Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Transportation Systems … · Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN (ICNIR 2003) Electromagnetic Fields

Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN (ICNIR 2003) Electromagnetic Fields and Our Health 20th – 22nd October 2003

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Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Transportation Systems in Malaysia

A.S. Farag, H. Hussain, I. Said, M. Abdel Kader, N. Abdul Rahman

Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor, Malaysia

ABSTRACT In response to growing public concerns in the world over possible health effects from exposure to an ever-increasing number and diversity of EMF sources, many organizations and agencies launched International and National projects to assess health and environmental effects of exposure to electric and magnetic fields. Latest scientific reports have suggested that exposure to EMFs emitted from different sources and devices could have adverse health effects, such as cancer, reduced fertility, memory loss and adverse changes in the behavior and development of children. However, the actual level of health risk is not known. Electric fields associated with transportation systems have not been reported in great detail nor have concerns about them been consistently expressed. There is considerably more information available regarding magnetic fields since they have continued to receive significant attention from the public and in the media. Currents can range to values as high as a few kA with corresponding high magnetic fields near the current carrying components that may be mounted in relatively close proximity to passengers and operators or other workers. Furthermore, intervening structures provide relatively little shielding. This paper describes methods used to obtain firsthand information and collect data to characterize the magnetic field environment of the Malaysian Electric Transportation System. The paper identifies the magnetic field levels in un-powered cars at different seating locations. Measurements on different routes were done. Overall magnetic fields in these cars can range from a few tens mG to hundreds or so mG toward the ceiling of the passenger or operator compartment to the vicinity of a thousand or more mG locally near the floor near specific components. In powered cars, the field levels tend to be at least a factor of 5 or 10 greater.

INTRODUCTION In view of continuing concerns being expressed about the possibility that magnetic fields associated with electrical transportation systems may be excessive and possibly result in adverse health consequences led different railroad administrations and agencies with responsibilities for managing health issues to support comprehensive set of magnetic field measurements in and around electrical transportation vehicles, stations, power supply equipment and operator locations. The operative concept in transportation systems magnetic fields is variability since a dominant technology has not yet been established. Magnetic field conditions on board the trains are dynamic, changing in amplitude, direction, and frequency distribution over time, vehicle speed, location and additional sources of variability exist. Variability manifests itself both temporally and spatially. Exposures depend on when and where you measure them.


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Lacking definitive guidelines regarding magnetic field thresholds that may be unacceptable, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) undertook comparable measurements in conventional electrified transit systems in Malaysia, shown in Fig. (1), to establish magnetic field levels and characteristics in existing transportation systems. This paper characterizes and quantifies the extreme low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields to which passengers may be exposed while traveling in the electrical transportation systems. Magnetic field data are collected using protocols and instrumentation compatible with those employed for similar measurements internationally. These measurements were taken at different times at different locations and seating for the last two years. The data presented and analyzed herein can be utilized to support the required environmental planning and deployment activities for any new projects around the world.

Fig. 1. Malaysian Transportation Systems.


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: STAR LRT In The City

STAR LRT Leaving Bukit Jalil Station

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MEASUREMENT APPROACH

The study focused on magnetic fields because the electric field was not expected to differ significantly from that found in typical building environments. Because there is a metallic structure between the electric system and the passenger compartment on board the vehicle, it is reasonable to assume that the interior electric field will be minimal. Also, because electric fields are influenced quite strongly by people and by nearly all objects, all researchers agree that, except for extremely well-controlled environments, electric field measurements are of minimal value and very difficult to interpret.


