Electro Chemical

7/30/2019 Electro Chemical

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ELECTRO CHEMICAL

CONVERSION


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INTRODUCTION


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HISTORY

Sir William Grove developed the first fuel cell in England in

1839 using Hydrogen & oxygen gases with Platinum

electrodes.

In 1932 Bacon developed alkaline fuel cell replacing Platinum

electrode with less expansive Nickel electrodes.

In 1959 Harry Karl Ihrig of Allis-Chalmers demonstrats the

first fuel cell-powered vehicle.

In 1993 first fuel cell powered vehicle was launched In market.


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Fuel Cell

A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a

fuel (hydrogen, natural gas, methanol, gasoline, etc.) and an

oxidant (air or oxygen) into electricity.

Fuel cell construction generally consists of a fuel electrode

(anode) and an oxidant electrode (cathode) separated by an

ion-conducting membrane.


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WORKING
http://www.fctec.com/flashfiles/howWorks.html


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Types

I. Alkaline Fuel Cell(AFC)

II. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell(PAFC)

III. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell(MCFC)

IV. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell(SOFC)V. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)

VI. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell(DMFC)

VII. Regenerative Fuel Cell(RFC)


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AFC


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SPECIFICATION

Electrolyte used KOH

Operating temp. 65 to 220 C

Charge Carrier

OH- ion

ADVANTAGES

High efficiency of electricity generation 70%.

Cheapest to manufacture

APPLICATIONS

Automobile

Space

DISADVANTAGES

Sensitive to CO2 which react with the electrolyte which degrade cell

performance.


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PAFC


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SPECIFICATION

Electrolyte used Phosphoric acid

Operating temp. 150 to 220 C

Charge Carrier

H+

ADVANTAGES

High efficiency of electricity generation >40%. When operating in

cogeneration applications, the overall efficiency is approximately

85%.

As the operating temperature is high so waste heat used for heat

water.

CO2 not effect cell performance.

APPLICATIONS

install in buildings, hotels, hospitals, and electric utilities in Japan,

Europe and the United States.


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MCFC


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SPECIFICATION

Electrolyte used molten mixture of carbonate

Operating temp. 650 C

Charge Carrier

Carbonate ion

ADVANTAGES

As the operating temperature is high so waste heat used for high

pressure steam generation.

APPLICATIONS

More suitable for constant power applications.

DISADVANTAGES

Slow to changing power demands.

Control on CO2 amount.


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SOFC


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SPECIFICATION Electrolyte used thin, solid ceramic material

Operating temp. 600-1000 C

Charge Carrier

Oxygen ionADVANTAGES operating efficiency in generating electricity 60%.

As the operating temperature is high so waste heat used for high

pressure steam generation. Combining a high-temperature fuel cell with a turbine into a hybrid

fuel cell further increases the overall efficiency of generatingelectricity more than 70%.

APPLICATIONS More suitable for constant power applications.

DISADVANTAGES Slow to changing power demands.

More expansive material.


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PEMFC


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SPECIFICATION

Electrolyte usedsolid polymer membrane

Operating temp.


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DMFC

The technology behind Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) is

still in the early stages of development.

Mobile phones and laptop computers.


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RFC

The Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) is a system that can operate

in a closed loop.

The hydrogen would be generated from the electrolysis of

water, splitting it into its constituent components of hydrogen

and oxygen, using renewable energy sources such as wind,

solar, or geothermal.

COMPARISON


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COMPARISON


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Conclusion

Fuel cell is an efficient energy conversion system.

Fuel cell is less expensive, less polluting comparative to other

conversion system.

Fuel cells are used in many application like automobile ,

power plant cogeneration , laptops , mobiles etc.


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Refrences

http://www.asdlib.org/onlineArticles/ecourseware/Kelly_Potentiometry/PDF-14-EChemCells.pdf

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_history.asp

http://www.fctec.com/flashfiles/howWorks.html

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_afc.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_pafc.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_mcfc.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_sofc.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_dmfc.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_pem.asp

http://www.fctec.com/fctec_types_rfc.asp


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THANK YOU

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