bengal w3.

The various sections of the report could be:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_carhttp://www.indianetzone.com/24/indian_coal.htmhttp://www.indianetzone.com/24/indian_coal.htmhttp://www.indianetzone.com/24/indian_coal.htmhttp://www.indianetzone.com/24/oil_natural_gas_india.htmhttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/08/electrification-of-transportation-electric-cars-minus-oil-pt2.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/08/electrification-of-transportation-electric-cars-minus-oil-pt2.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/galleries/2010/04/best-of-green-cars-transportation.php?page=6http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/02/car-sharing-membership-growing-usa-europe-stats.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/04/old-electric-car-batteries-storage-wind-solar-power-recycled.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/04/old-electric-car-batteries-storage-wind-solar-power-recycled.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/12/bolivia-enough-lithium-for-billions-of-electric-cars.phphttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_price_chronology-june2007.gifhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_price_chronology-june2007.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_anxietyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_anxietyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_anxietyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_price_chronology-june2007.gifhttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/12/bolivia-enough-lithium-for-billions-of-electric-cars.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/04/old-electric-car-batteries-storage-wind-solar-power-recycled.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/02/car-sharing-membership-growing-usa-europe-stats.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/galleries/2010/04/best-of-green-cars-transportation.php?page=6http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/08/electrification-of-transportation-electric-cars-minus-oil-pt2.phphttp://www.indianetzone.com/24/oil_natural_gas_india.htmhttp://www.indianetzone.com/24/indian_coal.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car

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rates have been brought down to 4% sales have increased substantially

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Government Incentives

The ministry of new and renewable energy announced a 20 per cent financial incentive on the ex-factory price of electric cars and scooters sold in the country.

As the expectations soar in the camps of Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles in India. The firm anticipates a 100% growth for Rs 95 crore incentive scheme offered by the Indian

government on electric vehicles. Under the scheme every electric car sold during this 11th Plan in the next two years will be eligible for incentive. The government has announced this in

scheme, as a part of 11th five year plan.

Made effective from 11th November, there will be 20% incentive for the electric vehicles, thereby procuring Rs 4000 on the ex -factory price for low speed electric two wheelers, similarly

Rs 5000 for high speed electric two wheelers, Rs 6000 for 7 seater three wheelers and Rs 1 lakh for electric cars.

The Societys Director expressed the hope that the incentive scheme will bring in instant growth making it double digit sale. He further said it will ease the irritated electric vehicle maker

meeting is convened to apprise the scheme in detail. It is to be noted that the incentive has been earmarked for the R&D and for expansion activities of the facilities, the ultimate benefit

to the customers he added.

The average price of electric vehicles is between Rs 25000- 40000, on speed range. The government announced that there will be a dissemination of two wheelers, three wheelers and fo

wheelers Battery Operates Vehicles and R&D and technology demo and other activities under Alternative Fuels for Surface Transportation.

The net budget for this scheme will be Rs 95 crore during the coming periods of the 11th five year plan. The units allocated for this fiscal are 20000 units of low speed two wheelers and

of high speed two wheelers. For the next fiscal it will be 80000 and 20000 units respectively. In addition there will be incentives for 100 units of 3 wheelers and 140 units of passenger ca

fiscal which will be 166 units and 700 units respectively for the next fiscal. The current volume in the electric vehicles is at 85000 units per year, mainly contributed by Hero Electric, Avon

BSA Motors and Lohia Auto.

Private corporation initiatives

a. GM India has said that in the first few months of 2011, it will showcase a new production-ready electric small car that has been developed in-house by the company. The new EV will be b

existing small car platform, which would either be the Spark, the Beat or the U -va.

b. General Motors is developing electric powertrains in collaboration with Bangalore-based Reva Electric Car Company for use in its existing car platforms. The first car from this venture wielectric Chevrolet Spark.

Conclusion

Amidst the chaotic traffic in crowded Indian cities, there is an occasional blur of cheery red or a burst of brilliant yellow . It is the cutesy, four-seater hatchback called Reva, a made-in-Ind

car.

By all measures, India is a country ripe for an electric car revolution. Its cities are super -polluted. Its roads are choked with every type of vehicle imaginable. You would think that the sma

efficient, battery-powered Reva would be the perfect solution.

But only 3,500 Reva cars have been sold worldwide so far, a fraction of the number that Indias biggest carmaker, Maruti Suzuki, sells every month. India is the world's biggest maker of e

cars at least currently but Revas home country has simply not adopted the battery-powered car.

But with government focusing on the development of electric vehicles, initially in major cities, in the near future, the price of various electric vehicles would go down, due to which sales

increase.

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http://www.livemint.com/2009/05/04004524/Electric-vehicle-makers-seek-2.htmlhttp://www.livemint.com/2009/05/04004524/Electric-vehicle-makers-seek-2.htmlhttp://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.html#http://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.html#http://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.html#http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100618/electric-cars-india-wheres-the-buzzhttp://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100618/electric-cars-india-wheres-the-buzzhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/02/27/stories/2010022752550500.htmhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/02/27/stories/2010022752550500.htmhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/10/08/stories/2010100851560200.htmhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/10/08/stories/2010100851560200.htmhttp://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.htmlhttp://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_carhttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/08/electrification-of-transportation-electric-cars-minus-oil-pt2.phphttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/08/electrification-of-transportation-electric-cars-minus-oil-pt2.phphttp://www.indianetzone.com/41/non_renewable_resources_energy_india.htmhttp://www.indianetzone.com/41/non_renewable_resources_energy_india.htmhttp://www.indianetzone.com/41/non_renewable_resources_energy_india.htmhttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/08/electrification-of-transportation-electric-cars-minus-oil-pt2.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_carhttp://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.htmlhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/10/08/stories/2010100851560200.htmhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/02/27/stories/2010022752550500.htmhttp://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100618/electric-cars-india-wheres-the-buzzhttp://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.html#http://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.html#http://living.oneindia.in/automobiles/auto-news/2010/electric-vehicles-government-incentives-231110.html#http://www.livemint.com/2009/05/04004524/Electric-vehicle-makers-seek-2.html