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Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) proposes to collect a set of ELF magnetic field measurements on different transportation systems using same instrumentations and methodologies. In this way, the accumulated data set can be used directly to compare the magnetic field environment of the electrified rail systems. The measurements on these trains concentrate on those locations accessible to passengers or the general public such as passenger compartments of the vehicles, in the station and on the station platform. The measurements focused on magnetic fields in the frequency range up to 3 kHz. The reason for this focus is fourfold: (i) Measurements demonstrated that the principal magnetic field components are less than a few hundred hertz, and significant harmonics are generally not higher than a kilohertz, (ii) The motor had less active dynamic control suggesting it has fewer high frequency field components from the sources, (iii) The database of field data for internationally conventional vehicles of the same type were evaluated in the limited frequency range, and (iv) Focus on the ELF frequency range is the suggestion by some that there may be adverse health responses to such fields. The magnetic field measurements were made using three-axis coil EMDEXII, SNAP, and WAVECORDER system meters. Multiple measurements at fixed locations as the vehicle changed operating parameters (accelerating, braking, etc.) provided a view of the temporal variation in field levels based on the operation of the train. Measurements at multiple locations within the vehicle provided information about the spatial variation of the field levels inside the train. Specifically measurements were recorded on board at the following locations: (a) The vehicle passenger section at the middle of a car in a window seat and an aisle seat, (b) The front and last row of the passenger section in a window seat, and (c) Along a lateral profile in the passenger section. Measurements events were recorded near transformer yards, passing trains, near braking and starting and near overhead or distribution lines. Limited measurements of the RMS magnetic field strength in the VLF (3 kHz-30 kHz) and the LF (30 kHz-300 kHz) bands were made concurrent with the detailed ELF field measurements showed and ensured that significant higher frequency magnetic fields are not overlooked. Although significant electric fields were not anticipated in or near the vehicle owing to the metallic construction of the vehicle, single-axis ELF were measured concurrent with the magnetic field measurements and showed traces of such fields.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

Selecting a seat as a reference location and placing the meters on the knee of the passenger and start recording during the entire trip from station stop to station stop and collect all samples over the duration of the trip as shown in Figure (2). Initiating recording just before the vehicle departs the station and terminate recording after the vehicle arrives at the end station. Watch for over-range and outside conditions while recording data. The process is repeated at different seating. The sampling pattern will thoroughly cover the car obtaining data over different seating. Measurements are conducted from station to station continuously to obtain data under comparable operating conditions. Mark events conditions on the recorded data when the vehicle arrives the station and after leaving the station to consider conditions at standing time in each station. Exchange seats at the opposite sides and repeat the measurements.


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Fig. 2. Passenger compartment of STAR LRT

To appropriately characterize the short-term temporal characteristics of the field, ELF fields were measured with three-axis meters. Longer-term temporal variations in the field conditions associated with system operating conditions were characterized by taking repeated fields measurement throughout the entire trip of the electric train. Graphs show the absolute maximum field levels measured on board at different locations and seating.

DATA ANALYSIS

The extensive volume of data collected during the on-vehicle measurements is loaded onto computers, organized, and audited for integrity. Samples of these data are shown in Figure (3). Data sets are run through number proprietary programs which extract user specified field parameters to include the date, and time of the samples, total field in various sub-bands. Summary statistics (mean, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, etc.) are computed for each parameter at each location across each data set and are tabulated for quick comparisons as shown in Table (1). Plots are generated for field intensity to examine the relationship of the field parameters to location and seating position and other relevant parameters. Selected data are examined to identify field strengths indicative of specific field sources. The measurements, data analysis and conclusions presented in this paper are representative of the electrical transportation system operated in Malaysia. Any construction of such systems elsewhere will probably have project-specific modifications of the design and operating parameters of the power supply, communications and control, and operation concept. Such modifications may produce somewhat different EMF emissions, which would therefore require further analysis. Nevertheless, the accumulated transportation-related EMF database, together with the results presented here, offer a sufficient and credible basis for comparing and projecting public, occupational, and environmental levels of EMF from Malaysian electric transportation systems.


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CONCLUSIONS

The magnetic field data in the ELF range were collected with EMDEXII, SNAP, and WAVECORDER portable instrumentation, using both survey and statistics protocols, and proprietary data analysis software for tabulation and display. The protocol and instrumentation are fully consistent with those employed internationally for similar EMF measurements in electrical vehicles and transportation systems. The EMF measurements on these trains concentrated on those locations accessible to passengers or the general public, where environmental magnetic fields produced by transportation system and operations may be encountered. Magnetic fields were characterized and quantified in passenger compartments of the vehicles at different seating and in areas of public access on the station platform, and near electrical power switching cabinets along the trip. In such areas, magnetic fields were found to be of moderate to high intensity and highly variable in both time and space. The magnetic field varied in frequency and was rich in harmonics with the significant components up to a few hundred hertz. During different days, measurements show slight changes in the magnetic fields due to passenger loads. The higher the number of passengers, crowded hours or working days, the higher the current needed to start and stop the train, the higher the torque exerted, the higher the magnetic field in the passenger area. The measurements show also higher fields when trains pass beside nearby substations or high voltage lines. The fields measured are higher at the both ends in the middle vehicles compared to the rear and front vehicles as motors are mounted at both ends in middle vehicle.


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Fig. 3. Measurement and Sample Stations.

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C :\P rog ram F iles \Ene rtech C onsu ltants \EM C ALC 2000\D a ta \sta r-L rt-16 ju ly02m ete r1 .m bk

Ju l/16/2002 11 :51 :10 AM

Ju l/16 /2002 12 :26 :19 PM

Sentul Timur-Sri Petaling Meter 1


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C:\Program Files\Enertech Consultants\EM CALC 2000\Data\Star-Lrt16july02meter2.mbk

Jul/16/2002 11:49:54 AM

Jul/16/2002 12:25:07 PM

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Sentul Timur-Sri Petaling Meter 2


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Location of Meters 1 and 2

SRI PETALING – SENTUL TIMUR

METER 2

METER 1


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Table (1). Statistical Data for Meters 1 and 2.

mG Min Max Avg. Std. Dev. Median Meter

1 Meter

2 Meter

1 Meter

2 Meter

1 Meter

2 Meter

1 Meter

2 Meter

1 Meter

2 Sentul Timur

Nil 1.36 Nil 54.9 Nil 7.41 Nil 9.13 Nil 4.25

Sentul 0.69 1.12 15.77 67.99 3.776 7.69 3.55 12.37 2.5 3.32

Titi-wangsa

0.64 0.87 13.71 13.96 2.89 4.71 2.65 3.91 2.07 3.12

PWTC 0.68 0.94 10.64 19.9 2.12.16 4.39 2.03 4.54 1.32 2.98

Sultan Ismail

0.54 0.76 31.3 39.3 4.29 8.29 5.29 8.47 2.29 4.43

Banda-raya

0.42 0.48 8.02 31.5 2.66 4.64 1.96 5.25 2.06 2.57

Masjid Jamek

0.36 0.18 9.66 34.7 3.04 5.64 2.53 6.57 2.16 3.28

Plaza Rakyat

0.36 0.11 25.9 81.1 4.26 8.31 5.71 13.07 2.27 4.13

Hang Tuah

0.59 0.42 12.02 34.7 3.94 6.78 3.11 6.37 2.93 4.64

Pudu 0.68 0.42 13.59 40.7 4.14 7.84 3.62 9.39 2.91 3.86

Chan Sow Lin

0.62 0.26 21.3 32.5 4.00 7.24 4.04 7.51 2.56 3.99

Cheras 1.03 0.59 12.52 63.3 3.21 6.77 2.48 9.09 2.18 3.49

Salak Selatan

0.92 0.67 9.79 86.1 3.37 14.32 1.9 14.19 3.03 12.23

Bandar Tun Razak

0.91 0.31 11.51 63.5 2.76 7.52 1.83 11.46 1.92 3.47

Bandar Tasik Selatan

1.08 0.26 17.1 61.9 3.29 6.29 3.62 8.82 1.64 3.61

Sg. Besi 0.93 0.38 10.83 60.7 2.63 7.52 1.93 11.84 1.88 3.03

Bukit Jalil

0.83

0.38

11.33

35.7

2.34

3.39

1.74

5.69

1.63

1.47

Sri Petaling

Overall Reading

0.11

0.11

31.30

86.10

2.72

6.11

3.03

9.23

1.71

2.76


11

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 2 :50 P M 01 :0 0 P M 0 1:1 0 P M

M ag n etic F ield (m G )

T im e

A m pa ng -S en tu l T im u r m e ter 1

C :\s tu d en t\s ta r lr t.m bk

A ug /2 0 /2 0 0 2 1 2:4 6 :3 5 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 00 2 0 1 :1 3:4 8 P M

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 2 : 4 7 P M 1 2 : 4 8 P M 1 2 : 4 9 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (m

G)

T im e

A m p a n g - S e n t u l T im u r m e t e r 1

C : \ s t u d e n t\ s t a r l r t . m b k

B r o a d b a n d R e s u l t a n t

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 21 2 : 4 6 :3 5 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 21 2 : 4 9 : 3 9 P M

Even

t 1

Even

t 2

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 2 : 5 1 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \ s t u d e n t \ s t a r l r t . m b k

B r o a d b a n d R e s u lt a n t

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 21 2 : 5 0 : 2 7 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 21 2 : 5 2 : 0 8 P M

Even

t 4

Even

t 5

Even

t 6

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 2 :5 4 P M 1 2 :5 5 PM

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e

A m p a n g - S e n tu l T im u r m e te r 1

C : \ s tu d e n t\ s ta r lr t .m b k

B r o a d b a n d R e s u lta n t

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 3 :1 8 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 5 :3 9 P M

Eve

nt 7

Eve

nt 8

Eve

nt 9

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 2 :5 9 P M 0 1 :0 0 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \ s t u d e n t\ s t a r lr t .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 8 :2 3 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 0 :2 7 P M

Even

t 12

Even

t 13

Even

t 14

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0 1 : 0 1 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 0 : 1 2 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 1 : 5 0 P M

Even

t 14

Even

t 15

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0 1 :0 2 P M 0 1 : 0 3 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 1 : 3 6 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 3 : 1 1 P M

Even

t 15

Even

t 16

Even

t 17

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0 1 :0 3 P M 0 1 :0 4 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 2 :4 8 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 4 :5 3 P M

Even

t 17

Even

t 18

Even

t 19

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0 1 :0 7 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 6 :2 3 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 7 :5 7 P M

Even

t 20

Even

t 21

Even

t 22

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0 1 :0 9 P M 0 1 :1 0 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e


C : \ s tu d e n t \ s ta r lr t .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 8 :4 8 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :1 0 :3 5 P M

Even

t 23

Even

t 24

Even

t 25

Ampang -Sentul Timur Meter 1


12

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

0 1 :1 1 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \ s t u d e n t \ s t a r lr t .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :1 0 :2 0 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :1 1 :4 7 P M

Even

t 25

Even

t 26

0

10

20

30

40

12:50 PM 01:00 PM 01:10 PM

M agnetic F ield (m G)

T im e

Am pang -Sentul T im ur meter2

C:\student\starlrt2.m bk

Aug/20/2002 12:47:03 PM

Aug/20/2002 01:13:58 PM

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

1 2 : 4 8 P M 1 2 : 4 9 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e

A m p a n g - S e n t u l T im u r m e te r 2

C : \s t u d e n t \ s ta r l r t 2 . m b k


A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 : 4 7 : 3 7 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 21 2 : 4 9 : 3 3 P M

Even

t 1

Even

t 2

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

1 2 :5 2 P M 1 2 :5 3 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \s t u d e n t \ s ta r lr t 2 .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 1 :5 7 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 3 :3 0 P M

Even

t 4

Even

t 5

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

1 2 :5 4 PM 1 2 :5 5 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \s t u d e n t \ s ta r lr t 2 .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 3 :2 7 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :5 5 :2 7 P M

Even

t 5

Even

t 6

Even

t 7

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

12 :5 6 PM 1 2 :5 7 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e

A m pa n g -S e n tul T im ur me ter 2

C:\s tud e n t\s ta r lr t2 .mb k

B ro a d b an d Re s ulta nt

A u g /2 0/2 0 0 21 2 :5 5 :2 7 PM

A u g /2 0/2 0 0 212 :5 7 :06 PM

Even

t 7

Even

t 8

Even

t 9

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

1 2 :5 8 PM

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e

A m p an g - S en tu l Tim ur me te r 2

C : \s tu d en t \s ta r lr t2 .mb k

B r o a d b a n d R e s u ltan t

A u g/2 0 /2 0 0 21 2 :57 :0 6 PM

A u g /2 0 /20 0 21 2 :5 8 :3 6 PM

Eve

nt 9

Eve

nt 1

0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

0 1 : 0 2 P M 0 1 : 0 3 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \ s t u d e n t \ s t a r l r t 2 . m b k


A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 1 :4 0 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 3 : 0 3 P M

Even

t 12

Even

t 13

Even

t 14

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

0 1 :0 3 P M 0 1 :0 4 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \ s tu d e n t \ s ta r lr t 2 .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 2 :5 8 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :0 4 :4 6 P M

Eve

nt 1

4

Eve

nt 1

5

Eve

nt 1

6

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

0 1 : 0 7 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e


C : \ s t u d e n t \ s t a r lr t 2 . m b k


A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 6 :2 7 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 7 : 5 1 P M

Eve

nt 1

7

Eve

nt 1

8

Eve

nt 1

9

Ampang -Sentul Timur Meter 2


13

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

0 1 : 0 8 PM 0 1 :0 9 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 : 0 7 : 4 3 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 0 9 : 1 3 P M

Even

t 19

Even

t 20

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

0 1 : 1 1 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 : 1 0 : 2 1 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 1 1 : 4 5 P M

Eve

nt 2

2

Eve

nt 2

3

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

0 1 : 1 2 P M 0 1 : 1 3 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 1 1 :2 7 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 1 3 : 5 1 P M

Even

t 23

Even

t 24

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

01:2 0 PM 01 :30 P M 0 1:40 PM

M agn etic Field (m G )

T im e

Sen tu l T im ur -Am p ang m eter1

C:\s tu dent\s tarlrt.m b k

A ug /2 0/20 02 01:1 9:53 P M

A ug/2 0/20 02 0 1:46 :2 6 P M

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 2 2 PM 0 1 : 2 3 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e

S e n t u l T im u r - A m p a n g m e t e r 1



A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 1 :5 3 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 3 : 1 1 P M

Even

t 2

Even

t 3

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 :2 4 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 3 :0 0 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 4 : 4 7 P M

Even

t 3

Even

t 4

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 2 6 P M

Ma

gnet

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e


C : \ s t u d e n t\ s t a r lr t . m b k


A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 5 :4 7 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 7 : 1 8 P M

Even

t 5

Even

t 6

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 :2 9 P M 0 1 :3 0 PM 0 1 :3 1 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e

S e n tu l T im u r - A m p a n g m e te r 1



A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :2 8 :5 4 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :3 1 :0 2 PM

Even

t 7

Even

t 8

Even

t 9

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 :3 1 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 0 : 4 1 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 2 : 0 9 P M

Even

t 9

Even

t 10

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 2 1 P M

Mag

ne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e

S e n tu l T im u r - A m p a n g m e t e r 1

C : \ s t u d e n t \ s t a r lr t . m b k


A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 :2 0 : 3 5 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 2 : 1 1 PM

Eve

nt

1

Eve

nt

2

Sentul Timur-Ampang Meter 1


14

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 3 4 P M 0 1 : 3 5 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e

S e n t u l T im u r - A m p a n g m e te r 1

C : \s t u d e n t \ s t a r l r t . m b k


A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 : 3 3 : 0 9 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 5 : 1 8 P M

Even

t 11

Even

t 12

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 3 5 P M 0 1 : 3 6 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 4 : 5 6 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 6 : 3 2 P M

Even

t 12

Even

t 13

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 3 8 P M 0 1 : 3 9 P M 0 1 : 4 0 PM

Ma

gnet

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 7 : 5 4 P M

A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 : 4 0 : 1 2 P M

Even

t 15

Even

t 16

Even

t 17

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 4 0 P M 0 1 : 4 1 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e



B r o a d b a n d R e s u l ta n t

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 9 : 4 7 P M

A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 : 4 1 : 4 8 P M

Even

t 17

Even

t 18

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 4 2 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 1 : 2 0 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 3 : 0 9 P M

Even

t 18

Even

t 19

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

0 1 : 4 4 P M 0 1 : 4 5 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 3 :4 8 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 6 : 2 6 P M

Eve

nt

20

Eve

nt

21

Eve

nt

22

Eve

nt

23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

01:20 PM 01:30 PM 01:40 PM

Magnetic F ie ld (m G )

T ime

Sentu l T im ur-Am pang m eter2

C :\student\starlrt2.m bk

Aug/20/2002 01:19:32 PM

Aug/20/2002 01:46:35 PM

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 : 2 1 P M 0 1 : 2 2 PM

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 0 : 3 6 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 2 : 0 6 P M

Even

t 1

Even

t 2

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :2 2 P M 0 1 : 2 3 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 1 : 5 6 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 3 : 0 8 P M

Even

t 2

Even

t 3

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 : 2 4 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 3 : 0 3 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 4 : 3 8 P M

Even

t 3

Even

t 4

Sentul Timur-Ampang Meter 2


15

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :2 5 P M

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e


C :\ s tu d e n t \ s ta r lr t 2 .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :2 4 :3 0 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :2 6 :0 5 P M

Even

t 4

Even

t 5

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 : 2 6 P M 0 1 : 2 7 PM

Ma

gnet

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 5 : 5 4 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 2 7 : 2 1 PM

Even

t 5

Even

t 6

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :3 0 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e

S e n tu l Tim u r - A m p a n g m e te r 2

C : \s tu d e n t \s ta r lr t2 .m b k


A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :2 9 :0 2 P M

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :3 0 :5 4 P M

Even

t 7

Even

t 8

Even

t 9

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :3 1 PM 0 1 : 3 2 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e

S e n tu l T im u r - A m p a n g m e t e r 2



A u g / 2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 : 3 0 : 3 6 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 2 : 0 6 P M

Even

t 9

Even

t 10

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :3 2 PM 0 1 :3 3 PM

Ma

gne

tic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e

S e n tu l Tim u r - A m p a n g m e te r 2



A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :3 1 :5 6 PM

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :3 3 :3 3 PM

Even

t 10

Even

t 11

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 : 3 4 P M

Ma

gnet

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 3 : 1 8 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 5 : 0 6 P M

Even

t 11

Even

t 12

Even

t 13

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 : 3 5 P M 0 1 : 3 6 P M

Ma

gnet

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 4 :5 3 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 6 : 3 3 P M

Even

t 12

Even

t 13

Even

t 14

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :3 7 PM

Mag

net

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :3 6 :1 5 PM

A u g /2 0 /2 0 0 20 1 :3 8 :1 1 PM

Eve

nt 1

4

Eve

nt 1

5

Eve

nt 1

6

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 : 4 0 PM 0 1 : 4 1 P M

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (

mG

)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 3 9 :5 6 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 1 : 4 1 P M

Even

t 19

Even

t 20

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 1 :4 2 P M

Ma

gnet

ic F

ield

(m

G)

T im e




A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 1 : 2 3 P M

A u g / 2 0 / 2 0 0 20 1 : 4 3 : 0 0 P M

Even

t 20

Even

t 21

Documents

Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Transportation Systems … · Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN (ICNIR 2003) Electromagnetic Fields